Tesi sul tema "Récepteurs CXCR2"
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Le, Du Julie. "Développement d'antagonistes des récepteurs CXCR2 contre les pathologies angiogéniques oculaires et le cancer". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5067.
Testo completoAngiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels, plays a crucial role in the progression of various cancers and ocular diseases. CXCR2 chemokine receptors are implicated in these processes by mediating cell proliferation, inflammation, and the formation of new blood vessels. This thesis aims to develop CXCR2 receptor antagonists to inhibit these pathological mechanisms, particularly pathological tumor and ocular angiogenesis. Based on previous research, we investigated new N,N'-diarylurea analogues as inhibitors of the ELR+CXCL-CXCR2 pathway for cancer treatment. Two series of analogues were synthesized to study the structure-activity relationship and to optimize a lead compound. Evaluations on renal, head and neck cancer, and uveal melanoma cell lines, as well as on 3D spheroid cultures, identified an optimized lead compound showing significant inhibition of invasion, migration, and neo-angiogenesis. Additionally, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, and polymorphism studies were conducted.In the context of ocular angiogenic diseases, the development of a second family of compounds was pursued, including the study of new synthetic routes for scaling up for future industrial production and formulation studies to create active ingredient preparations in the form of eye drops.Finally, a new series of anticancer compounds was designed, and a synthetic route was developed to obtain a first series of analogues. The evaluation of the biological activities of these compounds allowed the establishment of a preliminary structure-activity relationship
Mateo, Lou. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux antagonistes des récepteurs CXCR1-2 pour cibler conjointement l’angiogenèse et l’inflammation dans les pathologies cancéreuses". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4006.
Testo completoCancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. Angiogenesis and inflammation represent two essential hallmarks in the development and progression of tumors and are essential for the survival of the cancer cells. Better knowledge of cellular mechanisms has enabled the development of targeted anti-angiogenic therapies. However, the emergence of resistance constitutes the main limitation of these current anti-angiogenics targeted therapies, as you may know the anti-VEGF therapies. But in parallel to the VEGF pathway, another crucial pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory axis in cancers is required: the CXCL-ELR+/CXCR pathway, particularly in metastatic kidney cancer. The aim of this work was to develop original small organic molecules able to inhibit the ligand/receptor interaction (CXCL-ELR+ / CXCR1-2) in order to have both anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. The 2-aminobenzothiazinone pattern was chosen for the preparation of 3 new classes of inhibitors. Divergent synthesis strategies were used to obtain the members of families 1 & 2, although the conditions have been adapted according to the reactivity of each substrate. The last family of molecules was prepared according to a linear synthesis. However, this latter strategy displayed some limitations during the cyclisation step. Thereafter, biological evaluations revealed a promising compound exhibiting an IC50 of 0.6 μM on the 786-O cell line compared with our reference molecule (IC50 = 2 μM). Other result highlighted that this compound also exerted an inhibition of the chemotaxis of cells expressing CXCR1-2 receptors. Further studies on zebrafish are planned with this compound in order to study its ability to interfere with the angiogenesis phenomenon in vivo
Desurmont, Thibault. "Etude de l'implication des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans la survenue d'une rechute métastatique chez des patients atteints d'un cancer du côlon métastatique et traités par chirurgie hépatique avec ou sans chimiothérapie néoadjuvante". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S042/document.
Testo completoOur aim was to analyze the potential role of chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 signalling pathways in liver metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their chemokine ligands were evaluated in liver metastases of colorectal cancer in order to study their correlation with overall and disease-free survival of patients having received, or not received, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen.Quantitative RT-PCR and CXCR2 immunohistochemical staining were carried out using human CRC liver metastasis samples. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their ligands were statistically analyzed according to treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patients ' outcome. Murine models of subcutaneous and orthotopic intracaecal xenografts have been developed and used to study the expression of CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCL7 in connection with the treatment of mice with chemotherapy.We showed that CXCR2 and CXCL7 overexpression are correlated to patient’s shorter overall and disease-free survival. By multivariate analysis, CXCR2 and CXCL7 expressions are independent factors of overall and disease-free survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases significantly the expression of CXCR2 and CXCL7 was overexpressed close to significance. Results of our mouse models have shown a trend over-expression of our interest genes in tumor tissues of the treated mice.In conclusion, we show the involvement of CXCL7/CXCR2 signalling pathways as a predictive factor of poor outcome in metastatic CRC. 5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens increase the expression of these genes in liver metastasis, providing one explanation for aggressiveness of relapsed drug-resistant tumors. Selective blockage of CXCR2/CXCL7 signalling pathways could provide new potential therapeutic opportunities
Benbrika, Radhia. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans le processus métastatique dans le cancer colique humain : implication de l'axe CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ125.
Testo completoDespite early cancer detection and therapeutic advances, the mortality rate in patients diagnosed with CRC at the metastatic stage remains very high. The aim of this work was to study the role of the chemokine CXCL12 and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the metastatic process. I compared the expression of the chemokine CXCL12 in human colon tumors with the associated healthy tissues, then I focused on the mechanisms regulating this expression and more particularly the epigenetic regulation. I have shown that the CXCL12 promoter is methylated in 35% of the CCR and that a lack of histone acetylation of the CXCL12 promoter causes the loss of its expression. Enzymes involved in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, potentially related to this acetylation defect, were identified by Array PCR on tumors and among these factors, the histone acetyl transferase PCAF, whose expression is decreased in tumors, was identified. Finally, to understand the respective role of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in metastatic spread, I invalidated the expression of both receptor genes in the human colonic line SW480 by Crispr-Cas9, and then compared the migratory capacity of the cells in vitro and their metastatic potential in vivo. Inducing a loss of expression of CXCR7 receptor did not have an impact on the development of pulmonary and hepatic metastases in vivo, but resulted in a decrease in in vitro migration
Cutolo, Pasquale. "Etude de l'interaction structurelle et fonctionnelle entre la chimiokine CXCL12 et ses récepteurs : CXCR4 et ACKR3/CXCR7". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS550/document.
Testo completoThe axis formed by the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 is conserved in vertebrates where it plays an important role in embryogenesis and adult life, regulates many processes of immune responses through its functions in cell migration, survival and proliferation.In addition, this axis is involved in pathological processes such as cancers (growth and metastasis) and immune deficiencies and malfunctions (eg deregulated expression, mutations or polymorphisms) and is also hijacked by certain pathogens (eg HIV, human papilloma virus).A large working group is dedicated to this pair as a therapeutic target, but only a compound (ie Plerixafor) achieved approval for clinical use by the potential of this area as a drug target unexplored.Although this axis is the subject of great interest, questions remain about the structural determinants involved in CXCL12 / CXCR4 interaction.However, the recently resolved diffraction structure of CXCR4 gave some clue about these questions, and beyond possible stoichiometry between CXCL12 and CXCR4.Several lines of evidence support the concept that forms CXCR4 homo- and hetero-oligomers (which can contribute to the diversity of the receptor functions), as shown in the diffraction structure, the gain function of a mutant CXCR4 receptor responsible for the syndrome WHIM and allosteric modulation of CXCR4 functions by CXCR7 (ACKR3), the second receptor of the chemokine CXCL12. The ability to form oligomers opens many issues of CXCL12 and its interaction with CXCR4 and CXCR7 / ACKR3.The stoichiometry of this interaction still remains an open question, as the receptor is capable to form oligomers with the same receptor or other receptors, particularly CXCR7 / ACKR3. This receptor, known as scavenger, has not solved structure and the mechanism of interaction with CXCL12 is unknown.To study the interactions CXCL12 / CXCR4 / CXCR7, we applied several molecular modeling techniques such as peptide-peptide docking and molecular dynamics simulations.Objectives of this project were: the resolution of the different stoichiometric forms for the interaction of CXCR4 and CXCL12 (molecular modeling, docking and dynamic); modeling the CXCR7 / ACKR3 receptor structure and its interaction with CXCL12 (homology modeling), with the characterization of domains and residues key in the activation of downstream signaling pathways of the receptor (CXCR7 / ACKR3 mutants); the study and characterization of new innovative tools for the detection of oligomerization of these receptors in endogenous conditions. (Nanobodies, HTRF)The results of the first objective were published in January 2016: PMID 26813575.Modeling of CXCR7 / ACKR3 allowed us to generate several mutants of the receptor to test our hypothesis about the activation pathways.Nanobodies were fully characterized for CXCR4 to be used in a second study to identify oligomeric forms of the receptor in tissues and cells
Segret, Audrey. "Implication de la chimiokine CXCL12 et de ses récepteurs CXCR4 et CXCR7 dans le coeur sain et en situations pathologiques". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P619.
