Articoli di riviste: "Reet"

1

Fedjunjova, G., e V. Ludykova. "Jubilej Anu-Reet Hausenberg". Linguistica Uralica 37, n. 2 (2001): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2001.2.07.

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Okoroafor, Precious Uchenna, God’sfavour Ikwuka, Nazia Zaffar, Melvice Ngalle Epede, Martin Kofi Mensah, Johann Haupt, Andreas Golde, Hermann Heilmeier e Oliver Wiche. "Field Studies on the Effect of Bioaugmentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 on Plant Accumulation of Rare Earth Elements and Selected Trace Elements". Minerals 12, n. 4 (25 marzo 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040409.

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This study is an investigation of the effect of soil bioaugmentation (inoculation) on a field scale with the commercially available product RhizoVital®42, containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB4, on element bioavailability, plant biomass production, as well as accumulation of rare earth elements (REEs), germanium, and selected trace elements. Zea mays and Helianthus annuus were selected as test plants. Post-harvest, results showed inoculation increased biomass production of Z. mays and H. annuus by 24% and 26%, albeit insignificant at p ≤ 0.05. Bioaugmentation enhanced Z. mays shoot content of P, Cd, and Ge by percentages between 73% and 80% (significant only for Ge) and decreased shoot content of REET, Pb, and Cu by 28%, 35%, and 59%, respectively. For H. annuus grown on bioaugmented soil, shoot content of Ca, Cu, Ge, REET, and Pb increased by over 40%, with a negligible decrease observed for Cd. Summarily, results suggest that bioaugmentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 could enhance biomass production, increase soil element bioavailability enhance, and increase or reduce plant accumulation of target elements. Additionally, differences in P use efficiency could influence bioaugmentation effects on P accumulation.

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Birkhan, Helmut. "Traumnarrative. Motivische Muster ‐ Erzählerische Traditionen ‐ Medienübergreifende Perspektiven, hg. Christa Agnes Tuczay und Thomas Ballhausen. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Internationalen Kulturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 2. Wien: Praesens Verlag, 2018, S. 196." Mediaevistik 32, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2020): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2019.01.55.

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Der Sammelband enthält nach einer Vorbemerkung der Herausgeber Beiträge von: Thomas Ballhausen, Johanna Braun, Paolo Caneppele, Günter Krenn, Paulus Enke, Lona Gaikis, Reet Hiimäe, Barbara Hindinger, Annikki Kaivola-Bregenhøj, Johanna Lenhart, Tatiana Minniyakhmetova, Raffaela Rogy, Ester Saletta, Hans Walter Schmidt-Hannisa und Christa Agnes Tuczay.

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Henderson, Michael. "Book Review: Jack's lad has done all reet". British Journalism Review 19, n. 4 (dicembre 2008): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956474808100871.

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Mittner, Eva. "Vom Tagwerker- zum Traumhaus. Vorbildliche Sanierung eines denkmalgeschützten Anwesens". Bausubstanz 11, n. 5 (2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/2190-4278-2020-5-20.

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Schöner kann eine Kernsanierung kaum enden: Die Verwandlung eines jahrhundertealten Bauernhauses in historisch gewachsener Umgebung in einem äußerst liebevoll gestalteten Garten ist so gelungen, dass das Objekt bereits mehrere Preise erhielt. Dabei war das Gebäude früher baufällig und nicht mehr bewohnbar. Für die neue Eigentümerin war dieser Zustand aber der Start in eine Herausforderung, die anzunehmen sich gelohnt hat. Sie ließ den Altbestand behutsam von Grund auf energetisch sanieren, ertüchtigte das Dachtragwerk statisch und ließ das ursprünglich strohgedeckte Dach wieder mit Reet eindecken, sodass das Gebäude in seiner ursprünglichen Erscheinung als einzigartiges Zeitdokument erhalten bleibt. Diese Metadaten wurden zur Verfügung gestellt von der Literaturdatenbank RSWB®plus

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6

Õim, H. "Reet Kasik, Verbid ja verbaalsubstantiivid tänapäeva eesti keeles, Tartu 1994 (Dissertationes Philologiae Estonicae Universitatis Tartuensis 5)." Linguistica Uralica 31, n. 3 (1995): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.1995.3.14.

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7

De Jong, G. "Fryske taboeminimalisearders en harren gebrûksfrekwinsje". Us Wurk 68, n. 1-2 (30 giugno 2019): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5c580fec68065.

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When a speaker wishes to charge his utterance with emotions and (temporarily) doesn’t bother about social conventions, he can use a taboo minimizer. Such a minimizer consists of a negative element followed by a tabooed N. This article shows which Frisian taboo terms can function as the N and what their user frequency is. This has been investigated on the internet, as this is preeminently a place where emotional messages can be expected. Google searches demonstrate that Frisian has at least 23 taboo words showing up as a minimizer. The output can be subdivided into three categories: 1) obscenities, 2) religion and superstition and 3) diseases. The first category is the most extensive, the second category is the most frequent, while the third category consists of only one word. The four most popular taboo minimizers are bliksem (‘lightning’), reet (‘ass’), donder (‘thunder’) and sek (‘scrotum’), and the fifth position is shared by barst (‘crack’) and moer (‘mother’). The last two illustrate the idiomatic character of minimizers: moer and barst have an unclear denotation, but when used as the N in a minimizer it is perfectly clear what they mean.

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Biswas, Saroni, e Anirban Biswas. "Impact of Mining on Forests and Its Biological Diversity at Kirandul Iron Ore Mines, Dantewada, South Bastar, Chhattisgarh: A Case Study". Journal of Environmental Science Studies 1, n. 1 (6 giugno 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jess.v1i1.420.

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Mining activities have several impacts on the environment. In our study, emphasis was given to assess biodiversity in one of the leading iron ore mining sites of Bailadila-Kirandul Iron Ore Mines (KIOM) of Dantewada District, South Bastar of Chhattisgarh. Habitat fragmentation, loss and deforestation are highly prevalent in the area. However, the study reveals high species richness of 110 and 253 plant species in core and buffer zone respectively. Canopy cover was found to be within 10 to 40% and in places in the buffer zone canopy cover with > 40% was recorded. Species diversity index indicates the instability of vegetation structure in the area with indices of 1.44 in core and 1.88 in buffer zone. Although species richness is high, about 10 floral species (7 herbs, 3 trees) are recorded under REET (Rare Endangered Extinct Threatened) species while locally endangered floral species are 6 and locally critically endangered are 4. Similarly, 208 faunal species belong to 10 faunal groups was recorded out of which 34 species are listed in different Schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Therefore, it is an urgent need for planning to undertake appropriate management strategies to conserve biodiversity in the area.

