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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Redistribution de fluorescence après photoblanchiment (FRAP)"
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Tesi sul tema "Redistribution de fluorescence après photoblanchiment (FRAP)"
Equy, Eloïse. "Polymersomes Janus : conception rationnelle, préparation et fonctionnalisation asymétrique pour le développement de systèmes auto-propulsés de délivrance ciblée de médicaments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0465.
Testo completoMimicking the properties of living cells in artificial protocells has attracted significant interest, particularly for replicating motility and directional swimming for applications in smart therapeutics. Due to their vesicular and stable morphology, polymersomes hold great promise for drug delivery, and the introduction of asymmetry is crucial to enable self-propulsion. While several approaches, such as phase separation within the membrane, have been used to create asymmetric polymersomes, the selection of appropriate polymers remains a challenge. This PhD thesis aims at designing asymmetric, Janus-like polymersomes capable of self-propulsion, and powered by enzymatic glucose decomposition. We describe the development of Janus Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (JGUVs) through phase separation within the membrane of two distinct block copolymers comprising chemically incompatible hydrophobic blocks. We demonstrate, using the Flory-Huggins theory, that copolymers can be rationally selected and designed to self-assemble into asymmetric polymersomes, with tunable phase separation driven by parameters such as composition, molecular weight, and temperature. Our predictive method proves to be effective for both solvent-free and solvent-switch self-assembly processes, enabling the elaboration of generic phase diagrams correlating mixing free energy with polymersome morphology, providing valuable insights for JGUVs design. We also evidence that the presence of solvent during the vesicle formation broadens the range of incompatible polymers that can be used. Additionally, we successfully control, thanks to extrusion, the vesicle size while preserving their Janus morphology and evidence that the resulting JGUVs could be stable for several months. Furthermore, we asymmetrically functionalized JGUVs with glucose oxidase enzymes via click-chemistry, and a preliminary study on their dynamic behavior in the presence of glucose is presented, looking forward to their potential use as micromotors
Liu, Zengzhen. "Focal adhesions mechanosensitivity of human mesenchymal stem cells : a fluorescence spectroscopy-based approach of focal adhesion proteins dynamics and interactions in living cells". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077258.
Testo completoTissue rigidity or stiffness affects many biological processes in embryonic development and aduit physiology and are involved in numerous diseases. Rigidity sensing by cells and how cells respond to it, are thus crucial aspects in biology and medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells present unique properties as their fate is regulated by the stiffness of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Focal adhesions (FAs) are the mechanosensitive elements that connect the cell to its mechanical environment. Because insight emerges that the dynamic processes intrinsic to the FAs and cytoskeleton would be decisive in the transduction of mechanical stimuli into biochemical signais, we address the relationship between the diffusion and binding properties of FAs proteins and rigidity sensing in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). We cultured primary hMSC derived from bone marrow, on collagen-coated polyacrylamide gels of defined and controlled stiffness. Nascent adhesions and/or adhesions at the leading edge assemble and disassemble or mature into bigger FAs to sustain higher contractile forces which take place at higher ECM rigidity. To determine whether the turnover and growth of FAs in hMSC depends on the stiffness of the ECM, and to decipher the role of the dynamics and interactions of signaling scaffolding proteins in these processes, we monitored the diffusion and binding properties of FAK, paxillin, talin and vinculin within hMCS cells. Our studies based on different fluorescence microscopy approaches as FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching), F(C)CS (Fluorescence (Cross) Correlation Spectroscopy) and FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) by FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy), ail together revealed that that the residence time of these proteins within FA structures increases along with the substrate rigidity. This property is correlated with the dynamics and instability of the FA complex membership itself, as well as with the dynamical cell behavior, properties that are therefore regulated by the substrate rigidity. In addition, our data show the existence of intracellular multitiered molecular clutch at the FA scaffold, including several rigidity-dependent molecular bindings with different kinetics (meaning likely molecular linkage with different strength). Especially, we showed that monomers of talin and vinculin bind to the scaffold with several rigidity-dependent dissociation rates and interact between each other only when immobilized. The proportion of immobilized talin-vinculin interacting species (for wild type vinculin as well as constitutively active mutant) was weakly dependent on the ECM rigidity, emphasizing the role of proteins dynamics instead of proportion of immobilization in rigidity sensing mechanism. Interestingly, the stabilization of talin at the FA site by a constitutively active vinculin mutant is much stronger at weak rigidity than at high rigidity of ECM, revealing a high potency of signaling regulation at weak rigidity in this type of cells. Specifically, our study focused on the dynamics and organization of FAs, seen as mechanical sensors of ECM rigidity and thus likely suited to support the initial steps of rigidity-dependant hMSC differentiation processes
Ribrault, Claire. "Dynamique de l'assemblage moléculaire synaptique : étude de la diffusion latérale de la syntaxin1A". Paris 6, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608130.
Testo completoRibrault, Claire. "DYNAMIQUE DE L'ASSEMBLAGE MOLÉCULAIRE SYNAPTIQUE : ÉTUDE DE LA DIFFUSION LATÉRALE DE LA SYNTAXIN 1A". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608130.
Testo completoRossi, Claire. "Construction et validation de modèles membranaires biomimétiques supportés pour l'étude des interactions protéines/membranes". Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1611.
