Articoli di riviste: "Recherche de ligands"

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Bigot, J., E. Poucet, A. Moreau, C. Hennequin, L. Guillot, H. Corvol, T. Fontaine e V. Balloy. "Recherche des récepteurs cellulaires et des ligands fongiques impliqués dans la synthèse d’IL-8 par les cellules épithéliales bronchiques infectées par Aspergillus fumigatus". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 41, n. 3 (marzo 2024): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2024.01.056.

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Ducy, Patricia. "Recherche ligand désespérément…". médecine/sciences 18, n. 10 (ottobre 2002): 938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20021810938.

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Bouchard, L.-P., P. M. Llorca e M. A. Wolf. "Hypothèses actuelles sur le mécanisme d'action centrale des benzodiazépines". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 36, n. 9 (novembre 1991): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379103600907.

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Les benzodiazépines (BZD) produisent leurs effets cliniques en se liant à des récepteurs spécifiques du système nerveux central. Le récepteur BZD fait partie d'un complexe supramoléculaire qui possède également des sites allostériques pour les barbituriques et le GABA. En facilitant l'unité de couplage GABA-canal à CL-, les BZD potentialisent l'inhibition neuronale. Les recherches actuelles visent à préciser le fonctionnement moléculaire des récepteurs et à identifier leurs ligands endogènes.

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de Poulpiquet du Halgouet, Anastasia, Aurélie Darbois, Mansour Alkobtawi, Martin Mestdagh, Virginie Premel, Ludovic Colombeau, Raphaël Rodriguez et al. "Role of MR1-driven signals and amphiregulin on the recruitment and repair function of skin MAIT cells". Journal of Immunology 210, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2023): 61.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.61.19.

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Abstract Epithelial repair is crucial to reestablish adequate barrier integrity and function after tissue injury. In both mice and humans, MAIT (Mucosal associated invariant T) cells involvement in tissue repair is substantiated by their upregulation of tissue repair mediators following TCR-mediated activation. Additionally, in the absence of ɣδT cells, MAIT cells were shown to promote wound healing. By using both our congenic B6-MAIT CASTstrain (10× more MAIT cells than B6 mice) and a skin excision mouse model preventing epithelial contraction (mimicking the human repair process), we sought to uncover the underlying mechanisms of MAIT cell tissue repair function. Firstly, our scRNAseq analysis revealed that steady-state skin MAIT cells readily express a repair program. Additionally, we show that MAIT cells have a pro-repair function as their presence promotes keratinocyte proliferation, thereby accelerating healing. Using parabiosis, skin graft and the Kaede models, we found that, contrary to the resident ɣδT cells, MAIT cells are rapidly recruited into the inflamed skin. Parabiosis of MR1 +and MR1 −mice and MR1 −skin grafted onto MR1 +mice, showed that this recruitment was MR1-independent (MR1: antigen presenting molecule of MAIT cells). Instead, this recruitment relied on the chemokine receptor CXCR6 and its ligand CXCL16. Lastly, using conditional knock-out mice we demonstrated that the secretion by MAIT cells of the amphiregulin growth factor promotes skin wound healing. Overall, our study provides mechanistic insights into MAIT cell biology in the context of injury. Comprehension of these processes provides clues into the biology of related innate subsets and highlights potential new therapeutic avenues for wound healing. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (OL) Institut Curie (OL) Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grant MAIT ANR-16-CE15-0020-01 (OL) Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grant MAITrepair ANR-20-CE15-0028-01 (OL) Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL (OL) European Research Council (ERC-2019-AdG-885435) (OL) Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, grant number FDT202106013036 (AdH)

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Bernard, Antoine, David Henault, Sandy Pelletier, Pamela Thebault, Benoit Barrette e Simon Turcotte. "302 Characterization of TIGIT and PVR expression in colorectal liver metastases". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (novembre 2021): A325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.302.

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BackgroundMetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is common and lethal and generally not responsive to current immunotherapies. We hypothesize that efficacious T cell-based immunotherapy can be developed for this malignancy, provided that immune checkpoints relevant to liver metastasis, the first site of disease progression, are targeted. Here, we characterized CRC liver metastases by RNAseq, FACS and in vitro functional assays to identify candidate immune checkpoints.MethodsWe performed deep RNAseq clustering and differential gene expression analysis on bulk RNA extracted from 52 mismatch repair gene proficient CRC liver metastases. By multiparameter FACS, we analyzed the expression of candidate immune checkpoints in cell suspensions derived from 18 liver metastases, matched non-tumoral livers, and pre-operative PBMCs. We evaluated IFN-γ (ELISA) secretion and tumor lysis (Incucyte) of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) expanded from liver metastases stimulated by autologous cancer cells with or without monoclonal antibodies blocking candidate immune checkpoints.ResultsOut of 52 metastases, 21 (40.3%) clustered as immune reactive (IR) defined by concurrent high expression of transcripts related to antigen processing, immune cell lineage, immune checkpoints, interferon-gamma response, cytokines, and chemokines, whereas 25 (48.1%) were classified as non-IR. Of all inhibitory ligands assessed, PVR and PVRL2 had the highest expression, both in IR and non-IR metastases, and higher than PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. The expression of corresponding receptors TIGIT and CD226 was significantly higher in IR compared to non-IR metastases, at absolute levels higher than PD-1. By FACS analysis, PVR and PVRL2 expression by tumor-infiltrating myeloid and tumor cells was higher than PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. High PVR expression was also found in hepatocytes, liver macrophages and circulating monocytes in the same patients. In TILs, TIGIT was significantly overexpressed in activated CD4+CD25+ (74.8 ±3.0%) and CD8+CD25+ (68.7 ± 8.4%) compared to resting CD25neg T cells, an expression pattern that was not seen for PD-1 or in T cells infiltrating the liver or circulating in the blood. The majority of cancer cell lines derived from liver metastases expressed PVR, but low levels of PD-L1. TIL clones expanded from liver metastases expressed TIGIT at various levels inducible by TCR stimulation. Upon co-culture with autologous cancer cell lines, TIL clones were more lytic and secreted more IFN-γ in presence of anti-TIGIT blocking antibody.ConclusionsBy expression and functional data, the TIGIT/PVR immune suppressive axis appears as a biologically promising target for the development of immunotherapy in patients with CRC metastatic to the liver.AcknowledgementsThis work is supported by Bristol Myers Squibb and by the Quebec Cancer Consortium. A.B. holds a postdoctoral scholarship award from the Institut du cancer de Montréal. S.T. holds a Junior 2 clinical-scientist salary award from the Fond de recherche Santé-Québec. The University of Montreal Roger des Groseillers Research Chair in hepatopancreatobiliary surgical oncology supports the biobanking and clinicopathological database associated with this project.Ethics ApprovalInstitutional review board approvals were obtain to conduct this project (16.262) and all patients provided informed consent to contribute to this project with biospecimens and clinicopathological data (09.237).

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Montagner, Miguel Ângelo. "Pierre Bourdieu e a saúde: uma sociologia em Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, n. 7 (luglio 2008): 1588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008000700014.

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Este trabalho objetivou colocar em evidência, ilustrar, descrever e comentar a presença da categoria saúde na obra de Pierre Bourdieu, sublinhando os temas tradicionalmente ligados à sociologia do corpo. Após uma análise sistemática do conjunto de sua obra em termos de sociologia médica e da saúde, fez-se o mesmo no que concerne o principal veículo de expressão de sua linha de pensamento, a saber, a revista Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, que consideramos o lugar privilegiado no qual se publicou a maioria dos trabalhos cuja referência teórica era a corrente do "estruturalismo genético" de Bourdieu. Foram analisados os artigos publicados entre 1975 e 2001, tanto do ponto de vista temático quanto teórico e conceitual, comparando as mudanças ocorridas nessa revista em relação à temática até então dominante da Revue Française de Sociologie.

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Massard, V., A. Harlé, L. Uwer e J. L. Merlin. "Mutations du gène ESR1 : du fondamental à la clinique". Oncologie 21, n. 1-4 (gennaio 2019): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/onco-2019-0027.

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L’hormonorésistance acquise constitue l’un des défis majeurs dans le traitement du cancer du sein avancé exprimant le récepteur aux estrogènes (RE) et sans surexpression de HER2. Les mutations activatrices du gène ESR1 affectant le domaine de liaison du ligand ont récemment été identifiées comme l’un des principaux mécanismes de résistance aux inhibiteurs de l’aromatase (IA). Ces mutations peuvent être recherchées sur des prélèvements histologiques ou sur ADN tumoral circulant, par PCR ou séquençage de nouvelle génération (NGS). Elles induisent une activation constitutionnelle du RE conduisant à une résistance acquise aux IA ; le tamoxifène, le fulvestrant et les thérapies ciblées anti-mTOR ou anti-CDK4/6 conservent leur efficacité. La place en pratique clinique de la détection des mutations du gène ESR1 reste encore à définir.

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De Souza, Galileu Galilei Medeiros. "FILOSOFIA COMO TAREFA". Síntese: Revista de Filosofia 45, n. 141 (30 aprile 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21769389v45n141p113/2018.

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Resumo: O artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar o sentido da filosofia como tarefa e algumas consequências que disso advêm, como a superação de limitações epistemológicas relacionadas com a identificação entre conhecimento e reflexão, fundamento de teses sobre o fim da verdade. Toma-se como elemento norteador a filosofia da ação de Maurice Blondel, especialmente recorrendo aos dois escritos que compõem Le point de depart de la recherche philosophique (publicados em janeiro e junho de 1906). Adotando uma metodologia dialética, o presente texto parte do exame da questão da crise da razão e de sua ligação com a interpretação da reflexão como instrumento de conhecimento; são examinadas algumas hipóteses sobre o ponto de partida da filosofia, ligadas ao realismo, ao idealismo crítico e ao intuicionismo; atinge-se, enfim, a individuação do conhecimento em ato, que se mostra um processo de elucidação da prospecção pela reflexão, como o modo de conhecer próprio da pesquisa filosófica.Abstract: This paper aims to highlight the nature of philosophy as a task and show some resulting epistemological consequences, such as the overcoming of epistemological limitations related to the identification between knowledge and reflection, basis of theses on the end of truth. Maurice Blondel´s work, the philosophy of action, will be our guiding element, especially his two writings making up Le point de départ de la recherche philosophique (published in January and June 1906). Using a dialectical methodology, this paper starts by examining the question of the crisis of reason and its connection with the interpretation of reflection as a tool of knowledge. It then examines some assumptions concerning the starting point of philosophy that are related to realism, critical idealism and intuitionism. Finally, it discusses the issue of individuation of knowledge as act which is a process of elucidating prospection through reflection, as the proper way of acquiring knowledge in philosophical research.

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Machinski, Júlio Bernardo. "Modernolatria (Modernolatry)". Cadernos de História 16, n. 25 (18 dicembre 2015): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2237-8871.2015v16n25p396.

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Este texto trata-se da tradução de “Modernolatria”, quinto capítulo da primeira parte do livro "Modernolatria" et "Simultaneità": recherches sur deux tendences dans l'avant-garde littéraire en Italie et en France à la veille de la première guerre mondial, do historiador e tradutor sueco Pär Bergman. Após ter abordado o repúdio dos futuristas por todas as formas de culto ao passado, Bergman trata da fascinação dos artistas ligados à vanguarda italiana em relação às descobertas científicas e aos avanços tecnológicos no início do século XX. Segundo o pesquisador, o neologismo futurista “modernolatria”, num sentido amplo, buscava caracterizar o ambiente juvenil e antitradicionalista geral que serviu de contexto histórico ao movimento. Em sentido restrito, o termo refere-se à temática adotada pelos futuristas em todos os domínios das artes: literatura, pintura, música etc., questão que é tratada mais detidamente ao longo do capítulo. AbstractThis paper refers to portuguese translation of “Modernolatria”, Chapter 5 Part 1 of historian and translator Swedish Pär Bergman’s book, entitled "Modernolatria" et "Simultaneità": recherches sur deux tendences dans l'avant-garde littéraire en Italie et en France à la veille de la première guerre mondial. Having addressed the futurist repudiation for all forms of worship of the past, Bergman deals with the fascination of artists related to the Italian avant-garde for scientific discoveries and technological advances in the early twentieth century. According to researcher, the futuristic neologism "modernolatria" in a broad sense, sought to characterize the youth environment and general anti-traditionalist who served as the historical context to the movement. Strictly speaking, the term refers to the thematic adopted by futurists in all areas of arts: literature, painting, music etc., which are addressed in more detail throughout the chapter.Keywords: Futurism; modernolatry; simultaneity; historical vanguards.