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Ramesh, Jangam, M. Mohan Ram e Y. S. Varadarajan. "Barrier mitigation strategies to the deployment of renewable and energy-efficient technologies (REET) in micro and small manufacturing clusters". Materials Today: Proceedings 52 (2022): 1622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.273.

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10

Rosales-Velderrain, Armando, Ross F. Goldberg, Gretchen E. Ames, Ronald L. Stone, Scott A. Lynch e Steven P. Bowers. "Hypometabolizers: Characteristics of Obese Patients with Abnormally Low Resting Energy Expenditure". American Surgeon 80, n. 3 (marzo 2014): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000325.

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Weight gain or loss is determined by the difference between calorie intake and energy expenditure. The Mifflin metabolic equation most accurately predicts resting energy expenditure (REE) in morbidly obese patients. Hypometabolizers have a measured REE that is much less than predicted and pose the greatest challenge for weight loss induced by restriction of calorie intake. We studied 628 morbidly obese patients (467 female and 161 men, aged 52.5 ± 15.7 years, body mass index [BMI] of 42.6 ± 7.6 m/kg2 [mean ± SD]). REE was measured using the MedGem® device (REEm) and the percentage variance (δREE%) from the Mifflin-predicted expenditure (REEp) was calculated. Patients with δREE% more than 1 standard deviation from the mean were defined as hypometabolizers (REEm greater than 27% below REEp) and hypermetabolizers (REEm less than 13% above REEp), respectively. Hypometabolizers had greater REEp (1900 ± 301 vs 1719 ± 346 calories, P = 0.005) and lower REEm (1244 ± 278 vs 2161 ± 438 calories, P < 0.0001) than hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers, when compared with hypermetabolizers, were taller (167.2 ± 8.4 vs 164.0 ± 10.9 cm, P = 0.04), heavier (123.6 ± 22.2 vs 110.2 ± 23.1 kg, P = 0.006), and had increased BMI (44.1 ± 6.5 vs 40.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2, P = 0.04). Other measured anthropometrics were not different between hypo- and hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers were less likely to be diabetic (23 vs 43%, P = 0.03) and more likely to be black (25 vs 5%, P = 0.002) than hypermetabolizers. This study defines hypometabolizers as having variance in REEm more than 27 per cent below that predicted by the Mifflin equation. We could not identify any distinguishing phenotypic characteristics of hypometabolizers, suggesting an influence unrelated to body composition.

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Shiraishi, Kouya, Katsuhiro Hanada, Yoichiro Iwakura e Hideo Ikeda. "Roles of RecJ, RecO, and RecR in RecET-Mediated Illegitimate Recombination in Escherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology 184, n. 17 (1 settembre 2002): 4715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.17.4715-4721.2002.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed effects of overexpression of RecE and RecT on illegitimate recombination during prophage induction in Escherichia coli and found that frequencies of spontaneous and UV-induced illegitimate recombination are enhanced by coexpression of RecE and RecT in the wild type, but the enhanced recombination was reduced by recJ, recO, or recR mutation. The results indicated that RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination depends on the functions of RecJ, RecO, and RecR, suggesting that the RecE and RecJ exonucleases play different roles in this recombination pathway and that the RecO and RecR proteins also play important roles in the recombination. On the other hand, the frequency of the RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination was enhanced by a recQ mutation, implying that the RecQ protein plays a role in suppression of RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination. It was also found that RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination is independent of the RecA function with UV irradiation, but it is enhanced by the recA mutation without UV irradiation. Based on these results, we propose a model for the roles of RecJOR on RecET-mediated illegitimate recombination.

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Turki, Farah, e Salih Awadh. "Discrimination Reef and Non-Reef Environments, Using REE Geochemistry". Iraqi Geological Journal 56, n. 1A (31 gennaio 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1a.1ms-2023-1-13.

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This research aims to distinguish the reef environment from the non-reef environment. The Oligocene-Miocene-succussion in western Iraq was selected as a case study, represented by the reefal limestone facies of the Anah Formation (Late Oligocene) deposited in reef-back reef environments, dolomitic limestone of the Euphrates Formation (Early Miocene) deposited in open sea environments, and gypsiferous marly limestone of the Fatha Formation (Middle Miocene) deposited in a lagoonal environment. The content of the rare earth elements (REEs) (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y) in reef facies appear to be much lower than of those in the non-reef facies. The open sea facies have a low content of REEs due to being a transitional phase. The facies investigated have ƩREEs lower than the PAAS. The lagoonal facies shows an average ƩREEs higher than the Global Standard of Carbonate Rocks (GSCR), whereas reefal and open sea facies contain lower. The Y/Ho, Y/Dy, and Er/Nd were used as distinctive indicators of facies diagnosis; reefal facies have a high value of Y/Ho, Y/Dy, and Er/Nd as compared to PAAS are higher than1. In contrast, non-reef facies (lagoonal) have a lower value of Y/Ho, and Y/Dy as compared to PAAS is lower than 1, but Er/Nd is higher than 1. While in open sea facies the Y/Ho and Y/Dy have moderate values as compared to PAAS are close to 1, but a high value of Er/Nd as compared to PAAS higher than 1.

