Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Rapidly varied flow"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Rapidly varied flow"
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Sobey, Rodney J., e Maarten W. Dingemans. "Rapidly Varied Flow Analysis of Undular Bore". Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 118, n. 4 (luglio 1992): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(1992)118:4(417).
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KIJIMA, Takuya, Katsuyuki NISHIDA e Nobuo SHUTO. "Numerical Computaion of a Rapidly Varied Flow with Free Surface". PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 34 (1990): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.34.577.
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Yang, Jinn-Chuang, Kun-Nan Chen e Hong-Yuan Lee. "An accurate computation for rapidly varied flow in an open channel". International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14, n. 3 (15 febbraio 1992): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140308.
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JHA, Akhilesh Kumar, Juichiro AKIYAMA e Masaru URA. "HIGHER ORDER FDS SCHEME FOR RAPIDLY VARIED 2-D FLOW SIMULATIONS". PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 43 (1999): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.43.503.
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Machalinska-Murawska, Justyna, e Michał Szydłowski. "Lax-Wendroff and McCormack Schemes for Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Gradually and Rapidly Varied Open Channel Flow". Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 60, n. 1-4 (1 ottobre 2014): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/heem-2013-0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Two explicit schemes of the finite difference method are presented and analyzed in the paper. The applicability of the Lax-Wendroff and McCormack schemes for modeling unsteady rapidly and gradually varied open channel flow is investigated. For simulation of the transcritical flow the original and improved McCormack scheme is used. The schemes are used for numerical solution of one dimensional Saint-Venant equations describing free surface water flow. Two numerical simulations of flow with different hydraulic characteristics were performed - the first one for the extreme flow of the dam-break type and the second one for the simplified flood wave propagation problem. The computational results are compared to each other and to arbitrary solutions.
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Kula, Anna, Ludwik Blaz e Patrycja Lobry. "Structure and Properties Studies of Rapidly Solidified Al-Mn Alloys". Key Engineering Materials 682 (febbraio 2016): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.682.199.
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Rapid solidification (RS) combined with plastic consolidation by hot extrusion was used to produce Al alloys with additions of varied concentration of Mn. RS flakes were manufactured using an inert gas atomizing of the molten alloy and the spray deposition on the water-cooled cooper roll. Rods of 7mm in diameter were received using cold pressing of RS-flakes, vacuum degassing and hot extrusion procedures. Mechanical properties of as extruded materials were tested in hot compression at temperature range 293K - 773K. It was found that the flow stress was reduced monotonically with deformation temperature for all tested materials. RS alloys exhibit higher mechanical properties than those produced by conventional metallurgy methods. Higher mechanical properties of RS materials are ascribed to beneficial particles morphology obtained due to the rapid solidification. Development of fine Al6Mn particles was observed in all tested RS-materials.
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Vasquez, Jose A., Robert G. Millar e Peter M. Steffler. "Two-dimensional finite element river morphology model". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, n. 6 (1 giugno 2007): 752–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-170.
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We report the development and application of a river morphology model based on the two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic model River2D. This new movable bed version of River2D was applied to simulate the bed elevation changes in four experiments: bed aggradation due to sediment overload, bed degradation by sediment supply shut-off, knickpoint migration, and bar formation in a variable-width channel. Some conditions in these experiments involved quick changes in the upstream boundary conditions, rapidly varied flow, supercritical flow, hydraulic jumps, and secondary flows. The results of the model agreed well with measured data. Notable features of the model are the use of a flexible unstructured mesh based on triangular finite elements to provide higher spatial resolution in areas of interest and transcritical flow capabilities to simulate supercritical flow and hydraulic jumps over movable beds. Key words: numerical modeling, rivers, scour, sedimentation, two-dimensional, finite elements.
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Leat, P. T. "Facies variations in peralkaline ash-flow tuffs from the Kenya Rift Valley". Geological Magazine 122, n. 2 (marzo 1985): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800031046.
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AbstractTwo late Quaternary ash-flow tuffs erupted as single flow units from the Menengai caldera volcano, Kenya, show marked facies variations. Dense welding of the tuffs close to source may have been promoted by their peralkaline trachyte compositions. Coarse, near-vent breccias are partly welded and were emplaced as lithic-rich parts of the body of pyroclastic flows. Non-welded tuff forms the bulk of the outflow sheets which include valley-fill deposits up to 520 m above the present caldera rim, indicating ash-flow generation by collapse of moderately high eruption columns. The flows overran varied topography which controlled development of ash-flow tuff facies. On hilly terrain, the flows became turbulent and separated into a lithic-rich, rapidly deposited part and a fine-grained lithic-and crystal-poor part which was subsequently deposited farther from source. Caldera walls belonging to an earlier caldera probably formed a major barrier to the spread of the second ash-flow from its site of collapse. There are many similarities in the facies variations in these peralkaline tuffs and subalkaline tuffs. Differences in welding characteristics and the shape of ash particles reflect the lower viscosity of peralkaline magma.
