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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Réaction OER"
Almeida, Dimitri. "„Wir sind im Krieg”: Macht, Polarisierung und Protest während der Covid-19-Pandemie in Frankreich". SYMPOSIUM CULTURE@KULTUR, 11 maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sck-2023-0002.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Réaction OER"
Kumar, Kavita. "Catalyseurs sans métaux nobles pour pile à combustible régénérative". Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2284/document.
Testo completoHydrogen, as an environmentally friendly future energy vector, is a non-toxic and convenient molecule for regenerative fuel cell, which connects two different technologies: an electrolyzer for H2 production, and a fuel cell for its direct conversion to electric energy. This kind of system possesses many advantages, such as lightness, compactness and more autonomy. However, improvement of activity and durability of electrode materials free from noble metals in their composition is needed. Thereby, bifunctional catalysts composed of transition metals deposited onto graphene-based materials were synthesized. The interaction between the metal atom of the oxide and the graphene doped heteroatom in the Co3O4/NRGO catalyst was investigated physicochemically. With a low cobalt loading, the interaction between cobalt and nitrogen was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, which revealed that it was responsible for decreasing the oxide nanoparticle size, as well as increasing the material activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The substitution of Co by Ni in the spinel structure (NiCo2O4/RGO) obtained by solvothermal synthesis, allowed the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performances towards the ORR and OER. Moreover, this catalyst as well as another material prepared in collaborative program with a lab from Technical University of Berlin were used as cathode in preliminary studies undertaken on solid alkaline fuel cell (SAFC)
Terry, Alexandre. "New mixed 3d metal-based oxyfluorinated materials as anodic catalysts for water splitting : from elaboration to mechanistic study". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. https://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2024/2024LEMA1029.pdf.
Testo completoIf hydrogen is a promising energy vector for sustainable energy storage, its production must rely on carbon-free technologies. Water splitting powered by green electricity is ideal for producing a decarbonized energy carrier from water. However, this process is hampered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxidation evolution reaction (OER, 2H2O ⇋ O2 + 4H+ + 4e-) at the anode, requiring extra energy to ensure a suitable production rate. Catalysts, usually iridium and ruthenium oxides, are employed to reduce the energy requirement by facilitating electron and proton transfer involved in OER, but these metals are scarce, limiting the scalability of this technology. To overcome this, oxides and oxyhydroxides catalysts based on cost-effective and abundant 3d transition metal-based have been developed for alkaline water splitting, presenting high performance. In this way, this work presents the synthesis of new oxyfluorides with eco-compatible and affordable elements using a simple and straightforward two-step synthetic route for application as OER electrocatalyst in alkaline electrolyte.The initial study focuses on iron-enriched oxyfluoride catalysts from thermal decomposition under ambient air of (Co1-xFex)2+Fe3+F5(H2O)7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.72). Results show that cobalt content can be reduced by 20% without affecting OER performance, achieving an overpotential of 320 mV at 10 mA.cm-2, a mass activity of 110 A.g-1 at 1.55 V vs. RHE and high stability. The second part aims to enhanced the catalytic properties of Co0.5Fe0.5O0.5F1.5 reference by substituting cobalt with nickel, known for its OER activity. The (Co(1-x)/2Nix/2)2+Fe0.5O0.5F1.5-y(OH)y (y ≤ 0.3) solid solution have been obtained by thermal decomposition (Co1-xNix)2+FeF5(H2O)7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The final section assesses the performance of these materials and studies their reaction mechanism. The x = 0.5 composition shows the best performance, with a low overpotential of 290 mV at 10 mA.cm-2 and a specific activity of 3.9 A.m-2 of BET surface area at 1.5 V vs. RHE. The origin of the exceptional catalytic properties of (Co0.25Ni0.25)2+Fe3+0.5O0.5F1.3(OH)0.2, highlighted via in-situ/operando analyses, among others, were employed, would stem from the synergy between Co and Ni, and the involvement of lattice oxygens in the mechanism (LOM), circumventing the theoretical limits linked to the conventional mechanism
Filimonenkov, Ivan. "Electrocatalyse de la réduction de l’oxygène et de l’oxydation de l’eau par des oxydes de métaux de transition : cas des pérovskites de Mn et Co". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF072.
