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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Rape victims"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Rape victims"

Koss, Mary P., Thomas E. Dinero, Cynthia A. Seibel e Susan L. Cox. "Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Are There Differences In the Victim's Experience?" Psychology of Women Quarterly 12, n. 1 (marzo 1988): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1988.tb00924.x.

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Most published research on the victim–offender relationship has been based on small samples that consisted mainly of women who were raped by nonintimate and nonromantic acquaintances, who viewed their experience as rape, and/or who were seeking treatment. In the present study, 489 rape victims were located among a national sample of 3, 187 female college students by a self-report survey that avoided reliance on helpseekers. Two sets of comparisons were performed. First, the experiences reported by victims of stranger rape ( n = 52) were compared with those of victims of acquaintance rape ( n = 416). Then, the experiences of women assaulted by different types of acquaintances were compared including nonromantic acquaintances ( n = 122), casual dates ( n = 103), steady dates ( n = 147), and spouses or other family members ( n = 44). Rapes by acquaintances, compared with strangers, were more likely to involve a single offender and multiple episodes, were less likely to be seen as rape or to be revealed to anyone, and were similar in terms of the victim's resistance. In general, acquaintance rapes were rated as less violent than stranger rapes. The exception was rapes by husbands or other family members which were rated equally violent to stranger rapes but were much less likely to occur in a context of drinking or other drug use. In spite of these different crime characteristics, virtually no differences were found among any of the groups in their levels of psychological symptoms. A significant feature of these data is that they have tapped the experiences of unreported and unacknowledged rape victims, a group that is potentially much larger than the group of identified victims.

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George, William H., e Lorraine J. Martínez. "Victim Blaming in Rape: Effects of Victim and Perpetrator Race, Type of Rape, and Participant Racism". Psychology of Women Quarterly 26, n. 2 (giugno 2002): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00049.

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Stereotypes about Black sexuality fostered hypotheses that racial factors and racism influence rape victim blaming. Predominantly White and Asian college students (170 men, 162 women) completed the Modern Racism Scale and evaluated a rape vignette varying victim race, perpetrator race, and rape type. As predicted, racial factors determined victim blaming. Compared to intraracial rapes, interracial rapes were less uniformly judged as “definitely rape” and were judged as having more culpable and less credible victims, and less culpable perpetrators. For men, racism scores positively predicted victim blaming in all rapes. For women, racism scores moderated victim blaming in interracial acquaintance rapes. In our conclusions, we emphasize the durability of racial stereotypes about rape and their influence on discriminatory adjudication outcomes.

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Ullman, Sarah E. "A Comparison of Gang and Individual Rape Incidents". Violence and Victims 14, n. 2 (gennaio 1999): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.14.2.123.

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This study examined differences between gang and individual offender rape incidents reported to the Chicago police. Analyses showed that victims and offenders in gang rape incidents were younger, more likely to be unemployed, but not different in marital status or race than victims and offenders in individual rapes (e.g., single offender, single victim crimes). Gang rapes were characterized by more alcohol and drug involvement, fewer weapons, more night attacks, less victim resistance, and more severe sexual assault outcomes compared with individual rapes. Regression analyses revealed distinct correlates of physical injury outcomes for gang and individual rape incidents. Implications for treatment and prevention of these types of assaults are discussed.

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Uddin, Md Kafil, Manasi Saha, Md Nasir Uddin Gazi, Sandip Talukdar e Mir Md Raihan. "Study on Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Alleged Sexual Assault Cases in Rajshahi District in 2020". TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 35, n. 1 (10 agosto 2022): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v35i1.61143.