Testo completoChemokines are involved in chemoattraction. Some studies realized on normal heart and during cardiac pathological condition suggested that these proteins could be considered as key protein of cardiac fonction. The purpose of my thesis was to define in cardiac tissue the role of the chemokine CXCL12 via its interaction with these two receptors: CXCR4 and CXCR7. Findings presented in this report show for the first time that the protein expression and localization of CXCL12g isoforme and CXCR4 CXCR7 receptors in cardiac myocytes suggested that CXCL12 could acts via these two receptors as an autocrine/paracrine system. The chemokine CXCL12 via its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 represented a key protein in the cardiac organogenesis as in normal and pathological cardiac function
Bouamar, Hakim. "Etude de la régulation de la fonction du récepteur à chimiokine CXCR4 et rôle de CXCR7/SDF-1 dans l'hématopoïèse". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077001.
Testo completoCouple CXCR4/SDF-1 plays a crucial role in the domiciliation of the HSC. The study of the regulation of the fonction of CXCR4 is crucial for better describing the mechanisms of migration, mobilization and retention of the hematopoietic original cells. One of the modes of regulation implies the accumulation of neutrophil elastase{NE) me cathepsinG (CG) associated with the cleavage of the N-terminal of CXCR4. We show that the murine form of CXCR4 is cleaved very quickly after treatment with NE and CG. The mutated forms of CXCR4 potentially resistant to the two enzymes which we generated are always sensitive to cleavage but the functional study of these mutants revealed that certain amino-acids are essential for CXCR4 signaling, The fonction of CXCR4 is also controlled by th0 extracellular concentration of SDF-1. We show that CXCR7 receptor is able to bind SDF- 1, is not expressed in thé hematopoietic cells whereas its expression is strong in stromal cell lines and primary stromal cells and that in overexpression, it confers neither the migratory capacity nor the activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways in response to SDF-1, However, CXCR7 can inhibit in a paracrine manner SDF-1 biological activities of cells expressing CXCR4, FinaHy, we showed that MS~5 stromal celis overexpressing CXCR7 inhibit the proliferation and hematopoiesis of human and murine hematopoietic immature cells by trapping SDF-1 of the extracellular medium strongly suggesting that CXCR7 is a "decoy receptor" which controls in a negative manner the fonction of CXCR4
Mcheik, Saria. "Conséquences fonctionnelles de l'hétéromérisation des récepteurs aux chimiokines: étude du couple des récepteurs CXCR4/CCR7". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/248613/3/SMTDM.pdf.
Testo completoDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
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Chabanon, Aurélie. "Rôle de la chimiokine SDF-1/CXCL12 et de des récepteurs CXCR4 et CXCR7 dans la régulation de la quiescence des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques humains". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T088.
Testo completoKlein, Valérie. "Contribution aux études structurales des récepteurs de chimoikines CCR5 et CXCR4, principaux co-récepteur du VIH-1 exprimés en système levure et en cellule d'insecte". Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/KLEIN_Valerie_2005.pdf.
Testo completoThe 39 millions AIDS infected patients worldwide, the cost of the treatments, the emergence of resistant viral strains and the heavy side effects underline the need for finding new treatments. A new strategy could be to block the virus entry in the host cells. Among the different molecular partners involved in the virus entry, the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 belonging to the GPCR superfamily are known to act as the principal HIV-1 co-receptors. These receptors are thus representing ideal targets for entry-blocking drugs and computer-assisted drug design could be a way of choice to discover such molecules. This approach requires however to obtain the 3D structure of the proteins, which is very complex especially in the case of GPCR. Actually, these receptors are naturally very poorly expressed, and efficient and reliable heterologous expression systems are still to be developed to obtain the large quantities of pure and active proteins needed for the structural studies considered. These receptors were first produced in the methylotrophic yeast H. Polymorpha, by targeting the overexpressed proteins towards the membranes of peroxisomes. Even if the expression levels were rather promising, ligand-binding activities of the produced receptors were not measurable and moreover, the receptors were always aggregating after solubilization attempts. Therefore we tested a new system, based on a stable and inducible expression in D. Melanogaster S2 cells. The receptors were N-terminally fused to EGFP as a tag, in order to facilitate the steps of detection, quantification and purification, but also to develop a FRET test in order to check the functionality of the receptors thus produced. The FRET detected between EGFP. CXCR4 and SDF-1. TR proved that the receptors can be functionnaly expressed in this system. Moreover, the receptors could be solulilized by NP-40, and the amounts of protein obtained in this system (mg/L) are compatible with the structural studies considered
Mona, Christine. "Développement et caractérisation de ligands du récepteur à chimiokine CXCR4". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9588.
Testo completoSohy, Denis. "Etude de la dimérisation des récepteurs aux chimiokines CCR2, CCR5 et CXCR4". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210282.
Testo completoDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Armando, Sylvain. "Structure quaternaire des récepteurs de chimiokines CXCR4 et CCR2 et interaction avec leur effecteurs". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20208/document.
Testo completoG protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are the most represented cell surface receptors among vertebrates, and the major therapeutic target in humans. The initial paradigm stating a 1 :1 :1 stoichiometry for receptor :G protein :effector has evolved to a more complex model, as illustrated here with the example of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR2. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was used to demonstrate that (1) CXCR4 is able to couple Gα13 instead of Gαi to promote breast cancer metastasis, (2) the multiple pathways engaged by stimulation of CXCR4 are selectively desensitized by the specific recruitment of a defined combination of proteins (GRKs and arrestins) and (3) the CXCR4 protomer plays a crucial role during Gαi engagement and β-arrestin recruitment by the CXCR4/CCR2 heterodimer upon CCR2 activation. In this last and main study, the results shown also demonstrate that CCR2 dimers could assemble with CX CR4 dimers into hetero-tetramers, and that CCR2 activation leads to a conformational change in the CXCR4 dimer. Former results showing cooperativity and asymmetric activation of a simple CXCR4/CCR2 heterodimer could then be applied to a tetramer. To conclude, the work done during this thesis demonstrates a more sophisticated regulation of chemokine receptors than previously suspected at 3 different levels: quaternary structure of the protomers, G protein signalling, and signalling termination
Escot, Sophie. "Rôle de la chimiokine SDF-1 dans la migration des cellules de crêtes neurales cardiaques". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066611.
Testo completoUnderstanding how the heart develops is an essential step for a better understanding of congenital heart diseases. Cardiac neural crest cells (CNC) originate from the neural tube and contribute to heart morphogenesis. They migrate through the heart by giving rise to mesenchymal cells of the outflow tract, to the ventricular septa and the semilunar valves, as well as to neuronal cells of the cardiac ganglia and smooth muscle cells of the great arteries. Failure in CNC migration or differentiation results in septation defects of the outflow and ventricular tracts, double outlet right ventricle and interrupted aortic arch, which are commonly observed in congenital heart diseases. The migration pathways of CNC have been well studied however, molecular mechanisms regulating these processes need to be more defined. Some recent results suggest that CNC could find their way to the heart by chemotaxis. Cardiac development is aberrant in the Sdf-1 chemokine knockout mice, as well as in knockout mice of its two receptors, Cxcr4 and Cxcr7. Mutant animals present ventricular septal defects, suggesting that cardiac abnormalities could be related to CNC. Our results show a specific expression of the SDF-1 signalling pathway in CNC in chick embryos. We have demonstrated, by gain and loss of function approaches in chick embryo, that SDF-1 play a role in CNC migration and a defect in SDF-1 pathway leads to major anomalies in heart development, which phenocopy those observed in mice deficient for these genes. From the region where arise the CNC, arise also the progenitors for enteric ganglia (Enteric Neural Crest ENC). CNC and ENC follow different migration pathway and our work demonstrate a role of SDF-1 signalling in the segregation of this two population of NC. Furthermore, we show that SDF-1 and CXCR4 are important for the migration of cephalic NC that give rise to the lower jaw. Our project demonstrates a novel function for SDF-1 signalling in embryonic development. We think that it will open new issues to investigate the role of Sdf-1, Cxcr4 and Cxcr7 genes in cardiac congenital pathologies
By, Youlet. "Modulation des récepteurs de l'adénosine par anticorps monoclonaux et ligands synthétiques. : application en physiopathologie humaine". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20688/document.
