Articoli di riviste: "Random access efficiency"

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Zhang, Naiyin, Kaiyin Zha e Junchao Wang. "Exploring the Design Efficiency of Random Microfluidic Mixers". IEEE Access 9 (2021): 9864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3050161.

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Sun, Yi. "Spectral Efficiency and Optimal Medium Access Control of Random Access Systems over Large Random Spreading CDMA". IEEE Transactions on Communications 57, n. 5 (maggio 2009): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2009.05.07044.

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Zheng, Yuankai, Yihong Wu, Kebin Li, Jinjun Qiu, Guchang Han, Zaibing Guo, Ping Luo et al. "Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM)". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2007): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18010.

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The high density and high speed nonvolatile MTJ MRAMs are reviewed from perspective of the reading and writing operation. The reading operation of the MRAM with different sensing schemes and cell array structures is discussed, in particular the reference resistance generating schemes which are introduced to maximize the cell efficiency and reading reliability. The high density, low cost cross-point cell layout structures are analyzed systematically. The writing operation modes ranging from the half-select, toggle mode, guided SAF direct writing, thermally assisted writing, to the spin transfer switching are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The thermal factor always plays an important role in determine not only the thermal stability but also the reading and writing reliability.

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Misic, Jelena, e Vojislav B. Misic. "Efficiency of Power Ramping During Random Access in LTE". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, n. 2 (febbraio 2018): 1698–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2757034.

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Kwon, Jae-Hong, Young-Chai Ko e Sung Sik Nam. "Optimal Design of Random Unitary Beamforming for Energy Efficiency in MIMO Broadcast Channels". IEEE Access 5 (2017): 12865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2723078.

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Barangi, Mahmood, e Pinaki Mazumder. "Straintronics: A leap toward ultimate energy efficiency of magnetic random access memories." IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine 9, n. 3 (settembre 2015): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnano.2015.2441106.

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Vilgelm, Mikhail, Sergio Rueda Linares e Wolfgang Kellerer. "On the Resource Consumption of M2M Random Access: Efficiency and Pareto Optimality". IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 8, n. 3 (giugno 2019): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2886892.

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Kim, Youngboo, Lam Kwon e Eun-Chan Park. "OFDMA Backoff Control Scheme for Improving Channel Efficiency in the Dynamic Network Environment of IEEE 802.11ax WLANs". Sensors 21, n. 15 (28 luglio 2021): 5111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155111.

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IEEE 802.11ax uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based random access (UORA) is a new feature for random channel access in wireless local area networks (WLANs). Similar to the legacy random access scheme in WLANs, UORA performs the OFDMA backoff (OBO) procedure to access the channel and decides on a random OBO counter within the OFDMA contention window (OCW) value. An access point (AP) can determine the OCW range and inform each station (STA) of it. However, how to determine a reasonable OCW range is beyond the scope of the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The OCW range is crucial to the UORA performance, and it primarily depends on the number of contending STAs, but it is challenging for the AP to accurately and quickly estimate or keep track of the number of contending STAs without the aid of a specific signaling mechanism. In addition, the one for this purpose incurs an additional delay and overhead in the channel access procedure. Therefore, the performance of a UORA scheme can be degraded by an improper OCW range, especially when the number of contending STAs changes dynamically. We first observed the effect of OCW values on channel efficiency and derived its optimal value from an analytical model. Next, we proposed a simple yet effective OBO control scheme where each STA determines its own OBO counter in a distributed manner rather than adjusting the OCW value globally. In the proposed scheme, each STA determines an appropriate OBO counter depending on whether the previous transmission was successful or not so that collisions can be mitigated without leaving OFDMA resource units unnecessarily idle. The results of a simulation study confirm that the throughput of the proposed scheme is comparable to the optimal OCW-based scheme and is improved by up to 15 times compared to the standard UORA scheme.

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Song, Kyungmi, e Kyung-Jin Lee. "Spin-transfer-torque efficiency enhanced by edge-damage of perpendicular magnetic random access memories". Journal of Applied Physics 118, n. 5 (7 agosto 2015): 053912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4928205.

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Beigrezaei, Mahsa, Abolfazel Toroghi Haghighat e Seyedeh Leili Mirtaheri. "Improve Performance by a Fuzzy-Based Dynamic Replication Algorithm in Grid, Cloud, and Fog". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (21 giugno 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5522026.