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Introduction: Rape is a neglected public health issue in Bangladesh. Here, the incidence of rape is reported almost every day. However, this study was designed to analyze and explore the statistics of alleged rape cases in the Rajshahi district in 2020. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (DFMT), Rajshahi Medical College (RMC), Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from January 2020 to December 2020. A total of 101 study subjects were included in this study. The data were collected from the alleged rape victims who were sent to the DFMT for medico-legal examination. Informed written consent was signed, and a thumb impression was taken by the victim with her legal guardian when the apparent age of the victim was under 12 years status before data collection. This study explores age, marital status, the pattern of assailants, place of occurrence, religion, opinion based on a physical or genital examination, and corresponding police station with another expert investigative organization such as the Police Bureau of Investigation (PBI) of Rajshahi district. Results: Most of the victims were under 20 years old. Among all victims, 46.53% were unmarried, and 42.57% were married. In maximum cases, the victims were sexually assaulted by the known assailants. Almost two-thirds of alleged rapes occurred in the victim's house and the nearby place of the victim’s house. Only 11.88% of victims were examined with positive signs regarding sexual intercourse. Maximum victims (98.02%) were Muslim. Rape cases were frequent in Godagari, Belpukur, and Chndrima police stations. Conclusion: The findings of this study may work as baseline information and would be constructive in raising social awareness. TAJ 2022; 35: No-1: 45-50

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Dhaka, Poonam, Elsche Magdalena Kalola e Sanmari Steenkamp. "Attitudes toward rape victims among University of Namibia students". Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences 8, n. 2 (21 agosto 2020): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/.v8i2.1515.

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A common misunderstanding about rape is that the perpetrator is driven by a sexual desire motivated by the victim’s seductive dressing or behaviour. The damaging impact of rape on the victim not only affects the victim’s emotional, psychological and physical state, but its ripple effects impact the larger systems of families, friends and life partners. The literature on studies of attitudes toward rape shows that there is an overall negative attitude towards rape victims leading to discrimination, stigma and, consequently, under-reporting of rape. The main focus of the present study was to investigate university students’ attitude toward rape victims. Furthermore, the study sought to explore gender differences in acceptance of rape victims. A convenience sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 131 students between the ages of 19-38 years. The sociodemographic questionnaire and Attitudes Towards Rape Victims Scale (ATRVS) were self-administered to collect quantitative data and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that male students have significantly higher unfavourable attitudes towards rape victims in comparison to females. Most of the rape victims are judged by what they wear and their location. However, both genders showed an acceptance of rape victims, even though a small number of males indicated “mildly disagree” on the scale. To be effective at reducing victimization, results strongly suggest rape awareness programs and interventions targeting society’s attitude and ways of dealing with a victim. Without community involvement and change in societal attitudes toward rape, legal policies will remain ineffective.

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Wilbanks, William. "Is Violent Crime Intraracial?" Crime & Delinquency 31, n. 1 (gennaio 1985): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128785031001007.

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The commonly accepted view that violent crime is intraracial as opposed to interracial is reexamined. Victim survey data on perceived race of offender are used to suggest that the issue of intraracial versus interracial crime should be examined from four perspectives: white offender's choice of victim (e.g., white or black); black offender's choice of victim; white victim's perception of race of offender; and black victim's perception of race of offender. A Detailed analysis of victimization survey data indicates that violent crime in the United States (robbery, assault, and rape) is intraracial from three perspectives (whites chose other whites as victims, whites were largely victimized by other whites, and blacks were largely victimized by other blacks). However, black offenders were more likely to choose white victims in robberies, assaults, and rapes. Tentative and alternative explanations for this previously unexamined fact of interracial crime are suggested.

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Ferenz, Jerzy M. "SYTUACJA OFIAR PRZESTĘPSTWA ZGWAŁCENIA PO NOWELIZACJI KODEKSU KARNEGO Z DNIA 13 CZERWCA 2013 R." Zeszyty Prawnicze 16, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2016): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2016.16.1.06.

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The Situation of Rape Victims after the Amendment of 13June 2013to the Polish Penal CodeSummaryThe paper describes the situation of rape victims in Poland followingthe amendment of 13 June 2013 to the Polish Penal Code. Under thenew provisions rape is an offence prosecutable in proceedings officiallybrought by the public prosecutor. Hitherto rape charges were brought bythe victim or the victim’s legal guardian. This study concerns the issueof the substantive and procedural legal consequences for the victim whodoes not want to testify because of the particular situation in which he/she has found himself, e.g. rape trauma syndrome or dependence onthe offender.