Testo completoAdenosine interacts on its cell surface receptors, namely A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R, to exertphysiological effects on target tissues. Modulation of these adenosine receptors appears to be a currenttopic of research which may bring more comprehensions on human pathophysiology yet to be elucidated.In order to study A2AR expression, we produced, in study 1, a monoclonal antibody anti‐human A2AR, calledAdonis being of IgM, isotype. Adonis recognized a linear epitope of seven amino acids on the C‐terminalpart of the A2AR second extra‐cellular loop. By Western blotting, Adonis reveals a 45 KDa band of A2AR incell lysates. Adonis behaves as an agonist‐like which increases the cAMP production and inhibits cellproliferation through A2AR stimulation. In study 2, we showed that using Adonis, to measure the A2ARexpression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells which mimic those of the cardiac tissue, was able todifferentiate some patients with suspected neurally mediated syncope. We showed, in study 3, that A2ARstimulation by Adonis leads to a down‐regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 expression on T‐cells, suggesting thatAdonis would be a potential drug to treat HIV infections. In study 4, we showed that intracereboventricularinjection of Adonis increased the Hot‐plate and Tail‐flick test latencies in mice in a dose‐dependent manner.Such increases were prevented by two A2AR antagonists and by an opiate receptor antagonist, suggestingthat the anti‐nociceptive effects of Adonis were mediated, at least in part, by endogenous opioid liberation.The last section focused on biological evaluation of new A1R ligands in collaborative studies betweenchemists and biologists. Indeed we showed, in study 5, that among thirty synthesized molecules, four act asA1R antagonists and two turn out to be A1R agonists with a micromolar EC50 on cAMP production. ThoseA1R agonists would be used in neuropathic pains, whereas other antagonists could be used in cardiacfailure or as diuretic. Finally, in study 6, we tested an original hybrid molecule which was revealed to be abivalent antagonist to μ opiate receptors and A1R. This hybrid compound may have applications in somepathologies such as hypovolemic shock and opiate addiction
Rodrigues, Laura. "Nanoparticules polymères ciblant le récepteur CXCR3 : élaboration et évaluation sur modèles de tumeur". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0104/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the elaboration of polymeric nanoparticles functionalized by the ligand SCH546738 to target the CXCR3 receptor overexpressed in human healthy or tumoral cells. Poly(trimethylene carbonate-b-Poly(ethylene glycol) (PTMC-b-PEG) blocks copolymers and PTMC-b-PEG-SCH546738 synthesis, then their self-assembly with different ratios in water, and finally biological activity in vitro of these different nanoparticles were studied. A serie of PTMC-b-PEG with different hydrophilic mass fractions f (between 34 and 6%) were obtained by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) initiated by a block PEG (MW: 2000 g/mol). Self-assembly studies showed that the hydrophilic mass fraction was related to the morphology of the nano objects (micelles and vesicles) and that size and morphology of nano objects can be changed by the self-assembly protocol. PTMC-b-PEG-SCH546738 were obtained by the convergent coupling between PEG-SCH546738 and PTMC block. The co self-assembly of functionalized and not functionalized copolymers was done by nanoprecipitation controlled by a microfluidic system that allows monodisperse polymersomes with controlled size to be produced. The molar percentage of SCH546738 at the surface of polymersomes was fixed at 5, 10 and 20 %, and with the control nanoparticle, these samples were tested in vitro on HEK 293 and U87 cells overexpressing the CXCR3-A. The influence of the ligand and its percentage on nanoparticles internalization and signaling pathways blocking on cells were analyzed
Catusse, Julie. "Étude de l'interaction de chimiokines et de ligands non-peptidiques avec le récepteur CXCR2 de l'interleukine 8". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T060.
Testo completoHabasque, Cécile. "Contribution à la mise en évidence des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans le testicule". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10010.
Testo completoFoudi, Adlen. "Etude de la fonction et de la régulation du récepteur CXCR4 dans l'hématopoïèse". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077100.
Testo completoCXCR4 receptor and ils ligand SDF-1 are involved in numerous biological processes ranging from cell migration, proliferation and survival. The downregulation of CXCR4 expression or its decreased function results in hematopoietic stem cells mobilization. CXCR4 receptor is also involved in malignacy, tumor metastases, HIV entry and in WHIM and WAS (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome) syndromes. Using an in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution assay of lethally irradiated mice, we demonstrated that CXCR4-null fêtai liver cells exhibited a dramatic radioprotection deficiency related to a reduced homing of maturing myeloid cells. The homing of CXCR4-/- and CXCR4+/+ progenitor cells are similar but CXCR4-/- chimeric mice displayed a high circulating number of progenitors during several month after transplantation. These results indicate that CXCR4 receptor is a key regulator of progenitor cells maintaining to the bone marrow microenvironment. Moreover, we show that circulating human primitive CD34+ cells exhibited a high level of intracellular pool of CXCR4 receptor. This pool is associated with the expression of several endosomal markers suggesting an important constitutive endocytosis of CXCR4 in thèse cells. These data indicate that the distribution of CXCR4 between cell surface and cytosol may be important in the mecanisms involved in HSC mobilization. A reduced migration of cells from WAS patients have been characterized. Here we show that WASP-null mice exhibited a slight thrombopenia associated with an elevated number of proplatelets in their bone marrow. Maturing megakaryocytes from WASP-null mice displayed a reduced in vitro migration toward SDF-1 chemokine. These results suggest that WASP protein is involved in megakaryocytic SDF-1 signaling. This mechanism may be responsible for megakaryocytes homing to specific vascular niches in the bone marrow microenvironment, priorto platelets shedding
Raffin, Caroline. "Les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ : relation avec les lymphocytes TH17 et implication dans les cancers humains". Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=bb76da2c-10b7-48ee-bc59-ba543bcdafa4.
Testo completoRegulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg) are essential to maintain self-tolerance and to limit exuberant immune responses. Treg were initially defined as a homogenous population composed of cells expressing CD25 and FOXP3. However, it was later shown that this population is, in fact, heterogeneous notably including subsets generated in the thymus, called natural Treg (nTreg), or derived in the periphery, called induced Treg (iTreg). These two populations were, at the beginning of my thesis, described as phenotypically undistinguishable. Therefore, the aim of my thesis was to study the heterogeneity of the human Treg compartment, namely by characterizing and comparing nTreg and iTreg. To this end, I first explored the relationship between Treg and a population of pro-inflammatory CD4+ helper T cells called TH17. I demonstrated that the ex vivo expression of IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) identifies, among Treg, an early intermediate along a differentiation pathway leading from naïve Treg to TH17. I then showed that the expression IL-1RI, in combination with that of CCR7, characterizes, ex vivo, a subset of Treg that do not express the transcription factor Helios, associated with nTreg, but express Aiolos, associated with iTreg and TH17. Thus, the use of these markers now allows to distinguish, among human circulating T cells, iTreg from nTreg, as well as to isolate and further assess them. Finally, by characterizing tumor-infiltrating Treg in epithelial ovarian cancer, I could show that the main Treg population at these tumor sites is Helios+, suggesting a natural origin, and expresses CXCR3 and T-bet, both associated with TH1 cells
Jouni, Dima. "Rôle de l'oxyde nitrique dans la régulation des cellules souches hématopoétiques". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077052.
Testo completoNitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule produced by most cells. Since the 1980s, NO has emerged as an important messenger within and between cells. NO is involved in the survival, proliferation and cell migration. In the hematopoietic System, NO is described as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cells HSC. However, the mechanisms involved in its regulation of HSC remain unknown. In this work, we showed that NO production by stromal cells is important for the maintenance of human progenitors in vitro. Inhibition of NO production by stromal cells decreases the expression of AML1 and CXCR4 (the receptor of SDF-1) in CD34 + cells. It also decreases the adhesion of CD34 + cells to the stroma and the number of progenitor cells in cultures in a semi-solid medium. The effect of NO on the number of progenitors and the expression of AML1 is contact-dependent. Indeed, the separation between hematopoietic and stromal cells blurs the effect of inhibition of NO production. These results suggest that NO through the regulation of CXCR4 and adhesion indirectly regulates AML1. In vivo, inhibition of NO production enhances HSC proliferation by the same mechanisms involved in vitro; reduction of CXCR4 and AML1 expression. The proliferation of HSC is associated with decreased expression of cyclin dependent kinases p57, p21 and pi 9. Consistent with the decreased expression of CXCR4, inhibition of NO production induced mobilization of progenitors into the blood and spleen. All these results show an important role of NO in the regulation of HSCs and progenitors
Abdelouahab, Hadjer. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans l'hématopoièse extra-médullaire dans les myélofibroses primaires et secondaires". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077212.
Testo completoPrimary and secondary myelofibrosis (MF) are rare and complex myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). They are characterized by medullary fibrosis and constitutive mobilization of stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors (HSPC), associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen. MF are also characterized by a complex mutational profile with JAK2V617F and MPLW515 being the main mutations in signaling molecules, leading to constitutive activation of signaling pathways. During this work, we have studied the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 in the constitutive HSPC mobilization and in the progression of the EMH in MF. Our results have shown that CD34+ MF patient cells are characterized by a strong chemotactic response to CXCL12 in vitro. This strong migration did not correlate with a high CXCR4 membrane expression, but seems correlated with activation of signaling pathways. Our results further demonstrated that the signaling pathways of CXCL12/CXCR4 and cytokines/cytokine receptors were synergistic in the chemotactic responses of cells to CXCL12. Furthermore, treatment MF patients with JAK2 inhibitors mobilizes CD34+ cells in peripheral blood. Finally, CXCR4 inhibition reduced the migration of MF CD34 cells in response to CXCL12 and induced a decrease in EMH in two mouse models of MF. Altogether, these resulb suggest that the constitutive HSPC mobilization and EMH in MF depend on CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling
Désogère, Pauline. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux agents chélatants optimisés ciblant le récepteur de chimiokine CXCR4". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842206.