Testo completoA study of electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions is closely related with a development of cathodic and anodic materials for fuel cells and elec-trolyzers. An objective of this thesis is to develop and investigate Mn, Co-oxide-based elec-trode materials active and stable in both the ORR and OER. Relationships between electro-chemical characteristics of perovskite/carbon compositions and properties of their compo-nents are stated and experimentally substantiated in the thesis. It is found a corrosion re-sistance of carbon materials under OER conditions is influenced not only by their crystalline order, but also by their intrinsic OER activity. It is shown the ORR and OER activity of Mn, Co-based perovskites linearly depends on the number of rechargeable Mn and Co cations, respectively. It is revealed a reversible oxygen intercalation through a crystal structure of Co-based perovskites occurs under OER conditions as well as at lower potentials
Saveleva, Viktoriia. "Investigation of the anodes of PEM water electrolyzers by operando synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF002/document.
Testo completoDevelopment of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis technology depends on the understanding of the OER mechanism. This thesis is devoted to the application of near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) techniques for operando investigation of the Ir, Ru - based anodes. For Ru-based systems, we observe the potential-induced irreversible transition of Ru (IV) from an anhydrous to a hydrated form, while the former is stabilized in the presence of Ir. Regarding single Ir-based anodes, the analysis of O K edge spectra reveals formation of electrophilic oxygen OI- as an OER intermediate. Higher stability of Ir catalysts supported on antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) is related to their lower oxidation. This work demonstrates different OER mechanisms on Ir, Ru-based anodes involving anion and cation red-ox chemistry, correspondingly, regardless the oxide nature
Nikkuni, Flavio. "Caractérisation du vieillissement de nanoparticules de Pt/C ou PtCo/C. Effets des modifications morphologiques et de composition sur l'électrocatalyse de la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961782.
Testo completoMakaoui, Karim. "Etude des propriétés de couches minces d'oxyde de titane déposées par procédés plasmas (PECVD, pulvérisation magnétron réactive DC et HPPMS)". Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b7cf9a46-4332-4ac8-8f90-6565588a6b3d.
Testo completoThis work concerns the study of titanium dioxide thin films deposited at low pressure and low temperature by plasmas processes. In addition to the interesting semiconducting properties for electron transport in solar cells, titanium dioxide is characterized by high refractive index and dielectric constant, which is attractive for electrical devices and integrated optics. The properties of titanium dioxide thin films are strongly dependent on the kind of process. Thus, we’ve studied and compared three different plasmas processes. The structural and chemical properties are studied by XRD, XPS and EDX whereas SEM is used for morphological properties. Ellipsometric measurements were performed in order to evaluate the optical properties. The PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition) way from O2/TTIP (Titanium Tetra Isopropoxide) mixture at low temperature (T<160°C) results in low carbon content films, with controllable structure, morphology and refractive index by tuning the bias voltage applied to the substrate ; the films are amorphous or weakly crystallized in anatase and/or rutile depending on ions energy. The films obtained by DC magnetron sputtering of titanium target in Ar/O2 are better crystallized and often present an anatase/rutile mixture. At last, we’ve obtained only rutile films with High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering (HPPMS). The structural and optical properties of films obtained by the different plasmas processes are compared, the optimal choice must take into account the kind of application
Ryabova, Anna. "Électrocatalyse de la réduction de l'oxygène et du peroxyde d'hydrogène sur les oxydes de manganèse". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF011/document.
Testo completoManganese oxides are of great interest due to their catalytic activity towards the ORR (the oxygen reduction reaction) in alkaline media and can be used as noble metal-free materials for the cathode in liquid and polymer electrolyte alkaline fuel cells. The present thesis is devoted to the investigation of the ORR activity of manganese oxides. It was shown that Mn2O3 with bixbyite structure has a better catalytic activity toward the ORR in alkaline media than other investigated manganese oxide, the surface activity of Mn2O3 is only 4 times lower than that of Pt at an overvoltage of 0.3 V (RHE). The link between the structure of Mn oxides and the ORR activity is found: the specific ORR activity exponentially increases with the potential of the surface Mn(III)/Mn(IV) red-ox couple. To ensure the high electrocatalytic activity of Mn2O3, it is necessary to add carbon to the electrode composition, as well as to keep potential above 0.7 V (RHE)
Soustelle, Vincent. "Interactions entre déformation et percolation de magma ou de fluide dans le manteau à l'aplomb des zones de subduction". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20151/document.