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Adiningsih, Aprilia Putri, e Ridwan Arifin. "Victims of Rape and The Legal Protection: Problems and Challenges in The Victimological Studies". Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 3, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v3i1.56688.

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Victims of the crime of rape have not received optimal legal protection, even though they have been legally protected through the Law on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims, the Law on Child Protection, or the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. However, the concept of Indonesian criminal law, which focuses more on punishing and deterring criminals, has not been able to accommodate the rights of victims, especially in cases of certain crimes such as rape. In the case of rape, the victim receives an immaterial loss (loss of honor) which is legally difficult to materialize, so that the punishment is limited to imprisonment and a fine which is not sufficient to restore the victim's loss and restore the victim's trauma. This study aims to analyze the protection of victims of rape crime in the perspective of victimology and law. This study uses a normative legal approach, literature review and legal analysis. This study found that the juridical sera, the protection of victims of crime, including victims of rape, has been regulated by the state through several laws. The rights of victims have also been mentioned, ranging from restitution, to recovery of victims' losses and trauma. However, in cases of rape, victims are often dissatisfied with the punishment given to the perpetrators of this crime.

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Dupuis, Erin C., e Jason A. Clay. "The Role of Race and Respectability in Attributions of Responsibility for Acquaintance Rape". Violence and Victims 28, n. 6 (2013): 1085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00013.

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Previous researchers have explored the role of race and respectability, independently, on attributions of responsibility; however, the interaction between race and respectability has not been analyzed in situations of acquaintance rape. Participants (N = 241) read a vignette detailing a case of acquaintance rape that manipulated the race of both the victim and the perpetrator and the respectability of the victim. Regression and ANOVA analyses indicated that victim race and respectability interacted in such a way that when Black victims were respectable, they were held less responsible than respectable White victims; however, less respected Black victims were held more responsible than less respected White victims. Manipulating perpetrator race revealed surprising results; the White perpetrator was found guilty more often than the Black perpetrator (although this appeared to be related to victim race).

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Vrij, Alder, e Hannah R. Firmin. "Beautiful Thus Innocent? The Impact of Defendants' and Victims' Physical Attractiveness and Participants' Rape Beliefs on Impression Formation in Alleged Rape Cases". International Review of Victimology 8, n. 3 (settembre 2001): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800100800301.

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This experiment examined the possible beneficial effects of victims' and defendants' good-looks in an alleged rape case. It was hypothesized that people who especially endorsed ‘Rape Myths’ would be more favourable towards victims and defendants who are good-looking. Moreover, it was hypothesized that females would be more favourable towards the victim than males and that this gender difference would be mediated by differences in “Rape Myths Acceptance”. In the experiment, 80 observers were exposed to an extract of a victim's story about an alleged rape case. The physical attractiveness of both the victim and the defendant were systematically varied. Observers' Rape Myths Acceptance were measured with Burt's (1980) Rape Myths Acceptance scale. The results support the hypotheses; it is therefore suggested that the acceptance of these myths should be investigated in selection procedures of people who are likely to be confronted with victims of sexual offenses, such as police officers and jury members in rape or sexual harassment cases.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Rape victims"

Allred, Stephanie K. "Multiple levels of influence on the sexual assault victim : examining the relationship of sexist beliefs, social reactions, and self-blame on recovery /". view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1417809081&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-151). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Lawler, Anna DeVries Nezu Christine Maguth. "Gender, sexual orientation and victim blame regarding male victims of sexual assault /". Philadelphia : Drexel University, 2002. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1721.1/62.

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McEwan, Siobhan L. "Friendly fire differential symptomatology in survivors of stranger and acquaintance rape /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/NQ39289.pdf.