Testo completoPenco-Campillo, Manon. "Le VEGFC et les récepteurs CXCR1/2 : des cibles pertinentes pour le traitement des médulloblastomes pédiatriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ6025.
Testo completoMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common and aggressive pediatric brain tumor. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, resulting in significant side effects, 30% of patients develop resistance and relapse following the appearance of metastases within 5 years. Recurrences cannot be controlled by conventional (radio- and chemotherapy) or targeted (anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-immune checkpoint) treatments. The objective of my thesis is therefore to discover new targets and relevant therapeutic strategies for these patients at diagnosis or after a relapse.MBs are highly vascularized tumors. The phenomenon of resistance is, in part, linked to the development of blood (angiogenesis) and lymphatic (lymphangiogenesis) vessels in the tumor, which constitute the main routes of metastatic dissemination. The lymphatic growth factor, VEGFC, and its receptors/co-receptors are the major players in lymphangiogenesis. In the first part of my thesis, I showed that VEGFC is inversely correlated to MB cell growth and aggressiveness. Indeed, VEGFC decreases the proliferation and migration of MB cells, as well as their ability to form pseudo-vessels in vitro, by an autocrine signalization. Cells resistant to radiotherapy show elevated levels of VEGFC and lose their ability to migrate and form pseudo-vessels. Irradiation reduces the aggressiveness of MB cells by a VEGFC-dependent process. VEGFC-overexpressing cells and radiation-resistant cells form smaller experimental tumors in nude mice. Thus, VEGC appears to be a negative regulator of MB growth. These results pave the way for the development of pro-VEGFC therapies in these cancers.In the second part of my thesis, I correlated the expression of the ELR+CXCL/CXCR1-2 pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory signaling pathway to shorter survival in patients with MB. I showed that a novel pharmacological inhibitor (C29) of CXCR1-2 receptors inhibits proliferation, CXCL8/CXCR1-2-dependent migration, invasion and pseudo-vessel formation by susceptible or resistant MB cells to radiotherapy. C29 reduces the growth of experimental MBs in an ex vivo organotypic mouse model and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Thus, targeting CXCR1-2 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of pediatric MB, at first line or at relapse.Key words: pediatric medulloblastoma, VEGFC/VEGFR, CXCR1-2, ELR+CXCL cytokines, targeted therapy, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis
Jourdan, Patrick. "Etude de la régulation de l'expression de CXCR4 à la surface des lymphocytes T humains". Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20037.
Testo completoAhr, Barbara. "Rôles des motifs cytoplasmiques de CXCR4 dans la signalisation induite par SDF-1". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T009.
Testo completoBignon, Alexandre. "Dérégulation des récepteurs de chimiokine CCR1 et CXCR4 dans le Lupus Erythémateux Disséminé et la Lymphopénie T CD4+ Idiopathique". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114818.
Testo completoMy PhD works focused on the expression and function of chemokine receptors in two immune disorders, namely CCR1 in the lupus-prone NZB/W mouse model and CXCR4 in the Idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia, a rare human immune defect.Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, the development of which is characterized by a progressive loss of renal function. Such dysfunction is associated with renal leukocyte infiltration. During my PhD, I investigated the role of the CCR1 chemokine receptor in this process during the progression of nephritis in NZB/W mice. We found that peripheral T-cells, mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils from nephritic NZB/W mice were more responsive to CCR1 ligands than the leukocytes from younger prenephritic mice. Short-term treatment of nephritic NZB/W mice with a orally available CCR1 antagonist decreased renal infiltration by T-cells and macrophages. Longer Ccr1 blockade decreased kidney accumulation of effector/memory CD4+ T-cells, Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes, and both M1 and M2 macrophages; reduced tubulointerstitial and glomerular injuries; delayed fatal proteinuria; and prolonged animal lifespan. Altogether, these findings highlight a pivotal role for CCR1 in the recruitment of T and mononuclear phagocyte cells to inflamed kidneys of NZB/W mice, which in turn contribute to the progression of renal injury.ICL is heterogeneous immunological syndrome of unclear molecular mechanisms, characterized by a profound and persistent CD4+ T-cell defect and by opportunistic infections in particular of fungal origin. We detected using multiparametric flow-cytometry analyses, reduced levels of CXCR4 expression and chemotactic function on T-cells from 17 of 20 ICL patients. These results suggest that the impaired membrane expression and function of CXCR4 is a common biologic trait of ICL. Using a transcriptomic approach, we also identified an ICL-specific T-cell gene expression signature characteristic of low TCR sensitivity and accelerated T-cell aging. Phenotypic and functional analyses of circulating T cells confirmed these observations and extended them to include an expansion of terminally-differentiated T cells with hallmarks of aging including loss of the co-stimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28, defective in vitro TCR responses, and telomere erosion. Mechanistically, we further showed that intrinsic T-cell signaling defects were caused by higher expression of DUal-Specific Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4). These findings suggest that premature T-cell senescence occurs in ICL as a result of chronic T-cell activation. This is in part due to abnormally high DUSP4 expression in CD4+ T cells, the modulation of which may constitute a novel therapeutic avenue in ICL to improve vaccination strategies
Chow, Yan Ching Ken. "Role and Molecular Basis of the CXCL12-signalling Axis in the Pathogenesis of WHIM syndrome and the carcinogenesis associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077129.
Testo completoThe WHIM syndrome (WS) is a rare immunodeficiency characterised by severe leukoneutropenia (e. G. Myelokathexis) and profuse human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated skin lesions and malignant ano-genital cohdyloma. The disease links to dysfunctions of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in response to its ligand SDF-1/CXCL12, and associates in many cases to heterozygous mutations causing truncation in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor that is important for the β-arrestin (βarr)-mediated receptor desensitisation process. Such truncated receptor (e. G. CXCR4¹º¹³) displays no desensitisation and thus manifests a gain of function in response to CXCL12 in leukocytes derived from WS patients, which likely contribute to the pathogenesis of the disorder. In this study, we demonstrated that such dysfunctions are in fact dependent on an unexpected interaction between βarr2 and CXCR4¹º¹³. Upon CXCL12 stimulation, the CXCR4¹º¹³receptor displays an augmented and prolonged |3arr2-dépendent signalling that relies on the integrity of the third intracellular loop of the receptor. We have also observed the existence of CXCR4wt/CXCR4¹º¹³ heterodimer from which the possible enhanced parr2/CXCR4¹º¹³ interaction may contribute to the augmented response of the receptor to CXCL12. With the abnormal expression of CXCL12 we observed in HPV-induced lesions derived from both WS and non-WS patients, and the critical role of the chemokine in tumor growth and metastasis, we speculate on the existence of an HPV/CXCL12 interplay that could be crucial for the viral-mediated pathogenesis. Using keratinocytes immortalised by the subgenomic fragment of high-risk HPV, we showed an HPV-E6/7-dependent expression of CXCL12 and its receptors and the critical role of this signalling axis in the prolifération and motility of these cells. In WS, such HPV/CXCL12-interplay may synergise with the hyperfunctioning of CXCR4, and contribute to the malignant development of ano-genital condyloma that is unusually associated with low-risk HPV - the only viral subtype we identified in these lesions
Fabre, Marie. "Conception, synthèse et optimisation de nouveaux antagonistes des récepteurs CXCR1/2 pour le traitement de la DMLA exsudative". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4044.
Testo completoIn western countries, exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the elderly. This disease is characterized by an abnormal vascularization of the choroid and a strong intraocular inflammation. Currently, only anti-VEGF symptomatic treatments exist, which rely on humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and recombinant fusion glycoprotein targeting pro-angiogenic factors. Moreover, only 30% of the patients present a durable response to this treatment.The blockage of the ERL+ CXCL cytokines signaling pathway has been proposed as a promising alternative to target simultaneously choroid vascularization and inflammation. Indeed, this sub-family of cytokines is specifically involved both in inflammation and in the early stage of the pro-angiogenic signal.Two compounds of diarylurea family, MCK133 and MCK140, have established a proof of concept in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, a new series of compounds has been designed that features the same pharmacophore bearing a triazole core, to enhance the activity, the physicochemical and pharmacological properties.Four series based on the pharmacophore were considered: two with an imidazole core and two with a triazole core. Synthetic pathways to each of these families have been studied. A triazole family has been particularly explored, and 63 analogs have been synthesized to determine the structure-activity relationships, by varying key positions of the molecule. All synthesized compounds were evaluated on several in vitro models of angiogenesis, inflammation, migration, and cell proliferation to assess their potential against exudative AMD. A promising lead compound has been identified. The perspectives of this thesis are the evaluation of this compound on several in vivo models of exudative AMD.Finally, the last part of this manuscript presents two annexe projects: (i) the study of the biamidines transfer to biguanides and (ii) the stability study of NRPa-308
Robert, Olivier. "Implication des axes récepteur des glucocorticoïdes-GILZ et CXCR4-CXCL12 dans l’inflammation hépatique liée à l’obésité". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114850.