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Zerihun, Yebegaeshet T. "Modelling free surface flow with curvilinear streamlines by a non-hydrostatic model". Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, n. 3 (1 settembre 2016): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This study addresses a particular phenomenon in open channel flows for which the basic assumption of hydrostatic pressure distribution is essentially invalid, and expands previous suggestions to flows where streamline curvature is significant. The proposed model incorporates the effects of the vertical curvature of the streamline and steep slope, in making the pressure distribution non-hydrostatic, and overcomes the accuracy problem of the Saint-Venant equations when simulating curvilinear free surface flow problems. Furthermore, the model is demonstrated to be a higher-order one-dimensional model that includes terms accounting for wave-like variations of the free surface on a constant slope channel. Test results of predicted flow surface and pressure profiles for flow in a channel transition from mild to steep slopes, transcritical flow over a short-crested weir and flow with dual free surfaces are compared with experimental data and previous numerical results. A good agreement is attained between the experimental and computed results. The overall simulation results reveal the satisfactory performance of the proposed model in simulating rapidly varied gravity-driven flows with predominant non-hydrostatic pressure distribution effects. This study suggests that a higher-order pressure equation should be used for modelling the pressure distribution of a curvilinear flow in a steeply sloping channel.
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Luo, Xue, Yu-meng Shen, Meng-nan Jiang, Xiang-feng Lou e Yin Shen. "Ocular Blood Flow Autoregulation Mechanisms and Methods". Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/864871.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main function of ocular blood flow is to supply sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the eye. Local blood vessels resistance regulates overall blood distribution to the eye and can vary rapidly over time depending on ocular need. Under normal conditions, the relation between blood flow and perfusion pressure in the eye is autoregulated. Basically, autoregulation is a capacity to maintain a relatively constant level of blood flow in the presence of changes in ocular perfusion pressure and varied metabolic demand. In addition, ocular blood flow dysregulation has been demonstrated as an independent risk factor to many ocular diseases. For instance, ocular perfusion pressure plays key role in the progression of retinopathy such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. In this review, different direct and indirect techniques to measure ocular blood flow and the effect of myogenic and neurogenic mechanisms on ocular blood flow are discussed. Moreover, ocular blood flow regulation in ocular disease will be described.
Tesi sul tema "Rapidly varied flow"
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Lee, Sang-Heon. "Numerical modelling of rapidly varied river flow". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14377/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A new approach to solve shallow water flow problems over highly irregular geometry both correctly' and efficiently is presented in this thesis. Godunov-type schemes which are widely used with the finite volume technique cannot solve the shallow water equations correctly unless the source terms related to the bed slope and channel width variation are discretized properly, because Godunov-type schemes were developed on the basis of homogeneous governing equations which is not compatible with an inhomogeneous system. The main concept of the new approach is to avoid a fractional step method and transform the shallow water equations into homogeneous form equations. New definitions for the source terms which can be incorporated into the homogeneous form equations are also proposed in this thesis. The modification to the homogeneous form equations combines the source terms with the flux term and solves them by the same solution structure of the numerical scheme. As a result the source terms are automatically discretized to achieve perfect balance with the flux terms without any special treatment and the method does not introduce numerical errors. Another point considered to achieve well-balanced numerical schemes is that the channel geometry should be reconstructed in order to be compatible with the numerical flux term which is computed with piecewise constant initial data. In this thesis, the channel geometry has been changed to have constant state inside each cell and, consequently, each cell interface is considered as a discontinuity. The definition of the new flux related to the source terms has been obtained on the basis of the modified channel geometry. A simple and accurate algorithm to solve the moving boundary problem in two-dimensional modelling case has also been presented in this thesis. To solve the moving boundary condition, the locations of all the cell interfaces between the wet and dry cells have been detected first and the integrated numerical fluxes through the interfaces have been controlled according to the water surface level of the wet cells. The proposed techniques were applied to several well-known conservative schemes including Riemann solver based and verified against benchmark tests and natural river flow problems in the one and two dimensions. The numerical results shows good agreement with the analytical solutions, if available, and recorded data from other literature. The proposed approach features several advantages: 1) it can solve steady problems as well as highly unsteady ones over irregular channel geometry, 2) the numerical discretization of the source terms is always performed as the same way that the flux term is treated, 3) as a result, it shows strong applicability to various conservative numerical schemes, 4) it can solve the moving (wetting/drying) boundary problem correctly. The author believes that this new method can be a good option to simulate natural river flows over highly irregular geometries.
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Peltier, Yann. "Modélisation physique des écoulements débordants en présence d’un épi placé dans la plaine d’inondation". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10150/document.
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Si généralement, les variations de sections en travers des rivières naturelles ou anthropisées sont progressives et continues, au droit de certains biefs, des obstacles transversaux et discontinus (naturels ou artificiels) peuvent partiellement ou totalement bloquer les plaines d’inondation. L’écoulement dans la plaine d’inondation est dès lors contracté par l’obstacle, qui promeut le développement de zones de recirculation de part et d’autre de l’obstacle, entraînant une réduction de la section d’écoulement et la génération d’échanges de masse entre lits qui viennent se superposer aux interactions turbulentes. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la modélisation physique de ces écoulements et nous avons particulièrement étudié les distorsions introduites par l’obstacle sur la turbulence dans l’écoulement. Ce travail est basé sur de nouvelles expériences menées dans deux canaux à lit composé. Un jeu complet de données d’écoulements rapidement variés en présence d’un épi dans la plaine d’inondation. Les effets sur les paramètres hydrauliques de la superposition des deux problématiques que sont (i) les écoulements en géométries composées et (ii) les écoulements rapidement variés au voisinage d’un obstacle ont ensuite été analysés. Finalement, les processus physiques dominant dans ces écoulements ont été identifiésIf in natural or anthropized rivers, the river cross-section generally gradually and continuously varies, transversal and discontinuous obstacles either natural or artificial may partially or totally block off floodplains. The flow overbanking in the floodplain is therefore contracted by this obstacle which then promotes two recirculation zones of both sides of the obstacle, resulting in a reduction of the flow section and in the generation of strong mass exchange between channels that superimposes to the classical turbulent interactions. New experiments are conducted in two different compound channels: rapidly varied flows in compound channel with a groyne set on the floodplain. Flows with various groyne lengths and total discharges were investigated. Effects on the hydraulic parameters of the superimposition of the two problems that are (i) flow in compound geometry and (ii) rapidly varied flow in the vicinity of a thin obstacle were analysed. Finally, dominance of physical processes in such flow configuration is discussed
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TENG, WEI-HSIEN, e 鄧慰先. "Numerical simulations of rapidly varied flow in open channel transitions". Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19548388579322004405.
