Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Real property – united states – finance"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Real property – united states – finance"
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Chen, Haiwei. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 20, n. 2 (30 giugno 2017): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100241.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Both parametric and nonparametric tests show that housing price volatility is lower in states that impose a real estate transfer tax on transaction values than those that impose no such tax in the United States. However, regression analyses show no difference in price volatility between the two tax regimes, after controlling for known economic and demographic factors, such as income, population growth, mortgage rates, property taxes, and jobless rates. Such a conclusion is robust because the fixed effect and the two-way clustering models are used to account for irregularities in the error structures.
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Majewska, Agnieszka. "Real estate derivatives as financial instrument – possibility prospects of usage in Poland". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, n. 3 (18 settembre 2020): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(3).2020.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article refers to the theoretical framework of the possibility of using real estate derivatives in the Polish financial market. Although the Polish property market is well developed, and Poland is the leader in the Central and Eastern Europe region, there is a gap in the use of financial instruments concerning the property market. Given the lack of a property derivatives market in Poland, conditions and opportunities for this market development are presented. The experience of the United Kingdom and the United States in this field shows that one of the most important aspects is stable and a well-functioning financial market. Therefore, the macroeconomic data and the data of the Polish financial market are examined.The analysis carried out indicates sufficient conditions and opportunities for the development of real estate derivatives in Poland. The macroeconomic data and data from the capital market have shown the economic environment’s stability and balance. One of the limitations is the existence of a clear and respectable index used as an underlying asset in derivatives on the Polish market. Only WIG real estate index is listed on the Polish Exchange. Although there are sufficient conditions for introducing the real estate derivatives in Poland, the success of all financial innovations depends on the willingness of potential users to use them.
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Zhao, Qinna, Robert A. Simons e Zhong Fen. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 19, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2016): 515–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100231.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Incineration plants and derelict industrial sites can have a number of adverse effects on the local environment and social welfare, including the diminution of property values. Although there are many incineration plants in China, there has been relatively little research done to quantify their negative externality effects. This study therefore considers the effects of three municipal incineration plants in Hangzhou city on residential property values. Hedonic pricing modeling of 2,200 residential transactions in over 70 multifamily buildings within ten kilometers of the incineration plants over a one year period including 2014 and 2015 is carried out. Generally, the results show that the neighboring properties show decreases in the initial listing price of up to 25%, declining until the effect is gone about three kilometers from the incinerator. The most consistent losses are approximately 10% between 1-2 kilometers from the nearest incinerator. These results are comparable to similar situations in the United States and Canada.
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Simons, Robert A., Jesse Saginor, Aly H. Karam e Hlengani Baloyi. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 11, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2008): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100098.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study reports the results of a contingent valuation (CV) survey that was carried out in Johannesburg, South Africa. Students at Wits University conducted more than 300 face-to-face interviews with Africans living and/or working in Soweto, an African township located on the outskirts of Johannesburg, and nearby areas. The questions they asked were designed to determine the perceptions of risk regarding airborne mine dust and radon, a naturally occurring gas, and the effect that these perceptions had on the valuation of residential properties impacted by these substances. A probit model was used to evaluate the determinants of bidder behavior, using respondent demographics and other characteristics as independent variables. Residential property discounts for potentially contaminated housing sites by marginal bidders at the top of the market varied from -24% to -50%. Research issues in developing countries were addressed. Contingent valuation results in South Africa were compared to published results in the United States.
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Larsen, James E. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 18, n. 3 (30 settembre 2015): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100204.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A previous study led its authors to conclude that superstition impacts price formation for single-family dwellings in the Vancouver area. Houses there with an address that ends in the "unlucky¨ number 13 are found to sell at a discount compared to otherwise similar houses. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the previous results apply in another North American housing market. Hedonic regression is applied to single-family house transactions that occurred in Montgomery County, Ohio, to determine if houses with an address of 13 sold for different prices than houses that comprise the remainder of the sample. The same test is then conducted for houses with an address other than 13. No mispricing associated with the number 13 is discovered, but seven other addresses are found to be significantly related to price. As all but one of the significant house numbers identified in this study are not reputed to be particularly lucky or unlucky, we conclude that the price effects discovered are attributable to coincidence. The results of this first study to investigate the possibility of mispricing due to superstition about the number 13 in a residential property market in the United States are consistent with rational market behavior.