Testo completoNAFLD (non alcoholic fatty liver disease) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It encompasses the entire spectrum of obesity-related liver lesions : steatosis, NASH (non alcoholic steatohepatitis), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Innate and adaptative immune systems participate actively to the pathophysiology.I studied two axis : the glucocorticoid receptor-GILZ axis in Kupffer cells and CXCR4-CXCL12 in CD4+ T lymphocytes.Kupffer cells (KC) play a key role in pathophysiology of NASH. GILZ (glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper) is expressed by monocytes/macrophages and is under the control of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Moreover, GILZ takes part in inhibition of inflammatory processes. I showed that obesity induces a decreased expression of GR and GILZ in KC. Using RU486, a GR antagonist, I proved that decreased expression of GR induces the decreased expression of GILZ and sensitize KC to LPS. This mechanism plays a decisive role in initiation of liver inflammation in obesity, modulating inflammatory response of KC. In obese mice, recruitment of inflammatory cells into the liver is a key element in the progression of NASH. CD4+ T lymphocytes from obese mice have enhanced CXCR4-dependent chemotactic properties. I showed that NASH enhances CXCR4-dependent chemotactic properties of CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients and in three mouse models of NASH. Obese mice treatment with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, decreases lymphocytes recruitement into the liver. Enhanced chemotactic properties of CD4+ T lymphocytes were not due to increased expressions of nor CXCR4 and CXCR7, neither CXCL12 in the liver. I showed that this mechanism was dependent of an increased affinity of CXCR4 to CXCL12.Therefore, I highlighted two axis participating to obesity-related liver inflammation. These axis represent new potential therapeutic targets
Heuninck, Joyce. "Analysis of CXCR4 and ACKR3 oligomerisation". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT018.
Testo completoDuring my PhD, I focused on two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3. They have several important physiological functions, such as chemotaxis of immune cells. However, on the other hand, when their function is disturbed, they are involved in different immunological pathologies and cancer. Both receptors recognise the same chemokine, CXCL12 and many studies have reported a crosstalk between CXCR4 and ACKR3. However, the mechanisms behind this crosstalk are still poorly understood. This crosstalk can occur because both receptors are competing for CXCL12, at the level of signalling pathways or due to the formation of complexes between CXCR4 and ACKR3 receptors, called oligomers. The oligomers might have specific pharmacological properties different from the receptor monomers. Oligomeric complexes have been described since the nineties. Most of the studies on these oligomers were performed on heterologous expression systems, but still a lot of debate exists about their existence and their role in native tissues. One of the reasons behind this controversy is that studying oligomers in a native context is complicated, especially because we often lack the molecular tools for these studies.The first objective of my PhD was to generate efficient tools to study the existence of CXCR4 and ACKR3 oligomers in native systems. In collaboration with laboratories from Amsterdam and Ghent, we have developed fluorescent nanobodies, small antibodies produced by llamas. These specific tools allow the detection of receptors endogenously expressed at the cell surface. In order to fluorescently label these nanobodies, we have used an original strategy that can specifically attach the fluorophore to the C-terminus of the nanobody. Interestingly, the fluorescent nanobodies retain high affinity and specificity for their target. With these nanobodies, I have demonstrated the existence of CXCR4 oligomers in cell lines that endogenously express CXCR4. We are currently investigating the existence of ACKR3 oligomers.The second objective of my PhD consists of defining the functional roles of these oligomers. I have shown that CXCR4/ACKR3 hetero-oligomers have specific binding characteristics. It seems that CXCL12 is binding only to ACKR3 within this hetero-oligomer and that ACKR3 impairs the CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 within the hetero-oligomer. This is interesting, since we also have demonstrated that CXCL12 is binding much faster on CXCR4 than on ACKR3.In addition, I have studied the consequences of this negative cooperativity within the CXCR4/ACKR3 hetero-oligomer on different signalling pathways. We have compared conditions where the receptor was expressed alone or when receptors were co-expressed. No major modifications have been found on their signalling properties. However, when investigating the internalisation of CXCR4 and ACKR3, it seems that CXCR4/ACKR3 hetero-oligomers remain blocked on the cellular surface.This opens interesting perspectives, since it is the first time CXCR4 oligomers have been detected at an endogenous level. Moreover, the observation of a different internalisation pattern of the hetero-oligomer is a first step to further investigate the specific roles of these oligomers in the crosstalk between the receptors
Gallego, Carmen. "Interactions hôte-virus : la chimiokine CXCL12 et ses récepteurs CXCR4 et ACKR3 dans le cycle de vie du papillomavirus humain et la carcinogènese associée". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS337.
Testo completoHuman papillomavirus (HPV) are part of our virome and infect cutaneous and mucosal sites. Most infections are asymptomatic or only cause benign lesions that are controlled by the host defence mechanisms, which take place both at the epithelial and the immune system levels. However, persistent infections with certain mucosal HPV types at high-risk for cancer development, cause virtually all cases of cervical cancers, a majority of anogenital cancers and an increasing proportion of oropharyngeal cancers. Prophylactic vaccines are efficient in preventing mucosal HPV types-associated lesions but currently, there is no antiviral treatment for an established HPV infection. In this doctoral thesis, we aimed at investigating host factors involved in HPV life cycle and carcinogenesis at two levels: the infected keratinocyte and the immune system. Studies in the context of certain immunodeficient patients (WHIM syndrome, WS) with selective susceptibility to HPV pathogenesis have identified the CXCL12 chemokine and its classical G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 (whose mutations are causing the WS) as host susceptibility factors that act as gatekeepers of HPV life cycle. CXCL12/CXCR4 together with ACKR3, the second receptor of CXCL12 with an atypical decoy activity, can modulate both epithelial and immune cell anti-viral responses. Therefore, we first investigated the intrinsic contribution of ACKR3 to HPV life cycle in 3D human epithelial cell cultures (3D-EpC), the sole model allowing for HPV replication. Our results indicate that enhanced ACKR3 activity displays pro-oncogenic potential as it shifts HPV productive life cycle toward oncogenesis and that blocking ACKR3 could be an attractive therapeutic approach to favour HPV replication. In addition, we have studied the functional consequences of the productive HPV life cycle in cell-cell communication, being pioneers in setting up FLIP technique in 3D-EpC. Lastly, we investigated the impact of CXCR4 WS-mutation at the cutaneous immune cell level in the context of HPV-induced carcinogenesis. We have thus gained insights into the role of CXCR4 in dendritic cell and Langerhans cell distribution, phenotype and migration and how their deregulation in the context of the WS could account for the selective susceptibility of WS patients to HPV pathogenesis. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into HPV-host interactions at the epithelial and immune cell levels. We have unravelled the central role of ACKR3 in keratinocyte intrinsic response against HPV and deepen our knowledge on the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 in skin immunity in health and in HPV carcinogenesis
Buet, Dorothée. "Régulation transcriptionnelle de l'hématopoïèse par l'activité tyrosine kinase de BCR-ABL : exemples des gènes Cxr4 et Fli-1". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077038.
Testo completoThe expression of p210BCR-ABL, a fusion protein responsible for the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia, leads to a malignant phenotype with reduced growth factor requirement, résistance to apoptosis and altered adhesion properties, caused by its high constitutive tyrosine kinase activity activating multiple biochemical pathways. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of p210BCR-ABL on transcription during hematopoiesis, particularly during two special aspects of the pathology: loss of adhesion to bone marrow stroma and and the anormal erythroid differentiation. First, we have studied the interactions between p210BCR-ABL and the CXCR4 receptor function, to better understand the loss of adhesion of hematopoietic progenitors to bone marrow stroma. We showed that two mechanisms could regulate CXCR4 function, depending on p210BCR-ABL expression level, one associated with diminution of Cxcr4 transcription. P210BCR-ABL can also modify the erythroid differentiation. Knowing that a close developmental relationship exists between the erythroid and the megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation, the second part of my work consisted in the study of p210BCR-ABL effects on these two lineages programming. We showed a major expansion of the erythroid lineage occurring at the expense of the MK differentiation in presence of p210BCR-ABL, associated with a diminution of the MK transcription factor FLI-1 transcription. Then we wanted to better understand the role of the regulation of FLI-1 expression during the commitment of the bipotent E/MK progenitor, in normal conditions. We showed, by RNA interference, that the FLI-1 expression level regulates the commitment in primary human CD34+cells
Duquenne, Charline. "Modulation de l’activité des corécepteurs CCR5 et CXCR4 du VIH 1 comme stratégie thérapeutique : étude des deux isoformes de CXCR4 et interaction de CCR5 avec le récepteur S1P1". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20188/document.