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WU, JUN-XIAN, e 吳俊賢. "Numerical simulation for discontinuous profile of rapidly varied flow in open channels". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98591652643255101472.
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Lee, Wen-Cheng, e 李文正. "Prediction and Improvement of Stability Behavior in a Rapidly- Varied Flood Flow Model". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61362412858486188909.
Testo completoLibri sul tema "Rapidly varied flow"
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Basco, David R. Computation of rapidly varied unsteady, free-surface flow. Reston, Va: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.
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Bernal, William, e Alberto Quaglia. Normal physiology of the hepatic system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0173.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hepatic blood inflow is from two sources—high-pressure, well-oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and low-pressure, partly deoxygenated blood from the portal vein. Hepatic inflow is maintained by variation in flows in these two systems. Although less than a third of total blood flow is delivered via the hepatic artery, it is responsible for the majority of hepatic oxygen supply. The liver can be subdivided into eight functionally independent segments, each with its own vascular inflow, outflow, and biliary drainage. The tri-dimensional hepatic microstructure is complex with geographic heterogeneity of hepatocellular function, and resistance to toxic, ischaemic, and metabolic damage. The liver is central to a wide variety of synthetic, metabolic, and detoxification functions. The overall balance of activity may be altered rapidly in response to systemic inflammatory stimuli.
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Golper, Thomas A., Andrew A. Udy e Jeffrey Lipman. Drug dosing in acute kidney injury. A cura di William G. Bennett. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0364.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Drug dosing in acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the broadest topics in human medicine. It requires an understanding of markedly altered and constantly changing physiology under many disease situations, the use of the drugs to treat those variety of diseases, and the concept of drug removal during blood cleansing therapies. Early in AKI kidney function may be supraphysiologic, while later in the course there may be no kidney function. As function deteriorates other metabolic pathways are altered in unpredictable ways. Furthermore, the underlying disorders that lead to AKI alter metabolic pathways. Heart failure is accompanied by vasoconstriction in the muscle, skin and splanchnic beds, while brain and cardiac blood flow proportionally increase. Third spacing occurs and lungs can become congested. As either kidney or liver function deteriorates, there may be increased or decreased drug sensitivity at the receptor level. Acidosis accompanies several failing organs. Protein synthesis is qualitatively and quantitatively altered. Sepsis affects tissue permeability. All these abnormalities influence drug pharmacokinetics and dynamics. AKI is accompanied by therapeutic interventions that alter intrinsic metabolism which is in turn complicated by kidney replacement therapy (KRT). So metabolism and removal are both altered and constantly changing. Drug management in AKI is exceedingly complex and is only beginning to be understood. Thus, we approach this discussion in a physiological manner. Critically ill patients pass through phases of illness, sometimes rapidly, other times slowly. The recognition of the phases and the need to adjust medication administration strategies is crucial to improving outcomes. An early phase involving supraphysiologic kidney function may be contributory to therapeutic failures that result in the complication of later AKI and kidney function failure.
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Mesinger, Fedor, Miodrag Rančić e R. James Purser. Numerical Methods in Atmospheric Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.617.
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The astonishing development of computer technology since the mid-20th century has been accompanied by a corresponding proliferation in the numerical methods that have been developed to improve the simulation of atmospheric flows. This article reviews some of the numerical developments concern the ongoing improvements of weather forecasting and climate simulation models. Early computers were single-processor machines with severely limited memory capacity and computational speed, requiring simplified representations of the atmospheric equations and low resolution. As the hardware evolved and memory and speed increased, it became feasible to accommodate more complete representations of the dynamic and physical atmospheric processes. These more faithful representations of the so-called primitive equations included dynamic modes that are not necessarily of meteorological significance, which in turn led to additional computational challenges. Understanding which problems required attention and how they should be addressed was not a straightforward and unique process, and it resulted in the variety of approaches that are summarized in this article. At about the turn of the century, the most dramatic developments in hardware were the inauguration of the era of massively parallel computers, together with the vast increase in the amount of rapidly accessible memory that the new architectures provided. These advances and opportunities have demanded a thorough reassessment of the numerical methods that are most successfully adapted to this new computational environment. This article combines a survey of the important historical landmarks together with a somewhat speculative review of methods that, at the time of writing, seem to hold out the promise of further advancing the art and science of atmospheric numerical modeling.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Rapidly varied flow"
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Mnassri, Souad, e Ali Triki. "On the Numerical Solution of the Rapidly Varied Regime in Open-Channel Flows". In Applied Condition Monitoring, 87–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76517-0_11.
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Margaryan, Lusine, e Peter Fredman. "Working with nature in designing cultural events: the case of Norway." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 80–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0080.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter looks at the role of nature in cultural events and the role of event design in facilitating holistic experiences of nature and culture. The chapter focuses on understanding how the cultural narratives (content) are woven into the natural environment (context) and how this relationship is designed to give rise to the event experience. The study is based on theoretical insights from the fields of event studies and nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation. Empirically, the case is based on Norway, which currently experiences rapid growth in tourism flows as well as proliferation of a wide variety of outdoor events in its scenic natural landscapes. The empirical data come from interviews with outdoor event managers as well as a visual analysis of the websites of cultural events in nature.