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Vallée, Audrey, Elisabetta Dondi, Jacinthe Bonneau, Christine Leroy, Anne-Gaelle Rio, Marie-Bérengère Troadec, Nadine Varin-Blank, Marie-Dominique Galibert e Virginie Gandemer. "CD9 Alters Migration and Morphology of CD9-Positive B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells". Blood 118, n. 21 (18 novembre 2011): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4623.4623.

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Abstract Abstract 4623 CD9 is a member of the tetraspanin family and has been involved in various pathways. The expression of CD9 has been correlated to the risk of metastases or a poor clinical outcome in various types of cancer. We have previously shown that TEL/AML1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by deregulation of 14 genes, including CD9 gene. Here, we investigated the role of CD9 in cell motility in the context of TEL/AML1-positive ALL. Leukemic blasts isolated from bone marrow of patients and B lineage ALL cell lines that expressed or not CD9 (REH CD9+, Raji CD9- and Raji transfected with CD9) were used for the following assays. For adhesion assay, plates were coated with 1mg/ml superfibronectin. Cells were allowed to attach for 1h30 with or without blocking CD9-antibody (Ab). Adherent cells were quantified using MTS. For migration assay, cells were seeded in the upper chamber on 5mm transwell microporous polycarbonate membranes, treated with different blocking Abs or drugs (CD9-Ab, IgG control, AMD3100) while 100 ng/ml CXCL12 (B-ALL specific chemokine CXCR4 ligand) was added to the medium of the lower chamber. After 5 hours, the migrated cells were recovered from the lower chamber, numbered and analysed by FACS. We showed that the expression of CD9 decreased the ability of lymphoblasts to attach to fibronectin both in cell lines and in patients cells. This effect was reversed by CD9 blocking antibody. Conversely, migration induced by CXCL12 was reduced by anti-CD9 antibody. We also demonstrated an alteration in cell morphology in CD9-positive cells compared to their CD9-negative control cells. We thus provide novel evidence that CD9 is a key player of the CXCR4-mediated migration pathway by promoting actin rearrangement in response to CXCL12. As CXCR4/CXCL12 axis is central for supporting normal and pathological hematopoiesis, our data could highlight the impact of CD9 expression on the abilities of blasts to disseminate and may explain the specific outcome of TEL/AML1 B-ALL, especially in the perspective of late relapses. This work was supported by la Ligue Régionale contre le cancer (Ille et Vilaine) et la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Notebaert, Camille. "SYSTEME ALIMENTAIRE ET POLITIQUES AGRAIRES A L’OMBRE DES POMMIERS-CAJOU: LES DYNAMIQUES AGRAIRES ET ALIMENTAIRES LIEES A L’ANACARDIER DANS LE NORDESTE DU BRESIL (SISTEMA ALIMENTAR E POLÍTICA AGRÁRIA NAS SOMBRAS DOS CAJUEIROS: AS DINÂMICAS AGRÁRIAS E ALIMENTARES LIGADAS AO CAJUEIRO NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL)". Revista GeoNordeste, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2019): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33360/rgn.2318-2695.2019.i2especial.p.6-19.

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RÉSUMÉ:Le cajou (Anacardium occidentale) est traditionnellement consommé et produit dans le Nordeste du Brésil. Nous cherchons à comprendre le passage d’une espèce localisée à une espèce globalisée, les impacts sur les systèmes de production et de consommation de ses dérivés tant dans les recettes que dans le paysage. Nous explorons d’abord le développement de la sphère industrielle et du système de production régional, ensuite la manière dont le cajou est investi dans les mémoires, le territoire et les savoirs locaux associés, enfin nous voyons comment la valorisation économique du cajou peut permettre sa revalorisation auprès des communautés locales favorisant une nouvelle sécurité alimentaire et économique. La méthodologie associe étude bibliographique, observations et entretiens informels dans le cadre de la préparation d’un projet de recherche de terrain en anthropologie.Mots-clef : Pommier-cajou, cajou, systèmes agricoles, alimentation, valorisation économique. RESUMO:O caju (Anacardium occidentale) é tradicionalmente consumido e produzido na região do Nordeste do Brasil. Este artigo tem o objetivo de trazer o entendimento sobre a passagem dessa espécie de localizada à globalizada bem como os impactos nos sistemas de produção e de consumo dos seus derivados tanto nas receitas como nas paisagens. Primeiramente exploramos o desenvolvimento do setor industrial e do sistema de produção regional, depois a maneira como o caju está comprometido nas memórias, no território, e nos saberes locais associados, finalizando com uma reflexão de como a valorização econômica do caju pode permitir a sua revalorização nas comunidades locais, favorecendo uma nova seguridade alimentar e econômica. A metodologia associa pesquisa bibliográfica, observações e entrevistas informais no âmbito da preparação de um projeto de pesquisa antropológica.Palavras-chave: Cajueiro, caju, sistemas agrícolas, alimentação, valorização econômica.

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Soares Mendes, Luiz Augusto, e Wesley Matheus Dos Santos Cardoso. "Valores e usos da natureza amazônica: O artesanato e o potencial conservacionista da entidade agroextrativista “Natureza & Arte” na Comunidade do Cafezal em Barcarena - Pará". AMBIENTES: Revista de Geografia e Ecologia Política 4, n. 1 (30 giugno 2022): 302–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v4i1.27395.

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O presente artigo faz uma abordagem acerca das práticas artesanais desenvolvidas no “bairro” Cafezal, no município de Barcarena, Estado do Pará. Uma atividade que nasce devido à necessidade de conservar a memória territorial e os saberes originários amazônicos, ligados à “sociobiodiversidade”, mas que vem se perdendo mediante aos avanços da “modernização” e o “desenvolvimento” empresarial sob áreas rurais, ribeirinhas e florestais. Contudo, nossa problemática assenta-se em saber: como a prática artesanal local é benéfica para o ambiente e a sociedade do Cafezal? Para responder ao questionamento, objetivou-se inventariar a construção social do Cafezal; avaliar a extensão do impacto sobre as áreas de extração da argila e diagnosticar as (re)configurações sociais, mediante ao avanço do trabalho artesanal na comunidade. A metodologia de pesquisa se pautou em uma pesquisa participante, juntamente a levantamentos documentais, consulta ao acervo pessoal de membros da comunidade do Cafezal, bem como na associação de artesãos e na observação da cadeia produtiva de criação das peças em argila. A pesquisa apresenta como resultado principal a pluralidade dos saberes originários-tradicionais amazônicos, que sofreram e sofrem mudanças ou modificam a própria paisagem do território, seja ela dos contrastes sociais ou do próprio ecossistema. Para tanto, entende-se que o enfoque das discussões a partir das questões da Ecologia Política, coloca-se como imprescindível devido à racionalidade ambiental mantida na localidade, constatando a validez local de um “território dos artesãos”. Palavras-chave: Conservação; Ecologia Política; Racionalidade Ambiental; Território Artesanal. Values and uses of Amazonian nature: Craftsmanship and the potential for conservation of the agroextractivist entity “Nature & Arts” in the Community of Cafezal, Barcarena (state of Pará) Abstract The present article approaches the handcraft practices developed in the “neighborhood” of Cafezal, in the municipality of Barcarena, State of Pará. An activity born due to the need of territorial memory and the original Amazonian knowledge preservation, connected to sociobiodiversity, which is being lost through the advances of “modernization” and corporate “development”, both carried on rural, riparian and forest areas. However, our problem is fixed on knowing: how the artisanal practice is beneficial the local environment and society? In order to answer the question an inventory of the social construction in Cafezal was performed; together with an evaluation of the extension of the impact on the areas of clay extraction and a diagnosis of the social (re)configurations, concerning the advance of artisanal work in the community. The methodology of research was guided by a participant survey, along with documental surveys, consultation to personal archives of the members of Cafezal community and the association of artisans as well as the observation of the productive chain in manufacturing the clay pieces. The research presents as main result the plurality of original-traditional Amazonian knowledge, which suffered or have been suffering changes or modify the landscape of the territory itself, that being of social contrasts or the ecosystem. For such, it is understood that the focus of discussions from the issues of political ecology is essential due to environmental rationality maintained in the locality, noticing the local validity of a “territory of artisans”. Keywords: Conservation; Political Ecology; Environmental Rationality; Artisan Territory. Valeurs et utilisations de la nature amazonienne: L’artisanat et le potentiel conservateur de l’entité agroextrativista "Nature & Art" dans la Communauté du Cafezal à Barcarena (Pará) Résumé Cet article traite des pratiques artisanales développées dans le "quartier" de Cafezal, dans la municipalité de Barcarena, État du Pará. Une activité née de la nécessité de conserver la mémoire territoriale et les savoirs d’origine amazonienne, liés à la sociobiodiversité qui se perd avec les avances de la "modernisation" et du "développement" d’entreprise, tous les deux sur les zones rurales, riveraines et forestières. Cependant, notre problématique cherche à comprendre : comment la pratique artisanale locale est-elle bénéfique pour l’environnement et la société locale? Pour répondre à cette question, l’objectif a été d’inventorier la construction sociale de Cafezal; évaluer l’ampleur de l’impact sur les zones d’extraction de l’argile et de diagnostiquer les (ré)paramètres sociaux, en progressant le travail artisanal dans la communauté. La méthodologie de recherche a été guidée par une recherche participative, ainsi que par des enquêtes documentaires, la consultation de la collection personnelle des membres de la communauté de Cafezal, ainsi que par l’association des artisans et l’observation de la chaîne de production de création des pièces en argile. La recherche présente comme résultat principal la pluralité des connaissances originaires-traditionnelles amazoniennes qui ont subi et qui subissent des changements ou modifient le paysage du territoire, soit concernant des contrastes sociaux ou de l’écosystème lui-même. Pour ce faire, il est entendu que l’approche des discussions à partir des questions de l’écologie politique se pose comme indispensable en raison de la rationalité environnementale maintenue dans la localité, en constatant la validité locale d’un "territoire des artisans". Mots-clés: Conservation; Écologie Politique; Rationalité Environnementale; Territoire Artisanal.

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Castro Benevides, Mario Henrique, e Carlos Henrique Lopes Pinheiro. "NARRATIVAS E TRAJETÓRIAS: abordagens metodológicas a partir da UNILAB". Caderno CRH 31, n. 82 (3 settembre 2018): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v31i82.19826.

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Tomando a realidade da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira (UNILAB) como ponto de partida, discutem-se abordagens teórico-metodológicas das ciências sociais e sua revisão no contexto da “lusofonia”. Diversas metodologias qualitativas são abordadas e desnudadas, considerando-se o contexto de sujeitos sociais ligados aos países da CPLP e ao mundo colonial. Na busca por uma sociologia das falas e uma geografia dos discursos, damos ênfase à importância do cotidiano como base de trabalho e reflexão epistemológica. Pensá-lo continuamente a partir das diferenças relacionais que o contexto lusófono provoca, é parte do resultado da reflexão do pesquisador nessa seara. NARRATIVES AND TRAJECTORIES: methodological approaches from UNILABTaking the reality of the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afrobrasileira (UNILAB) as a starting point, theoreticalmethodological approaches of the social sciences and their revision in the context of “lusophony” are discussed. Several qualitative methodologies are addressed and detailed, considering the context of social subjects linked to the CPLP countries and the colonial world. In the search for a sociology of speech and a geography of discourses, we emphasize the importance of daily life as a basis for work and epistemological reflection. To think of it continually from the relational differences that the lusophone context causes, is part of the result of the researcher’s considerations in this field.Keywords: Methodology. Lusophony. Narratives. Trajectory studies. Higher education. NARRATIVES ET TRAJECTOIRES: approches méthodologiques sur la base de l’UNILABEn prenant comme point de départ la réalité de l’Université pour l’Intégration Internationale de la Lusophonie Afro-brésilienne (UNILAB), nous analysons les approches théoriques et méthodologiques des sciences sociales et nous la reconsidérons dans le cadre de la « lusophonie ». Plusieurs méthodologies qualitatives sont abordées et mises à nu dans le contexte des sujets sociaux liés aux pays de la CPLP et au monde colonial. À la recherche d’une sociologie de la parole et d’une géographie des discours, nous insistons sur l’importance de la vie quotidienne prise comme base de travail et de réflexion épistémologique. Y penser constamment sans perdre de vue les différences relationnelles provoquées par le contexte lusophone, fait partie du résultat de la réflexion du chercheur dans ce champ. Mots-clés: Méthodologie. Lusophonie. Récits. Études de trajectoire. Enseignement supérieur.