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Emm, Deborah L. "Coping with victimization : the short- and long-term impact of rape upon survivors /". Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244219084.

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Barnard, Sarah. "Police officers' attitudes about rape victims". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569988.

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Police officers are often the first contact a victim of rape has with the criminal justice system and may be the first people to whom rape victims disclose. To examine the extent to which police officers endorse rape myths, this quantitative study assessed their views about rape victims, along with the effects of demographics and experience. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale--Short Form was administered to 66 patrol officers in Southern California. The officers scored in the mid-range of this scale, which addresses seven different categories of common rape myths, such as "she lied" and "she asked for it." For some rape myths, females and ethnic majority officers indicated less endorsement of rape myths. These findings reveal a need for more in-depth research on police officers. Social workers who work with the victims of rape should advocate for increased education of law enforcement personnel about rape and its victims.

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Khan, Jawaid. "A study of rapes of girls under the age of 13 years in Hong Kong 1989-1992". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781169.

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White, Sandra Shardlow. "The Mediating Influence of Homophobia on Male Rape Victims". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1236.pdf.

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Paul, Lisa A. "Perceptions of peer rape myth acceptance association with psychological outcomes among sexual assault survivors /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313922721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Granger, Kara, e s3041360@student rmit edu au. "Multi-comparisons of rape and rape myth endorsement through analysis of existing modified rape myth items". RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080829.093911.

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Traditionally, rape has been viewed as a crime perpetrated by men against women. However, it is now recognised that males can also be victims of rape. The current research had several interrelated aims to; (i) provide a profile of both male and female rape victims, (ii) compare the characteristics of rape perpetrated against male and female victims, (iii) estimate the incidence of male and female rape within the general community, (iv) describe the reporting practices of rape victims, and (v) determine the relationship between rape and depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts. The community's level of rape myth endorsement was also explored. Rape myths were defined as attitudes and beliefs about rape, rape victims, and rapists that are generally false but are widely and persistently held, and serve to deny and justify sexual aggression against women and men. The present study compared rape myth endorsement levels concerning both male and female victims. However, it was first necessary to construct a rape myth questionnaire, the Rape Attitudinal Scale (RAQ), which minimised the methodological limitations of pre-existing scales. The current research utilised online methodology and, in total, 560 individuals participated in the research. It was found that almost two out of every five participants had been a victim of rape during their lifetime, with males accounting for 8.60% of the raped sample. Rape victims emanated from a variety of demographic backgrounds and the gender differences between the characteristics of the rape were discussed. Approximately one in seven rape victims stated that they had reported the rape to police, with half of those rape victims regretting informing the police of their experience. Almost twice as many female rape victims than male rape victims failed to report their rape to anyone. It was also found that victims of rape are more likely to report rape to authorities when the rape fits the

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練錦鴻 e Kam-hung Ernest Michael Lin. "Treatments of rape victims in the criminal justice system". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977935.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Rape victims"

Rich, Karen. Interviewing Rape Victims. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238.

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Langan, Patrick A. Child rape victims, 1992. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1994.

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Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development., a cura di. Rape victims in Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development, Centre for Development Studies, 2003.

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Foundation, Pi Kappa Phi, e Pi Kappa Phi, a cura di. Date rape: Victims of circumstance. Charlotte, N.C: The Foundation, 1991.

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McGuire, Leslie. Victims. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Corp., 1991.

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Veeraraghavan, Vimala. Rape and victims of rape: A socio-psychological analysis. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 1987.

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Hutchins-Williams, Shawna P. Predicting rape: The profile of a rape victim. [San Diego, California]: National University, 2015.

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(Organization), Human Rights Watch. Rape victims as criminals: Illegal abortion after rape in Ecuador. [New York, N.Y.?]: Human Rights Watch, 2013.

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Andrea, Parrot, a cura di. Coping with date rape and acquaintance rape. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1999.