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Margaryan, Lusine, e Peter Fredman. "Working with nature in designing cultural events: the case of Norway." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 80–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter looks at the role of nature in cultural events and the role of event design in facilitating holistic experiences of nature and culture. The chapter focuses on understanding how the cultural narratives (content) are woven into the natural environment (context) and how this relationship is designed to give rise to the event experience. The study is based on theoretical insights from the fields of event studies and nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation. Empirically, the case is based on Norway, which currently experiences rapid growth in tourism flows as well as proliferation of a wide variety of outdoor events in its scenic natural landscapes. The empirical data come from interviews with outdoor event managers as well as a visual analysis of the websites of cultural events in nature.
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"Rapidly Varied Flow". In Open-Channel Flow, 199–245. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68648-6_7.
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"Computation of Rapidly Varied Flow". In Open-Channel Flow, 247–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68648-6_8.
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Coussot, Philippe. "Gradually and rapidly varied free surface flows". In Mudflow Rheology and Dynamics, 185–98. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203746349-10.
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Leonard, Anthony. "Direct Numerical Simulation Of Turbulent Flows". In Simulation and Modeling of Turbulent Flows. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195106435.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The numerical simulation of turbulent flows has a short history. About 45 years ago von Neumann (1949) and Emmons (1949) proposed an attack on the turbulence problem by numerical simulation. But one could point to a beginning 20 years later when Deardorff (1970) reported on a large-eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow on a 24x20x14 mesh and a direct simulation of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence was accomplished on a 323 mesh by Orszag and Patterson (1972). Perhaps the arrival of the CDC 6600 triggered these initial efforts. Since that time, a number of developments have occurred along several fronts. Of course, faster computers with more memory continue to become available and now, in 1994, 2563 simulations of homogeneous turbulence are relatively common with occasional 5123 simulations being achieved on parallel supercomputers (Chen et al., 1993) (Jimenez et al., 1993). In addition, new algorithms have been developed which extend or improve capabilities in turbulence simulation. For example, spectral methods for the simulation of arbitrary homogeneous flows and the efficient simulation of wall-bounded flows have been available for some time for incompressible flows and have recently been extended to compressible flows. In addition fast, viscous vortex methods and spectral element methods are now becoming available, suitable for incompressible flow with complex geometries. As a result of all these developments, the number of turbulence simulations has been increasing rapidly in the past few years and will continue to do so. While limitations exist (Reynolds, 1990; Hussaini et al., 1990), the potential of the method will lead to the simulation of a wide variety of turbulent flows. In this chapter, we present examples of these new developments and discuss prospects for future developments.
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Fu, Anne Y., e Yohei Yokobayashi. "Elastomeric Microfabricated Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorters". In Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter describes the development of elastomeric microfabricated cell sorters that allow for high sensitivity, no cross contamination, and lower cost than any conventional fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The course of this development depends heavily on two key technologies that have advanced rapidly within the past decade: microfluidics and soft lithography. Sorting in the microfabricated cell sorter is accomplished via different means of microfluidic control. This confers several advantages over the conventional sorting of aerosol droplets: novel algorithms of sorting or cell manipulation can be accomplished, dispensing of reagents and biochemical reactions can occur immediately before or after the sorting event, completely enclosed fluidic devices allow for studies of biohazardous/infectious cells or particles in a safer environment, and integration of other technologies can be implemented into the cell sorter. In addition, because of the easy fabrication process and inexpensive materials used in soft lithography, this elastomeric microfabricated cell sorter is affordable to every research laboratory and can be disposable just as a gel in gel electrophoresis, which eliminates any cross contamination from previous runs. Because of the advent of soft lithography, many inexpensive, flexible, and microfabricated devices could be designed to replace flow chambers in conventional flow cytometers. Soft lithography is a micromachining technique that uses the process of rapid prototyping and replica molding to fabricate inexpensive elastomeric microfluidic devices with materials such as plastics and polymers. The elastomeric properties of plastics and polymers allow for an easy fabrication process and for cleaning for reuse or disposal. A variety of biological assays can also be carried out as a result of the chemical compatibilities of different plastic materials with different solvents. More accurate sorting of cells can be accomplished because the sorting region is at or immediately after the interrogation point. On-chip chemical processing of cells has been accomplished and can be observed at any spot on the chip before or after sorting. Time-course measurements of a single cell for kinetic studies can be implemented using novel sorting schemes. Furthermore, linear arrays of channels on a single chip, the multiplex system, may be simultaneously detected by an array of photomultiplier tubes (PMT) for multiple analysis of different channels.