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Rojas, Frank, Jebrane Bouaoud, Edwin Parra, Pierre Saintigny, Auriole Tamegnon, Mei Jiang, Shanyu Zhang et al. "938 Study of the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma using multiplex immunofluorescence and image analysis approaches". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (novembre 2021): A984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.938.

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BackgroundHead and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the 8th leading cancer worldwide and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.1 2 Tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic and it plays an important role in head and neck carcinogenesis.3 4 Cytotoxic T-cells, immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), its ligand (PD-L1), and other checkpoints molecules have been described in these tumors.1 3 This study aimed to characterize the TME of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare with their pathology features.MethodsFour microns thickness consecutives slides from representative OSCC (N=46) cases were stained and analyzed using 11 biomarkers (CK, CD3, CD8, CD68, PD1, PDL1, LAG3, TIM3, ICOS, VISTA, OX40) placed in two multiplex immunofluorescence panels to characterize the TME. For image analysis, the samples were divided in tumor, stroma and peritumoral compartment. Co-expression of markers (cell phenotypes) where analyzed as densities by mm2 in each compartment. For PD-L1 expression by malignant cells (CK+PD-L1+) we set up a cutoff of positive case as ≥ than 1%. Cell phenotypes were correlated with anatomopathological information retrieved from records such as tumor size, margin status, stage and perineural, lymphovascular, and bone invasion among others. Statistical analyses and plots were performed using SPSS and Graphpad prism8 software packages.ResultsWe found significant higher cell density for CK+PDL1+ (P= 0.038), CD3+PDL1+ (P= 0.027), CD3+CD8+PDL1+ (P=0.040) in female patients compared with the male population. Interestingly, smaller tumor size (≤ median, 25mm) showed higher densities of CD3+ (P= 0.006), CD3+CD8+ (P= 0.007), CD3+PDL1+ (P= 0.037), CD3+CD8+PDL1+ (P= 0.016), CD3+ICOS+ (P= 0.036), CD3+VISTA+ (P= 0.001), CD68+ (P= 0.001) and CD68+PD-L1+ (P= 0.008) than large tumors. Additionally, high cell density CD3+OX40+ (P= 0.011) was observed in tumors without margin invasion and high cell density for macrophages CD68+ (p= 0.005) in tumors without bone invasion. In ulcerative and infiltrative tumor pattern we observed higher cell density of CD3+PDL1+ (P= 0.020), CD3+CD8+PDL1+ (P=0.006) and CD3+OX40+ (P= 0.022) than non-ulcerate and no infiltrative pattern. Lastly, 58.7% of cases were PDL1+.ConclusionsOur findings of a diminished immune response in larger tumors might be correlated to their potential role in tumor aggressiveness and progression. Furthermore, high cell density of macrophages on tumor bone invasion may suggest an immune suppressive M2 response supported by the presence of PDL1+ expression. All these results can be the first approach for the development of a treatment based of immune interception.AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by a strategic alliance between the Translational Molecular Pathology-Immunoprofiling las (TMP-IL) at the Department Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon and the Department of Translational Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. The authors would acknowledge ITMO Cancer 2020, ”Formation à la Recherche Fondamentale et Translationnelle en Cancérologie” (JB); CLARA 2020 ”Soutien à la mobilité des jeunes chercheurs en oncologie, N° CVPPRCAN000198” (JB); Fondation de France 2020 ”Aide à la mobilité international de médecins et pharmaciens, N° 00112162” (JB); Ligue contre le cancer 2021, comité de Saône-et-Loire (PS); 2017-INCa-DGOS-Inserm_12563: INCa SIRIC-LYriCAN INCa-DGOS-Inserm_12563 (PS)ReferencesCohen EEW, Bell RB, Bifulco CB, Burtness B, Gillison ML, Harrington KJ, et al. The society for immunotherapy of cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). J Immunother Cancer 2019;7(1):184. Bouaoud J, Foy JP, Tortereau A, Michon L, Lavergne V, Gadot N, et al. Early changes in the immune microenvironment of oral potentially malignant disorders reveal an unexpected association of M2 macrophages with oral cancer free survival. Oncoimmunology 2021;10(1):1944554.Mei Z, Huang J, Qiao B, Lam AK. Immune checkpoint pathways in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2020;12(1):16.Yokota T, Homma A, Kiyota N, Tahara M, Hanai N, Asakage T, et al. Immunotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020;50(10):1089–96.Ethics ApprovalThe study was conducted in accordance with all applicable laws, rules, and requests of French and European government authorities. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and the study was approved by the Centre Leon Bérard institutional review board (Lyon, France). Samples were obtained from the CRB Centre Léon Bérard (n°BB-0033-00050) which is quality certified according NFS96-900 French standard and ISO 9001 for clinical trials.

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Spalletta, Marica, e Lorenzo Ugolini. "La gouvernance du journalisme en Italie. Structures, faiblesses, anomalies." Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 3, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2014): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v3.n2.2014.187.

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En Italie, il existe un mécanisme très rigide d’accès à la profession journalistique, ce qui laisserait supposer que la gestion du système de l’information est solide et efficace. Cependant, en pratique, l’activité de ce gouvernement s’est révélée beaucoup moins incisive par rapport aux instruments qui sont mis à sa disposition, et ceci est confirmé par la grave période de crise, non seulement économique, que le système d’information italien traverse depuis des années. Cet submission se propose de réfléchir sur les structures, les faiblesses et les anomalies du système de gouvernement du journalisme italien. Après avoir présenté l’évolution et le rôle actuel de l’organe qui le gouverne, l’Ordine dei giornalisti, cet submission rappelle les résultats de trois différentes recherches, respectivement sur le sujet de la crédibilité du journalisme en Italie, sur les problématiques liées au journalisme politique, et enfin sur le rapport entre journalisme, communication institutionnelle et communication politique. L’objectif de notre réflexion est de comprendre si l’activité de l’Ordine dei Giornalisti s’est révélée régulière et incisive vis-à-vis de ces trois sujets (qui représentent trois « pathologies » du journalisme italien). Les résultats de ces recherches font émerger de nombreuses zones d’ombre, qui montrent que l’Ordine dei Giornalisti ne peut pas être considéré comme capable de faire face aux enjeux que l’évolution du journalisme pose à un système qui, de plus, se trouve dans le grave état de crise économique et de crédibilité. Le problème principal semble être de nature culturelle, et se trouve en amont des autres problématiques qui en découlent : la lacune la plus importante de l’Ordine se trouve dans son évidente incapacité à construire le substrat éthique et de valeurs sur lequel la profession devrait se fonder. Access to the journalistic profession in Italy is controlled by a very rigid mechanism, which would suggest that news industry management is sound and effective. In practice, however, its governing body has proved far less incisive than the instruments available to it would suggest, and this is confirmed by the severe crisis (not only economic) the Italian news industry has faced for years. This submission aims to study the structures, weaknesses and anomalies of the system of governance of Italian journalism. After presenting the evolution and current role of its governing body, the Ordine dei giornalisti, this submission will summarize the results of three studies: respectively on the issue of the credibility of journalism in Italy; on issues relating to political journalism; and finally on the relationship between journalism, institutional communication and political communication. The aim of the study is to gauge whether the activity of the Ordine dei giornalisti has been effective and incisive vis-à-vis these three issues (representing three “pathologies” of Italian journalism). These studies shed light on many grey areas and reveal that the Ordine dei giornalisti cannot be considered capable of meeting the challenges that the evolution of journalism poses to a system that already finds itself in a state of profound crisis, both economic and in terms of credibility. The main problem appears to be cultural and lies upstream of the other issues; the most important shortcoming of the Ordine being its obvious inability to build an ethical substratum of values on which to base the profession. Na Itália, existe um mecanismo bastante rígido de acesso à profissão jornalística, o que daria a impressão de que a gestão do meio jornalístico é sólida e eficaz. Contudo, na prática, a atividade desse tipo de governança se revela bem menos incisiva no uso dos instrumentos disponíveis, o que é confirmado pelo grave período de crise – não apenas econômica – que afeta meio jornalístico há alguns anos. Este artigo se propõe a refletir sobre essas estruturas, sobre as fraquezas e anomalias do sistema de governança do jornalismo italiano. Após ter apresentado a evolução e o papel do órgão responsável por essa gestão, a Ordine dei Giornalisti (“Ordem do Jornalista”), este artigo retoma os resultados de três pesquisas diferentes, que tratam, respectivamente, da credibilidade do jornalismo na Itália, das questões ligadas ao jornalismo político e, por fim, da relação entre jornalismo, comunicação institucional e comunicação política. O objetivo da nossa reflexão é compreender se a atividade da Ordine dei Giornalisti se revela efetivamente regular e incisiva face a esses três assuntos (que representam três “patologias” do jornalismo italiano). Os resultados dessas pesquisas revelam numerosas zonas de sombra e que mostram que a Ordine dei Giornalisti não pode ser considerada capaz de enfrentar as questões ligadas à evolução do jornalismo, instituídas por um sistema que, além do mais, se encontra em um grave momento de crise econômico e de credibilidade. O principal problema parece ser de natureza cultural e se encontra vinculado a outras questões que também emergem: a principal lacuna da Ordine se faz presente na sua clara incapacidade de construir o substrato ético e dos valores sob os quais a profissão deveria se constituir.

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Iesue, Laura, Sallie Hughes, Sonia Virginia Moreira e Monica Sousa. "Risk, Victimization and Coping Strategies of Journalists in Mexico and Brazil". Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 10, n. 1 (15 giugno 2021): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v10.n1.2021.454.