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The efficiency of data-intensive applications in distributed environments such as Cloud, Fog, and Grid is directly related to data access delay. Delays caused by queue workload and delays caused by failure can decrease data access efficiency. Data replication is a critical technique in reducing access latency. In this paper, a fuzzy-based replication algorithm is proposed, which avoids the mentioned imposed delays by considering a comprehensive set of significant parameters to improve performance. The proposed algorithm selects the appropriate replica using a hierarchical method, taking into account the transmission cost, queue delay, and failure probability. The algorithm determines the best place for replication using a fuzzy inference system considering the queue workload, number of accesses in the future, last access time, and communication capacity. It uses the Simple Exponential Smoothing method to predict future file popularity. The OptorSim simulator evaluates the proposed algorithm in different access patterns. The results show that the algorithm improves performance in terms of the number of replications, the percentage of storage filled, and the mean job execution time. The proposed algorithm has the highest efficiency in random access patterns, especially random Zipf access patterns. It also has good performance when the number of jobs and file size are increased.

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Almansour, Fahad M., Roobaea Alroobaea e Ahmed S. Ghiduk. "An Empirical Comparison of the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Genetic Algorithms and Adaptive Random Techniques in Data-Flow Testing". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 12884–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966433.

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Abbas, Muthanna Jaafar, e Abeer Abd Al Hameed Mahmood. "Efficiency and effectiveness video on demand over worldwide interoperability for microwave access". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, n. 3 (1 giugno 2019): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1919-1923.

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(WiMAX) is another solution for readiness broadband networks inside the region, covered or not, by alternative technologies like (ADSL) or cable through this paper by deploying many mobility patterns such as static, random and path for Video on Demand (VoD) over (WiMAX) Network. The performance of varied (QPSK) and (QAM) modulation techniques, by applying the (OPNET) simulator version 17.5. This work is finished in terms of the transmitted traffic and received traffic. Simulation result indicates that once nodes are moving by (SVC) code schema in (WiMAX). The result is an effective and attainable overall performance of (QPSK) which is better than (QAM) modulation technique.

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Ryu, Seung Wook, Ho-Ki Lyeo, Jong Ho Lee, Young Bae Ahn, Gun Hwan Kim, Choon Hwan Kim, Soo Gil Kim et al. "SiO2doped Ge2Sb2Te5thin films with high thermal efficiency for applications in phase change random access memory". Nanotechnology 22, n. 25 (16 maggio 2011): 254005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/25/254005.

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Van Wallendael, Glenn, Hannes Mareen, Johan Vounckx e Peter Lambert. "Keyframe Insertion: Enabling Low-Latency Random Access and Packet Loss Repair". Electronics 10, n. 6 (22 marzo 2021): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060748.

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From a video coding perspective, there are two challenges when performing live video distribution over error-prone networks, such as wireless networks: random access and packet loss repair. There is a scarceness of solutions that do not impact steady-state usage and users with reliable connections. The proposed solution minimizes this impact by complementing a compression-efficient video stream with a companion stream solely consisting of keyframes. Although the core idea is not new, this paper is the first work to provide restrictions and modifications necessary to make this idea work using the High-Efficiency Video Coding (H.265/HEVC) compression standard. Additionally, through thorough quantification, insight is provided on how to provide low-latency fast channel switching capabilities and error recovery at low quality impact, i.e., less than 0.94 average Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) score decrease. Finally, worst-case drift artifacts are described and visualized such that the reader gets an overall picture of using the keyframe insertion technique.

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Tan, Linlin, Ming Zhang, Songcen Wang, Shulei Pan, Zhenxing Zhang, Jiacheng Li e Xueliang Huang. "The Design and Optimization of a Wireless Power Transfer System Allowing Random Access for Multiple Loads". Energies 12, n. 6 (15 marzo 2019): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061017.

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As is common in multi-load wireless power transfer (WPT) systems based on series–series compensation topology, the power received by loads and the efficiency of the process are highly sensitive to changes in the number of loads. To guarantee that the power supplied to a load remains stable when other loads access or leave the system, we propose an improved multi-load system for WPT. The new system uses an LCC/S topology (based on inductor–capacitor–inductor or LCL topology) to keep the power received by the loads stable. By comparing two scenarios (ideal and real models based on LCC/S topology), we aim to eliminate cross-coupling between receiving coils by connecting compensating capacitors in series on the receiving side. In this way, the stability of the power received by loads is further improved. Moreover, a method of optimizing control over the efficiency is proposed based on the effect on the overall efficiency of impedance and number of loads. This allows us to optimize the overall efficiency of the system. Finally, a system to verify our theoretical analysis is established and used to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed system.