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Agho, C. A., E. Runno-Paurson, T. Tähtjärv, E. Kaurilind e Ü. Niinemets. "Variation in Leaf Volatile Emissions in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars with Different Late Blight Resistance". Plants 12, n. 11 (25 maggio 2023): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12112100.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play key roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress resistance, but even for widespread crops, there is limited information on variations in the magnitude and composition of constitutive VOC emissions among cultivars with varying stress resistance. The foliage VOC emissions from nine local and commercial potato cultivars (Alouette, Sarme, Kuras, Ando, Anti, Jõgeva Kollane, Teele, 1681-11, and Reet) with medium to late maturities and varying Phytophthora infestans (the causative agent of late blight disease) resistance backgrounds were analyzed to gain an insight into the genetic diversity of constitutive VOC emissions and to test the hypothesis that cultivars more resistant to Phytophthora infestans have greater VOC emissions and different VOC fingerprints. Forty-six VOCs were identified in the emission blends of potato leaves. The majority of the VOCs were sesquiterpenes (50% of the total number of compounds and 0.5–36.9% of the total emissions) and monoterpenes (30.4% of the total number of compounds and 57.8–92.5% of the total VOC emissions). Qualitative differences in leaf volatiles, mainly in sesquiterpenes, were related to the potato genotype background. Among the volatile groups, the monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3-carene, limonene, and p-cymene, the sesquiterpenes (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-copaene, and green leaf volatile hexanal were the major volatiles in all cultivars. A higher share of VOCs known to have antimicrobial activities was observed. Interestingly, the cultivars were grouped into high and low resistance categories based on the VOC profiles, and the total terpenoid and total constitutive VOC emission scale positively with resistance. To support and expedite advances in breeding for resistance to diseases such as late blight disease, the plant research community must develop a fast and precise approach to measure disease resistance. We conclude that the blend of emitted volatiles is a fast, non-invasive, and promising indicator to identify cultivars resistant to potato late blight disease.

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Ostendorf, Danielle M., Edward L. Melanson, Ann E. Caldwell, Seth A. Creasy, Zhaoxing Pan, Paul S. MacLean, Holly R. Wyatt, James O. Hill e Victoria A. Catenacci. "No consistent evidence of a disproportionately low resting energy expenditure in long-term successful weight-loss maintainers". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2018): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy179.

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Abstract Background Evidence in humans is equivocal in regards to whether resting energy expenditure (REE) decreases to a greater extent than predicted for the loss of body mass with weight loss, and whether this disproportionate decrease in REE persists with weight-loss maintenance. Objectives We aimed to1) determine if a lower-than-predicted REE is present in a sample of successful weight-loss maintainers (WLMs) and 2) determine if amount of weight loss or duration of weight-loss maintenance are correlated with a lower-than-predicted REE in WLMs. Design Participants (18–65 y old) were recruited in 3 groups: WLMs (maintaining ≥13.6 kg weight loss for ≥1 y, n = 34), normal-weight controls [NCs, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) similar to current BMI of WLMs, n = 35], and controls with overweight/obesity (OCs, BMI similar to pre–weight-loss maximum BMI of WLMs, n = 33). REE was measured (REEm) with indirect calorimetry. Predicted REE (REEp) was determined via 1) a best-fit linear regression developed with the use of REEm, age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass from our control groups and 2) three standard predictive equations. Results REEm in WLMs was accurately predicted by equations developed from NCs and OCs (±1%) and by 3 standard predictive equations (±3%). In WLMs, individual differences between REEm and REEp ranged from −257 to +163 kcal/d. A lower REEm compared with REEp was correlated with amount of weight lost (r = 0.36, P < 0.05) but was not correlated with duration of weight-loss maintenance (r = 0.04, P = 0.81). Conclusions We found no consistent evidence of a significantly lower REE than predicted in a sample of long-term WLMs based on predictive equations developed from NCs and OCs as well as 3 standard predictive equations. Results suggest that sustained weight loss may not always result in a substantial, disproportionately low REE. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03422380.

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Wang, ZiMian, Junyi Zhang, Zhiliang Ying e Steven B. Heymsfield. "Organ-Tissue Level Model of Resting Energy Expenditure Across Mammals: New Insights into Kleiber's Law". ISRN Zoology 2012 (26 settembre 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/673050.

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Background. Kleiber’s law describes the quantitative association between whole-body resting energy expenditure (REE, in kcal/d) and body mass (M, in kg) across mature mammals as REE =70.0×M0.75. The basis of this empirical function is uncertain. Objectives. The study objective was to establish an organ-tissue level REE model across mammals and to explore the body composition and physiologic basis of Kleiber’s law. Design. We evaluated the hypothesis that REE in mature mammals can be predicted by a combination of two variables: the mass of individual organs/tissues and their corresponding specific resting metabolic rates. Data on the mass of organs with high metabolic rate (i.e., liver, brain, heart, and kidneys) for 111 species ranging in body mass from 0.0075 (shrew) to 6650 kg (elephant) were obtained from a literature review. Results. REEp predicted by the organ-tissue level model was correlated with body mass (correlation r=0.9975) and resulted in the function REEp=66.33×M0.754, with a coefficient and scaling exponent, respectively, close to 70.0 and 0.75 (P>0.05) as observed by Kleiber. There were no differences between REEp and REEk calculated by Kleiber’s law; REEp was correlated (r=0.9994) with REEk. The mass-specific REEp, that is, (REE/M)p, was correlated with body mass (r=0.9779) with a scaling exponent −0.246, close to −0.25 as observed with Kleiber’s law. Conclusion. Our findings provide new insights into the organ/tissue energetic components of Kleiber’s law. The observed large rise in REE and lowering of REE/M from shrew to elephant can be explained by corresponding changes in organ/tissue mass and associated specific metabolic rate.

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Almajwal, Ali M., e Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty. "New Predictive Equations for Resting Energy Expenditure in Normal to Overweight and Obese Population". International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (18 dicembre 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5727496.

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Background and Aims. The unique demographic and dietary characteristics of modern Arabic population require development of a new predictive equation for the estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE). This study presented new equations characteristic to Saudi population. Methods. A set of predictive equations for REE was derived for 427 healthy male and female subjects (aged 18–57 ± 14 years). REE was measured (REEm) by indirect calorimetry (IC) and predicted (REEp) using nine equations. REEp was compared with REEm to determine the predictive accuracy of these equations. Using IC and anthropometrics for stepwise linear regression analysis, a new set of equations to predict REE of men and women was developed. Accuracy of the new main equations was further tested in an external sample of 48 subjects (men = 50%). Results. Using a number of parameters (bias, underprediction, overprediction, and % accurate prediction), our results suggested that almost all (9/9 in men and 7/9 in women) equations either underpredicted or overpredicted (2/9) REE. None of the already existing equations showed an acceptable REEp/REEm difference as low as 5% and an accurate prediction (∼55%) at the individual level. Based on these findings, a new prediction equation (hereafter referred to as the Almajwal–Abulmeaty (AA) equation) was developed using this study’s data, after a rigorous stepwise regression analysis using the following formula: REE = 3832.955 + AdjWt (kg) × 48.037 − Ht (cm) × 30.642 + gender × 141.268 − age (years) × 4.525 [AdjWt is Adjusted body weight = (Wt − IBW)/4 + IBW. IBW is Ideal body weight; for men IBW = (Ht(cm) − 152.4) × 1.0714) + 45.36 and for women IBW = (Ht(cm)−152.4) × 0.8928) + 45.36]. The regression model accounted for approximately 70% of the variance in REEm (R2 = 0.702). Conclusion. Previous equations likely over- or underpredicted REE. Therefore, the new predictive AA equations developed in this study are recommended for the estimation of REE in young to middle-aged Saudi men and women with different body mass indexes. Future research is also required for further clinical and cross-validation of these new equations.