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Aronow, Mary Ellen, Clark S. Binkley e Courtland L. Washburn. "Explaining Timberland Values in the United States". Journal of Forestry 102, n. 8 (1 dicembre 2004): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/102.8.14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The financial fortunes of timberland investors ultimately depend on conditions in markets for timberland properties. The behavior of timberland markets, however, is not well understood. In this article, we use data from the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCREIF) Timberland Property Index to develop historical series of timberland property values in the US South and US Pacific Northwest. We then use these historical series to examine the influence of operating revenues and interest rates on timberland values in each region. The former is influential, while the latter is not.
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Sexton, Terri A. "Property Tax Expenditures: Classified Property Tax Systems". Public Finance and Management 14, n. 2 (giugno 2014): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397211401400206.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper focuses on the tax expenditures arising from property tax policies that apply different (non-zero) assessment ratios or tax rates to real property with the primary objective of redistributing the tax burden by taxing different classes of real property at different effective rates. In addition to reducing the property tax burden on favored classes of property, such classified property tax systems can result in reduced tax revenues. An overview of the various property tax classification systems used in the United States is provided along with tax expenditure estimates reported by several states. In a case study of local governments in Tennessee we provide estimates of two different measures of tax expenditures: The revenue lost to counties and municipalities resulting from a switch from a uniform to a classified property tax, and the shift in tax burden that results from a revenue-neutral switch from uniform to classified assessment.
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Collins, William J., e Katharine L. Shester. "Slum Clearance and Urban Renewal in the United States". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2013): 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.5.1.239.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We study the local effects of a federal program that helped cities clear areas for redevelopment, rehabilitate structures, complete city plans, and enforce building codes. We use an instrumental variable strategy to estimate the program's effects on city-level measures of income, property values, employment and poverty rates, and population. The estimated effects on income, property values, and population are positive and economically significant. They are not driven by changes in demographic composition. Estimated effects on poverty reduction and employment are positive but imprecise. The results are consistent with a model in which local productivity is enhanced. (JEL I32, N32, N92, R23, R38, R58)
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Rosato, Paolo, Raul Berto e Chiara D'Alpaos. "Risk and returns in real estate development projects at the black swan test [Rendimento e rischio d’investimento immobiliare alla prova del cigno nero]". Valori e Valutazioni 31 (febbraio 2023): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20223103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The real estate market is affected by great uncertainty due to the nexus of various factors: a) the specificity of the assets traded, which are illiquid, unique and very hetherogeneous from each other; b) the ‘structural disequilibrium’ of the market caused by the differences emerging in elasticity of supply with respect to demand; c) the non-competitiveness of the market, which often turns into a bilateral monopoly; d) the great variability of market prices. Since the subprime mortgage crisis that broke out at the end of 2006 in the United States, it has clearly emerged that, in a sector that represents about a third of world wealth, it is necessary, on the one hand, to implement proper and increasingly sophisticated valuation tools, to support the design of effective risk management strategies and, on the other hand, to improve the reliability of real estate data, in order to allow for a more robust verification of the hypotheses on the trend of the cash flows generated by the investment and a more accurate valuation of the investment risk and, consequently, of the project expected rate of return. The main objective of this work is to investigate the accuracy and robustness of the estimates of real estate investors of the expected returns on an urban development project in a medium-sized city representative of the North East of Italy. Using a simulation-based approach, the gap between the observed internal rate of return, estimated ex post on the basis of the actual trend of the parameters that influence investment returns, and the expected internal rate of return, calculated ex ante on the basis of the information available at the time of the investment decision. Firstly, we constructed the time series from 1995 to 2015 of the expected and observed internal rates of return of investments in the residential sector. We obtained the time series of the cash flows generated by the investment under investigation by implementing a simulation-based approach. Starting from the comparison between observed internal rate of return and expected internal rates of return, we identified ex post the risk implicitly assumed by the investor at the time of the decision to undertake the investment. Secondly, the effectiveness of the Capital Asset Pricing Model as a method for estimating the return