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Penang, Consumers Association of, a cura di. Rape in Malaysia. Penang, Malaysia: Consumers' Association of Penang, 1988.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Rape victims"

Ehrlich, Susan. "Rape victims". In The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics, 297–312. Title: The Routledge handbook of forensic linguistics / edited by Malcolm Coulthard, Alison May, Rui Sousa-Silva. Description: Second edition. | London ; New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge handbooks in applied linguistics: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429030581-24.

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Rich, Karen. "Victims’ Rights and Victims’ Advocates". In Interviewing Rape Victims, 73–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238_4.

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Rich, Karen. "Attitudes Toward Rape and Rape Victims". In Interviewing Rape Victims, 12–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238_2.

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Rich, Karen. "Introduction". In Interviewing Rape Victims, 1–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238_1.

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Rich, Karen. "Skills for Interviewing Rape Reporters". In Interviewing Rape Victims, 36–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238_3.

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Rich, Karen. "Gender Issues in Rape Victim Interviewing". In Interviewing Rape Victims, 99–114. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238_5.

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Rich, Karen. "Summary and Conclusions". In Interviewing Rape Victims, 115–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238_6.

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Rich, Karen. "Limitations and Future Directions". In Interviewing Rape Victims, 126–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353238_7.

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Abdullah-Khan, Noreen. "Taking Victims into Account and Considering the Impact of Victim blame". In Male Rape, 9–14. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227651_2.

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Burgess, Ann Wolbert. "Elder Sexual Abuse Victims". In Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation, 45–66. Fifth edition. | New York : CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Practical aspects of criminal and forensic investigations: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315316369-4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Rape victims"

Bautista, Aileen C. "Investigating Rape Culture in the Philippines through #HijaAko: Towards a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis". In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2022.4-2.

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Rape culture is a form of violence against women. One factor influencing the continuing predominance of this rape culture, in a range of global contexts, is the fact that societies in these contexts tolerate and, to an extent, normalize such sexual violence. This normalizing occurs ubiquitously, and not least through online technologies, such as with netizens. Yet, these netizens also influence conceptions of a just world. The belief in a just world appears to operate through the views of netizens toward victims of sexual abuse, as reflected in social media platforms. One example of this activism is the hashtag #HijaAko, which, as with many other hashtags, is being appropriated by netizens used to strengthen online anti-rape movements. These hashtags can be global and local, where many focus on the locality of #MeToo hashtags, largely owing to identification with place and space, and the cultural memory of such violence within respective physical communities. This study explores the rape culture landscape as reflected in online discourse, specifically on the Twitter platform. Drawing on Dalbert’s (2009) ‘Belief in the Just World’ hypothesis, and on work in critical technocultural discourse scholarship, in this paper, I argue that the localized #MeToo hashtag, #HijaAko, has provided and has constituted a techno weapon for victims of sexual violence such as rape, to retaliate against the existing predominant rape culture in the Philippines. The #MeToo hashtag, #HijaAko purports to create an online shared community that itself aims at the restoration of online justice that has seemingly failed to appear and succeed through other legitimate means, such as through the legal system. A general consensual confirmation by the netizens who have become active in this movement provides the victims with a sense of ‘virtual justice’ in several ways, and including the use of ‘receipts’ as weapons. Through a multimodal discourse analysis examining 340 tweets, I present data and its analysis, to reveal that Philippine society capitalizes on victim-blaming as the core advocates and perpetrators of the local rape culture.

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Mahmud, Sharifa Rania, Sanjida Nasreen Tumpa, Anika Binte Islam, Chowdhury Nawrin Ferdous, Nipi Paul e Tasmiah Tamzid Anannya. "BONITAA: A smart approach to support the female rape victims". In 2017 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/r10-htc.2017.8289061.

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Saldanha, Ana Beatriz dos Santos, Hellen Vieira Gomes, Maria Erica Barbosa de Paula, Marcos Wendell Nascimento Matos, Rebeca Ximenes de Moura, Sara Regina Alves de Castro Morais e Larissa Nadally da Conceição Feitoza. "Combating child sexual abuse and exploitation: an experience report". In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-223.