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EN. There is a growing recognition that journalists are exposed to dangerous or hazardous working conditions in many places worldwide. These conditions are suggested to be linked to greater macro-related structural risks, including changes to the political economy of news that increase labor precarity, cultural and identity-based risks from oppressive normative systems, aggressive partisans and extremists, and risks originating from weak or changing enforcement of the rule of law that increases journalists' vulnerability to corrupt officials, security forces and criminal groups. While previous research has linked these structural risks to acts of workplace victimization of journalists, it has not considered how structural risks are connected to the subjective experience of victimization, which includes emotional upheaval and varying coping strategies. Anchoring this study in the sociology of risk literature with general strain theory, this study considers how greater, macro-level structures are tied to journalist’s victimization, emotions and coping using open and closed survey response data from 21 Mexican and 33 Brazilian journalists. Survey data was collected through matched subnational context designs and snowball sampling strategies. Findings show that journalists recalled victimization experiences that were linked to labor market and workplace risks, risks associated with the rule of law, culturally based risks, and identity-based risks. As a result, journalists engaged in short and long-term coping strategies. Coping strategies were also either individualistic or collectivist in nature, with coping strategies ultimately being influenced by country and regional contexts. *** FR. Il est de plus en plus reconnu que les journalistes sont exposés à des conditions de travail risquées ou dangereuses dans de nombreux endroits du monde. On admet par ailleurs que ces conditions sont liées à des risques structurels macroéconomiques plus importants, notamment les changements dans l'économie politique de l'information qui augmentent la précarité de la main-d'œuvre, les risques culturels et identitaires liés à des systèmes normatifs oppressifs, à des partisans et des extrémistes agressifs, et les risques découlant d'une application faible ou mouvante de l'état de droit qui accroît la vulnérabilité des journalistes face aux fonctionnaires corrompus, aux forces de sécurité et aux groupes criminels. Si des recherches antérieures ont établi un lien entre ces risques structurels et les actes de victimisation des journalistes sur leur lieu de travail, elles n'ont pas examiné comment les risques structurels sont liés à l'expérience subjective de la victimisation, qui comprend un bouleversement émotionnel et diverses stratégies d'adaptation. Ancrant cette étude dans la sociologie du risque et la littérature autour de la théorie de la tension générale (general strain theory), cette étude examine comment les structures plus importantes, au niveau macro, sont liées à la victimisation, aux émotions et à l'adaptation des journalistes en utilisant les résultats à une enquête par questions ouvertes et fermées de 21 journalistes mexicains et 33 brésiliens. Les données de l'enquête ont été recueillies dans des contextes subnationaux similaires et grâce à des stratégies d'échantillonnage en boule de neige. Les résultats montrent que les journalistes témoignent d'expériences de victimisation liées aux risques associés au marché et au lieu de travail, à l'État de droit, aux risques culturels et aux risques liés à l'identité. Par conséquent, les journalistes ont adopté des stratégies d'adaptation à court et à long terme. Les stratégies d'adaptation peuvent relever d’une nature individualiste ou collective et elles sont influencées par les contextes nationaux et régionaux. *** PT. Há um reconhecimento crescente de que os jornalistas estão expostos a condições de trabalho arriscadas ou perigosas em muitos lugares do mundo. Sugere-se que essas condições estejam ligadas a maiores riscos estruturais macro-relacionados, incluindo mudanças na economia política de notícias que aumentam a precariedade do trabalho, riscos culturais e de identidade de sistemas normativos opressores, partidários agressivos e extremistas e riscos originados de uma aplicação fraca ou de alterações legais que aumentam a vulnerabilidade dos jornalistas a funcionários corruptos, forças de segurança e grupos criminosos. Embora pesquisas anteriores tenham vinculado esses riscos estruturais a atos de vitimização de jornalistas no local de trabalho, não se considerou como os riscos estruturais estão ligados à experiência subjetiva de vitimização, que inclui distúrbios emocionais e várias estratégias de enfrentamento. Ancorado na sociologia da literatura de risco com a teoria geral da tensão (general strain theory), este estudo considera como estruturas maiores de nível macro estão ligadas à vitimização, emoções e enfrentamento do jornalista usando dados de resposta de pesquisa aberta e fechada de 21 jornalistas mexicanos e 33 brasileiros. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de projetos de contexto subnacional correspondentes e estratégias de amostragem por bola de neve. As descobertas mostram que os jornalistas relembraram experiências de vitimização que estavam relacionadas aos riscos do mercado de trabalho e do local de trabalho, riscos associados ao Estado de direito, riscos de base cultural e riscos de identidade. Como resultado, os jornalistas se engajaram em estratégias de enfrentamento de curto e longo prazo. As estratégias de enfrentamento também eram de natureza individualista ou coletivista, com as estratégias de enfrentamento sendo, em última análise, influenciadas pelos contextos nacionais e regionais. ***

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Cavazzana-Calvo, Marina, Nathalie Cartier, Salima Hacein-Bey Abina, Gabor Veres, Manfred Schmidt, Cynthia Bartholomae, Michel Vidaud et al. "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy Trial with Lentiviral Vector in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy". Blood 112, n. 11 (16 novembre 2008): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.821.821.

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Abstract We report preliminary results in 3 children with cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) who received in September 2006, January 2007 and June 2008 lentiviral vector transduced autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). We have previously demonstrated that cerebral demyelination associated with cerebral ALD can be stopped or reversed within 12–18 months by allogeneic HSC transplantation. The long term beneficial effects of HCT transplantation in ALD are due to the progressive turn-over of brain macrophages (microglia) derived from bone-marrow cells. For the current HSC gene therapy procedure, we used mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells that were transduced ex vivo for 18 hours with a non-replicative HIV1-derived lentiviral vector (CG1711 hALD) at MOI25 and expressing the ALD cDNA under the control of the MND (myeloproliferative sarcoma virus enhancer, negative control region deleted, dl587rev primer binding site substituted) promoter, and in the presence of 4 human recombinant cytokines (Il- 3, Stem Cell Factor [SCF], Flt3-ligand and Megakaryocyte Growth and Differentiation Factor [MGDF]) and CH-296 retronectine. Transduced cells were frozen to perform the required (RCL) safety tests. After thawing and prior to reinjection, 50%, 30% and 40% of transduced CD34+ cells expressed the ALD protein with a mean of 0.7, 0.6 and 0.65 copies of integrated provirus per cell. Transduced CD34+ cells were infused to ALD patients after a conditioning regimen including full doses of cyclophosphamide and busulfan. Hematopoietic recovery occured at day 13–15 post-transplant and the procedure was uneventful. In patient P1 and P2, the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes expressing the ALD protein declined from day 60 to 6 months after gene therapy (GT) and remained stable up to 16 months post-GT. In P1, 9 to 13% of CD14+, CD3+, CD19+ and CD15+ cells expressed ALD protein 16 months post-transplant. In P2 and at the same time-point after transplant, 10 to 18% of CD14+, CD3+, CD19+ and CD15+ cells expressed ALD protein. ALD protein was expressed in 18–20% of bone marrow CD34+ cells from patients P1 and P2, 12 months post-transplant. In patient P3, 20 to 23% of CD3+, CD14+ and CD15+ cells expressed ALD protein 2 months after transplant. Tests assessing vector-derived RCL and vector mobilization were negative up to the last followups in the 3 patients. Integration of the vector was polyclonal and studies of integration sites arein progress. At 16 months post-transplant, HSC gene therapy resulted in neurological effects comparable with allogeneic HSC transplantation in patient P1 and P2. These results support that: ex-vivo HSC gene therapy using HIV1-derived lentiviral vector is not associated with the emergence of RCL and vector mobilization; a high percentage of hematopoietic progenitors were transduced expressing ALD protein in long term; no early evidence of selective advantage of the transduced ALD cells nor clonal expansion were observed. (This clinical trial is sponsored by Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and was conducted in part under a R&D collaboration with Cell Genesys, Inc., South San Francisco, CA)

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Broda, Johanna. "La fiesta de Atlcahualo y el paisaje ritual de la Cuenca de México". Revista Trace, n. 75 (31 gennaio 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.75.2019.143.

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Resumen: Este artículo inicia con el recuerdo de Michel Graulich, con quien compartí el interés por estudiar las fiestas del calendario mexica. En esta aportación se retoman los resultados de numerosas investigaciones que he realizado sobre las fiestas mexicas de los dioses de la lluvia, y las fuentes del siglo XVI que proporcionan información detallada acerca de la realización de ritos en la geografía de la Cuenca. Uno de los aspectos más interesantes de éstos eran los sacrificios de niños que se efectuaban en la estación seca en petición de lluvias. Mediante recorridos de campo en la Cuenca, se registraron los lugares concretos donde estos sacrificios se llevaban a cabo. Se descubre así que estos ritos conformaban un cosmograma de los rumbos del universo y estaban ligados al registro calendárico y la observación astronómica; es decir, estaban basados en las condiciones geográficas y climáticas de la Cuenca en la época mexica.Summary:This article begins by remembering Michel Graulich, with whom I shared the interest in studying the festivals of the Mexica calendar. This contribution picks up on the results of numerous research studies conducted on Mexica festivals of the rain gods and the sources from the sixteenth century that provide detailed information on the rituals held in the Valley area. One of the most interesting aspects of these was the sacrifice of children in the dry season to summon the rains. The exact sites where these sacrifices took place were recorded by making field trips in the Valley. Here, it was discovered that these rituals formed a cosmogram of the bearings of the universe and were linked to calendar registrations and astronomical observations; i.e.; they were based on the geographical and climatic conditions in the Valley during the Mexica era.Résumé : Cet article commence par saluer la mémoire de Michel Graulich, qui partageait mon intérêt pour l’étude des fêtes du calendrier mexica. J’y reprends les résultats de nombreuses recherches que j’ai menées sur les fêtes mexicas des dieux de la pluie, ainsi que les sources du xvie siècle qui fournissent des informations détaillées sur la réalisation de rites dans la géographie du bassin de Mexico. L’un des aspects les plus intéressants de ces rites était le sacrifice d’enfants effectué pendant la saison sèche pour faire venir la pluie. Des visites de terrain nous ont permis de localiser les endroits récis où étaient réalisés ces sacrifices. On a ainsi découvert que les emplacements de ces rites composaient un cosmogramme représentant les directions de l’univers, et qu’ils étaient liés au système calendaire et à l’observation astronomique, ainsi qu’au contexte géographique et aux conditions climatiques du bassin de Mexico à l’époque des Mexicas.

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Sire, Guillaume. "Référenceur et référencement. Cachez ces pratiques que je ne saurais voir". Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 3, n. 1 (15 aprile 2014): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v3.n1.2014.131.

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A partir d’entretiens réalisés chez des éditeurs de presse en ligne français, nous dressons le portrait de plusieurs employés en charge d’optimiser le référencement des documents produits par les journalistes sur les moteurs de recherche, et en particulier sur les listes de liens hypertextes ordonnées par le leader du marché : Google. Ces employés ont un profil hybride, fruit d’une mise en tension de trois composantes de la production : l’aspect technique, l’aspect marketing et l’aspect éditorial. Nous décrivons leurs parcours, leurs motivations et leur place dans l’organisation. Nous expliquons ensuite pourquoi ce que les référenceurs définissent eux-mêmes comme leur « éthique » n’est ni tout à fait celle de Google ni tout à fait celle des journalistes, mais qu’ils orientent leurs actions de manière à satisfaire autant que possible à la fois les critères d’évaluation de Google et la déontologie des journalistes. D’autre part, nous tâchons de montrer comment cet « invisible » de la production journalistique peut agir. Nous expliquons notamment en quoi son action peut avoir une influence sur la ligne éditoriale d’un site de presse, et en particulier sur le choix des sujets traités par les journalistes. Puis nous décrivons les enjeux liés aux négociations entre le référenceur et la rédaction, de l’issue desquelles dépendent en partie la nature et le résultat du processus de production journalistique. Finalement, deux choses distinctes dépendent de l’action du référenceur : d’une part la maximisation du trafic, d’autre part le contrôle exercé par l’entreprise de presse sur les modalités de publication et de diffusion de ses contenus. Si son action réussit parfaitement, l’internaute ne se doutera pas de la présence de certains éléments destinés à optimiser le référencement, car chacun de ces éléments aura un intérêt, et un sens, à ses yeux. From interviews with French online news publishers, we profile several employees responsible for optimizing the ranking of documents produced by journalists on search engines, and in particular hyperlinks ordered by the market leader: Google. These employees have hybrid profiles, the result of the cross-purposes of the three components of production: technical, marketing, and editorial. We describe their careers, their motivations, and their place in the organization. We then explain why what optimizers define as their “ethics” are not quite those of Google, nor quite those of journalists, but directed to satisfy as much as possible both Google assessment and journalistic deontology. We also try to show how this “invisible” aspect of journalistic production may act. More specifically, we attempt to demonstrate how its actions can influence the editorial line of a news website, particularly the choice of subjects handled by journalists. Then we describe the issues related to negotiations between the optimizers and editing, upon which depends in part the nature and outcome of the journalistic production process. Finally, two distinct factors depend on the action of the optimizers: on the one hand, traffic maximization; on the other, the control exercised by publishers on the modalities of publication and dissemination of content. If the action succeeds perfectly, the presence of elements to maximize search engine optimization will be undetectable, as the user will find these elements interesting and meaningful. A partir de entrevistas realizadas junto a editores de veículos online na França, buscamos desenhar o retrato de vários empregados encarregados de otimizar o referenciamento dos documentos produzidos pelos jornalistas em motores de busca, e particularmente nas listas de links hipertextuais organizados pelo líder desse mercado: o Google. Esses empregados possuem um perfil híbrido, fruto de um tensionamento entre três integrantes do processo de produção jornalística: o aspecto técnico, os aspecto mercantil e o aspecto editorial. Neste artigo, descrevemos os percursos, motivações e o lugar ocupado por esses editores em seus veículos. Em seguida, explicamos o motivo desses referenciadores ensejarem uma definição de “ética” própria, que não é nem a do Google, nem a dos jornalistas, e que orienta a ação destes de modo a satisfazer o máximo possível tanto os critérios de avaliação do Google como a deontologia jornalística. Por outro lado, mostramos como esse “invisível” da produção jornalística pode agir. Explicamos, sobretudo, em que sentido sua ação pode influenciar a linha editorial de um site jornalístico, e particularmente sobre as escolhas dos assuntos abordados pelos jornalistas. Em seguida, descrevemos as dinâmicas ligadas às negociações entre o referenciador e a redação, processo no qual a natureza e o resultado da produção jornalística depende parcialmente. Finalmente, dois movimentos distintos dependem da ação do referenciador: por um lado, a maximização do tráfico; por outro, o controle exercido pelo veículo sobre as modalidades de publicação e difusão dos seus conteúdos. Se a sua ação funciona perfeitamente, o internauta não terá dúvidas sobre a presença de certos elementos destinados à otimizar o referenciamento, pois cada um desses elementos terá, na sua opinião, um interesse e um sentido.