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Franch-Arcas, G., L. D. Plank, D. N. Monk, R. Gupta, K. Maher, L. Gillanders e G. L. Hill. "A new method for the estimation of the components of energy expenditure in patients with major trauma". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 267, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1994): E1002—E1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.6.e1002.

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The management of critically ill patients would be better understood if the total energy expenditure (TEE) and its components are known. To quantify the different components of energy expenditure in patients with major trauma, we used a technique combining measurements of body composition and oxygen consumption. We determined changes in body weight, total body water, total body protein, total body potassium, total body fat, and bone mineral content every 5 days over a 10-day period in a group of nine multiply injured patients. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry (REEm), and a predicted value was obtained from total body potassium (REEp). TEE was assessed by adding the total calorie intake to the changes in body energy stores, and the activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated by subtracting REEm from TEE. Mean daily values for REEm, REEp, TEE, and AEE were 2,236 +/- 140, 1,683 +/- 82, 3,029 +/- 276, and 793 +/- 213 kcal/day, respectively, over the 10-day study period. Although not statistically significant, the mean AEE was four times smaller for the first 5 days of study than for the second 5 days (298 +/- 400 vs. 1,254 +/- 588 kcal/day). The technique of combining indirect calorimetry and body composition measurements offers a new approach to evaluate energy expenditure and a new way to study metabolic disorders and therapeutic strategies in critically ill patients.

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Ikkonen, Indrek. "Kohalik ja kordumatu kodarraha: tüpoloogia ja valmistamise tehnoloogia / Local and unique wheelcoins: typology and technology". Studia Vernacula 15 (31 dicembre 2023): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2023.15.64-87.

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Wheelcoins were one of the most festive and expensive pieces of jewellery among the Estonian peasantry. These items were made of silver by learned goldsmiths operating in towns. Wheelcoins were the most recent, albeit last, development in the long history of local peasant jewellery. Several other types of jewellery which preceded the appearance of the wheelcoins, such as coins with a loop and paater pendants, influenced the form and wearing tradition of the wheelcoins. From the end of the 18th century until the last quarter of the 19th century, wheelcoins gradually lost their fashionable position in traditional costume. The tradition of wearing and making wheelcoins ceased as it was, replaced by urban fashion. In the 1920s, wheelcoins returned to the public spotlight as pieces of unique local jewellery. In research papers by Ilmari Manninen, Aino Voolmaa, Kaalu Kirme, Reet Piiri, and Jana Reidla, the concept, typology, and use of the wheelcoin pendants were addressed within the context of folk customs and folk culture. The article examines the development of the term ‘kodarraha’ (wheelcoin) and its attributed typology in earlier research. It should be noted that the actual name ‘wheelcoin’ appears very rarely in the collection notes of the Estonian National Museum. Peasants used other names to refer to the jewellery containing coins, such as the usual heel / loop money, neck coin, or pater. Regionally, there have been different names which indicate, for example, the use of thalers as a central coin. Wheelcoins are one of the few ethnographic types of jewellery that can be attributed to specific masters. Thus, the names of Magnus Wilhelm Brackmann, who worked in Pärnu, Johann Friedrich Baumann, master of Lihula, and Wilhelm Adam Trühl, craftsman of Viljandi, may be referenced, as all of them can be associated with master-marked wheelcoins and distinctly individual styles. The article proposes an alternate typology of wheelcoins to that of the regionally based one introduced by Kaalu Kirme. Established by their visual characteristics and crafting technology, this approach also takes into account the historical development of wheelcoins. The author divides wheelcoins into five groups: cast spoked wheelcoins, pseudo-cast spoked wheelcoins, single spoked wheelcoins, double spoked wheelcoins, and openwork wheelcoins. Wheelcoins with cast spokes are the earliest examples and date mainly to the last quarter of the 18th century. Pseudo-cast spoked wheelcoins are more likely to be dated to the beginning of the 19th century. Single-spoked wheelcoins were common from the beginning of the 19th century until the last quarter of the 19th century, being the most widely produced type of wheelcoins. Wheelcoins with double spokes are common mainly in western Estonia and can only be associated with the workshops of Brackmann and Baumann. Openwork spoke wheelcoins are more common in south-east, south, and western Estonia. It is the latest dated type of wheelcoin and technically the most complex one to implement. Finally, drawing from his own experience as a conservator and silversmith, the author gives an overview of the technology of making historical wheelcoins, and identifies and describes the different parts of the wheelcoin. Based on the close observation of the items in our museum collections, the order of work in which the wheelcoins were made was reconstructed. In the author’s findings, visible traces of processing on historical objects was relied on, and, working from them, a possible workflow for manufacturing wheelcoins was created. The different parts of the wheelcoin are counted from the centre of the piece to the outside. Thus, a single reel wheelcoin consists of a central coin or an imitation coin, spokes cut from sheet material, a girdle, and a hanging loop. In the case of a double reel wheelcoin, an intermediate girdle is added to the inner spokes, followed by an outer spoke reel and an edge girdle with a hanging loop. By studying the dispersal and abundance of wheelcoins, it is possible to indicate the growth of peasantry wealth. The appearance of the jewellery gives an opportunity to observe how the aesthetic taste of the peasantry changed in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is also possible to detect the interaction of the peasantry with the master silversmiths of Baltic German origin who lived in towns. Here we can see the entanglement of two cultural realms, which gave birth to a unique local jewellery tradition. In conclusion, although the research on wheelcoins has already been carried out for a century, there are still details and topics that require much more in-depth study. Keywords: wheelcoin, pater pendant, ethnographic jewellery, Estonian peasants, silversmiths, silver

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Randall, Duncan. "Planning are for Children in Respite Settings: ‘Hello this is me!’ Helen Laverty Planning care for children in respite settings: ‘hello this is me!’ and Mary Reet Publisher Jessica Kingsley £15.95 168 185302936X 185302936X". Learning Disability Practice 5, n. 2 (marzo 2002): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp.5.2.24.s13.