on a property investment was verified, by comparing the project’s observed (ex post) internal rate of return with its ex ante rate of return, estimated through the Capital Asset Pricing Model. To carry out the above analyses, we constructed the time series of observed and expected internal rate of returns from 1995 to 2015 of investments in the residential sector. The time series of the internal rate of returns of real estate investments were obtained by implementing a simulation-based approach to determine the cash flows of real estate investments representative of the context under investigation and by adopting as model inputs the parameters usually adopted in ex-ante and ex-post real estate valuations. Starting from the comparison between observed and expected internal rate of returns, we identified ex-post the risk implicitly assumed by the developer at the time of the decision to undertake the investment. Finally, by investigating the determinants of the divergence between the investment’s observed and expected internal rate of return and cyclical variables, we identified the factors (i.e., the macroeconomic fundaments) which, in the period under investigation, affected investment risk and, consequently, investment return. Finally, by investigating the relationships that account for the difference between the observed and expected internal rate of return and the economic factors that can determine the current stage in economic cycles, we identified the determinants of invetment risk and returns. Il mercato immobiliare è affetto da grande incertezza dovuta a una concatenazione di diversi fattori: a) la specificità dei beni scambiati che sono illiquidi, unici e molto eterogenei tra loro; b) il “disequilibrio strutturale” del mercato causato dalla diversa elasticità del- l’offerta rispetto alla domanda; c) la non concorrenzialità del mercato che, assume spesso le caratteristiche del monopolio bilaterale; d) la grande variabilità dei prezzi di mercato. A partire dalla crisi dei mutui sub- prime scoppiata alla fine del 2006 negli Stati Uniti, è emerso chiaramente come, in un settore che rappresenta circa un terzo della ricchezza mondiale, sia necessario, da un lato, operare con strumenti valutativi adeguati e sempre più sofisticati, in grado di suppor- tare l’individuazione di strategie efficaci di gestione dei rischi e, dall’altro, migliorare l’affidabilità dei dati immobiliari, in modo da consentire una verifica più ro- busta delle ipotesi sull’andamento dei flussi di cassa generati e una stima più accurata del rischio e, conseguentemente, del tasso di rendimento atteso. Obiettivo principale del presente lavoro è di investigare l’accuratezza delle previsioni effettuate da un ipotetico operatore immobiliare sul rendimento di un investi- mento a sviluppo in una città di medie dimensioni rap- presentativa della provincia dell’Italia settentrionale. Attraverso un approccio basato sulla simulazione, è stato calcolato lo scarto fra il tasso interno di rendimento effettivo, stimato ex post in base all’andamento effettivo dei parametri influenti sul rendimento stesso, e il tasso interno di rendimento atteso, calcolato ex ante sulla base delle informazioni disponibili al mo- mento della decisione d’investimento. In primo luogo, è stata costruita la serie storica dal 1995 al 2015 dei tassi interni di rendimento attesi ed effettivi dell’investi- mento immobiliare residenziale a sviluppo. Le serie storiche sono state ottenute mediante la simulazione dei flussi di cassa di investimenti immobiliari rappresentativi della realtà indagata. A partire dal confronto fra tassi interni di rendimento effettivi e tassi interni di rendimento attesi è stato individuato, ex post, il rischio assunto implicitamente dall’investitore al momento della decisione di intraprendere l’investimento stesso. In secondo luogo, è stata verificata la bontà del Capital Asset Pricing Model come metodo di stima del rendi- mento di un investimento immobiliare a sviluppo, confrontando il tasso interno di rendimento effettivo e il tasso di rendimento ex ante stimato attraverso il Capi- tal Asset Pricing Model stesso. Infine, indagando sulle relazioni che intercorrono fra lo scarto fra tasso di rendimento interno effettivo e atteso e le variabili congiunturali, sono stati individuati i fattori che, nel periodo considerato, hanno maggiormente influito sul rischio al quale si è esposto l’investitore al momento di investire.
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KONDRATEV, Vladimir. "Deindustrialization Issues in the United States". Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, n. 3 (2019): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2019-3-130-147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to conventional wisdom accepted at the end of the 20th century, the United States had to move to a "post-industrial" economy, transfer production offshore and concentrate on research, software and finance. However, over time, real national costs of that strategy have become obvious. Not only has the U.S. manufacturing sector lost 5 million jobs in 20 years. Its persistent pattern of weakness is indicated by weak productivity growth, production increases in just a few industries, decreasing numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises, shortages of skilled personnel, expanding trade deficits in advanced technologies and increased risks for defense sector.
Tesi sul tema "Real property – united states – finance"
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Man, King-fai. "The effects of political business cycle in the United States on Hong Kong's property market". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558836.
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文景輝 e King-fai Man. "The effects of political business cycle in the United States on Hong Kong's property market". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558836.