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The violation of sexual rights, which involves the abuse or exploitation of minors' sexuality or bodies, is called sexual violence (BRASIL, 1988). Although many associate sexual violence with the sexual act itself, it actually encompasses a much wider range of actions that can result in traumatic experiences for children and adolescents. Regardless of the form it takes, the impact of child sexual violence is devastating (BRASIL, 2000). Between 2011 and 2017, the Brazilian public health system recorded 184,524 incidents of sexual violence perpetrated against children and adolescents across the country. The epidemiological analysis of sexual violence against children and adolescents in Brazil, released by the federal government the previous year, presented the profile of these notifications which revealed that 70% of the assaults took place in the victim's home and 80% of the aggressors were male. In addition, 64% of the victims had some kind of relationship or friendship with the aggressor (BRASIL, 2018). The year 2020 reported more than 60,000 cases of rape in Brazil, with a worrying 73.7% of victims unable to provide consent as a result of their vulnerable state, and 86.9% of these victims being female (BRASIL, 2021).

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Liyus, Herry. "Legal Protection for Children Victims of Rape Comparative Study Between Indonesia and Malaysia". In Riau Annual Meeting on Law and Social Sciences (RAMLAS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.259.

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Paraušić Marinković, Ana, e Aleksandar Ivanović. "Victimization of Women and Girls in Urban Areas: The Case Study of Novi Pazar". In The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.11.

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The study aims to explore the various facets of victimization of women and girls in public urban areas and perception of security of spaces they use in everyday life. For this purpose, 776 girls and women aged 10 to 65 from the area of Novi Pazar was surveyed. Research results indicate that women and girls greatly fear for their safety in public spaces and are daily exposed to different forms of violence and harassment. Unlit streets, lack of video surveillance, absence of police officers, lack of adequate night public transportation, presence of male persons abusing PAS are some of the occurring factors that make women and girls uncomfortable when using urban public spaces. Although respondents fear physical violence, especially sexual harassment, rape, being followed or stalked, the types of victimization they frequently experience are related to verbal violence such as intrusive and offensive questions about private life, insults, sexually suggestive jokes, comments about their appearance, inappropriate looking etc. Bearing in mind that these experiences greatly influence their daily lives, mobility, social activity, and overall quality of life, it is important to create urban security policies and strategies which will take into consideration women`s and girls` experience of victimization in urban areas.

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Stanojoska, Angelina. "Gender-Based Violence in Cyberspace: A Continuum of Victimization in between Worlds". In The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.10.

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Today in 2023, digital technologies are ubiquitous. They are present in our everyday lives, but also, they are mostly present in everyday crimes. The combination of smartphones with cameras, widely used social networks, and easy access to the Internet, form a triangle that makes it possible for offenders to start or continue their sexual, violent, and abusive acts online. North Macedonia has seen several cases of gender-based violence (GBV) in the digital space in recent years, with some very well-known in public and the media, like the cases “Public Room” and “Public Room 2”, but also cases where female journalists, politicians, and other public female figures have been subjected to online sexual harassment, online threats for rape, online misogyny, and cases where offenders were recording their sexual assaults and making the public online. The paper aims to explain the present situation in North Macedonia with certain online forms of gender-based violence (GBV), the present legal framework, and victimization consequences. The methodology includes previous desk review and content analysis (legal solutions, previous research, reports by NGOs and international organizations, academic papers, and books), as well as police reports and court decisions in the cases Public Rooms 1 and 2.

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Omelchenko, Viktoriia. "Gender-based sexual violence during wars: the Ukrainian experience". In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.077.