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Marrone, Babetta L., e Robert C. Habbersett. "DNA Fragment Sizing by High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry: Applications in Bacterial Identification". In Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
High-sensitivity, single-molecule detection in flow is a paradigm that has been defined at Los Alamos over the last two decades. A recent focus has been on applications of single- molecule detection for DNA fragment sizing using a compact, low-power, highsensitivity flow cytometer (HSFCM). There are three key aspects of our approach that distinguish it from conventional flow cytometry and yield the high level of sensitivity that we achieve: a detector with high photon-detection efficiency, a small probe volume to reduce background noise, and slow flow to provide extended analyte dwell time in the probe volume. An additional factor for applications in DNA fragment sizing is a DNA stain with significant fluorescence enhancement when bound to double-stranded DNA, and low background fluorescence in the unbound state. DNA fragment sizing by HSFCM has important applications in bacterial species and strain identification, where it can replace the cumbersome and time-consuming pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) approach routinely used by public health labs for bacterial identification. The revolutionary capability to interrogate single DNA molecules, as well as potentially other submicron-sized biological particles, in a high-sensitivity flow cytometer will provide new scientific insights into cellular and molecular biology and introduce high-sensitivity flow cytometry to a wide variety of new applications in biotechnology. Flow cytometry has enabled major advances in the biomedical sciences by providing rapid, quantitative, and sensitive multiparameter measurements of individual cells and subcellular particles such as chromosomes. This analysis of individual entities produces information on population heterogeneity that is not revealed in ensemble measurements and that allows more precise quantitation of distinct attributes than is possi ble when measurements are done in bulk. However, one limitation of conventional flow cytometry is the inability to measure submicron-sized particles or weakly fluorescent particles labeled with fewer than several hundred fluorophores, primarily as a result of insufficient detection sensitivity. A wide variety of important biological particles, molecules, and molecular assemblies fall into these categories. There have been many reports of bacterial measurement and characterization by conventional flow cytometry, dating back to 1947. In 1979, Steen developed a microscope-based system specifically for applications in microbiology. Many bacteria are large enough to generate a light-scatter signal, which is useful for their detection.
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Graves, Steven W., e John P. Nolan. "Molecular Assemblies, Probes, and Proteomics in Flow Cytometry". In Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The many proteins and nucleic acids encoded in the genome predominantly perform their functions as macromolecular assemblies. In fact, modern biomedical research often targets the interactions of individual molecules of these assemblies, usually by disrupting or enhancing specific contacts, to provide treatment for many different diseases. Therefore, efficient pharmaceutical design requires knowledge of how macromolecular assemblies are built and function. To achieve this goal, sensitive and quantitative tools are essential. This chapter will discuss the use of flow cytometry as a general platform for sensitive measurement and quantification of molecular assemblies. First, this chapter will introduce general methods for analysis of molecular interactions along with a comparison of flow cytometry with these methods. Second, an overview of current flow cytometry instrumentation, assay technologies, and applications in molecular assembly analysis will be given. Third, the implementation of the above approaches in molecular assembly will be discussed. Finally, potential future directions of flow cytometry in molecular assembly analysis will be explored. At present, the analysis of macromolecular assemblies is performed by a wide variety of techniques that are chosen for the target molecules under study (proteins, DNA, lipids, etc.), the type of measurement required (kinetic or equilibrium), and whether the assembly of interest needs to be studied in vivo or in vitro. This continuum of techniques can be divided into the heterogeneous assays, which require a separation step to resolve products from reactants, and homogeneous assays, which can measure interactions without a separation step. Heterogeneous assays, in general, use radioisotopes, which are not perturbing; offer excellent sensitivity; and provide accurate quantification. The products are quantified after a separation step such as gel filtration, gel electrophoresis, or centrifugation. Rapid quench methods can provide subsecond kinetic resolution; however, the added separation steps are tedious and make collection of kinetic time courses difficult, as each time point must be separated and measured individually. Furthermore, in the time it takes the separation to occur, the interaction of interest can dissociate, which is a problem specific to low-affinity assemblies. Nonetheless, by using rapid chemical quench techniques, reaction times as short as a few milliseconds can be observed. Homogenous assays can be separated into solution- or surface-based assays. Solutionbased assays measure an optical signal generated by the assembly to quantify an interaction. High component concentrations (micromolar) allow changes in intrinsic molecular properties, such as protein fluorescence or circular dichroism, to be used to study molecular assemblies. For greater sensitivity (nanomole component concentrations), resonance energy transfer or polarization assays using exogenous fluorescent labels can be used. In combination with stopped-flow spectroscopy methodologies, solution-based assays allow reactions to monitored in a continuous fashion with submillisecond dead times.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Rapidly varied flow"
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Zhingre Sanchez, Jorge D., Lars M. Mattison, Michael G. Bateman e Paul A. Iaizzo. "Computational Simulations of Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstructions Associated With Varied Replacement Valve Geometries". In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6916.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Transcatheter replacement therapies for the atrioventricular (AV) valves are considered as the next frontier for the treatment of valvular regurgitation. The AV valves, tricuspid and mitral, are the regulators of blood flow from the atria into the ventricles. During diastole, blood flows through the open tricuspid and mitral valves to fill the right and left ventricles, respectively. During systole, the ventricles contract, closing the AV valves, and forcing the blood to exit through their respective ventricular outflow tracts (VOTs) to the arterial circulations. Although the current gold standard for the treatment of valvular regurgitation is surgical replacement or repair, the field of transcatheter therapies is rapidly expanding as new treatment options for patients; especially for those individuals considered to be at greater risks for surgical complications. Market released bioprosthetic devices for replacing the aortic and pulmonary valves have shown great promise and success. However, the advancement of similar therapies for either the mitral and tricuspid valves remain in the early stages of development. This slower progress is attributed to the high complexities and variabilities of the AV valves, which present challenges for both device design and post-implantation functions.