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Damian-Gaillard, Béatrice. "Entretiens avec des producteurs de la presse pornographique. Des rencontres semées d’embûches…". Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 1, n. 1 (9 settembre 2012): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v1.n1.2012.12.

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Cet submission propose de s’appuyer sur l’expérience d’une recherche en cours intitulée La presse pornographique : industrie culturelle, identités genrées et orientations sexuelles à l’heure d’Internet pour exposer les obstacles rencontrés et les solutions inventées. En effet, enquêter auprès des producteurs de la presse pornographique nécessite d’inventer de nouvelles façons d’approcher l’objet et le terrain. La définition de l’objet en termes juridique, organisationnel, professionnel et éditorial pose problème, parce qu’il échappe aux circuits institutionnels qui répertorient les titres de presse écrite. Cependant les difficultés ne se résument pas seulement à la délimitation du terrain d’enquête et à son accès, mais s’étendent à l’interaction en face à face. Convaincre un interlocuteur ou une interlocutrice de parler d’un travail déconsidéré, voire subjectivementdévalorisant, puisque socialement illégitime est un exercice délicat. Ici tout particulièrement, le contexte de l’entretien, le genre de la personne qui le conduit ont des incidences sur la mise en confiance de l’enquêté(e). Notre réflexion se fonde sur l’analyse d’une série d’entretiens mis en oeuvre auprès de directeurs de publication, de rédacteurs en chef, de journalistes, de secrétaires de rédaction de la presse pornographique, voire de responsables d’organismes institutionnels du champ journalistique. Nous reviendrons, dans un premier temps, sur les tactiques mises en oeuvre face à un terrain difficile à saisir. Puis, dans un second temps, nous nous attarderons sur le déroulement des entretiens. Nous verrons combien les thématiques soulevées par les questions configurent de façon spécifique l’interaction elle-même, parce qu’elles touchent aux domaines de la sexualité et de l’intime. The purpose of this submission is to benefit from an ongoing research project entitled The pornographic press: cultural industry, gendered identities and sexual orientations in the Internet age to expose obstacles encountered and solutions invented. Indeed, surveying producers of pornographic media requires inventing new ways to approach the object and the field to investigate. The definition of the object in legal, organizational, professional and editorial terms is an issue, because it escapes that list of print titles of institutional circuits. However, the difficulties are not confined only to the delimitation of the field investigation and the access to it, but extend to face to face interaction. Convincing someone to speak of a discredited work, even subjectively stigmatized as socially illegitimate requires skill and tact. Here especially, the context of the interview and the gender of the researcher who leads it have implications for the development of the respondent’s confidence. This presentation is based on the analysis of a series of interviews carried out with editors, journalists, copy editors of the pornographic press or actors of institutional organisations who are a part of the journalistic field. First, we will discuss the tactics conducted in order to delimit the range of this difficult research. Then we will focus on the interview process. We will see how the themes raised by the questions influence the interaction itself, because they touch on areas of sexuality and intimacy. Este artigo se propõe a tomar como ponto de partida a experiência de uma pesquisa em andamento, intitulada A imprensa pornográfica: indústria cultural, identidades genéricas e orientações sexuais em tempos de Internet, para apresentar os obstáculos encontrados e as soluções criadas. De fato, a proposta de se fazer uma investigação junto aos produtores da imprensa pornográfica requer a criação de novas formas de abordagem do objeto e do campo de pesquisa. A definição de objeto em termos jurídico, organizacional, profissional e editorial apresenta problemas porque escapa aos circuitos institucionais de classificação dos veículos da imprensa escrita. No entanto, tais dificuldades não se limitam apenas à delimitação do campo e de seu acesso, mas se estendem à interação face a face. Convencer um interlocutor ou uma interlocutora a falar sobre um trabalho desacreditado, que chega a ser subjetivamente desvalorizado, é um exercício delicado, tendo em vista a ilegitimidade social do objeto. Neste caso particular, o contextoda entrevista, o gênero da pessoa que a conduz incidem na construção da confiança do(a) sujeito(a) pesquisado(a). Nossa reflexão se fundamenta na análise de uma série de entevistasrealizadas com diretores de redação, editores-chefes, jornalistas e secretários de redação da imprensa pornográfica, e ainda com responsáveis por órgãos institucionais do campo jornalístico. Tratamos, em um primeiro momento, das táticas utilizadas para abordar um campo de pesquisa de difícil acesso. A seguir, discutimos a realização das entrevistas. Apresentaremos o número de temáticas originadas e o modo como elas configuram uma forma específica de interação, na medida em que permeiam domínios ligados à sexualidade e à intimidade.

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Michalski, Amanda, e Luciana Riça Mourão Borges. "A geografia das fronteiras no município de Porto Velho: União Bandeirantes e Rio Pardo e os reflexos da negligência da gestão territorial do Estado em Rondônia". AMBIENTES: Revista de Geografia e Ecologia Política 4, n. 2 (28 dicembre 2022): 71–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v4i2.29919.

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O município de Porto Velho, localizado ao norte do estado de Rondônia, situado na Amazônia meridional, apresenta modificações espaciais que nos permitem compreender a dinâmica do espaço agrário rondoniense por meio da expansão da fronteira agrícola que avança em busca de novas áreas para a ampliação da atividade da pecuária e, posteriormente, da monocultura da soja e demais grãos que fazem parte das commodities comercializadas pelo estado. Entre os anos de 1999 e 2018, União Bandeirantes e Rio Pardo expressam formas de ocupação, impactos ambientais, territoriais e sociais similares que fazem parte do processo de expansão da fronteira agrícola. Os reflexos desses impactos estão no aumento do desmatamento e da degradação ambiental que propiciou/propicia pressões, tensionamentos e conflitos nas Áreas Protegidas: Terra Indígena Karipuna, Resex Jacy-Paraná e Floresta Nacional do Bom Futuro. No recorte temporal mencionado (1999-2018), buscamos compreender a materialidade histórica que resultou no avanço do capital agropecuário em áreas de florestas ligadas ao processo de incorporação de terras em larga escala. Essas terras agricultáveis colocam o Brasil na contradição de expansão da agricultura e negligênciamento do Zoneamento Socioeconômico e Ecológico (ZSEE), com reflexos nocivos aos povos indígenas e comunidades tradicionais que são invisibilizados, além das expulsões serem minimizadas, naturalizadas como meras consequências do “desenvolvimento econômico” do país. Ancorados no método dialético e metodologia quali-quantitativa, analisamos os dados de produção agropecuária, desmatamento e extração mineral, como reflexo da negação ao ZSEE em União Bandeirantes e Rio Pardo. Palavras-chave: Fronteira; Pecuária; Campesinato; Desmatamento; Áreas Protegidas. The geography of borders in the municipality of Porto Velho: União Bandeirantes and Rio Pardo and the reflexes of the negligence of the territorial management of the state in Rondônia Abstract Porto Velho is located in the southern Amazon and shows spatial changes that allow us to understand the dynamics of the rural areas in Rondônia state, through the expansion of the agricultural frontier in search of new areas for livestock activity and, later, monoculture of soybeans and other grains that are part of the commodities traded by the state. Between 1999 and 2018, União Bandeirantes and Rio Pardo expressed similar forms of occupation, environmental, territorial and social impacts that are part of the agricultural frontier expansion process. Among impacts are an increase in deforestation and environmental degradation that led/provide pressures, tensions and conflicts in the Protected Areas: Karipuna Indigenous Land, Jacy-Paraná Resex and Bom Futuro National Forest. In this time frame, we aim to understand the historical materiality that resulted from the advance of agricultural capital in forest areas, linked to the process of large-scale land incorporation. These arable lands place Brazil in the contradiction of expanding agriculture and neglecting the Socioeconomic and Ecological Zoning (ZSEE), harmfully affecting indigenous peoples and traditional communities that are made invisible, in addition to their expulsions being minimized, naturalized as consequences of the “economic development” of the country. Anchored in the dialectical method and qualitative-quantitative methodology, we analyzed data on agricultural production, deforestation and mineral extraction, as a reflection of the denial of the ZSEE in União Bandeirantes and Rio Pardo. Keywords: Border; Livestock; Peasantry; Logging; Protected Areas. La géographie des frontières dans la municipalité de Porto Velho: União Bandeirantes et Rio Pardo et les réflexes de la négligence de la gestion territoriale de l'État à Rondônia Resumé La municipalité de Porto Velho, localisée au nord de l'état de Rondônia, située dans le sud de l'Amazonie, présente des changements spatiaux qui nous permettent de comprendre la dynamique de l'espace agraire de Rondônia à travers l'expansion de la frontière agricole qui avance dans la recherche de nouvelles zones pour l'expansion de l'activité d'élevage et, plus tard, la monoculture de soja et d'autres céréales qui font partie des produits de base commercialisés par l'état. Entre les années 1999 et 2018, União Bandeirantes et Rio Pardo montrent des formes similaires d'occupation, d'impacts environnementaux, territoriaux et sociaux qui font partie du processus d'élargissement de la frontière agricole. Les reflets de ces impacts se trouvent dans l'augmentation de la déforestation et de la dégradation de l'environnement qui ont entraîné/provoqué des pressions, des tensions et des conflits dans les Aires Protégées: Terres Indigènes de Karipuna, Resex Jacy-Paraná et Forêt Nationale de Bom Futuro. Dans cette temporalité, nous cherchons à comprendre la matérialité historique qui s'est traduite par l'avancée du capital agricole dans les espaces forestiers liés au processus d'incorporation de terres à grande échelle. Ces terres arables placent le Brésil dans la contradiction de l'expansion de l'agriculture et de la négligence du Zonage Socio-économique et Écologique (ZSEE), se répercutant de manière néfaste sur les peuples autochtones et les communautés traditionnelles qui sont rendus invisibles, en plus des expulsions minimisées, naturalisées comme conséquences du “développement économique” du pays. Ancrés dans la méthode dialectique et la méthodologie qualitative-quantitative, nous avons analysé les données sur la production agricole, la déforestation et l'extraction minière, comme reflet du déni de la ZSEE à União Bandeirantes et Rio Pardo. Mots-clés: Frontière; Bétail; Paysannerie/Paysan; Déboisement; Zones Protégées.

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Marty, Emmanuel, e Annelise Touboul. "La circulation des nouvelles sur l’internet. L’interconnexion médiatique au service du pluralisme ?" Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 2, n. 1 (16 aprile 2013): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v2.n1.2013.72.