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Background: Wars are always accompanied by various forms of violence. Gender-based violence occupies a special place. Currently, for the first time since the Second World War, the civilian population of Ukraine is facing widespread sexual violence, including rape, by the occupying forces. This situation requires a sociological study of sexual violence that takes into account the Ukrainian experience. Purpose: To identify the goals, as well as general and specific features of sexual violence committed against women during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Methods: Analysis of the memoirs of a victim of gender-based violence during the war; analysis of interviews with experts on sexual violence; method of comparison. Results: The particularity of sexual violence during the Russian-Ukrainian war is the "era of social media", when the relevant information technologies can turn an act of sexual violence into a public event. The primary purpose of various types of sexual violence is to add new "weapons" to the arsenal of war that will help to win. Conclusion: The recent history of Ukraine related to the Russian-Ukrainian war contains a significant amount of empirical data for further research on gender-based sexual violence during wars. Only after the full liberation of the temporarily occupied territories, the scale of sexual crimes committed by the Russian army can be determined, and their goals, forms of manifestation, consequences for the physical and mental health of victims and, accordingly, social consequences can be fully investigated. Keywords: gender-based sexual violence, sexual violence against women, rape culture.

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Cendikia, Yosua Martin, e Herry Firmansyah. "Legal Protection of Children as Victims of the Crime of Rape Study of Decision Number 6/PID.SUS-ANAK/2020/PN.SIM". In 3rd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220404.078.

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Bourne, Joseph R., e Kam K. Leang. "Bayesian Estimation of Snow-Avalanche Victim Pose: A Method to Assist Human and/or Robot First Responders to Quickly Locate a Buried Victim". In ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-8946.

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Abstract Finding a victim buried in a snow avalanche as quickly as possible can significantly increase the victim’s survival rate. A body-pose estimation algorithm is described that quickly and efficiently estimates the victim’s pose (3D location and orientation) underneath the snow. The algorithm exploits non-parametric Bayesian estimation and considers the uncertainty in an avalanche transceiver’s magnetic-field measurement. Simulation results compare the performances between three victim-search methods: (1) naive raster-scanning search, (2) traditional industry-standard search along the measured magnetic field lines, and (3) search by the Bayesian-based technique. The results show that the Bayesian-based technique accurately determines the victim’s pose within two minutes. In contrast, the raster-scanning and magnetic-field-line following methods yield search times more than three to four times longer.

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Mitrović, Ljubinko, e Veljko Ikanović. "Criminal Offenses of Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children in Republika Srpska – Normative and Legal Framework and Current Situation". In The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.13.

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In mid-January 2024, almost all media outlets in Republika Srpska (Serb Republic) published a rather worrying news item with the headline: Alarming data: In Republika Srpska, there are 36% more crimes involving children as victims. Behind such a difficult qualification and a journalistic headline that should definitely ring an alarm for all competent institutions lies hidden information according to which, based on statistical data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Republika Srpska, the number of crimes against sexual integrity, as well as sexual abuse and exploitation of children in Republika Srpska for 11 months last year have grown by as much as 36%. Namely, according to the data of the aforementioned Ministry, in 11 months of last year, 102 crimes against the sexual integrity of children were recorded, which is 27 more crimes or a percentage of 36% compared to the same period in 2022. What is also very devastating is the severity of the mentioned crimes, therefore, in just 11 months, 13 rapes involving children, 12 sexual harassments, three sexual blackmails, three criminal acts of fornication and one criminal offense of assaulting a helpless person were registered. The focus of attention of the author of this article is on the criminal acts of sexual abuse and child exploitation provided for in Chapter XV of the current Criminal Code of Republika Srpska. In this report, the authors will give their normative-legal framework in the context of this group of criminal acts, as well as their view of the situation in Republika Srpska.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Rape victims"

Fong, Christina, e Erzo F. P. Luttmer. What Determines Giving to Hurricane Katrina Victims? Experimental Evidence on Income, Race, and Fairness. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13219.

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Anglade, Boaz, e Julia Escobar. Effect of Violence against Women on Victims and their Children: Evidence from Central America, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003157.