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Markwith, James Q. "Did the Founding of the United States Federal Reserve Impact the Financial Markets of the United Kingdom?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1353.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper examines U.K financial metric data to determine whether or not the founding of the Federal Reserve had real economic effects on the U.K financial markets. To measure for real effects I use a composite stock price index collected from a variety of industries. I develop the theory using empirical conclusions from past studies on the Federal Reserve and its impact on U.S financial markets to direct my examination of the U.K markets. Although the U.K data shows that the founding of the Federal Reserve influenced short-term interest rates, the analysis does not find real effects on U.K stock prices and long-term interest rates.
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Ijla, Akram M. "The impact of local historical designation on residential property value an analysis of three slow-growth and three fast-growth central cities in the United States /". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1206539169.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-135). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
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Paterson, Robert W. "Nonmarket Valuation and Land Use: Two Essays". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PatersonRW2001.pdf.
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Davis, Jeffery P. "Information technology portfolio management and the real options method (ROM) managing the risks of IT investments in the Department of the Navy (DON) /". Thesis, View thesis via the Naval Postgraduate School View thesis via DTIC, 2003. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA420489.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 5, 2004). "December 2003." "ADA420489"--URL. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69). Also issued in paper format.
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"Causes and consequences of foreign takeovers in the United States: A real sector imperfections perspective". Tulane University, 1991.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the causes and consequences of foreign takeovers in the United States. In particular, I try to find whether real sector imperfections motivate foreign takeovers For a sample of 96 foreign takeover targets (taken over during the period 1975-1987), I empirically study the foreign takeovers in three stages: (i) the pre-takeover stage, (ii) the transaction stage, and (iii) the post-takeover stage The real sector imperfections model of foreign takeovers predicts that the motives of foreign takeovers in the United States are (a) to enter or expand the United States' market, and (b) to obtain synergistic gains by acquiring an appropriate target The empirical findings confirms the contention that foreign bidders are motivated by real sector imperfections in the United States. In particular, the findings in the pre-takeover stage show that foreign bidders acquire firms in markets characterized by high degree of marketing skills, as measured by the advertisement expenditure. Also, more takeover activity is targeted in industries which themselves make high level of foreign direct investment implying that the bidders use takeovers as a vehicle of quick entry to counteract rival firms' moves. The surprising result is that takeovers do not take place in high technology (as measured by R & D expenditures) industries. Another result pertaining to the target firms' industries shows that these takeovers take place in more mature, low growth industries. All these results, however, lose their significance when compensation for choice based sampling is made. The foreign targets, on an average, are smaller than the non-targets. The foreign bidders takeover firms with very low levels of intangible assets, as measured by the market-to-book value The findings of takeover-stage show that the wealth effect on the announcement of a takeover is significantly higher for foreign targets than for domestic targets. Also, foreign bidders pay a significantly higher premium for targets whose operations are related to their own. The results weakly indicate that the foreign bidders pay a relatively higher premium for firms with lower levels of intangible assets, showing their preference for such firms Finally, the findings of the post-takeover stage show that the foreign bidders use the targets as a base for expansion through new investments in forty cases. The bidders also divest a substantial portion of assets in thirty-one cases. Most of these divestitures are probably taken to correct past managerial mistakes. In twenty-two cases the targets report changes in top management positions. Finally, although, fifteen firms report post-takeover layoffs and investment cuts, the magnitude of such changes is very small The direct evidence on foreign takeover activity shows that foreign takeovers are good for United States and that there is no reason to restrict themacase@tulane.edu
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Farrell, Roger. "The political economy of Japanese foreign direct investment in real estate, 1985-1994". Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144371.
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Wilson, Carol Marie. "The arsenal of democracy drops a stitch : WWII industrial mobilization and the Real Silk Hosiery Mills of Indianapolis, Indiana". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4664.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Conventional interpretations of WWII hold that the war brought the United States out of the Great Depression and laid the path for future economic prosperity. However, this was not the case for all businesses and industries. During WWII, unprecedented production output was required of U.S. industries to supply the great “Arsenal of Democracy.” Industrial mobilization required the creation of new agencies and commissions to manage the nation’s resources. These organizations created policies that deeply impacted U.S. industries involved in war production. Policies governing such areas as the allocation of raw materials, transportation of finished goods, and distribution of war contracts created challenges for businesses that often resulted in lost productivity and in some cases, loss of profitability. Government regulation of the labor force and labor problems such as labor shortages, high absenteeism and turnover rates, and labor disputes presented further challenges for businesses navigating the wartime economy. Most studies of WWII industrial mobilization have focused on large corporations in high priority industries, such as the aircraft, petroleum, or steel industries, which achieved great success during the war. This thesis presents a case study of The Real Silk Hosiery Mills of Indianapolis, Indiana, a company that is representative of small and mid-sized companies that produced lower priority goods. The study demonstrates that the policies created by the military and civilian wartime agencies favored large corporations and had a negative affect on some businesses like Real Silk. As such,the economic boost associated with the war did not occur across the board.