2
Chen, Kuangxu, Bin Zhang e Chunlei Liang. "A 3D Parallel High-Order Solver With Curved Local Mesh Refinement for Predicting Arterial Flow Through Varied Degrees of Stenoses". In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21667.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A 3D parallel high-order spectral difference (SD) solver with curved local mesh refinement is developed in this research to simulate flow through stenoses of varied degrees (50%, 60%, 65%, 70% and 75%) of radius constriction at inlet Reynolds number of 500. This solver employs high-order curved mesh in the vicinity of arterial wall and the local mesh refinement technique reduces the overall computational cost by distributing more elements in critical regions. In simulation of flow through stenosis of 50% radius constriction, velocity profiles predicted from the SD solver agree well with previous DNS results and experimental data. Mesh independency study shows that numerical results from a conforming and a non-conforming mesh agree well with each other. When the constriction degree is larger than 50%, visualizations through iso-surfaces of Q-criterion show that vortex rings are ejected from the stenosis throat, advecting downstream before they hit the vessel walls and they finally break down and merge into a large bulk region of small-scale turbulence. The observation is consistent with the vorticity contour which is characterized by development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability when shear layers are formed, rolled up and advected downstream between the central jet and the recirculation region. When the constriction degree turns to 75%, the flow transitions rapidly downstream of stenosis throat and dramatic pressure drop is witnessed. This provides a fluid-dynamic explanation for clinical definition of critical stenosis (i.e. over 75% luminal radius narrowing). Furthermore, pressure drop across a stenosis is found to be proportional to square of ratio of non-stenosed area to minimum area at the stenosis throat with a linear correlation coefficient equal to 0.9998. Finally, this solver is proven to have excellent scalability on massively parallel computers when multi-level refinement of meshes is performed to capture small-scale structures in the turbulence region.
3
Alam, Md Mahbub, An Ran e Yu Zhou. "Flow-Induced Vibration of a Cylinder in the Wake of Another of Smaller Diameter". In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28086.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents cross-flow induced response of a both-end-spring-mounted circular cylinder (diameter D) placed in the wake of a rigid circular cylinder of smaller diameter d. The cylinder vibration is constrained to the transverse direction. The cylinder diameter ratio d/D and spacing ratio L/d are varied from 0.2 to 1.0 and 1.0 to 5.5, respectively, where L is the distance between the center of the upstream cylinder to the forward stagnation point of the downstream cylinder. A violent vibration of the cylinder is observed for d/D = 0.2 ∼ 0.8 at L/d = 1.0, for d/D = 0.24 ∼ 0.6 at 1.0 < L/d ≤ 2.5, for d/D = 0.2 ∼ 0.4 at 2.5 < L/d ≤ 3.5, and for d/D = 0.2 at 3.5 < L/d ≤ 5.5, but not for d/D = 1.0. A smaller d/D generates vibration for a longer range of L/d. The violent vibration occurs at a reduced velocity Ur (=U∞/fnD, where U∞ is the free-stream velocity and fn the natural frequency of the cylinder system) beyond the vortex excitation regime (Ur ≥ 8) depending on d/D and L/d. Once the vibration starts to occur, the vibration amplitude increases rapidly with increasing Ur. It is further noted that the flow behind the downstream cylinder is characterized by two predominant frequencies, corresponding to the cylinder vibration frequency and the natural vortex shedding frequency of the cylinder, respectively. While the former persists downstream, the latter vanishes rapidly.
4
Fujita, Shunya, Yutaka Abe, Akiko Kaneko, Fuminori Chonan, Tomohisa Yuasa, Tomoomi Segawa e Yoshikazu Yamada. "Flushing Phenomena and Flow Structure by Microwave Heating". In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67354.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a denitration conversion processes of the nuclear fuel cycle, mixed oxides (MOX) are produced from the reprocessing solution (plutonium and uranium mixed nitrate solution) of used nuclear fuel. The microwave heating (MH) method has various advantages as one of denitration conversion techniques, i.e., this can complete rapidly processes, reduce the waste liquid, and operated easily by the waveguide. Fine crystal powders are thereby generated, and the manufacture of high-density and high-quality pellets is significant advantage. The MH method is accompanied with transient boiling phenomena such as overflow and flushing. From the viewpoint of enhancing mass productivity and cost efficiency, in the future, scaling up for the size of denitration vessel and shortening processing time are desired. In addition, the safe design of device and the appropriate conditions in microwave irradiation process are required. Hence the extensive understanding of transient boiling phenomena induced by microwave heating is important, and the detailed mechanism of flushing and overflow should be clarified. The aim of this study is to clarify transient boiling phenomena and detailed mechanism of flushing and overflow. Flushing and overflow are affected by physical factors such as solution properties, vessel characteristics, and input energy. Distilled water and different dielectric constant solution as working fluid are used. Dielectric constant was adjusted the concentration of potassium chloride aqueous solution. A cylindrical vessel kept enough clean by ultrasonic washing machine before experiments was used. The influence of vessel diameter and initial water depth on flushing and overflow are examined. As input energy, amount of power supplied and position of the object to be heated in a oven are varied. A high-speed video camera was installed to observe boiling phenomena, and thermography and fiber optic thermometer were to measure the temperature on vessel walls and in a solution, respectively. As a result, it was confirmed that generation of single bubble led to flushing from visualization. Boiling water was strongly blown up after rapid generation and collapse of the bubble. Positions where bubbles generated were randomly, and flushing strength is also various. Behaviors leading to flushing were classified into three types. First type is that first generation bubble from heating leads to flushing. Second type is that nucleate boiling continues during heating and stop, finally single bubble generates and leads to flushing. Third type is defined that gradual evaporation occurs without bubbles. Temperature rising behavior of three types were measured. By observing transient boiling phenomena, it was confirmed that numerous microbubbles were instantaneously generated and grown rapidly in water. Thus, we focused the total quantities of heat required for bubble formation and growth and released by flushing were calculated. Finally, both quantity of heat tended to be roughly same.