Testo completoOur aim is to develop biomimetic membrane systems for protein-membrane interactions studies. These artificial membrane systems are assembled and anchored on solid substrates in order to allow the application of physicochemical measurements (SPR, FRAP, AFM). Ln order to create tethered lipid membrane, which delimit two distinct compartments (cis/in and trans/out), the selected approach is to anchor a lipid bilayer on a functionalized planar surface : (gold, glass, etc. ) in a covalent way, via functionalized lipids which are directly incorporated in lipids vesic1es. A experimental design Doelhert study allowed us to control the formation way of these tethered lipid bilayers. These biomimetic membranes were applied to the study of the calcium-dependent interactions on two proteins: the Myr-neurocalcine, a myristoyled protein and a bacterial toxin, the Adenylate cyc1ase of Bordetella pertussis
Inthavong, Walailuk. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanoparticules de protéines". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1014/document.
Testo completoPolydisperse fractal aggregates of varying average sizes were formed when solutions of whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate were heated at different protein concentrations and at neutral pH. The structure of these fractals aggregates solutions was analyzed by light scattering as a function of protein concentration. In dense suspension, the osmotic compressibility and the correlation length decreases with increasing concentration and become independent of the initial aggregate size. In this concentration regime, the aggregates are strongly interpenetrated and can be visualized as a set of "blobs". For a fixed aggregate size, the viscosity initially increases exponentially with increasing concentration and then diverges at the gel point. Larger fractal aggregates show a more important increase of the viscosity with increasing concentration than smaller aggregates, because they are less dense. The increase of the viscosity was much stronger for large fractal aggregates than for homogeneous microgels (microgels were formed by heating the WPI solution in present of CaCl2) of the same size.Dynamic light scattering, rheology and FRAP measurements were performed to investigate mixtures of different type of aggregates of WPI (fractals/fractals, fractals/microgels) and fractals of mixtures of WPI and SPI. Flow measurements were used to characterise the rheological properties of the aggregate suspension whereas Fluorescence recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) was used to determine the self diffusion of fluorophore-labelled dextrans chains in mixtures over a wide range of concentrations. The results were compared to the concentration dependence of zero shear viscosity, gel stiffness, osmotic compressibility and correlation length. Brownian diffusion of the dextran chains was observed in aggregate suspensions and weak gels formed just above the gel point with a diffusion coefficient that decreased with increasing concentration, but the dependence was weaker than that of the viscosity. At higher concentrations, densely crosslinked gels were formed, which induced a sharp decrease in the mobility of the dextran chains. For these systems, the recovery of fluorescence was logarithmic over time, suggesting an exponential distribution of diffusion coefficients
Piette, Nathalie. "Micropatterning subcellulaire pour étudier la connectivité neuronale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0034.
Testo completoMicropatterning was initially employed to replicate and understand the influence of the extracellular matrix on cells and some of their components. Over the past decade, subcellular printing has emerged, enabling the study of protein interactions and their role in signaling pathways as well as in the formation of synaptic, immunological, or neuronal pathways.The synaptic connection is mediated by synaptic adhesion proteins present on each side of the synapse. Due to the complexity of the synaptic environment and the lack of in vitro models to study synaptic connection in a biomimetic and controlled environment, the exact roles of these proteins in synaptogenesis remain uncertain. Subcellular protein printing presents a potential solution to address this gap. For this purpose, we have developed two biomimetic models based on protein printing: a first one using heterologous cells, providing insights into the interaction kinetics of protein pairs and linking them to their potential function. And a second one using primary neurons, allowing the formation of artificial synapses to study synaptic nano-organization during development.The protein printing system PRIMO, commercialized by Alvéole, which is co-funding this thesis, is underutilized by neuroscientists. Besides these biological objectives, the industrial aim of this thesis is to develop methodologies and proofs of concept to demonstrate the advantages and feasibility of the PRIMO technology in neuroscience.By coupling our first model, based on heterologous cells, with live-cell imaging techniques (sptPALM and FRAP), we differentiated interaction kinetics among various synaptic adhesion protein pairs and also for interactions with scaffold proteins. A labile interaction was observed for SynCAM1, known for its role in synaptic morphology. A strong and stable interaction was evident for Neuroligin1/Neurexine1β due to Neuroligin1's dimerization, which is essential for synaptic functionality.With the second model using primary hippocampal neurons, we demonstrated, in the presence of LRRTM2, the specific formation of artificial synapses. These hemi-synapses exhibited morphological and functional characteristics close to native synapses, including the presence of vesicles and spontaneous calcium activity. However, we were unable to form artificial postsynapses with Neurexine1β. Based on our observations and bibliographic analysis, we hypothesize that the postsynapse could be the initiating compartment for synaptogenesis.In conclusion, this study demonstrates: (1) that subcellular printing is an excellent model to study synaptic connectivity and adhesion from both a functional and organizational perspective. (2) That models of hemi-synapses using micropatterning are more specific than previous models. (3) That the PRIMO system opens numerous perspectives in neuroscience through its quantitative printing capabilities
Balakrishnan, Nair Gireeshkumar. "Particle diffusion in protein gels and at interfaces". Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA1002/document.
Testo completoThe objective of the thesis was to investigate the mobility of tracer particles in complex media byConfocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) combined with multiple particle tracking (MPT)and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).First, we investigated the diffusion of tracer particles in gels formed by globular proteins. Gelswith a variety of structures were prepared by varying the protein and salt concentrations. Thestructure was characterized by analysis of the CLSM images in terms of the pair correlationfunction. The mobility of particles with a broad range of sizes (2nm - 1μm) was investigatedboth in homogeneous and heterogeneous gels and related to the gel structure.Second, we studied water-in-water-emulsions prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of PEO anddextran. It is shown that when colloidal particles are added they become trapped at the waterwaterinterface because they reduce the interfacial tension. The structure and the displacement ofthe particles at the interface were determined using CLSM combined with MPT