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L’submission consiste en une étude pluri-méthodologique du paysage des actualités en ligne, dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche intitulé Internet Pluralisme et Redondance de l’Information. L’étude cherche à repérer, dans le flux de publication comme dans la circulation d’une nouvelle, les éléments de convergence et de reprise, ou au contraire de créativité et de singularisation des différents types de sites d’information (médias en ligne, infomédiaires, sites natifs de l’internet et blogs) à partir de la publication le 8 mars 2011 d’submissions sur un sondage donnant Marine Le Pen en tête des intentions de vote pour l’élection présidentielle de 2012. L’submission répond essentiellement à deux objectifs. Le premier est d’identifier le volume de production de l’information dédié au sujet dans les différents sites en tenant compte de la circulation de la nouvelle dans sa dimension diachronique. Le second est d’identifier certains standards dans la production des différents sites, par l’étude des sources et signatures, du traitement visuel ainsi que de l’usage des liens hypertextes. Les résultats dessinent des lignes de convergence et de divergence entre les différentes catégories de sites. Là où les médias en ligne, les infomédiaires et dans une moindre mesure certains sites natifs de l’internet (les plus professionnalisés) se positionnent sur des stratégies de productivité, de réactivité et de reprise normalisée de l’information, les blogs et une grande partie des sites natifs de l’internet (ceux tournés vers l’amateurisme et la participation) optent pour des valeurs fondées sur la singularité, la créativité, le re-traitement de l’information et la mise en avant d’un réseau de sites « amis », au sein de plateformes techniques néanmoins contraignantes du point de vue de l’interface. The submission consists in a pluri-methodological study of the online news landscape. It draws from a research project titled Internet Pluralism and News Redundancy. Amidst the flow of publication and the circulation of news, this study attempts to identify converging and reused elements, as well as elements of creativity and singularization on different types of news sites (conventional online media, infomediaries such as portals and aggregators, internet pure players, and blogs). It focuses more specifically on a poll that was published on March 8th 2011, referring to vote intentions in favour of Marine Le Pen during the 2012 French Presidential election. The submission has two aims. The first is to identify the volume of news that was produced on that topic on various sites, by taking into account the news’ circulation in its diachronic dimension. The second is to identify standards in the production methods of these various sites, by studying the sources and signatures, the visual editing as well as the use of hypertext links. The results draw lines of convergence and divergence between the various categories of sites. Where conventional online media, infomediaries, and a few internet pure players (those most professional) develop strategies of production, reaction and news re-editing, blogs and many internet pure players (those turned towards amateurism and participation) opt for values of singularity, creativity, the re-editing of news and they promote a network of “friend sites” on the restrictive interfaces of their technical platforms. O artigo consiste em um estudo pluri-metodológico sobre o cenário da produção de informação on-line, no âmbito de um projeto de pesquisa intitulado Pluralismo na Internet e Redundância da Informação. O estudo busca descobrir, tanto no fluxo de publicação como na circulação de uma notícia, os elementos de convergência e de continuidade ou, ao contrário, de criatividade e de singularização, dos diferentes tipos de sites de informação (versões on-line de mídias tradicionais, infomediários, sites de notícias nascidos com a Internet e blogs). Para isso, analisa as matérias publicadas em 8 de março de 2011 sobre uma pesquisa de opinião que colocava Marine Le Pen à frente das intenções de votos na eleição presidencial de 2012 na França. O artigo pretende responder a dois objetivos. O primeiro é identificar o volume de produção da informação dedicada ao assunto nos diferentes sites, levando em conta a circulação da notícia em sua dimensão diacrônica. O segundo é identificar certos padrões na produção de diferentes sites, por meio do estudo das fontes e da autoria dos textos, do tratamento visual, bem como o uso de links hipertextuais. Os resultados apontam para linhas de convergência e divergência entre diferentes categorias de site. De um lado, os veículos on-line, os agregadores de conteúdo e, em menor escala, alguns sites nativos da Internet (os mais profissionalizados) se utilizam de estratégias de produtividade, de reatividade e de continuidade normalizada da informação. Já os blogs e grande parte dos sites nativos da Internet (aqueles mais ligados ao amadorismo e à participação) optam por valores fundamentados na singularidade, na criatividade, no re-tratamento da informação e na utilização de uma rede de sites “amigos”, por meio de plataformas técnicas mas que também possuem constrangimentos do ponto de vista da interface.

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Lopes, Letícia Ferreira, e Maiara Garcia Orlandini. "Curdas na Guerra Civil Síria". Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 11, n. 1 (13 giugno 2022): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v11.n1.2022.475.

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PT. O artigo consiste em uma análise da cobertura jornalística de veículos de comunicação brasileiros sobre a Guerra Civil Síria, com foco na atuação da Yekineyên Parastina Jinê (Unidade de Defesa das Mulheres), conhecida como YPJ. A organização militar que se apresenta como objeto de estudo deste artigo é composta apenas por mulheres curdas com foco em defesa de ataques do governo sírio e do Estado Islâmico. O grupo busca empoderar mulheres, defendendo a igualdade de gênero, especialmente no que diz respeito à elaboração e execução de tarefas militares. Levando em conta as ações inovadoras da YPJ na Guerra Civil Síria junto à problemática dos produtos de mídia ainda presentes no nosso país, este trabalho procurou responder qual o foco das coberturas jornalísticas nacionais sobre as combatentes da YPJ. A partir de uma coleta realizada por meio do Google Notícias, chegamos há setenta notícias online sobre a YPJ, as quais foram analisadas sob a ótica do enquadramento multimodal (Wozniak et al, 2014) e da análise de conteúdo (Bardin, 2011; Krippendorff, 2004). Os operadores analíticos foram desenvolvidas exclusivamente para este trabalho e consideram três eixos, sendo eles: (1) manchete, (2) conteúdo visual e (3) conteúdo textual. Os achados de pesquisas apontam que as matérias brasileiras sobre a atuação da YPJ na Guerra Civil Síria são (i) marcadas por abordagens ligadas às questões bélicas sem aspectos diplomáticos e pela (ii) falta do protagonismo feminino nos enquadramentos midiáticos. A análise também revelou como a cobertura brasileira sobre a YPJ na Guerra Civil Síria é simplista no que tange à guerra, pois não se ateve às explicações pertinentes sobre o conflito, ou as questões atreladas à gênero, uma vez que não ofereceu espaço para que problematizações importantes sobre os feitios e condições de vida das combatentes fossem divulgados. *** EN. The article provides an analysis of the journalistic coverage of Brazilian media outlets about the Syrian Civil War, with focus on the performance of Yekineyên Parastina Jinê (Women's Defense Unit), known as YPJ. The military organization that is presented as the object of study of this article is composed only of Kurdish women focused on defending attacks by the Syrian government and the Islamic State. The group seeks to empower women by advocating gender equality, especially concerning the design and execution of military tasks. Taking into account the YPJ's innovative actions in the Syrian Civil War along with the problem of media products still present in our country, this work sought to answer the focus of national journalistic coverage on YPJ fighters. From a collection carried out through Google News, there is seventy online news about the YPJ, which were analyzed from the perspective of the multimodal framework (Wozniak et al, 2014) and content analysis (Bardin, 2011; Krippendorff, 2004). The analytical operators were developed exclusively for this work and consider three axes, namely: (1) headline, (2) visual content, and (3) textual content. Research findings indicate that Brazilian articles on the role of the YPJ in the Syrian Civil War are (i) marked by approaches linked to war issues without diplomatic aspects and by (ii) the lack of female protagonists in the media frameworks. The analysis reveals how the Brazilian coverage of YPJ in the Syrian Civil War has a shallow character both in terms of war, as it did not stick to the pertinent explanations about the conflict, as to gender, since it did not offer space for important problematizations about the characteristics and living conditions of the combatants were made public. *** FR. L'article présente une analyse de la couverture par les médias brésiliens de la guerre civile syrienne, en se penchant sur l’action de la Yekineyên Parastina Jinê (Unité de défense des femmes), connue sous l’acronyme YPJ. Cette organisation militaire, objet de l’étude, est composée exclusivement de femmes kurdes engagées à défendre la population contre les assauts du gouvernement syrien et de l'État islamique. Ce groupe a pour but d’autonomiser les femmes, en prônant l'égalité des genres, notamment en termes de conception et d'exécution des tâches militaires. En se penchant sur les actions innovantes de la YPJ dans la guerre civile syrienne ainsi que sur la problématique des produits médiatiques au Brésil, il s’agit ici de comprendre quel aspect est mis en relief par les couvertures médiatiques brésiliennes sur les combattantes de la YPJ. Le corpus, constitué de soixante-dix articles d'actualité en ligne sur la YPJ, recueillis sur le site Google News, a été analysé sous l'angle du cadrage multimodal (Wozniak et al, 2014) et de l'analyse de contenu (Bardin, 2011 ; Krippendorff, 2004). Les opérateurs analytiques, définis exclusivement pour ce travail, considèrent les données sous trois angles : (1) les gros-titres, (2) le contenu visuel et (3) le contenu textuel. Les résultats de la recherche indiquent que les articles de presse brésiliens sur les actions de la YPJ dans la guerre civile syrienne sont (i) marqués par des approches relatives aux questions de guerre sans tenir compte des aspects diplomatiques et (ii) par l'absence de protagonisme féminin dans les cadrages médiatiques. L'analyse révèle que la couverture brésilienne de la YPJ dans la guerre civile syrienne est superficielle tant sur le plan de la guerre elle-même, car elle ne s'en tient pas aux explications pertinentes sur le conflit, que sur celui du genre, aucun espace n’étant ouvert aux problématisations, pourtant centrales, sur les caractéristiques et les conditions de vie des combattantes. ***

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Codes, Ana Luiza. "MODELAGEM DE EQUAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS: um método para a análise de fenômenos complexos". Caderno CRH 18, n. 45 (21 agosto 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v18i45.18540.

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Este artigo oferece uma descrição geral da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE), uma técnica que se destaca entre os métodos quantitativos de pesquisa social por sua alta capacidade de articulação de variáveis. Suas principais características são aqui explanadas de modo simples e acessível aos pesquisadores sociais, em vez de se priorizarem detalhes técnicos de sua utilização. Abordam-se temas ligados à aferição do ajuste desse tipo de modelo aos erros de mensuração de variáveis e ao processo de estimação. Com isso, visa-se a contribuir para a compreensão das potencialidades dessa técnica nova e ainda pouco utilizada nos estudos sociais no Brasil e para o avanço no uso de métodos quantitativos mais sofisticados na área. Ao final, indica-se a MEE como um método adequado ao estudo de fenômenos complexos, que envolvem múltiplos fatores. Palavras-chave: modelagem de equações estruturais, métodos quantitativos de pesquisa social, análise multivariada, articulação de variáveis, análise de fenômenos sociais complexos. Structural Equation Modeling: a Method to Analyze the Complex Phenomena Ana Luiza Machado de Codes This paper presents a general description of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), a technique that stands out amongst the quantitative methods for social research thanks to its high capacity of articulating variables. Here its main characteristics are explained to the social researchers in a simple and accessible way, instead of giving priority to the technical details for its use. Topics are addressed to check the adjustment of this model, to measure mistakes and to estimate process. Thus, the aim is to contribute to the understanding of the potentiality of this new technique that is seldom used in social studies in Brazil and to the advancement of the use of most sophisticated quantitative methods in this field. Summing up, SME presents itself as an adequate method to study the complex phenomena with multiple factors. Key words: structural equation modeling, quantitative methods of social research, multivariate analysis, articulation of variables, analysis of complex social phenomena.Modelage D’équations structurelles: une méthode pour l’Analyse de Phénomènes Complexes Ana Luiza Machado de Codes L’article présente une description générale du Modelage d’Equations Structurelles (MES), technique en évidence parmi les méthodes quantitatives de recherche sociale vu sa capacité élevée de recoupement des variables. Ses caractéristiques principales sont présentées ici de manière simple et accessible pour les chercheurs sociaux plutôt que de donner une priorité aux détails techniques de son utilisation. On y aborde les thèmes liés à la vérification de l’ajustement de ce type de modèle, aux erreurs de calcul des variables et au processus d’estimation. L’intention est de contribuer ainsi, non seulement à la compréhension des potentialités de cette technique nouvelle et encore peu utilisée dans les études sociales au Brésil, mais aussi à faire avancer l’utilisation de méthodes quantitatives plus sophistiquées dans ce domaine. Finalement, il s’avère que la MES est une méthode adéquate à l’étude de phénomènes complexes comprenant de multiples facteurs. Mots Clés: modelage des équations structurelles, méthodes quantitatives de recherche sociale, analyse multi variée, articulation de variables, analyse de phénomènes sociaux complexes. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

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Monte, Nietta Lindenberg. "Educação indígena e bilingüismo: o caso do Acre". Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos 73, n. 173 (18 giugno 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.73i173.1266.