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Edrus, Isa Nagib, e Muhammad Abrar Abrar. "DIVERSITY OF REEF FISH FUNGSIONAL GROUPS IN TERMS OF CORAL REEF RESILIENCES". Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 22, n. 2 (24 gennaio 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.22.2.2016.109-122.

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Infrastructure development in the particular sites of Seribu Islands as well as those in main land of Jakarta City increased with coastal population this phenomenon is likely to increase the effects to the adjacent coral waters of Seribu Islands. Chemical pollutants, sedimentation, and domestic wastes are the common impact and threatening, the survival of coral reef ecosystem. Coral reef resiliences naturaly remained on their processes under many influences of supporting factors. One of the major factor is the role of reef fish functional groups on controling algae growth to recolonize coral juveniles. The aim of this study to obtain data of a herbivory and other fish functional groups of reef fishes in the Pari Islands that are resilience indicators, or that may indicate the effectiveness of management actions. A conventional scientific approach on fish diversity and abundance data gathering was conducted by the underwater visual cencus. Diversity values of the reef fish functional groups, such as the abundance of individual fish including species, were collected and tabulated by classes and weighted as a baseline to understand the resilience of coral reed based on Obura and Grimsditch (2009) techniques. The results succesfully identified several fish functional groups such as harbivores (21 species), carnivores (13 species) and fish indicator (5 species) occurred in the area. Regarding the aspects of fish density and its diversity, especially herbivorous fish functional group, were presumably in the state of rarely available to support the coral reef resiliences. Resilience indices ranged from 1 (low level) to 3 (moderate level) and averages of the quality levels ranged from 227 to 674. These levels were inadequate to support coral reef recolonization.

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Swingle, Bryan, Zhongmeng Bao, Eric Markel, Alan Chambers e Samuel Cartinhour. "Recombineering Using RecTE from Pseudomonas syringae". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, n. 15 (11 giugno 2010): 4960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00911-10.

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ABSTRACT In this report, we describe the identification of functions that promote genomic recombination of linear DNA introduced into Pseudomonas cells by electroporation. The genes encoding these functions were identified in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a based on similarity to the lambda Red Exo/Beta and RecET proteins encoded by the lambda and Rac bacteriophages of Escherichia coli. The ability of the pseudomonad-encoded proteins to promote recombination was tested in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 using a quantitative assay based on recombination frequency. The results show that the Pseudomonas RecT homolog is sufficient to promote recombination of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides and that efficient recombination of double-stranded DNA requires the expression of both the RecT and RecE homologs. Additionally, we illustrate the utility of this recombineering system to make targeted gene disruptions in the P. syringae chromosome.

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22

Rodriguez-Blanco, Juan Diego, Beatriz Vallina, Jesus A. Blanco e Liane G. Benning. "The role of REE3+ in the crystallization of lanthanites". Mineralogical Magazine 78, n. 6 (novembre 2014): 1373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.6.03.

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The formation of crystalline rare earth element (REE) (e.g. La, Ce, Pr, Nd) carbonates from aqueous solutions was examined at ambient temperature using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, combined with X-ray diffraction, high-resolution microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. In all experiments REE-lanthanites (REE2(CO3)3·8H2O) formed via a highly hydrated, nanoparticulate and poorlyordered REE-carbonate precursor. The lifetime of this precursor as well as the kinetics of crystallization of the various REE-lanthanites were dependent on the specific REE3+ ion involved in the reaction. The induction time and the time needed to fully form the crystalline REE-lanthanite end products increase linearly with the ionic potential. The authors show here that the differences in ion size and ionic potential as well as differences in dehydration energy of the REE3+ ions control the lifetime of the poorly ordered precursor and thus also the crystallization kinetics of the REE-lanthanites; furthermore, they also affect the structural characteristics (e.g. unit-cell dimensions and idiomorphism) of the final crystalline lanthanites.

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23

Rahman, Muhammad Arkan Zaky, Norma Afiati e Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo. "PENGARUH KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DENGAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI PULAU KARIMUNJAWA DAN PULAU KEMUJAN, JEPARA, JAWA TENGAH". Jurnal Pasir Laut 5, n. 2 (28 settembre 2021): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpl.2021.36473.

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Pulau Karimunjawa dan Pulau Kemujan merupakan Kawasan dalam Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (TNKJ) yang memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang berupa reef flat dan reef slope. Kedua pulau ini seringkali dikunjungi wisatawan, sehingga aktivitas tersebut diperkirakan mempengaruhi kualitas perairannya. Penurunan kualitas perairan menyebabkan perubahan struktur komunitas biota, dalam studi ini ikan karang dan terumbu karang. Berdasarkan alur pemikiran tersebut, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman, kelimpahan serta hubungan ikan karang dan terumbu karang pada daerah reef flat dan reed slope. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus tahun 2020 di perairan Pulau Karimunjawa (Tanjung Gelam dan Legon Lele) dan Pulau Kemujan (Pulau Sintok dan Batulawang), Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Pengamatan terumbu karang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) kemudian data diolah menggunakan aplikasi CPCE (Coral Point Count with Excel). Pengamatan ikan karang dilakukan menggunakan metode UVC (Underwater Visual Census). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan karang hidup di lokasi penelitian termasuk kategori sedang hingga sangat baik (24%-77,89%). Indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi terumbu karang ditemukan di Pulau Sintok (2,322) dan terendah di Legon Lele (1,815). Indeks keanekaagaman dan kelimpahan ikan karang tertinggi ditemukan di Pulau Sintok (H’ = 3,254 dan 500 ind/150m2) dengan dominasi famili Pomacentridae, sedangkan terendah ditemukan di Tanjung Gelam (H’ = 2,372 dan 123 ind/150m2). Kelimpahan ikan karang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi terumbu karang sebesar 95,83% (R2 = 0,9583). Semakin baik kondisi terumbu karang, maka semakin tinggi kelimpahan ikannya. Hasil uji anova menunjukkan nilai F hitung = 54,498 dengan tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0,0034 (α<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa data signifikan dan hipotesis diterima.

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24

Chajda, Ivan. "Rees ideal algebras". Mathematica Bohemica 122, n. 2 (1997): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.1997.125918.

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25

Kumari, Shabnam. "REST based API". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-4 (30 giugno 2017): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2200.