Libri sul tema "Real property – united states – finance"
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Sirota, David. California real estate finance. 7a ed. La Crosse, WI: Dearborn Real Estate Education, 2010.
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D, Fisher Jeffrey, a cura di. Real estate finance and investments. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005.
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D, Fisher Jeffrey, a cura di. Real estate finance and investments. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2008.
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M, Levey Marc, a cura di. Foreign investment in the United States: Law, taxation, finance. New York: J. Wiley, 1989.
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Brueggeman, William B. Real estate finance and investments. 9a ed. Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1993.
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Brueggeman, William B. Real estate finance and investments. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1997.
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Brueggeman, William B. Real estate finance and investments. Chicago: Irwin, 1997.
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Brueggeman, William B. Real estate finance and investments. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2001.
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Lush, Minnie. California real estate finance. La Crosse, WI: DF Institute, Inc., s/b/a Dearborn Real Estate Education, 2013.
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Minnie, Lush, a cura di. California real estate finance. 6a ed. Chicago, Ill: Dearborn Real Estate Education, 2007.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Real property – united states – finance"
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OPAR, JOHN L. "Shari'ah-Compliant Real Estate Investment in the United States". In Contemporary Islamic Finance, 323–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118653814.ch21.
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Varghese, Sangeeth. "Future of Work and Business". In Future of Business and Finance, 177–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36382-5_15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractOur professional lives are tightly integrated to the overall future of humanity on several dynamics including family, social identity, physical and mental health, and economy. In 2050, there would be sweeping transformation of the way we work. Europe and the United States will face a decline in population and a shortage of manpower, whereas population in Africa and Asia would continue to grow and act as a source of manpower for these regions. However, Africa and South Asia would continue to be plagued by the absence of infrastructure and capital. Labor force from these regions would migrate to the developed regions in search of better opportunities and improved livelihood. Across the world, unemployment among the youth would increase multifold, leading to severe political and social unrests, resulting in disintegration and implosion of many nation states. From a micro perspective, from an organizational point of view, by 2050, many of them would revert to social capital—trust and goodwill between individuals and their communities—to coordinate business activities compared to the current formal systems like business contracts, management policies, hierarchies, and bureaucratic rules. There would also be sprouting of micro-multinationals that would replace large multinationals of today. Business decisions being driven by real-time data analysis and predictive and actionable data would help them thrive.
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Hernandez, Ariel Macaspac. "The Philippines as a Case Study—Populism and Institutional Activism in Transformation Processes Towards Sustainability". In Taming the Big Green Elephant, 205–24. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31821-5_10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe current resurgence and reinforcement of populists in many countries has profited not only from various real or imagined crises (e.g., 2015-present refugee crisis in Europe or the caravan of migrants in Latin America heading to the United States), but also from how established political parties and polities have addressed these crises, which have disenfranchised, in a de facto manner, a significant portion of the population. Former Greek finance minister and Professor of Economics at the University of Athens, Yanis Varoufakis, notes that President Trump’s election, Brexit, and the resurgence of right-wing political parties in Germany, Austria & other countries are not new in history, but merely “a post-modern variant of the 1930s, complete with deflation, xenophobia, and divide-and-rule politics” (Varoufakis 2016). Populist movements have found and instrumentalized compelling issues, such as emission reduction, to gain political importance.