5
Das, Saurish, Suranjan Sarkar, Gary H. Lee e Ong Junxiong. "Prediction of Flow-Accelerated Corrosion/Erosion in High-Speed Ejectors Using a CFD Model". In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93668.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In high-velocity ejector systems containing liquid droplets, ejector walls are sometimes damaged by flow-accelerated corrosion/erosion. Velocity, droplet size, impact angle etc. are the most important parameters affecting flow-accelerated (FA) corrosion/erosion. In our plant operation, we had experienced FA corrosion/erosion and consequent failure even with very low impact angle. To understand the leak/ failure, we have adopted the Euler-Euler multiphase model-based CFD approach. In the Euler-Euler multiphase model, the liquid droplets are modelled as dispersed phase while the gas-steam is modelled as a continuous phase. To capture the droplet dynamics very accurately, appropriate correlations for drag, lift and wall lubrication force have been chosen. In CFD simulations we have observed liquid film formation at the ejector wall. The liquid film moves along the ejector wall creates a very high wall shear-stress. In the location of high wall shear-stress, one can expect high FA corrosion/erosion and consequent leak. Qualitative comparison of the X-ray image of the actual equipment with the CFD results for wall-shear stress shows very good agreement in terms of predicting leak location. Moreover, we have varied the droplet size and the liquid fraction in the upstream of the ejector. Qualitatively we have observed that with increase in droplet size the material removal rate increases, however, the affected area of the leak decreases. The more liquid in the system increases the wall-shear stress very rapidly. The present CFD model is useful for predicting the leak-prone location and taking predictive actions (e.g. cladding the wall with a high-grade material).
6
Bake, Friedrich, Ulf Michel e Ingo Roehle. "Fundamental Mechanism of Entropy Noise in Aero-Engines: Experimental Investigation". In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27300.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Entropy noise caused by combustors increases rapidly with rising Mach number in the nozzle downstream of the combustion chamber. This is experimentally shown with a dedicated test facility, in which entropy waves are generated in a controlled way by unsteady electrical heating of fine platinum wires immersed in the flow. Downstream of the heating module called Entropy Wave Generator (EWG) the pipe flow is accelerated through a convergent-divergent nozzle with a maximum Mach number of 1.2 downstream of the nozzle throat. Parameters like mass flux of the flow, nozzle Mach number, amount of heating energy, excitation mode (periodic, pulsed or continuously), and propagation length between Entropy Wave Generator and nozzle have been varied for the analysis of the generated entropy noise. The results are compared with the results of a one-dimensional theory found in early literature.
7
Linevich, Vadim, Shriram Pillapakkam e Pushpendra Singh. "Experimental Study of Dispersion of Particles at a Two-Fluid Interface". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65348.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When small particles like, flour, pollen, etc., contact an air-liquid interface, they disperse rapidly in the lateral direction. Using direct numerical simulation (DNS) we showed that the rapid dispersion is due to the fact that the capillary force pulls particles into the interface causing them to accelerate to a large velocity. The vertical motion of a particle during its adsorption causes a radially-outward lateral flow on the interface that causes nearby particles to move away. The goal of this study is to experimentally analyze the reasons for the rapid dispersion of particles when they are simultaneously adsorbed at a two-fluid interface. Specifically, we will analyze the effect of particle size on the oscillatory behavior of a single particle, as it is being trapped at an air-water interface. The diameter of a particle will be varied between 300–850 μm. Our experimental setup consists of a high speed camera with a resolution of 512×512 pixel and the recording speed up to 3000 frames per second which is connected to a 12X microscope. The camera outputs are analyzed to determine the frequency and amplitude of oscillation during adsorption. The measured amplitudes and frequencies for the micro glass spheres used in the experiment were found to be in qualitative match with the DNS results.
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Shao, Huaishuang, Yungang Wang, Haidong Ma e Qinxin Zhao. "Numerical Investigation on Two-Phase Flow Characteristic in the Separated Structure Shell-and-Tube Waste Heat Boiler". In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3283.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The shell-and-tube waste heat boiler is a common facility to recover and utilize the energy of flue gas in industries. To improve the ability and efficiency of the boiler, a steam dome is configured above the drum so as to arrange more heat exchange tubes. Simulation and analysis of vapor-liquid two-phase flow across tube bundles arranged in the drum are of vital importance to design and safety operation. Numerical simulation of boiling two-phase flow across tube bundles in the drum was carried out to analyze the shell side thermal-hydraulics. Commercial software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 was adopted for modeling and computational calculations. The applied modeling approach was validated against experimental results with a good agreement. In order to analyze the vapor-liquid two-phase flow performance under various working conditions, the inlet velocity of downcomer tubes of 3m·s−1, 4m·s−1 as well 5m·s−1 for saturated water were simulated, respectively. The pressure field, flow characteristic, void fraction distribution and heat transfer characteristic were analyzed to have a good knowledge of the boiler operation. The following conclusions have been drawn through analyzing simulation results. (1)The total pressure drop on shell side increased with increasing the inlet velocity of downcomer tubes of saturated water. (2)The velocity of saturated water decreased after flowing into the drum less than z = 0.1m as the flow area increasing, and then increased rapidly as the volume of the mixture two-phase flow increasing. (3)The integral average void fraction of the drum decreased as the mass flow rate of inlet saturated water increasing. (4)The HTC (heat transfer coefficient) of the heat exchange tubes varied with the flow direction, which is related to the vapor-water void fraction. The conclusions obtained above can be used as a reference for the design of the separated structure shell-and-tube waste heat recovery boiler.