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26

Hof, Dennis. "Vom Eigentum zur Miete". Berichte Geographie und Landeskunde 94, n. 1 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/bgl-2021-0003.

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27

KIM, Mo-Ra, Min-A. CHA e Sam-Young CHOI. "REBT Supervision Practical: Focusing on Competence Enhancement and Assessing Competence". Korean Association of Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy 2, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2022): 68–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.54382/krecbt.2.1.68.

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The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and practical help for the implementation of domestic cognitive behavioral therapy supervision by reviewing the studies centered on competence enhancement and competency evaluation of supervisors, which are the core emphasis in the practice of cognitive behavioral therapy supervision. To this end, this study introduced the practice of capacity building and evaluation based on several studies that verified inter-rater reliability and validity of evaluation tools for cognitive behavioral therapy supervision. The conclusion is as follows. First, competency reinforcement used in cognitive behavioral therapy supervision is basically divided into basic competency and functional competency, and helps to perform high quality psychotherapy and supervision. Second, representative measurement tools for evaluating the competence of cognitive behavioral supervision are SAGE(Supervision: Adherence and Guidance Evaluation) and CTS-R(Revised Cognitive Therapy Scale). In the future, for domestic use of SAGE and CTS-R, additional processes such as understanding of evaluation tools, ethical aspects, evaluator training, and securing reliability are thought to be necessary. In addition, if continuous exploration and training are conducted for the development of domestic cognitive behavioral therapy research, it is believed that it will be of great practical help to the qualitative growth and development of supermarkets.

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28

Cagaš, B. "Reed canary grass Chrastava". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 44, No. 1 (28 marzo 2008): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2008-cjgpb.

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29

Kong, Eun-Kyung, So-Yi Hong, Yon-Joo Mah, Byung-Duk Ahn e Young-Jung Jung. "RETT SYNDROME : CASE REPORT". JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 38, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2011): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2011.38.1.068.

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30

KIM, Mo-Ra, Min-A. CHA e Sam-Young CHOI. "REBT Supervision Practical: Focusing on Competence Enhancement and Assessing Competence". Korean Association of Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy 2, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2022): 69–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54382/krecbt.2022.2.1.68.

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Abstract (sommario):

The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and practical help for the implementation of domestic cognitive behavioral therapy supervision by reviewing the studies centered on competence enhancement and competency evaluation of supervisors, which are the core emphasis in the practice of cognitive behavioral therapy supervision. To this end, this study introduced the practice of capacity building and evaluation based on several studies that verified inter-rater reliability and validity of evaluation tools for cognitive behavioral therapy supervision. The conclusion is as follows. First, competency reinforcement used in cognitive behavioral therapy supervision is basically divided into basic competency and functional competency, and helps to perform high quality psychotherapy and supervision. Second, representative measurement tools for evaluating the competence of cognitive behavioral supervision are SAGE(Supervision: Adherence and Guidance Evaluation) and CTS-R(Revised Cognitive Therapy Scale). In the future, for domestic use of SAGE and CTS-R, additional processes such as understanding of evaluation tools, ethical aspects, evaluator training, and securing reliability are thought to be necessary. In addition, if continuous exploration and training are conducted for the development of domestic cognitive behavioral therapy research, it is believed that it will be of great practical help to the qualitative growth and development of supermarkets.

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31

Razovsky, Yu V., Ya D. Vishnyakov, S. P. Kiseleva, N. V. Artemyev e E. Yu Savelyeva. "ТРИ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РЕНТНЫМИ ОТНОШЕНИЯМИ". Ugol', n. 04 (8 aprile 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18796/0041-5790-2022-4-58-61.

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32

Miller, William. "Hierarchical Concept of Reef Development". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 182, n. 1 (10 aprile 1991): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/182/1991/21.

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33

Kim, Mo-ra. "Review of the REBT measurements focused rational and irrational beliefs". Korean Association of Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy 3, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2023): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54382/krecbt.2023.3.1.7.

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The purpose of this study is to review the scales for measuring rational beliefs and irrational beliefs based on Ellis' REBT theory, and to discuss the characteristics of each scale. To this end, tools from BITI, GABS, ABS-2 IPBI and IBT are outlined. The results of the study are as follows. First, many tools for measuring beliefs based on the REBT theory are tools for measuring only irrational beliefs. Second, a standardized tool that measures both rational and irrational beliefs based on the REBT theory and can be applied domestically is needed. This study is considered to be meaningful in contributing to the development of future research and the use of appropriate tools used in cognitive behavioral therapy and the development of measurement tools that can be applied in domestic cognitive behavioral therapy clinical practice. Therefore, while looking at Ellis' rational and irrational beliefs in an integrated way in the educational and clinical settings through standardized measurement tools, follow-up studies on measurement tools that can be appropriately utilized according to the domestic culture and situation are expected to continue.

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34

Holcombe, Randall G. "Political Capitalism and Rent-Seeking". Korea Public Choice Association 1, n. 1 (31 marzo 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.001.

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Political capitalism is an economic and political system in which the economic and political elite cooperate for their mutual benefit. Rent-seeking is one of the mechanisms that the elite use to generate gains to themselves at the expense of the masses. Analyzing rent-seeking within the political capitalism framework yields insights about the rent-seeking process. There is a barrier to entry in rent-seeking process which reduces competition for rents and increases the return to the rent-seeking group. This produces a net gain that recipients of rents—the economic elite—share with the political elite for their mutual benefit. One result is that rent-seeking losses are smaller than would be possible in the traditional theory. When such limits on rent-seeking are ineffective and discriminatory, massive rent-seeking can occur which dissipates the benefits of rent-seeking and generates the kind of losses Krueger (1974) discussed in her classic article.

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35

Gischler, Eberhard. "Guilds and cycles in Devonian fore reef limestones: a preliminary study (Iberg Reef, Harz Mts., Germany)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1995, n. 5 (1 maggio 1995): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1995/1995/279.

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36

Edwards, C. "Reel to reel rebirth". Engineering & Technology 14, n. 9 (1 ottobre 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2019.0905.

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37

D., Sangeetha. "REIT and its Future in India". International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention 03, n. 01 (2 giugno 2015): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijssei/vol03-01/03.

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38

Libman, Alexander, e Niklas Platzer. "Geschichte, Slawistik und der Rest". osteuropa 71, n. 7 (2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2021-0059.