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Analisa algumas variáveis sociolingüísticas relativas à utilização e ao ensino das línguas indígenas e portuguesa, para além da atitude e da consciência lingüística dos índios professores que as ensinam e de seus alunos e parentes envolvidos no projeto de educação coordenado pela equipe desta pesquisa. A vivência social de um bilingüismo equilibrado tem sido a meta da maioria dos projetos ligados ao futuro dos índios. Para tal, vem sendo enfatizada a necessidade de elaboração de currículos bilíngües para as escolas indígenas brasileiras, a exemplo do que ocorre em outros países do continente. Essa necessidade se coloca em regime de urgência, visto estarmos longe de um bilingüismo harmônico; ao contrário, temos assistido à coexistência conflituosa e assimétrica das línguas indígenas com a língua nacional, com fortes indícios históricos de progressiva expansão do português e retração ou desaparecimento das línguas indígenas. Abstract A research on bilingualism has been conducted involving indians as teachers, their students and relatives. This article portraits some sociolinguistic variables related to the teaching and usages ofPortuguese and indians' languages, surpassing the attitudes and linguistic awareness of the people concerned. Facts reveal a conflictant and disadvantageous coexistence coexistence between Portuguese and indians' languages. The historical trends point out to a progressive expansion ofPortuguese among indians and the fading out of the native languages. Since ali projects related to indians survival socialization in this continent are commited with balanced bilingual experiences, special bilingual curricula are urgently recommended, in Search for a harmonious bilingualism stillfarfrom our reach. Résumé Cet article fait Vanalyse de quelques variables socio-linguistiques concernantVemploi et l 'enseignementdes langues indigènes etportugaise, au-delà de l 'attitude et de Ia conscience linguistique des maitres indigènes qui les apprennent et de leurs eleves et parents qui sont dans le projet d'education coordonnépar Vequipe de cette recherche. Le contactsocial d'un bilinguisme equilibre est le but de Ia plupart des projets lies à 1'avenir des indigènes. Pour ça, on renforce toujours Ia necessite d 'élaboration des programmes bilingües pour les écoles indigènes brésiliennes, suivant Vexemple d'autrespaysdu continent. Ce besoin se pose en regime d'urgence parce que nous sommes bien lointains d'un bilinguisme harmonieux; au contraire nous assistons à une co-existence d 'antagonisme des langues indigènes avec Ia langue nationale, avec des forts signes historiques d 'expansion progressive du portugais et rétraction ou rétraction et disparition des langues indigènes. Resumen Analiza algunas variables sociolingüísticas relativas a la utilización yala ensenanza de lenguas indígenasy portuguesa, además de la actitud y de Ia consciência lingüística de los índiosprofesores, que las enseiian, y de sus alumnos y parientes involucrados en elproyecto de educación, coordinado por el equipo de esta investigación. La vivência social de un bilingüismo equilibrado ha sido la meta de la mayoría de los proyectos ligados ai futuro de los indios. Para tal efecto se ha enfatizado la necesidad de elaborar currículos bilingües para las escuelas indígenas brasileiras, a ejemplo de Io que ocurre en otrospaíses dei continente. Esa necesidad se coloca en régimen de urgência, en vista que estamos lejos de un bilingüismo armónico; al contrario, hemos asistido a la coexistência conflictiva y asimétrica de las lenguas indígenas con Ia lengua nacional, confuertes indícios históricos de progresiva expansion de português e impedir el desaparecimiento de las lenguas indígenas.

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Fligstein, Neil, e Luke Dauter. "A SOCIOLOGIA DOS MERCADOS". Caderno CRH 25, n. 66 (18 giugno 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v25i66.19426.

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A sociologia dos mercados tem sido um dos campos mais vibrantes da sociologia nos últimos 25 anos. Há uma boa dose de concordância de que os mercados são estruturas sociais caracterizadas por relações sociais extensas entre firmas, trabalhadores, fornecedores, clientes e governos. No entanto, assim como em tantas literaturas sociológicas, os campos teóricos que se formaram com frequência parecem falar sem levar os demais em consideração. Nós demonstramos que parte das discordâncias entre os campos teóricos se deve a diferenças na linguagem conceitual, e outras discordâncias estão ligadas ao fato de que os campos teóricos ignoram os conceitos em outros campos, o que torna suas teorias menos completas. Nós terminamos discutindo controvérsias mais profundas na literatura que parecem abertas tanto a novas conceptualizações, quanto a pesquisa empírica adicional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Campos. Redes. Instituições. Performatividade. Cultura. Política. THE SOCIOLOGY OF MARKETS Neil Fligstein Luke Dauter Market Sociology has been one of the most vibrant fields in Sociology in the past 25 years. There is a great deal of agreement that markets are social structures characterized by extensive social relationships between firms, workers, suppliers, customers and governments. But, like in many sociological literatures, the theory camps that have formed often seem to speak by each other. We show that some of the disagreement between the theory camps is due to differences in conceptual language, and other disagreements stem from the fact that theory camps ignore the concepts in other theory camps, thereby making their theories less complete. We end by considering deeper controversies in the literature that seem open both to new conceptualization and to further empirical research. KEY WORDS: fields, networks, institutions, performativity, culture, politics. LA SOCIOLOGIE DES MARCHÉS Neil Fligstein Luke Dauter La Sociologie des Marchés a été l’un des domaines les plus dynamiques de la Sociologie au cours des 25 dernières années. Il existe un assez large consensus considérant les marchés comme des structures sociales caractérisées par de vastes relations sociales entre les entreprises, les travailleurs, les fournisseurs, les clients et les gouvernements. Cependant, comme c’est le cas pour de nombreuses références sociologiques, les nouveaux champs théoriques semblent souvent s’affirmer sans prendre en considération les autres champs. Nous démontrons que certains désaccords entre les différents champs théoriques sont dus en partie au langage conceptuel mais aussi au fait que ces champs théoriques ne tiennent pas compte des concepts des autres domaines, ce qui fait que leurs théories restent incomplètes. Finalement nous analysons des controverses plus profondes dans des études réalisées qui sembleraient plus ouvertes autant à de nouvelles conceptualisations qu’à une recherche empirique complémentaire. MOTS-CLÉS: champs, réseaux, institutions, performativité, culture, politique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

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Cunha, Reinaldo de Montalvão. "Razão e política: a cultura como princípio educativo". Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos 76, n. 182/183 (18 giugno 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.76i182/183.1113.

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A modernidade iniciou a crítica dos antigos promovendo a ruptura entre o público e o privado, retirando do primeiro a idéia de princípios ético-morais universais, substituindo-os por interesses. Assim a modernidade vai transformar-se no auto da razão, em nome do perseguir de interesses ligados à razão instrumental. Este fato justifica a "crise " de valores que perpassa as sociedades contemporâneas. Decorrente disto, no campo da análise, da pesquisa, è de suma importância a busca de recomposição de saberes para além da razão instrumental. Neste texto, a educação é pensada pelo autor como princípio formador de vontade política, no contexto de produção democrática da cultura. Aí a educação encontra seu papel de mediador político. Categorizado como processo de desideologização, o ato pedagógico torna-se um instrumento deformação democrática da vontade política: elimna por ato de reflexão as vontades que nascem das contradições da realidade e, através de um processo discursivo, revela o lado oculto da ideologia, produzindo desejos que se manifestam em atos práticos concretos da ação política. Diante da crise dos paradigmas científicos na área da sociologia, especialmente na de política, o autor refuta os referenciais teóricos de autores que realizaram análises do tema educação na rota de exames e (re)exames das relações entre educação e estrutura econômico-social capitalista. A compreensão da conexão entre forças produtivas e relações de produção, em que o papel político da educação é analisado segundo um modelo dualista de classes sociais, não responde mais à atual realidade social e política de um capitalismo "renovado". Isso instiga um (re)pensar da educação. Abstract Modernity started a criticism of the old, causing the rupture between the public and the private, removing from the first the idea of universal ethical-moral principles, substituting them for interests. This modernity becomes the cuit of reason, under the purpose of pursuing interests linked to the instrumental reason. This fact justifies the "crisis" of values that contemporary societies undergo. Asa residi, (in the analysis and researches developed) it is extremely important to search for the rearrangement of knowledge beyond the instrumental reason. In this text, education is wiewed by the author as a principle able to shape politic will in the context of democratic production of culture. Education has the role of political mediator. The pedagogic act, considered a "desideologización" process, becomes an instrument for democratic shaping of the politic will: it removes through reflexion the wills that emerge from contradictions of reality and trough a discursive process discloses the occult face of ideology, producing wishes that show themselves trough concrete practical acts. Given the crisis of scientific paradigms in (he area of the sociology, especially in Political Science, the author denies theoretical approaches of authors who developed studies in education through the analysis of the relationships between Education in the Capitalist Social-Economical Structure. The understanding of the connection between productive forces and production relations where the political role of education is analized according to a dualistic model of social classes does not grasp any more the social and political reality of a "renewed" capitalism. This induces to (re)think Education. Résumé La modernité a comencé la critique aux antiques en provoquant la rupture entre le public et le privé, en retirant du premier l'idée de principes éthico-morals universels en les remplaçant pour des intérêts liés à la raison instrumentale. Ce fait justifie la "crise" de valeurs qui touche les sociétés contemporaines. A cause de cela, dans le domaine de l'analyse et de la recherche, c 'est très important la recherche de récomposition de savoirs pour au-delà de la raison instrumentale. En ce texte l'éducation est pensée par l'auteur comme principe formateur de volonté politique dans le contexte de production démocratique de la culture. Alors, l'éducation trouve son rôle, c 'est-à-dire elle va devenir la médiatrice politique et s'assume catégoriquement comme un processus de désidéologisation. Ainsi, l'actepédagogique est devenu un instrument deformation démocratique de la volonté politique: l'éducation élimine par l'acte de réflexion les volontés qui naissent des contradictions de la réalité et à travers un processus discursif qui dévoile le côté oculte de l'idéologie en produisant des souhaits qui se manifestent en actes pratiques concrets de l'action politique. Devant cette crise des paradigmes scientifiques, dans le domaine de la sociologie, spécialement dans le champ politique, l'auteur refuse les références théoriques d'auteurs qui ont réalisé des analyses sur le même thème éducatif dans les sens d'examens et (re)examens des relations entre l'éducation et la structure économique-sociale capitaliste. La compréhension de ¡a connexion forces productives et relations de production dont le rôle politico-social est analysé selon un modèle dualiste de classes sociales qui ne répond plus à l'actuelle réalité sociale el politique d'un capitalisme "renouvelé". Cela provoque en nous un (re)penser de l'éducation. Resumen La modernidad empezó la crítica de los antiguos promoviendo la ruptura entre el público y el privado, retirando del primer la idea de principios ético-morales universales substituiendo-lospor intereses. Así, la modernidad va a transformarse en el culto de la razón, en nombre del perseguir de intereses ligados a la razón instrumental. Este hecho justifica la crisis de valores queperpasa las sociedades contemporáneas. A causa de esto, en el campo de la análisis, de la pesquisa, es muy importante la busca de recomposición de saberes a los lejos de la razón instrumental. En este texto la educación es pensada por el autor como principio formador de volontadpolítica en el contexto de producción democrática de la cultura. Ahi, la educación encuentra su tarea de mediador político. Categorizado como proceso de desideologización, el acto pedagógico va a ser un instrumento deformación democrático de la volontad política: elimina por acto de reflexión las volontades que nacen de las contradicciones de la realidad y através de un proceso discursivo revela el lado oculto de la ideologia produciendo deseos que se manifestán en actos prácticos concretos de la acción política. Frente la crisis de paradigmas científicos en la area de la sociologia, especialmente en la de política, el autor rechaza los referenciales teóricos de autores que realizaran algunas análises del tema educación en el rumo de examenes y (re)examenes de las relaciones entre Educación y Estructura Economicasocial capitalista. La comprensión de la conexión fuerzas productivas y relaciones de producción onde el papel político de la educación es analizado según un modelo dualista de clases sociales que no responde más a la actual realidad social y política de un capitalismo (renovado). Esto instiga un (re)pensar de la Educación.