Testo completoCCR5 and CXCR4 are the two HIV entry coreceptors used by the virus in addition to the main receptor CD4 in vivo to infect cells. R5 virions, that use CCR5 as a coreceptor to infect cells, are detected in most HIV patients. At late stages of infection and in about half of HIV infected persons, there is an emergence of X4 virions that use CXCR4 as a coreceptor, in addition to R5 virions. This emergence is associated with an increase in disease progression. The reasons for this R5 to X4 switch are poorly understood. The goal of my PhD work was to find new therapeutic strategies that target these coreceptors.The first part of this work compares the two CXCR4 isoforms as HIV coreceptors. Those two isoforms, CXCR4-A and CXCR4-B, differ by 9 amino acids at their NH2 terminal extremity as a consequence of an alternative splicing. We have shown that CXCR4-B isoform is more efficient as an HIV coreceptor but that those two variants are equivalent in terms of chemotaxis toward their common ligand SDF-1. Thus, we propose that by targeting specifically the B isoform that supports infection, via siRNA by example, it is possible to limit X4 development while keeping essential functions of this receptor. Our results also suggest that R5 infection increases CXCR4-B / CXCR4-A mRNA ratio in PBMC and that this ratio is in part responsible for R5 to X4 switch. Thus, targeting CXCR4-B isoform could be beneficial.The second part of this PhD thesis studies the effect on CCR5 coreceptor function of S1P1, another G protein-coupled receptor that enables lymphocytes egress from lymph nodes by chemotaxis toward its ligand S1P that is abundant in blood. We have shown that S1P1 physically interacts with CCR5 and blocks R5 virus entry. On the other hand, S1P1 activates post-entry steps of the viral cycle, in particular gene expression. The resulting effect is an increase in viral production by infected cells in vitro. We also showed that the use of FTY720, a S1P1 functional antagonist, decreases dendritic cell infection by R5 viruses in vitro, and in vivo infection in a SCID mouse model. The emphasis of CCR5 and S1P1 interactions opens new therapeutic strategies
Vétillard, Mathias. "Régulation de la migration des cellules dendritiques : étude des mécanismes dépendant du récepteur de chimiokine CXCR4 et de la protéine Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: Fine-Tuning of Dendritic Cells Function CXCR4 signaling controls dendritic cell location and activation at steady-state and in inflammation GILZ orchestrates migratory and calcic responses in dendritic cells". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ002.
Testo completoUnderstanding the mechanisms by which dendritic cells (DC) regulate immunity is essential. DC reside in peripheral tissues, including the skin. Within their tissue of residence, immature DC alternate non-oriented migration phases with antigen capture (AG) phases. In this context, migration is in competition for actin stocks with AG capture processes, such as macropinocytosis. Once activated in response to danger signals, macropinocytosis is inhibited and DC become able to migrate rapidly and in a chemokine-dependent way (e.g. toward CXCL12/CCL21) to lymphoid organs (LO). During my thesis, I characterized the contribution of the Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) protein and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to the control of DC migration, the mechanisms associated with this control and the pathophysiological consequences of a deregulation of the expression or function of these factors. I have used two mouse models: 1- A model of Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Protein (GILZ) deletion in DC (GILZko). The previous work of my team has shown that the level of GILZ expression in DC controls their macropinocytosis. 2- A murine model of gain of function for the chemokine receptor of CXCL12: CXCR4. Therefore, I wondered if the GILZko DC and the CXCR4 gain of function DC (CXCR4+/1013) showed an alteration in their in vivo migration capacity. In FITC painting experiments, I demonstrated that GILZko DC and CXCR4+/1013 DC migrate less efficiently than Control DC (CTRL) to the LO. This observation is associated with a constitutive defect in the number of migrating DC in LO in CXCR4+/1013 mice, but not in GILZko mice. To better characterize the impact of GILZ deletion, I studied the migration speed and the ability of GILZko DC to respond to chemokine gradients in vitro. I demonstrated that immature GILZko DC migrate slower than their controls, in direct correlation with increased macropinocytosis. In addition, GILZko DC respond less well to CXCL12 (immature DC) and CCL21 (activated DC) chemokines than CTRL DC. As cytosolic calcium entry into DC is a central process in the regulation of chemotaxis and cell motricity, I the investigated the role of GILZ in controlling the cytosolic calcium entry into these cells. I have shown, for the first time in DC, that GILZ deletion reduces cytosolic calcium concentration and influx. This phenotype is reproducible in CTRL DC by pharmacological inhibition of a glucocorticoid-induced kinase. Finally, the analysis of the consequences of reduced migration from skin DC to LO in our models revealed a worsening of skin inflammation in models of delayed hypersensitivity or chronic inflammation. In conclusion, my work provides new insights on a key process in the establishment of tolerance and immune responses. It demonstrates on the one hand the importance of desensitization of CXCR4 in cutaneous DC to allow them to leave the skin, and on the other hand the involvement of GILZ in regulating the speed and direction of DC migration, according to a mechanism that might depend on the control of calcium responses. Thus, the decrease in GILZ expression in DC, particularly during inflammation, might inhibit their calcium-dependent function. The increased expression of GILZ in DC is known to promote the accumulation of regulatory T cells at the expense of effector T cells. My work suggests that decreasing GILZ expression in DC may not be sufficient to make them efficient in activating T cells in vivo
Fumex, Maud. "Etude de la sulfatation des protéines dans les processus d’interactions biologiques : cas du récepteur aux chimiokines CXCR4". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE033.
Testo completoSulfation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. The known sulfated proteins are mostly cell receptors and among them, CXCR4 attracts growing attention because of its involvement in numerous physio-pathological processes (immune response, HIV infection). The 38 amino-acid extracellular domain of CXCR4 (P38 peptide), containing three tyrosine residues known to be sulfated, is important for the interaction with its specific ligand, the SDF-1α/CXCL12 chemokine (Stromal cell-derived factor-1α). The role of sulfation in this interaction remains to be established.The P38 peptide was chemically synthesized and regioselectively sulfated on all the tyrosines (mono-, di- or tri-sulfated peptides, 7 combinations). The impact of both distribution and position of sulfate groups on the interaction between P38 and SDF-1α was studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) hyphenated to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).An interaction between P38 and SDF-1α was highlighted by ACE. It was strongly enhanced by the increase of P38 sulfation degree. The complex stoichiometry was then determined by ACE-MS, and 1:1 complexes were predominantly obtained, with all the peptides. This work opens the orad to the three-partner interaction studies involving glycosaminoglycans
Conforti, Rosa. "Traitement anti tumoral par ciblage de TLR3 et découplage des effets opposés des chimiokines pour améliorer l’efficacité des agonistes de TLR3". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T067.
Testo completoThe rationale for the use of Toll –Like Receptor (TLR) agonists in cancer therapy relies upon their “beneficial” effects on immune cells leading to enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses. However, a variety of cancer epithelia express TLRs which, upon triggering, may mediate “deleterious” effects such as tumorigenesis. To further dissect the direct versus indirect biological effects of the TLR3 agonist polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly(A:U)), we took advantage of two murine tumor models expressing TLR3 that failed to respond to chemotherapy but did produce large amounts of CCL5 and CXCL10 in response to the poly(A:U) and type I IFN. In vivo, the combination of chemotherapy and poly(A:U) mediated low tumoricidal activity unless a vaccination against tumor antigens was included in the regimen and the CCR5 receptor was blocked (CCR5 loss-of-function mice or WT animals treated with MetRANTES). The antitumor efficacy of the combination therapy was associated with the elicitation of CD8+CXCR3+IFN+ T cells and abrogated in nu/nu, Trif-/- and Cxcr3-/- mice. The source of CCR5L is the TLR3-activated tumor cells in that stable inhibition of the chemokine production by specific shRNA CCL5 ameliorated the efficacy of the combination therapy. These results support the notion that poly(A:U) can directly act on tumor epithelia to promote the release of beneficial CXCL10 for the recruitment of intratumoral CTLs but also the release of deleterious CCL5 acting on host immunosuppressors. Uncoupling chemokine release and prior vaccination may enable the CXCR3L-dependent CTLs to overrule the CCR5-dependent suppression and may be integrated in future trials using TLR3 agonists
Armani-Tourret, Marie. "Transmission et physiopathologie de l'infection VIH : leçons tirées de l'étude des virus utilisant CXCR4 comme corécepteur". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30033.