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Larsen, E. H., M. Cerza, A. N. Smith e C. Thomas Conroy. "Investigation of a Capillary Assisted Thermosyphon (CAT) for Shipboard Electronics Cooling". In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56483.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As microprocessors shrink in size and increase in power dissipation levels, the current need for advanced electronics cooling techniques is paramount since power dissipation levels are rapidly exceeding the capabilities of forced air convection cooling. This paper reports an investigation of using a capillary assisted thermosyphon for the shipboard cooling of electronics components. The capillary assisted thermosyphon differs from the capillary pumped loop or loop heat pipe system in that the basic cooling loop is based on a thermosyphon. The capillary assist comes from the fact that there is a wicking structure in the flat evaporator plate, however, the wicking structure is there to spread the working fluid across the flat plate evaporator in the areas under the heat sources. This differs from a capillary pumped loop in that the wick structure does not produce a capillary pumping head from the liquid return to the vapor outlet side of the evaporator. In fact, the liquid return and vapor outlet are almost at the same pressure. The forced circulation in the thermosyphon is caused by a gravity head between the condenser cold plate and the flat plate evaporator. An experimental facility for conducting research on capillary assisted thermosyphon was developed. In order to simulate the shipboard cooling water encountered at various locations of the ocean, the heat sink temperature of the facility could be varied. A vertical flat plate, CAT evaporator was designed and tested under thermal sink temperatures of 4, 21 and 37°C. The condenser cold plate cooling water flow rate varied from 0.38 to 3 GPM. The heat input varied from 250 to 1500 W evenly spread over the area of the evaporator. The CAT flat plate evaporator performed very well under this range of heat inputs, sink temperatures, and cold plate flow rates. The main result obtained showed that as heat input increased the amount of subcooling between the evaporator vapor outlet line and liquid return line increased. This subcooling did not hinder thermal performance as measured by the internal operating temperature.
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Alam, Md Mahbub, e Ma Zhe. "Phase-Lag-Induced Fluctuating Lift Forces on Two Tandem Bluff Bodies". In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45128.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A numerical simulation at a Reynolds number Re = 200 is conducted to find how flow-induced forces on two tandem circular cylinders is connected to the phase lag between vortex sheddings from the cylinders. The spacing ratio L* (= L/D) is varied from 2 to 9, where L is the cylinder center-to-center spacing and D is the cylinder diameter. Here we mainly focus on fluctuating lift coefficient CLf of the upstream cylinder, vortex dynamics in the gap between cylinders, and phase lag ϕ between the vortex sheddings from the two cylinders for L* larger than the critical where the co-shedding flow prevails. ϕ is indeed nonlinear function of L*, Strouhal number (St) and convection velocity of vortices in the gap between the cylinders. We unearth that the upstream cylinder CLf is affected by both L* and ϕ. While the contribution of L* to CLf diminishes rapidly with L*, that of ϕ makes the L*-dependent CLf variation damped-sinusoidal, persisting in the L* range examined. The inphase and antiphase flows respectively correspond to a local maximum and minimum CLf. How CLf is correlated with L* and ϕ can be deduced as, C L f = A e −α L * + B e −β L * sin ϕ + π 2 + C , where A, α, B, β and C are constants. The physics behind the damped-sinusoidal variation in CLf is discussed.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Rapidly varied flow"
1
Rudyk, Myroslava. COMMUNICATIVE FEATURES OF UKRAINIAN VIDEO BLOGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF YOUTUBE-CHANNELS OF «TORONTO TV», YANINA SOKOLOVA, AND OSTAP DROZDOV. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11111.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the study of the Ukrainian segment of video blogging as one of the most popular types of the functioning of the modern blogosphere. The content and statistics of popular video blogs were studied on the example of YouTube channels of Ukrainian bloggers and famous journalists. Today we are witnessing the rapid development of technologies that help journalists become better, and the creators of media content to work more quickly and ensure the completeness of the information. With the help of Internet communication, new ways of disseminating information have appeared in journalism. Journalists more often create their blogs on various platforms. Blogosphere video content has become very popular among the Ukrainian audience on YouTube because today the video format is the most effective in terms of communication. The YouTube social network partially replaces television, and the variety of thematic content is ably adapted to a wide audience. The paper analyzes Ukrainian blogs managed by journalists, where they publish different content formats. Therefore, the presentation of various examples of video blogs in our work helps to understand the specifics of Ukrainian blogging at its current stage of development. After all, videos of popular people such as Michael Shchur, Yanina Sokolova, Ostap Drozdov demonstrate the peculiarities of Ukrainian popular video content. For the research, we chose those blogs that are currently relevant to Ukrainian YouTube and have their specifics and uniqueness. The main objective of a blogger is to react quickly to the flow of information because the rating of the channel being monetized depends on it. With the help of statistical data, we can conclude that the Ukrainian audience is interested in a wide range of different information. Viewers now value the independent opinion of bloggers and more often listen to it. Every important event is covered by bloggers promptly. And the format in which it is presented depends on the individual style of the author and the concept of his channel. We can conclude that the video content of the modern blogosphere is developing rapidly. This provides the audience with information for different tastes.
2
Computation of rapidly varied unsteady, free-surface flow. US Geological Survey, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri834284.
Testo completo