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Burkov, Artem, Seva Shneer e Andrey Turlikov. "Lower bound for average delay in unblocked random access algorithm with orthogonal preambles". Information and Control Systems, n. 3 (15 giugno 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2020-3-79-85.

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Introduction: Currently, the first versions of 5G communication standard networks are being deployed and discussions are underway on the further development of cellular networks and the transition to the 6G standard. The work of the currently popular idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to be in the framework of a Massive Machine-Type Communications scenario, which has a number of requirements for operation characteristics: very high energy efficiency, relatively low delay and fairly reliable communication. It is assumed that random multiple access procedures are used, since, due to the nature of the traffic, it is impossible to develop a channel resource sharing policy. To increase the efficiency of random access, a class of unblocked algorithms using orthogonal preambles can be used. Purpose: to calculate the lower bound of the average delay for the class of unblocked random multiple access algorithms using orthogonal preambles. Methods: system analysis, a theory of random processes, queuing theory, and simulation. Results: A model of a system with a potentially unlimited number of users who use random unblocked access to transmit data over a common communication channel using orthogonal preambles is proposed. A closed expression is obtained for calculating the lower bound of the average delay in such a system depending on the intensity of the input arrival rate. The limit value of the intensity of the input arrival rate to which the system operates stably is determined. Shown are the results of simulation with respect to the obtained bound. Practical relevance: the obtained boundary allows us to estimate the lower average delay in the described class of algorithms. Its application allows us to determine the possibility of using the considered class of algorithms from the point of view of limitations on the average delay at the stage of designing random multiple access systems.

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Kim, Dong Min, e Seong-Lyun Kim. "CSNOMA: Carrier Sense Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access". Sensors 20, n. 18 (4 settembre 2020): 5024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185024.

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In this paper, we investigate the possibility of the cross-layer design of a distributed random access scheme with considering physical (PHY) and multiple access control (MAC) layers, which utilizes the interference cancellation technique. In this regard, we propose a new multiple access protocol, named carrier sense non-orthogonal multiple access (CSNOMA). We consider the spatially randomly distributed interferers to realistically capture the effect of interference. The proposed protocol shows better area spectral efficiency than carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), as the node density increases. We also present a practical signaling design compatible with IEEE 802.11 DCF mode.

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Gudlavalleti, R. H., B. Saman, R. Mays, Evan Heller, J. Chandy e F. Jain. "A Novel Peripheral Circuit for SWSFET Based Multivalued Static Random-Access Memory". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 29, n. 01n04 (marzo 2020): 2040010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156420400108.

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This paper presents the peripheral circuitry for a multivalued static random-access memory (SRAM) based on 2-bit CMOS cross-coupled inverters using spatial wavefunction switched (SWS) field effect transistors (SWSFETs). The novel feature is a two quantum well/quantum dot channel n-SWSFET access transistor. The reduction in area with four-bit storage-per-cell increases the memory density and efficiency of the SRAM array. The SWSFET has vertically stacked two-quantum well/quantum dot channels between the source and drain regions. The upper or lower quantum charge locations in the channel region is based on the input gate voltage. The analog behavioral modeling (ABM) of the SWSFET device is done using conventional BSIM 3V3 device parameters in 90 nm technology. The Cadence circuit simulations for the proposed memory cell and addressing/peripheral circuitry are presented.

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Wu, Yali, Shuang Zhang, Zhengxuan Liu, Xiaoshuang Liu e Jianfeng Li. "An Efficient Resource Allocation for Massive MTC in NOMA-OFDMA Based Cellular Networks". Electronics 9, n. 5 (25 aprile 2020): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050705.

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To alleviate random access congestion and support massive-connections with less energy consumption for machine-type communications (MTC) in the 5G cellular network, we propose an efficient resource allocation for massive MTC (mMTC) with hybrid non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). First, a hybrid multiple access scheme, including the NOMA-based congestion-alleviating access scheme (NCAS) and OFDMA-based congestion-alleviating access scheme (OCAS), is proposed, in which the NOMA based devices coexist with OFDMA based ones. Then, aiming at maximizing the system access capacity, a traffic-aware resource blocks (RBs) allocation is investigated to optimize RBs allocation for preamble transmission and data packets transmission, as well as to optimize the RBs allocation between NCAS and OCAS for the RBs usage efficiency improvement. Next, aiming at the problem of high computational complexity and improving energy efficiency in hybrid NOMA-OFDMA based cellular M2M communications, this paper proposes an improved low complexity power allocation algorithm. The feasibility conditions of power allocation solution under the maximum transmit power constraints and quality of service (QoS) requirements of the devices is investigated. The original non-convex optimization problem is solved under the feasibility conditions by two iterative algorithms. Finally, a device clustering scheme is proposed based on the channel gain difference and feasible condition of power allocation solution, by which NOMA based devices and OFDMA based devices can be determined. Simulation results show that compared with non-orthogonal random access and transmission (NORA-DT), the proposed resource allocation scheme for hybrid NOMA-OFDMA systems can efficiently improve the performance of access capacity and energy efficiency.