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39

Vavruk, E., B. Popovych e R. Popovych. "Program model of reed-solomon codes". Computer systems and network 3, n. 1 (10 dicembre 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2021.01.001.

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Abstract (sommario):

Розроблена програма для моделювання завадостійких кодів Ріда-Соломона на основі об’єктно-орієнтованої технології. Вхідними даними для системи є блоки байтів для передачі через канал зв’язку, де в цих блоках можуть статися помилки. Створена програма реалізує коди типу (255,239) та (255,223) для скінченого поля з 256 елементів GF(28) зі стандартними породжуючими багаточленами x8+x4+x3+x2+1 та x8+x7+x2+x+1. Крім того, передбачена можливість у випадку необхідності додати інші типи кодів та багаточлени, які породжують скінченне поле.

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40

Chattopadhyay, Dr Sudipta. "Nàgàrjunas Reflection on Motion and Rest". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (31 ottobre 2018): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18808.

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41

Alexander, Rymanov. "Differential land rent and agricultural taxation". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 9 (11 settembre 2017): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/127/2016-agricecon.

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The paper addresses the influence of various types of taxes on changes in differential (Ricardian) land rent, and the economic performance of agricultural producers. Labour and capital taxes lead to higher prices for agricultural products, causing a decrease in consumer demand and lower income for agricultural producers (mostly utilizing marginal land). A polynomial single-product model has been used to demonstrate that reducing the tax burden on agricultural producers – specifically taxes on labour and capital – will result in increases in differential land rents on the average and relatively better plots, and/or the emergence of the rent on the marginal land. Thus, substituting labour and capital taxes for land/property taxes reduces the overall tax burden of agricultural producers on marginal lands.

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Lee, Chang-Yeol. "A Study of M2M Platform Technologies based on REST". Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 12, n. 9 (30 settembre 2011): 4153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2011.12.9.4153.

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43

Diaz-Segura, Edgar Giovanny. "Coeficiente de empuje en reposo – Jáky 1944". Obras y Proyectos, n. 32 (dicembre 2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/0718-51620202203204.

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El artículo originalmente titulado “A nyugalmi nyomás tényezője” (Coeficiente de empuje en reposo) del Dr. József Jáky publicado en 1944, se encuentra dentro de los más citados en ingeniería geotécnica, y su hipótesis aún sigue vigente. Sin embargo, el haberse publicado originalmente en húngaro, en parte ha dificultado el conocimiento de la formulación completa de su teoría, lo que ha conllevado a que una cantidad importante de autores se ciñan solo a referenciar una versión simplificada de la ecuación para la determinación del coeficiente de empuje en reposo, k0, sin hacer alusión a su origen, desconociendo en algunos casos que la ecuación propuesta es de tipo analítico y no empírico, y que es aplicable a materiales granulares de cualquier tipo, incluyendo cereales. El presente documento aporta una versión rigurosa del artículo original del Dr. Jáky, lo cual permite conocer las formulaciones, así como los límites de validez, que hay detrás de la determinación de k0 usando la ampliamente conocida teoría de Jáky.

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44

Lee, Kyung-Hyun. "A Review of the Literature of REBT for Traumatized People". Korean Association of Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy 2, n. 2 (31 agosto 2022): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54382/krecbt.2022.2.2.7.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the Rational emotional behavior therapy on the subjects who experienced trauma. The subjects of this study were experimental studies within the last ten years that provided REBT intervention to trauma subjects. In this study, the characteristics of REBT program applied to trauma-experienced people were reviewed and analyzed as what should be considered when developing the REBT program in the future. For this purpose, the types of trauma, specific methods of REBT application, and verification of effectiveness were summarized. The study results showed that REBT theory is suitable and valuable for dealing with irrational beliefs related to traumatic experiences. However, it is necessary to consider RCT designs and homogeneous subjects to maintain the effect size and secure sufficient scientific evidence in REBT intervention. Nevertheless, if the uniqueness and merits of REBT are fully reflected, it will be an effective intervention for trauma subjects. This study suggests various implications for REBT development for trauma subjects and will contribute to the development and spread of REBT in the future.

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45

Davy, Benjamin. "„Tiere und die übrige Natur“". Berichte Geographie und Landeskunde 96, n. 4 (2023): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/bgl-2023-0020.

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46

Curran, Margaret, Collin J. Popp, David E. St-Jules e Mary Ann Sevick. "Self-Reported Weight Cycling Is Associated with Adaptive Thermogenesis in Individuals with Overweight and Obesity". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 maggio 2020): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_022.

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Abstract Objectives We aimed to examine the association between self-reported weight cycling (WC) history and the presence of adaptive thermogenesis (AT) in overweight and obese individuals. Methods Data for this analysis were collected during baseline visits of participants enrolled in an ongoing weight loss study, the Personal Diet study. The sample was limited to participants who had reported attempting weight loss prior to enrollment. Body composition (fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM)) and resting energy expenditure (REE) were measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Weight and dieting history was obtained via investigator-generated questionnaire, and WC was defined as the reported number of successful weight loss attempts of ≥5 lbs since age 18. Predicted REE (REEp) was determined using a multiple regression model including FM (kg), FFM (kg), and age. AT (kcal/day) was defined as the difference between predicted and measured REE (REEm-REEp). Pearson's correlations and multivariable models were run using SAS 9.4. Results Complete datasets for both WC and REE were collected from 121 participants. Participants (n = 5) with AT ± 2 SD were considered outliers and excluded from this analysis. The sample was mostly female (70%), with a mean age of 59 ± 12 years and a BMI of 34.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2. AT ≥100 kcal/day was found in 41 participants (35%). Mean number of weight cycles was 8.6 ± 5.7, with 49 participants (42.2%) reporting ≥10 cycles. WC was positively associated with AT after adjusting for sex (P = 0.018). Conclusions As predicted, WC is common in individuals with overweight and obesity and was significantly associated with AT. However, the clinical relevance of AT is unknown. Therefore, future directions should include an assessment of the effect of WC and AT on weight loss success. Funding Sources The Personal Diet study is supported by the American Heart Association.

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47

Halidu, Ariyanti, Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik e Unstain N. W. J. Rembet. "Distribution of Coral Reefs Stone at the Reef Flat of South Coast Putus-Putus Island East Ratatotok, Ratatotok District Southeast Minahasa Regency". JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 4, n. 1 (7 settembre 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.4.1.2016.13229.