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Magrini, Alessandro. "Assessment of agricultural productivity change at country level: A stochastic frontier approach". In Proceedings e report, 197–202. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.37.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, we estimate agricultural productivity change at country level based on the same data employed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the current reference data source, using a stochastic frontier model instead of the growth accounting method. The use of a stochastic frontier model is motivated by the opportunity to overcome the limitation of USDA estimates which rely on approximated and imputed input cost shares, and of the growth accounting method in general, which ignores technical inefficiency. We found that, in general, USDA estimates are higher in absolute value than ours but in substantial agreement, confirming the different theoretical foundations of the two methods and suggesting the empirical validity of both of them. Furthermore, our results show that the assumption of constant returns to scale made by many authors appears just a simplification and not a real property of the production processes of the various countries. This work has the value to provide, for the first time in the literature, a comparison between agricultural productivity changes estimated with different methodologies, and an additional data source that can be employed in a large variety of longitudinal economic analyses at country level.
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Broude, Richard F. "Secured Transactions in Personal Property in the United States". In Cross-Border Security And Insolvency, 45–58. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198299219.003.0004.
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Abstract The federal system of government under which the United States operates has meant that, while the Federal Government is responsible for bankruptcy laws, laws governing secured transactions in real and personal property are the province of the various states. The Constitution grants Congress the power to enact ‘uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States’.1 Although it is not necessary that there be a federal bankruptcy statute,2 a bankruptcy law has been continuously in effect since 1898.3 When there is a federal bankruptcy statute, contradictory state laws are superseded.
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Park, K.-Sue. "Race and Property Law". In The Oxford Handbook of Race and Law in the United States, C6.S1—C6.N88. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190947385.013.6.
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Abstract This chapter examines the key role of race in producing property values in the history of the American property law system. It identifies major developments in the mutually formative relationship between race and property in America that made and remade property interests through the processes of dispossessing nonwhites; degrading their homelands, communities, and selves; and limiting their efforts to enter public space and occupy or acquire property within the regime thereby established. The chapter begins by looking at the use of law to create the two most important forms of property in the colonies and early Republic—enclosed land and enslaved human beings—both of which acquired value and status as property through white ownership and control. The way that race produced property values shifted significantly after the abolition of slavery, and the anti-blackness entrenched by the slave trade spurred and organized resistance to Black landownership and property rights more generally. After the government consolidated the national territory through conquest, it drew upon the continuing backlash to abolition and widespread desire for racial segregation to remake the infrastructure and the very commodities on offer on the real estate market through its notorious redlining program and establishment of a major secondary mortgage market.
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Keohane, Georgia Levenson. "Innovative Finance in Communities Across the United States". In Capital and the Common Good. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231178020.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
examine whether some of the place-based investment strategies, like the Community Reinvestment Act and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit—which have unlocked billions of dollars in private capital for real estate, affordable housing and enterprise development—lend themselves to more people-centric services. We look at innovations in financial inclusion and asset building, approaches intended to create wealth for the poor, often by simply connecting them to resources they are already eligible for, like the Earned Income Tax Credit. We also investigate the U.S. experience with social impact bonds (SIBs), pay-for-success contracts between local government, nonprofit service providers, and private investors whose capital underwrites preventive services. The idea is that if the interventions succeed, the investors will be repaid out of the social savings. The SIB industry is still new in the US and the track record is mixed. However, the larger lessons about good governance, evidence-based policy-making, and blended capital are relevant for innovative finance in U.S. communities for a growing set of capital investments that fuse the place and people lenses. Like development projects that link affordable housing with community health centers. In this paradigm, mobility is critical to economic opportunity, and investments in physical and social infrastructure are mutually reinforcing.