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Müller, Ralf R. "Soft Interference Cancellation for Random Coding in Massive Gaussian Multiple-Access". Entropy 23, n. 5 (28 aprile 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050539.

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In 2017, Polyanskiy showed that the trade-off between power and bandwidth efficiency for massive Gaussian random access is governed by two fundamentally different regimes: low power and high power. For both regimes, tight performance bounds were found by Zadik et al., in 2019. This work utilizes recent results on the exact block error probability of Gaussian random codes in additive white Gaussian noise to propose practical methods based on iterative soft decoding to closely approach these bounds. In the low power regime, this work finds that orthogonal random codes can be applied directly. In the high power regime, a more sophisticated effort is needed. This work shows that power-profile optimization by means of linear programming, as pioneered by Caire et al. in 2001, is a promising strategy to apply. The proposed combination of orthogonal random coding and iterative soft decoding even outperforms the existence bounds of Zadik et al. in the low power regime and is very close to the non-existence bounds for message lengths around 100 and above. Finally, the approach of power optimization by linear programming proposed for the high power regime is found to benefit from power imbalances due to fading which makes it even more attractive for typical mobile radio channels.

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Hong, Y. W., Yuh-Ren Tsai, Yan-Yu Liao, Chih-Hsun Lin e Kai-Jie Yang. "On the Throughput, Delay, and Energy Efficiency of Distributed Source Coding in Random Access Sensor Networks". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9, n. 6 (giugno 2010): 1965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2010.5475341.

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Nkegbe, Paul Kwame. "Credit access and technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana". Agricultural Finance Review 78, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2018): 626–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-03-2018-0018.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between credit access and technical efficiency of smallholder crop farmers in northern Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a random sample of 445 farming households in the three northern regions of Ghana. The two-stage double bootstrap DEA approach was used to consistently estimate technical efficiency scores as well as the determinants. Findings The results revealed that, given the current technology, there is substantial yield or productivity gap among the sample of producers in northern Ghana used for the study. This is because producers can reduce input use by over 50.0 percent while still achieving the same output levels. It is further revealed that proportion of household income from off-farm activities, distance of farm from homestead, location and credit access are significant determinants of technical efficiency. Originality/value The current study differs from previous studies in two basic ways. First, it takes into account the fact that smallholder farmers practise mixed or inter-cropping by using value of output so that various crops on a given plot of the farmer can be aggregated; and second, a nonparametric approach is adopted so that the inherent inconsistencies in using the two-step model within a parametric framework can be avoided.

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Zong, Cheng, Yanliang Zhang, Yongming Yao, Shiyong Shuang e Ziyuan Wang. "A Comparison of Fault Detection Efficiency Between Adaptive Random Testing and Greedy Combinatorial Testing for Control Logics in Nuclear Industrial Distributed Control Systems". IEEE Access 9 (2021): 84021–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087165.

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Tu, Shan-Shan, Shao-Zhang Niu e Meng-Jiao Li. "An Efficient Access Control Scheme for Cloud Environment". Cybernetics and Information Technologies 13, n. 3 (1 settembre 2013): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2013-0027.

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Abstract In order to keep the confidential data in the cloud against unauthorized parties, a cryptographic access control solution based on Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) and Identity-Based Signature (IBS) is introduced in this paper. Under the premise that cloud service provider is untrustful, the proposed scheme can ensure the data security of the cloud storage system in an open environment, as well as reduce the complexity of management. Analysis and experimental results show that the scheme can be semantically secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks under the random oracle model. Our concrete access control scheme can enhance the efficiency of the cloud to a certain extent.

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Zhong, Ailing, Zhidu Li, Ruyan Wang, Xingjie Li e Boren Guo. "Preamble Design and Collision Resolution in a Massive Access IoT System". Sensors 21, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010250.