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This research was conducted at the reef flat of south Putus-Putus Island, East Ratatotok, Ratatotok district, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research was done no data of coral distribution available in Putus-Putus Island. This research aimed to describe the distribution of corals in Putus-Putus Island. The benefit of the study was to provide information and contribution to coral reef management efforts in the region. Data was collected using transect-quadrat methodt. There were 3 sampling points determined, the inner reef flats, the middle reef flats, and the outer reef flat. Each depth was laid five 50 m–transects, and each transect had 10 1x1-quadrats. The distance between quadrats was 5 m. Any coral found in the quadrat was recorded on a data sheet and photographed using an underwater camera. The highest percent cover was recorded at the outer reef flat, 57.32%, followed by the middle reef flat, 39.08%, and the lowest was found in the inner reef flat, 11.38%. The most coral lifeform cover in Putus-Putus Island reef flat was Coral Massive, 42.98%. General condition of coral reefs was good at the outer reef flat, moderate at the middle reef flat, and poor at the inner reef flat, respectively. Hard coral diversity index (H’) value was 0.36 at the inner reef flat, 0.56 at the middle reef flat, and 0.51 at the outer reef flat. Eveness index was 0.52 at the inner reef flats, 0.59 at the middle reef flat and 0.60 at the outer reef flat, respectively. Dominance index was 0.61 at the inner reef flat, 0.43 at the middle reef flat, and 0.45 at the outer reef flat. The distribution pattern was clustered in all sampling points. Keyword : Distribution, Coral Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai selatan Pulau Putus-Putus Desa Ratatotok Timur Kecamatan Ratatotok Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada data distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi karang batu di rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus. Manfaat penelitian yaitu dapat menjadi sumber informasi dan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya pengelolaan terumbu karang di wilayah Ratatotok di masa yang akan datang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadran. Pada lokasi penelitian, ditentukan tiga titik pengambilan data, yaitu kedalaman inner reef flat, middle reef flat dan outer reef flat. Pada setiap kedalaman diletakkan 5 transek ulangan, dengan panjang 50 meter, pada setiap transek diletakkan 10 buah kuadran berukuran 1x1 meter dengan jarak antar kuadran adalah 5 meter. Setiap karang yang ditemukan dalam kuadran dicatat pada data sheet dan mengambil gambar dengancamera underwater. Persentase tutupan karang batu tertinggi diperoleh pada kedalaman outer reef flat yaitu sebesar 57,32 % diikuti dengan middle reef flat 39,08 % dan tutupan terendah pada kedalaman inner reef flat yaitu 11,38 %. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang batu yang paling banyak menutupi rataan terumbu Pulau Putus-Putus adalah Coral massive sebesar 42,98%. Secara umum kondisi terumbu karang pada kedalaman outer reef flat dikategorikan baik, kedalaman middle reef flat dikategorikan cukup dan kedalaan inner reef flat dikategorikan rusak/buruk. Dari hasil analisis, nilai indeks keanekaragaman karang batu di tiap kedalaman sebagai berikut: kedalaman inner reef flat (H' = 0,36), kedalaman middle reef flat (H' = 0,56) dan kedalaman outer reef flat (0,51). Hasil indeks kesamarataan untuk tiap kedalaman adalah kedalaman inner reef flat (e = 0,52), kedalaman middle reef flat (e = 0,59) dan outer reef flat (e = 0,60). Nilai indeks dominasi pada kedalaman inner reef flat tergolong dalam kriteria dominasi sedang 0,61 dan kedalaman middle reef flat dan outer reef flat dominasi rendah 0,43 – 0,45. Pola distribusi karang batu pada ketiga kedalaman adalah mengelompok. 1Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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48

Nguyen, Teo, Benoît Liquet, Kerrie Mengersen e Damien Sous. "Mapping of Coral Reefs with Multispectral Satellites: A Review of Recent Papers". Remote Sensing 13, n. 21 (7 novembre 2021): 4470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214470.

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Coral reefs are an essential source of marine biodiversity, but they are declining at an alarming rate under the combined effects of global change and human pressure. A precise mapping of coral reef habitat with high spatial and time resolutions has become a necessary step for monitoring their health and evolution. This mapping can be achieved remotely thanks to satellite imagery coupled with machine-learning algorithms. In this paper, we review the different satellites used in recent literature, as well as the most common and efficient machine-learning methods. To account for the recent explosion of published research on coral reel mapping, we especially focus on the papers published between 2018 and 2020. Our review study indicates that object-based methods provide more accurate results than pixel-based ones, and that the most accurate methods are Support Vector Machine and Random Forest. We emphasize that the satellites with the highest spatial resolution provide the best images for benthic habitat mapping. We also highlight that preprocessing steps (water column correction, sunglint removal, etc.) and additional inputs (bathymetry data, aerial photographs, etc.) can significantly improve the mapping accuracy.

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Chen, Beichen, Xinong Xie, Ihsan Al-Aasm, Wu Feng e Mo Zhou. "Depositional Architecture and Facies of a Complete Reef Complex Succession: A Case Study of the Permian Jiantianba Reefs, Western Hubei, South China". Minerals 8, n. 11 (16 novembre 2018): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8110533.

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The Upper Permian Changhsingian Jiantissanba reef complex is a well-known platform marginal reef, located in the western Hubei Province, China. Based on field observations and lithological analysis of the entire exposed reef complex, 12 reef facies have been distinguished according to their sedimentary components and growth fabrics. Each of the lithofacies is associated with a specific marine environment. Vertically traceable stratal patterns reveal 4 types of the lithologic associations of the Jiantianba reef: (1) heterozoan reef core association: developed in the deep marginal platform with muddy composition; (2) photozoan reef core association developed within the photic zone; (3) tide-controlled reef crest association with tidal-dominated characteristic of lithofacies in the shallow water; and (4) reef-bank association dominated by bioclastic components. The entire reef complex shows a complete reef succession revealing a function of the wave-resistant and morphological units. This study displays a complete sedimentary succession of Jiantianba reef, which provides a more accurate and comprehensive description of the reef lithofacies and a better understanding of the structure and composition of organic reefs.

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Borawska-Dziadek, Elżbieta, e Karolina Ziora-Jakutowicz. "Testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART) and ovarian adrenal rest tumor (OART) in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Pediatric Endocrinology 14, n. 2 (2015): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18544/ep-01.14.02.1558.

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