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Devos, Melody, Paula Diaz Vidal, Jason Bouziotis, Ellen Anckaert, Marie-Madeleine Dolmans e Isabelle Demeestere. "Impact of first chemotherapy exposure on follicle activation and survival in human cryopreserved ovarian tissue". Human Reproduction, 1 febbraio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead013.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does chemotherapy exposure prior to ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) impact the signaling pathways governing follicle activation and survival for prepubertal and postpubertal patients? SUMMARY ANSWER Chemotherapy exposure prior OTC increases follicle apoptosis rates but not follicular activation, although the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo signaling pathways were modified in the cortex. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY OTC is currently the only available fertility preservation procedure for children and for patients who have already started their treatment. While previous studies have not observed harmful impacts of first chemotherapy exposure on OTC outcomes, the consequences of treatment on follicle activation and survival need to be further investigated. To address this question, we evaluated signaling pathway modifications induced by chemotherapy exposure according to pubertal status. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cryopreserved ovarian tissues from postpubertal (12–29 years old, n = 8) and prepubertal (3–10 years old, n = 8) cancer patients donated for research were thawed and cultured for 24 h. Analyses of the survival of the follicles and stroma, and of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo signaling pathways, were conducted at thawing and after culture. Ovarian fragments exposed to chemotherapy before collection were compared to non-exposed controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Histological investigations were performed to assess the distribution of the follicles, stroma fibrosis, vessel integrity, and apoptosis levels. It included follicular counting, collagen staining, immunostaining on CD31 and gH2AX, as well as TUNEL staining. To explore follicle activation in the different groups, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo signaling pathways were investigated by gene expression analyses of isolated follicles and protein analyses on whole fragments through western blots and immunostaining. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We first assessed the impact of a first exposure to chemotherapy on the collagen density and vessels in ovarian tissues at thawing and after culture. While no differences in collagen density were observed according to age or previous treatment, the vascularization area (CD31+) was significantly lower in tissue from previously exposed patients compared to non-treated ones. Apoptosis analyses (TUNEL) revealed an acute deleterious impact on follicle survival after chemotherapy exposure without affecting the follicular density. Surprisingly, leukemic patients had a significantly higher percentage of gH2AX-positive follicles, indicating a DNA damage response, compared to the other patients. The proportion of activated follicles appeared to decrease following exposure to chemotherapy, suggesting that it at least did not increase activation process. Stable KIT LIGAND gene and protein expression and cKIT protein levels were observed among the groups, confirming the absence of activation. Analysis of the PI3K pathway did not reveal a difference in the AKT phosphorylation level between the groups, but pRPS6 was significantly higher in tissue from patients previously exposed to chemotherapy compared to that from non-exposed patients. Finally, protein and gene analyses on Hippo pathway signaling showed a higher LATS1 protein level in the cortex after chemotherapy exposure. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The heterogeneity of the human fragments, and the limited number of patients included in the cohort have to be considered as important study limitations. Moreover, this study did not explore the long-term consequences of chemotherapy on follicular development. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These results underscore the deleterious effect of previous chemotherapeutic treatment on follicle survival. Although follicular density was not reduced, these data suggested that exposure to chemotherapy impacts follicular apoptosis and the DNA damage response. Chemotherapy-induced activation was not observed despite the impact on mTOR and Hippo signaling pathways in the whole cortex. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by an Excellence of Science (EOS) Grant (ID: 30443682) and was supported by Fonds Erasme. I.D. and M.-M.D. are associate researchers at Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (FNRS). There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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Rollinat, Robert. "NOVA FASE DA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL E A CRISE DO EURO: a China, a Europa e a América". Caderno CRH 26, n. 67 (18 ottobre 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v26i67.19488.

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Aborda-se, aqui, as causas profundas da crise e as formas que ela tomou durante os últimos cinco anos, particularmente sobre a gigantesca concorrência, verdadeira “guerra de moedas”. Para além da “crônica de acontecimentos” da crise – suas dimensões financeira e monetária, crise das dívidas “soberanas”, o futuro e a “sobrevida” do euro – busca-se a problemática que circunscreve esta crise desde 2008. O fio condutor, capaz de abarcar seu processo, continua sendo aquele da análise do processo real, baseado no método e na teoria de Marx, através da evolução do capitalismo de “concorrência”. Revela-se a importância da concorrência e o fato de que, atualmente, ela também tende a se exacerbar. Evidenciam-se as novas condições de valorização do capital e a busca pelo lucro, em processos complexos de destruição-criação de valor e se ilustram, também, os mecanismos ligados à superacumulação do capital, à superprodução de mercadorias dela decorrentes. Marx nos ajuda a compreender que, para sobreviver, o capitalismo deve continuar “extorquindo” a mais-valia, a qualquer preço. É um imperativo absoluto para sua reprodução e o que hoje lhe confere um caráter predador e brutal em todos os domínios da vida social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Capital. Trabalho. Finanças. Destruição de valores. Crise mundial. NEW PHASE IN THE WORLD ECONOMY AND THE EURO CRISIS: China, Europe and America Robert Rollinot This text is about the deeply underlying causes of the crisis and its manifestations over the past five years, particularly regarding the intense competition, truly a “currency war.” Beyond the “chronicle of events” of the crisis – its financial and monetary dimensions, a crisis of “sovereign” debts, the Euro’s future and its “afterlife” – the author seeks out the problematic that has hovered over this crisis since 2008. The guiding principle capable of grasping its process is still the analysis of real process, based on Marx’s method and theory, through the evolution of “competitive” capitalism. The importance of competition and also its current tendency for intensification have been revealed. New conditions of capital appreciation and profit-seeking have become evident in complex processes of destruction-creation of value, and they also illustrate the mechanisms linked to super-accumulation of capital to the resulting super-production of goods. Marx helps us understand that in order for capitalism to survive, it must keep “extorting” the surplus value, whatever the cost. It is an absolute imperative for it to reproduce, and today this gives it a brutal predatory character in all societal domains. KEY WORDS: Capital. Labor. Finance. Destruction of values. World crisis. NOUVELLE PHASE DE L’ECONOMIE MONDIALE ET LA CRISE DE L’EURO: la Chine, l´Europe et l´Amérique Robert Rollinat Ce texte c´est une réflexion sur les causes profondes de la crise et sur les formes qu´elle a prises pendant les cinq dernières années tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne à la gigantesque concurrence qui est devenu une véritable “ guerre des monnaies “. Il s’agit en fait, par-delà de la “ chronique des évènements “ de la crise, - en particulier dans leur dimension financière et monétaire, crise des dettes “ souveraines “, avenir et “ survie “ de l’euro - de rappeler dans quelle problématique cette crise s’est inscrite depuis 2008. Le fil conducteur capable de saisir son processus reste celui de l’analyse du processus réel basée sur la méthode et la théorie de Marx à travers l’évolution du capitalisme de “ concurrence “. La crise “ révèle “ l´importance de la concurrence et le fait qui aujourd´hui elle tend aussi à s’exacerber. Elle met donc en évidence les nouvelles conditions de valorisation du capital et de recherche du profit. Elle se traduit par des processus complexes et différenciés de “ destruction-création “ de valeur et illustre aussi les mécanismes liés à la “suracumulation “ du capital, à la surproduction de marchandises (toujours relative) qui en découle. La référence à Marx nous aide à comprendre que pour survivre, le capitalisme doit continuer à tout prix à “ extorquer “ la plus-value pour réaliser le profit. C’est un impératif absolu pour le fonctionnement du système mais aussi pour sa reproduction. C’est ce qui aujourd’hui lui donne ce caractère prédateur et brutal, non seulement au niveau du travail et de l’emploi, mais dans tous les domaines de la vie sociale. MOTS-CLÉS: Capital. Travail. Finances. Destruction des valeurs. Crise mondiale. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

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Moraes, Euzi Rodrigues. "A questão da alfabetização: uma década de estudos e pesquisas". Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos 73, n. 175 (18 giugno 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.73i175.1230.

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Registra o trabalho realizado por um grupo de professoras e pesquisadoras ligadas ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, em Vitória-ES, durante um período de dez anos. Inicialmente, o grupo era formado por três alunas do mestrado em Educação, sob nossa orientação, cujo interesse se centrava na aquisição da escrita por crianças, jovens e adultos. Com o passar do tempo, o núcleo original transformou-se em um grupo de estudos e pesquisas que incorporava alunos da pós-graduação e professoras, e que atuava dentro e fora da universidade. Esta breve história introduz os principais aspectos do trabalho, aponta e analisa seu caráter científico e seus resultados práticos, e oferece uma lista de trabalhos publicados e inéditos com o objetivo de dar substância ao relato e facilitar o acesso do leitor às ideias do grupo. Abstract In this article an attempt is made to record the work carried out by a group of teachers and researchers attached to the Post-Graduate Programme in Education of the Espírito Santo Federal University, in Vitória-ES, Brazil, over lhe past 10 years. At its outset, the group consisted of 3 post-graduate students pursuing their Master's Degree in Education while focussing their studies on child and adult literacy acquisition, under the supervision ofthe author. Wiyh the passing of time, this original nucleus grew into a study and research group which incorporated both post-graduate students and school teachers, acting inside and outside the university. This brief history introduces the main features of the work, points out and analyses its scientific aspects and practical results, and offers a list of published and unpublished titles produced by the group, to substantiate the report presented and to facilitate access to the group's ideas. Résumé Dans cet article l'auteur essaye d'enregistrer le travail réalisé par un groupe de professeurs et de chercheurs liés au Programme de Spécialisation en Education de l'Université Fédérale de l'Espírito Santo, à Vitória-ES, Brésil, dans la période de 10 ans. D'abord, le groupe était forme par 3 eléves du "mestrado " en Education, dont l'intérêt était axé sur l'acquisition de l'ècrit par des enfants, des jeunes et des adultes, sous l'orientation de l'auteur. Quelque temps après, le noyau original s'est transforme en groupe d'études et de recherches qui incorporait des élèves de la Spécialisation et des professeurs, et qui opérait dans et hors l 'Université. Cette breve histoire introduit les principaux aspects du travail, signale et analyse son caractere scientifique et des resultais pratiques, et offre une liste de travaux publiés et inédits dont l'objectif c'est de donner de la substance au rapport et de faciliter l'accès du lecteur aux idées du groupe. Resumen En este artículo, la autora trata de mostrar el trabajo realizado por un grupo de profesoras e investigadoras, vinculadas al Programa de Posgraduación en Educación de la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo, en Vitória-ES, Brasil, durante un período de 10 años. Inicialmente, el grupo era formado por 3 alumnas del mestrado en Educación, cuyo interés se centraba en el aprendizado de la escritura por niños, jóvenes y adultos, bajo la orientación de la autora. Con el pasar del tiempo, el núcleo original se transformo en un grupo de estúdios e investigación, que incluía alumnos de posgraduación y profesoras, y actuaba dentro y fuera de la Universidad. Esta breve historia muestra los principales aspectos del trabajo, apunta y analiza su carácter científico y resultados prácticos, y ofrece una lista de trabajos publicados e inéditos, con el objetivo de dar consistência al relato, y posibilitar el acceso del lector a las ideas del grupo.

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