Testo completoThe entry of HIV-1 into its target cells requires the interaction of its envelope glycoprotein (Env) on the surface of the virus with the receptor, CD4, and then with a co-receptor, CCR5 or CXCR4, depending on the viral tropism. Viruses that use CCR5 (R5 viruses) are predominantly represented in patients. Those using CXCR4, alone (X4 viruses) or in addition to CCR5 (R5X4 viruses) are rarely transmitted but their frequency increases during the course of the infection. A link between viral tropism and pathogenicity of the infection has been proposed. CXCR4-using viruses are more frequently associated with accelerated CD4TL decline than R5 viruses. Counterexamples to this general paradigm of increased pathogenicity of X4 viruses are, however, numerous, suggesting that there is heterogeneity in the pathogenicity of X4 viruses for which the molecular basis is not known. In my thesis, I studied the role of the natural ligand of CXCR4, i.e. the chemokine CXCL12, as a driving force of the evolution of these viruses during infection. Chemokine binding indeed blocks viral entry in vitro, suggesting that it represents a constraint to X4 viruses in vivo. We hypothesized that the viruses would evolve in the direction of escape from this constraint, leading to the shaping of their phenotypic properties, in particular their pathogenicity. To study this hypothesis, we measured the sensitivity to CXCL12 inhibition of about 30 viruses isolated from patients at different stages of infection. These experiments allowed us to identify that viruses resistant (RES) to CXCL12 inhibition are frequent in patients with low levels of CD4TL, frequently in the late stages of infection, more rarely during the primary infection. These results directed my work towards two axes, one dealing with the mechanisms of virus resistance to CXCL12 and its impact on the pathogenesis of the infection, the other with the mechanisms of X4 virus counter-selection during transmission. I showed that CXCL12 resistance is associated with changes in Env antigenic properties and results from viruses exploiting CXCR4 molecules that are weakly affine for CXCL12. My results also suggest that resistance to CXCL12 increases the ability of viruses to deplete CD4TL, including activated memory effector CD4TL from the peripheral blood. My results suggest that in anatomical sites where CXCL12 chemokine is expressed (e.g. lymphoid tissues), RES viruses will more efficiently infect CD4TL, especially naive cells. They will therefore be more likely to alter LTCD4 homeostasis, explaining their association with low LTCD4 levels in patients. The fact that these RES viruses are rare during the primary infection phase also led me in a second axis to question the mechanisms that lead X4 viruses to be counter-selected during transmission. These results suggested that contrary to the prevalent idea, CXCL12 is not the major factor in the counter-selection of X4 viruses and that other determinants are involved. My work suggests that differences in cell tropism, Envs antigenicity or type I interferon sensitivity do not fully explain why X4 viruses are less efficiently transmitted than R5 viruses. Other hypotheses will therefore be proposed in this respect in the light of recent data from the literature. Overall, this work improves our understanding of the pathophysiology and transmission of HIV-1. Also, the identification that RES viruses use different forms of CXCR4 than those used by CXCL12 allows us to consider counteracting these viruses to prevent CD4TL depletion in HIV+ patients on cART while preserving the essential homeostatic functions of the chemokine
Lelièvre, Jean-Daniel. "Mort lymphocytaire et infection par le VIH : elations avec, l'état d'activation cellulaire, la réplication virale, les chimiokines et leurs récepteurs, la molécule Fas". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077233.
Testo completoRivière, Christel. "Fonction et régulation de l'activité de la chimiokine SDF-1 et de son récepteur CXCR4 dans la mégacaryopoïèse". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T054.
Testo completoMature megakaryocytes migration out of the bone marrow represents the ultimate step for platelet production and their release into the blood circulation. Regulation of this mechanism remains to be determined. Chemokines and their receptors play a major role in regulating cell migration towards specifie site, but also in cell retention. We studied the role of the SDF-I chemokine and its receptor CXCR4 during megakaryopoiesis. CXCR4 is expressed in megakaryocytes and platelets with an increasing expression during this differentiation process. Nevertheless, in opposite to CXCR4 expression, response to SDF-1 is down regulated during megakaryocyte maturation. CXCR4 signal transduction is mediated through heterotrimeric G protein αβγ. Using RT- PCR with degenerate oligonucleotides, we showed expression of severa! ROS proteins family members, negative regulators of G protein coupled receptor signaling, in megakaryocytes and platelets. RGS2 and RGS16 transcript levels, but not ROSI, RGS3 and ROSS, increase during megakaryocyte differentiation. Only these two ROS are transcriptionnaly upregulated in response to high concentrations ofSDF-1, revealing a specifie role in downregulating CXCR4 function. ROSI, RGS2, RGS3, and RGS16 overexpression in a megakaryocytic cellline MO7e and in megakaroyctes obtained in vitro lead to an inhibition ofSDF-1 response as weil as in migration and MAP kinases activation assays. This whole work implies CXCR4/SDF-I proteins in regulation of early stages of megakaryocyte migration. Our results suggest that upregulation of RGS2 and ROS16 expression during MK maturation plays a crucial role in CXCR4 loss of function and megakaryocyte release into the blood circulation
Fiser, Anne-Laure. "Rôle de la densité en CXCR4 à la surface des cellules lymphocytes TCD4+ dans l'émergence et la réplication des souches X4 du Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T027.
Testo completoCarnec, Xavier. "Relations structure fonction et inhibitions des co-recepteurs CCR5 et CXCR4 dans l'entrée du VIH-1". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077083.
Testo completoEntry of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) into target cells is mediated by consecutive interactions of envelope glycoprotein gp120 vith CD4 and a coreceptor. In vivo, only CCR5 and CXCR4 are biologically relevant. CCR5 using strains is associated with transmission and during the early stage of disease whereas emergence of CXCR4 using strains matches with late-stage of. The. Disease. In order to further elucidate the determinants of CXCR4/gpl20 interactions, we used a panel of independent anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibodies. Our results indicate that gp120 interacts mostly with CXCR4 ECL2, and less or not at all with the amino terminal domain, gp120 may recognize a broad range of CXCR4 sub-populations. Isolate specific interactions of different HIV-1 strains with CXCR4 may depend on recognition of different residues within CXCR4 ECL2. Inhibition of CCR5 dependant entry was investigated through the use of two classes of CCR5 antagonists. Small molecules inhibitors (namly SCH-C and TAK779) seem to inhibit binding of gp120's V3 loop to CCR5 ECL-2 in a isolat dependant manner, in contrast to anti-CCRS Mab PA14. Which inhibit a later stage of the entry mechanism. Synergistic inhibition was observed when the two classes of inhibitors were assayed together for_entry inhibition, revealing different mechanisms of action, Our results highlight the role of CXCR4 and CCR5 ECL-2 along the course of HIV-1 entry into target cells. Targetting this immuno-dominant epitope of both biologically relevant HIV-1 entry coreceptor will provide a new insight for efficiently controlling HIV-1 infection
Gamba, Laurent. "Etude de la régulation du gène codant le récepteur de chimiokine CXCR4 dans le système de la ligne latérale postérieure du poisson-zèbre (danio rerio)". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20085/document.
Testo completoThe zebrafish embryonic posterior lateral line is componed by a set sense organs, called neuromasts, allowing the fish to detect the water movements. The primordium that generates the embryonic posterior lateral line of zebrafish migrates from the head to the tip of the tail along a trail of SDF-1-producing cells, and deposits cell groups that will become the neuromasts. This migration critically depends on the presence of the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 in the leading region of the primordium and on the presence of a second SDF1 receptor, CXCR7, in the trailing region of the primordium. The aim of my thesis is to identify regulators of the cxcr4b expression within the primordium. Here we show that inactivation of the estrogen receptor ESR1 results in ectopic expression of cxcr4b throughout the primordium, whereas ESR1 overexpression results in a reciprocal reduction in the domain of cxcr4b expression, suggesting that ESR1 acts as a repressor of cxcr4b. This finding could explain why estrogens significantly decrease the metastatic ability of ESR-positive breast cancer cells. ESR1 inactivation alsoleads to extinction of cxcr7b expression in the trailing cells of the migrating primordium; this effect is indirect, however, and due to the down-regulation of cxcr7b by ectopic SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in the trailing region. Both ESR1 inactivation and overexpression result in aborted migration, confirming the importance of this receptor in the control of SDF-1-dependent migration. We also showed that a major effector of the canonical Wnt signaling, LEF-1, contributes to the control of both cxcr4b and cxcr7b expression in the leading cells of the primordium. We show that cell proliferation, which ensures constant primordium size in spite of sucessive rounds of cell deposition, is reduced upon lef1 inactivation, leading in a truncated posterior lateral line
Deiva, Kumaran. "Pénétration astrocytaire et neuroprotection au cours de l'infection par le VIH1 : rôle des récepterus de chimiokines CX3CR1, CCR5, CXCR4". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T041.