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This paper presents a systematic overview of the evidence of violence against women in the Central America, Mexico, Panama, Haiti, and Dominican Republic region and examines its impact on the well-being of women and their children. Population-based surveys show that violence against women remains a widespread issue in the region. The proportion of women who have experienced physical or sexual violence at least once in their lifetime varies between 13% and 53%; Panama has the lowest rate while Mexico and El Salvador have the highest. The percentage of women who have experienced violence within private spheres ranges between 17% and 24%. Also, homicidal violence targeting women remains a major problem in the region. Using a novel propensity score reweighting technique, we assess the impact of violence on a series of outcome variables related to a womans health and socioeconomic condition. We find evidence that violence against women negatively affects victims reproductive and physical health as well as their fertility preferences. We also find evidence that violence against mothers has an adverse effect on childrens advancement in school and overall health.

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Etu, Egbe-Etu, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Imokhai Tenebe, Jordan Larot e Dang Minh Nhu Nguyen. Misconduct on Public Transit: An Exploratory Analysis Using the Comments Formerly Known as Tweets. Mineta Transportation Institute, novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2317.

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This project developed a simple methodology for using Twitter data to explore public perceptions about misconduct on public transit in California. The methodology allows future researchers to analyze tweets to answer questions such as: How frequent are tweets related to assault, abuse, or other misconduct on public transit? What concerns arise most frequently? What are the types of behaviors discussed? We collected and analyzed data from Twitter posts in California about various types of public transit misconduct from January 2020 to March 2023 to identify the nature and frequency of reported misconduct. Our findings reveal that harassment, uncivil behavior, and assault are the commonly reported concerns; far fewer tweets mention obscene behavior, threats, or theft. It appears that at times the victims had been targeted on the basis of their race, gender, or sexual identity, or because they were transit employees. The tweets indicate that both genders are victimized, though women were targeted more often than men (57.5% vs. 42.5%). As for the alleged perpetrators of transit misconduct, more than three-quarters were male (78%). Transit agencies and researchers can use the results of these analyses to strategically improve safety measures for the benefit of passengers and transit operators.

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Matenga, Chrispin, e Munguzwe Hichaambwa. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zambia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.039.

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COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The speed with which the pandemic spread geographically, and the high rate of mortality of its victims prompted many countries around the world to institute ‘lockdowns’ of various sorts to contain it. While the global concern in the early months following the emergence of COVID-19 was with health impacts, the ‘lockdown’ measures put in place by governments triggered global socioeconomic shocks as economies entered recessions due to disruption of economic activity that the ‘lockdown’ measures entailed. Data suggests that the socioeconomic shocks arising from ‘lockdowns’ have been more severe in sub-Saharan Africa countries, generating dire livelihood consequences for most citizens who depend on the informal economy for survival. In Zambia, the effects of COVID-19 combined with a severe drought, and a decline in mining activity to contribute to a downward spiral in Zambia’s economy. This report aims to gain real-time insights into how the COVID-19 crisis was unfolding in Zambia and how rural people and food and livelihood systems were responding. The study focused on documenting and understanding the differential impacts of the pandemic at the household level in terms of changes in participation in farming activities, availability of services for agricultural production, labour and employment, marketing and transport services, food and nutrition security and poverty and wellbeing.

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Emergency contraception as an element in the care of rape victims. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1013.

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In most states in Mexico, abortion is excluded as a crime in pregnancies resulting from rape. However, legislation does not specify the norms by which women can obtain a legal abortion, which makes it difficult to choose this alternative. A partial solution to unwanted pregnancies from rape would be to provide emergency contraception (EC). Psychologists were trained to provide information on EC to women who reported a rape at four public ministry agencies specialized in sexual crime. In addition, 11 medical backup referral centers were established. To scale up the strategy, workshops were provided to representatives from State Attorney General Offices and NGOs. The project’s main objective was to test the use of EC as an element in the care of rape victims in Mexico City. As noted in this report, objectives included testing the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of providing information on EC to rape victims, and scaling up the strategy for providing EC as an element in the care of rape victims among Attorney General Offices of the different states of Mexico.

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