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Lastowska, Greg. "Cyberproperty in the United States". In Socioeconomic and Legal Implications of Electronic Intrusion, 149–63. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-204-6.ch009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the past three decades, the growing importance of computing technology to modern society has led to regular calls in the United States for new and stronger forms of legal protection for computer equipment. Legal reforms in the United States have included the passage of laws targeting unauthorized access to computer systems, laws regulating online advertising, new criminal provisions related to identity theft, and copyright reforms protecting private interests in digital files. One of the most interesting and controversial legal developments, however, has been the acceptance by some courts of a new modification to an old common law property interest. Under the theory of cyberproperty, the owners of computer chattels have been granted the right to prohibit non-damaging contact with their systems. Essentially, cyberproperty amounts to a right to exclude others from network-connected resources (Wagner, 2005). The right is analogized to a right to exclude others from real property. Many legal scholars in the United States have supported the creation of a cyberproperty right, arguing in law review articles that this development is justified (Bellia, 2004; Epstein, 2003; Epstein, 2005; Fairfield, 2005; Hardy, 1996; McGowan, 2003; McGowan, 2005; Wagner, 2005; Warner, 2002). Other scholars, including myself, have argued against cyberproperty doctrine, claiming that it is dangerously overbroad and ill-suited to the nature of the networked environment (Burk, 2000; Carrier & Lastowka, 2007; Hunter, 2003; Lemley, 2003; Madison, 2003; O’Rourke, 2001; Quilter, 2002; Winn, 2004). This chapter has two parts. The first part explains the doctrinal evolution of cyberproperty in the United States. In the first part of this chapter, I provide an overview of the seminal cases that led up to the California Supreme Court’s decision in Intel v. Hamidi (2003). Though the Hamidi case was a landmark decision for trespass to chattels on the internet, the issue of cyberproperty in the United States remains largely an open question. In the second part of this chapter, I examine and criticize what I see as the theoretical foundations of cyberproperty. Cyberproperty grows out of two confusions. First, it is based on the strange belief that exclusion of a party from access to a computer can be easily analogized to the exclusion of a person from access to land. Second, many proponents of cyberproperty have confused the operation of computer code with the power of the law. This reasoning is based on Professor Lawrence Lessig’s claim that “code is law.” Both of these foundations of cyberproperty theory are suspect. Computer chattels are very much unlike land. Even if we apply standard law and economic principles to computer networks, we find that private interests in computer systems are unlike standard property interests. Also, code is unlike law in many ways. In fact, almost all cyberlaw scholars who reference the “code is law” equation do so in order to criticize the equation of code and law, not endorse it. Thus, the theoretical foundations of cyberproperty doctrine in the United States seem to be both easily identified and easily criticized. Despite this, as stated earlier, it is possible that cyberproperty doctrine will continue to develop in the United States and elsewhere.
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Harahap, Berry A., Pakasa Bary, Linda N. Panjaitan e Redianto Satyanugroho. "Spillovers of United States and People’s Republic of China Shocks on Small Open Economies". In Macroeconomic Shocks and Unconventional Monetary Policy, 216–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838104.003.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter examines the impact of certain external shocks originating from the United States (US) and People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Indonesia as a small open economy. The spillover effects of tapering off, an interest rate hike, exchange rate devaluation, and real gross domestic product (GDP) are analysed. Two versions of the global vector autoregression model are employed, which covers 33 countries and considers both financial and trade relations among countries. The results suggest that the main risk for Indonesia’s real GDP is a shock to the PRC’s real GDP, while a US interest rate hike is the greatest risk to Indonesia’s exchange rate depreciation in the short term, especially compared to the US tapering off. Moreover, the dominant transmission channel of US monetary tightening is through finance, dampening economic growth in small open economies.
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Somos, Mark. "On Slavery and Race". In American States of Nature, 314–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462857.003.0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter reviews and extends the discussion of slavery and race that runs through previous chapters, starting with Paxton’s Case. Patriots and their critics alike pointed out the tension between colonial rights claims grounded in the state of nature, and colonial slavery. Portrayals of Native American innocence and virtue in the state of nature coexisted with accounts of their savagery, successfully repelled by the early settlers whose descendants, it was claimed, consequently held rights to property and self-government independently from Britain, which failed to finance or protect them. Optimistic, self-critical, racist, and abolitionist revolutionaries, all fearful of American degeneracy and corruption, used state of nature depictions of both abhorrent and justifiable slavery, and noble and savage Native Americans, to advocate for their vision for the new United States. This chapter reviews the whole spectrum of such uses of the state of nature, including the landmark Somersett’s Case and Mohegan Case.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Real property – united states – finance"
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Durusoy, Serap. "Destructive mid- and long-term Side Effect of the Crisis: Rising Protectionism". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00636.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Finance based crisis with its effect felt in the second quarter of 2007 has acquired global characteristics, and taken held of many countries. Global crisis not only has worn down constructive opinions regarding global capitalism, which played an important role in shaping the 20 th, but it has also discredited market economies. Thus, in many countries, including the United States of America, public rescue package implementations have lead to more desirable state interventions.On the other hand, economic activities in the global arena following the crisis slowed down and it became more difficult for financial structures to exist, and reduction in global trade movements were observed.This situation has lead for countries to include protective policies against the crisis as well. In study, protective studies will be addresssed, which wear down the globalization acting as a descriptive property of both experimental and normative reality in the definition of the process we are currently experiencing. As the economic problems gradually increase, the kind of shapes trade constrictions and protective instincts illustrate themselves and possible results of this will be examined on a country basis (EURASİAN, USA, EU, OECD). Expecially, it will be examined whether protectionism is the right solition policy against the crisis on not, and then the degree of the effect of this policy in the drop experienced in the recent months in international trade will be addressed. Lastly, the type of measurements taken in the international arena regarding protectionism and suficiently of the measurements will be assessed.