Testo completoThis work provides new constraints on the interactions between deformation and hydration process and the percolation of melt or fluids, and their implications for seismic properties of the mantle wedge. It is based on the analysis of spinel peridotites from the massif of Ronda (Spain) and two xenolith suites from active subduction zones (Kamchatka, Papua New Guinea). The structural, petrological and geochemical of these samples show that they underwent a reactive percolation of melt or fluid, which was synchronous to a deformation event occuring under high temperature and low stress consistent with the PT conditions of the base of the lithosphere or in the asthenosphere. This reactive percolation is responsible for pyroxenes enrichment localized in bands parallel to the deformation structures. This enrichment is associated with the grain size recuction and the disorientation of the crystals of olivine. The dominant slip system in olivine is {0 kl}[100], which results in fast S-wave polarization parallel to the flow direction in the mantle. The enrichment in pyroxene, associated with a decrease in the intensity of the olivine crystal preferred orientations, results in a significant decrease of the anisotropy that may induce error on the interpretation of the anisotropic layer (up to 33%). The observed orthopyroxene enrichment also lowers the Vp/Vs ratio, but cannot explain Vp/Vs < 1.7 mapped in some fore-arc mantles. Such low Vp/Vs ratios may however be explained by considering the intrinsic anisotropy of the peridotites, which is generally ignored in large-scale Vp/Vs ratio mapping of the mantle wedge
Hanana, Manel. "Fonctionnalisation de nanotubes de carbone par une approche non covalente pour l'électrocatalyse et l'optoélectronique". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF005.
Testo completoThe production of hybrid materials, combining the properties of their different building blocks without altering them, is a central issue of nanoscience. Among the different classes of nanomaterials being considered for this purpose, carbon nanotubes are an outstanding class of materials due to their optical, conductivity and their functionalization properties, that can be used for various applications in catalysis, electronics and optoelectronics. In the first part of this thesis, supramolecular hybrid structures based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and macrocycles (porphyrins, phthalocyanine or corrole) containing cobalt and/or iron ions have been performed and tested as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The non-covalent functionalization methods (based on either Hay-coupling or click chemistry) preserve the electronic properties of the nanotubes and enhances the stability of the resulting hybrids. Thanks to their emission properties in the near infrared region, single-walled carbon nanotubes are of peculiar interest in optoelectronics. However, their extreme sensitivity to the surrounding environment hinders their application. The production of hybrid materials that preserve their optical properties and facilitate their handling is therefore a key challenge. The second part of this PhD is dedicated to the functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for optoelectronics. To this end, it is necessary to carry the synthesis of a core-shell structures, composed of amphiphilic copolymers protecting the carbon nanotubes from their environment and facilitating their solubility in aqueous medium
Batalha, Nuno Miguel Rocha. "Optimization of the balance between activity and selectivity on a hydroisomerization catalyst". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2268/document.
Testo completoOne of the main challenges when developing adequate catalysts for the catalytic dewaxing process (hydroisomerization) is to maximize the isomerization products yield and the catalyst activity, while maintaining a low selectivity towards light cracking products. Indeed, shape selective catalysts based on medium pore zeolites, e.g. Pt/ZSM-22, were proven to produce high yields of isomerization products, whereas larger pore zeolites were more active but less selective. The main objective of this thesis was, then, to study and develop a catalyst with both high activity and selectivity towards the production of isomerization products. For that two parallel studies were made: the first based on the impact of the proximity between the active sites on the reaction (Part I); and the second, focused on the development of a high performance hydroisomerization catalyst using BEA zeolite nanocrystals as an acid support (Part II). The participation of the spilt-over hydrogen (Hsp) species on the hydroisomerization reaction mechanism played a major role on the study performed on the first part of this manuscript. Indeed, when the active sites were near enough the Hsp species were able to diffuse into the vicinity of the acid sites promoting the direct hydrogenation of the carbenium ions. Due to this fact, a reaction mechanism was proposed using this reaction as an alternative to the classical mechanism proposed by Weisz, where the hydrogenation reaction takes place on the metallic sites. This phenomenon justified the higher activity and selectivity observed on the catalysts where the active sites were sideby side. On the second part of this manuscript nanocrystals of BEA zeolite were