Testo completoPoulain, Stéphanie. "Caractérisation génomique des mutations du gène CXCR4 dans la maladie de Waldenstrom". Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S032/document.
Testo completoPurpose. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by bone marrow infiltration of clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells, which produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). MYD88L265P mutation may be considered as a founder event because of it high frequency in WM. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed CXCR4 mutations (CXCR4Mut) in WM. CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that promotes migration and activation of several pathways including RAS, Akt and NFKB. CXCR4 mutation has proved to be of critical importance in WM, in part due to its role as a mechanism of resistance to several agents of targeted therapy. We have therefore sought to unravel the different aspects of CXCR4 mutations in WM using next generation sequencing, and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) arrays and to study the clinical impact.Experimental Design. Bone marrow samples of 98 patients with WM (mean age: 67 years) were analyzed. Tumoral DNA was extracted following CD19 B cell selection. Paired samples (tumor/T lymphocytes) were used as an intra-individual reference. CXCR4 mutation was analyzed by ultra deep targeted NGS (next generation sequencing) (all exons) allowing study of the clonal architecture in WM cells and/or sanger sequencing (SaS) (exon 2). Mutational spectrum of 8 candidate genes involved in Toll Like Receptor, RAS and B Cell Receptor (BCR) pathway along with MYD88L265P, CD79A (ITAM domain), CD79B( ITAM domain), CARD11 (exon 5-9), N RAS (exon 2-3), K RAS (exons 2-3), BRAF6 (exon 15), PTEN( exon 5-7), was also analysed in an integrative study. Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 (Affymetrix chips) was performed in 53 patients to decipher genomic signature of CXCR4Mut. Flow cytometry was performed to assess CXCR4 and CD49d (VLA4) expression (n=53).Results. We found all mutations to be heterozygous, somatic and located in the C-terminal domain of CXCR4 in 24.5% of the WM. CXCR4 mutations led to a truncated receptor protein. Among the 17 variants, 12 new variants were identified in WM. The most frequent mutation was the CXCR4 C1013G (S338X) mutation (5/98) followed by CXCR4C1013A (S338X) (3/98). Interestingly, CXCR4Mut was associated to higher expression of CXCR4 protein by flow cytometry, independently of the type of CXCR4 mutation (n=53) (p=0.003). No impact on the expression profile of the integrin VLA4 (CD49d) which directly interacts with CXCR4 was observed. Sub clonal CXCR4 mutations identified using NGS were identified in 4/14 cases. CXCR4 mutations pertain to the same clone as to MYD88 L265P mutations, but were mutually exclusive to CD79A/ CD79B mutations (BCR pathway). We identified a genomic signature in CXCR4Mut WM traducing a more complex genome. CXCR4 mutations were also associated with gain of chromosome 4 (p=0.002), gain of Xq (p=0.002) and deletion 6q (p=0.038) and a higher number of genomic abnormalities (5.8 versus 2.8 per patient, p=0.046). We thought to identify clinical-biologic characteristics of WM with CXCR4Mut features. CXCR4 mutations were associated with higher IgM monoclonal component (p=0.006) and thrombocytopenia (p=0.018). However, no impact in overall survival was observed according to CXCR4 mutational status. Conclusions. Our study panned out new CXCR4 mutations in WM, and identified a specific signature associated to CXCR4Mut, characterized with complex genomic aberrations among MYD88L265P WM. The study of CXCR4 mutations showed existence of intraclonal (variation in co-expression of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations) and interclonal (BCR and CXCR4 mutations in MYD88L265P WM) heterogeneity. Our results suggest the existence of various genomic subgroups in WM
Barbeito, Ana Gabriela. "Rôle de la chimiokine CXCL12 et de son récepteur CXCR4 dans l'interaction motoneurone-glie dans la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066597.
Testo completoAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease that causes progressive paralysis. Microglial cells (macrophages of the central nervous system) play a crucial role in the progression of the disease. However the factors released by suffering motor neurons to activate and attract microglia are still largely unknown. Our results show that the chemokine CXCL12 is expressed by motor neurons in vivo and that its main receptor, CXCR4 is expressed in vitro and in vivo by microglial cells in a rat model for ALS ( expressing Cu / Zn superoxide dismutase mutant (SOD1G93A)). Notably , CXCL12 moto neuron expression and CXCR4 lumbar spinal cord expression, increases during the symptomatic phase of the disease in the SOD1G93A rats. At the functional level CXCL12 induced via CXCR4, a statistically sgnificant chemotactic response of SOD1G93A microglial cells compared with controls at a concentration of 10ng/ml cells. Finally , our study of pharmacological blockade of CXCR4 ( AMD3100 ) in mice expressing SOD1G93A , showed no difference in survival. Overall our studies show an increase in the expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 during motor neuron degeneration and a greater chemotactic effect of CXCL12 on SOD1G93A microglia, which highlights a possible role of CXCL12 / CXCR4 in motor neuron degeneration in ALS models
Baudouin, Stéphane. "Le développement neuronal : rôle de la protéine adaptatrice CD3zeta et mécanismes régulant la fonction du récepteur de chimiokine CXCR4". Nantes, 2009. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=e1c7ec15-2047-495f-a325-8bf974e8128c.
Testo completoNeuronal development is achieved by a complex set of mechanisms leading ultimately to the formation of a functional network. Recent data show that well-known molecules of the immune system also have non immune functions in critical stages of cerebral development. In this context, we studied the adaptor molecule CD3zeta and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. At early stages of neuronal development in culture, we have shown that CD3zeta is selectively associated with growth cones and filopodia. A combination of loss- and gain-of-function experiments in cultured neurons showed an inhibitory function of CD3zeta in dendrite development. These findings reveal a novel role of CD3zeta in the control of dendrite morphogenesis. The chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 have a critical role in many aspects of neuronal development. During the formation of neuronal processes, it has been shown that SDF-1 selectively regulates axonal patterning and does not affect the other neurites. We found that the stimulation of CXCR4 by SDF-1 induces receptor internalization in the somatodendritic domain but not in axons. This result suggests that the lack of CXCR4 internalization in axons might be a mechanism used to allow a selective action of SDF-1 in axonal growth. Our results reveal a novel role of CD3zeta in neuronal development and an original regulatory mechanism for CXCR4 that could promote a selective action of SDF-1 on axons
Boyé, Kevin. "Implication de CXCR3 dans la progression tumorale : une nouvelle cible thérapeutique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0315/document.
Testo completoCXCR3 belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptors family. With its ligands, the CXC chemokines, CXCR3 regulates several biological functions and plays important roles in angiogenesis, inflammation and cancer. The interaction with CXCR3 is rather complex due to the presence of distinct spliced isoforms. CXCR3-A is known to promote cell proliferation, survival, and migration while CXCR3-B leads to cell growth inhibition.The human glioblastoma cell model, U87, was used to study the molecular mechanisms regulating the activity and trafficking of CXCR3 isoforms in tumor cells. CXCR3 has been reported as the functional receptor for the angiostatic activity of CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1. Depending on their oligomerization status, these two chemokines present preferential interaction with CXCR3 isoforms. Activation of CXCR3-A leads to an important conformational change and induces pro-migratory signaling pathways. Studies on the vesicular trafficking highlight the importance of the clathrin and the Trans-Golgi network for both internalization and recycling of CXCR3-A. For the first time, LRP-1 is identified as a new partner of CXCR3-A. LRP1 is not only recognized as an endocytic receptor but also as a signaling protein. LRP1 interacts with CXCR3-A via its extracellular α subunit and regulates CXCR3-A conformation, trafficking and pro-tumoral activity.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell models were used to characterize CXCL4L1 as a pro-tumoral factor that activates CXCR3-A in tumor cells. For the first time, CXCL4L1 appears as an important biomarker for pancreatic cancer progression.In the different cell models, signaling pathways of CXC chemokine/CXCR3-A lead to an increase in tumor invasive properties. At the molecular level, the association of CXCR3 with various proteins (ligands and partners) is essential to regulate tumor cell biological functions.The nanoparticles are now known as a new generation of therapeutic antibodies with many advantages over conventional antibodies. Thus, the development of nanoparticles associated to CXCR3 inhibitors appears as a new promising pharmacological targeted strategy to treat cancer
Roland, Joachim. "Étude des signaux transduits par la molécule CXCR4 suite à l'activation par SDF-1 ou la gp120 du VIH". Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T008.
Testo completoTchou, Isabelle. "Étude de l'infection des cellules de Langerhans par le virus d'immunodéficience humaine et perspective de neutralisation par des anticorps au niveau des muqueuses". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T010.
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