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Khidasheli, Mirza. "Looming Sovereign Debt Crisis – What’s Wrong with State-Regulated Economics". In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On January 19, 2023, the United States hit its debt ceiling, leading to a debt-ceiling crisis. US sovereign debt, for decades, was considered a risk-free investment, but the 2023 US debt ceiling crisis shocked the financial world. The COVID-19 pandemic has hung a heavy burden on public finances. Quarantined economic activity heavily affected state budget revenues all over the world. Before the Covid-19 crisis, there was the 2008 financial crisis with its famous outcomes, when economic stimulus was provided including state budget programs financed by sovereign debts. It was still pandemic circumstances when on 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in an escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War. In less than 20 years period the world has had three global-scale crises, but the deterioration social-economic picture is far less dramatic than it will be without state interventions. Nothing is free, it is an obvious and well-known economic axiom, so if the costs of these crises are not on the surface, it means that the problem is hidden somewhere and postponed in time. In a simplified picture we see that states' actions in the field of public finance aren’t rational. When revenues are decreasing, from a household point of view it is normal to turn on some austerity mode and live with less luxury, but different approaches are taken by the states when GDP growth and tax revenues are decreasing. The bright examples of these we saw during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 crisis. From an economic point of view, loans couldn’t be a source of prosperity. Moreover, sovereign credit puts on long-run burden on the real economy. Money is considered a sign of wealth and prosperity, but actually, in the fractional reserve banking system, it is not the same. For the creation of debt money in the modern credit system, we don’t need savings, we can create it simply from “thin air”. So, an increased volume of money and debt in the economy doesn’t mean prosperity, it means more burden on future generations and the economy at all. The real economy has to pay these debts in the long run future and there it will negatively affect welfare and prosperity. More Fiat money doesn’t create prosperity, prosperity is a result of economic growth and savings. Printing money without proportional economic growth or creating debt money without adequate savings, only exacerbates allocation of resources and wealth. So, money multiplier is not about wealth creation it’s about wealth allocations. Empirical pieces of evidence from the current century showed us that, a crisis is a signal, it is a communication instrument that should be considered correctly and with some scrutiny examinations about its origins and foundations. Tactical solutions can't give strategic outcomes. When empirical evidence shows that instruments used by the state to extinguish crises create much more scaled ones, it’s time for rethinking and structural reforms.
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Kurtz, Jennifer, Keith Wipke e Sam Sprik. "Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration: Study of Factors Affecting Fuel Cell Degradation". In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The 5 year “Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project” (or Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration) was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2004. The purpose of the project is to conduct an integrated field validation that simultaneously examines the performance of fuel cell vehicles and the supporting hydrogen infrastructure. Four industry teams are currently operating more than 92 vehicles and 14 refueling stations throughout the United States. More than 40 additional vehicles and several additional refueling stations will be added to the project through 2009. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), on-road driving and refueling data are analyzed to assess the technology status and progress, as well as to provide feedback to the hydrogen research and development community. A new/updated set of public results, in the form of composite data products (constructed to protect the intellectual property of the four teams), is released twice a year in the spring and fall. In addition to the public results, detailed analyses results are shared with each participating team. One of the analyses studies fuel cell degradation. The study includes following the fuel cell performance degradation trends, e.g. identifying fuel cell stacks that are decaying at a different rate than others of a similar design and in the same fleet, and explores connections between the real world data and fuel cell degradation. This study differs from other degradation studies in a lab setting or at the single cell level because this study uses full scale fuel cell stacks in vehicles with on-road driving and refueling. In the study, researchers investigate degradation factors by applying multivariate analyses for each individual team and for the combination of all four teams. Detailed results are reviewed with the individual teams in an effort to improve each analysis iteration and comprehension of the results. This paper will detail NREL’s study of fuel cell degradation factors by describing the process, reviewing the latest public results, and reporting on any observed dominant factor groups affecting fuel cell degradation.