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How to support massive access efficiently is one of the challenges in the future Internet of Things (IoT) systems. To address such challenge, this paper proposes an effective preamble collision resolution scheme to sustain massive random access (RA) for an IoT system. Specifically, a new sub-preamble structure is first proposed to reduce the preamble collision probability. To identify different devices that send the same preamble to the gNB on the same physical random access channel (PRACH), a multiple timing advance (TA) capturing scheme is then proposed. Thereafter, an RA scheme is designed to sustain massive access and the performance of the scheme is studied analytically. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed RA scheme is validated by extensive simulation experiments in terms of preamble detection probability, preamble collision probability, RA success probability, resource efficiency and TA capturing.

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Bell, Roy, Jiaxi Hu e R. H. Victora. "Dual Referenced Composite Free Layer Design for Improved Switching Efficiency of Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory". IEEE Electron Device Letters 37, n. 9 (settembre 2016): 1108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2016.2592324.

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Matveev, Nikolay, e Andrey Turlikov. "Review of random multiple access methods for massive machine type communication". Information and Control Systems, n. 6 (16 gennaio 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2019-6-54-67.

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Introduction: Intensive research is currently underway in the field of data transmission systems for the Internet of Things in relation to various scenarios of Massive Machine Type Communication. The presence of a large number of devices in such systems necessitates the use the methods of random multiple access to a common communication channel. It is proposed in some works to increase the channel utilization efficiency by the use of error correction coding methods for conflict resolution (Coded Random Access). The vast variety of options for using such communication systems has made it impossible to compare algorithms implementing this approach under the same conditions. This is a problem that restrains the development of both the theory and practice of using error correction code methods for conflict resolution. Purpose: Developing a unified approach to the description of random multiple access algorithms; performing, on the base on this approach, a review and comparative analysis of algorithms in which error correction code methods are used for conflict resolution. Results: A model of a random multiple access system is formulated in the form of a set of assumptions that reflect both the features of various scenarios of Massive Machine Type Communication and the main features of random multiple access algorithms, including Coded Random Access approaches. The system models are classified by the following features: 1) a finite or infinite number of subscribers; 2) stable, unstable or metastable systems; 3) systems with retransmissions or without them; 4) systems with losses or without them. For a lossy system, the main characteristics are Throughput (the proportion of successfully delivered messages) and Packet Loss Rate (probability of a message loss). For a lossless system, the basic characteristics are the algorithm speed and the average delay. A systematic review and comparative analysis of Coded Random Access algorithms have been carried out. The result of the comparative analysis is presented in a visual tabular form. Practical relevance: The proposed model of a random multiple access system can be used as a methodological basis for research and development of random multiple access algorithms for both existing and new scenarios of Massive Machine Type Communication. The systematic results of the review allow us to identify the promising areas of research in the field of data transmission systems for the Internet of Things.

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Diallo, Mouhamadou Foula, Jiajun Zhou, Hamidullah Elham e De Zhou. "Effect of Agricultural Credit Access on Rice Productivity: Evidence from the Irrigated Area of Anambe Basin, Senegal". Journal of Agricultural Science 12, n. 3 (15 febbraio 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n3p78.

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Rice is an important staple food in many developing countries, especially in Senegal. However, rice production in Senegal only meet 20% of the domestic demand largely due to the poor performance of rice farmers and low productivity. Access to agricultural credit has strong impacts on the technical efficiency of farmers and would promote inputs and new technology adoption. But that is not clear enough in previous studies. This study investigates the impact of agricultural credit access on rice productivity and technical efficiency with 260 random sampled rice farmers from Anambe basin in Senegal. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) was adopted to estimate the technical efficiency. The results indicate that the inputs of rice production, including labor, pesticide, herbicides and fertilizer, have significant impacts on rice productivity. Furthermore, the results present that the average efficiency is of 0.813 and the inefficiency estimation model reveals that the influences of agricultural credit access, gender, education, ethnicity, use of improved seed and land tenure system on technical inefficiency of rice production are significant. Particularly, for the access to agricultural credit, rice farmers without agricultural credit would get 3.8% higher production inefficiency. The farmers with access to credit yield 37.32% higher rice production than their counterparts. Therefore, our study provides strong empirical evidence to promote agricultural credit in rice production.

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Ibrahim, Ibrahim Elnour, e Ahmed Mohammed Morakah. "Measuring the Efficiency Profile of Crop Production in Traditional Rainfed Sector of North Kordofan state, Sudan." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, n. 5 (1 giugno 2017): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i5.464-470.496.

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The main objective of this study was to measure and analyzes economic efficiency of crop production in North Kordofan State. Secondary objectives included: estimate technical, allocative and economic efficiency and construct efficiency profile determination and the effect of socio-economic factors behind inefficiency. Primary data was collected by a structured questionnaire following stratified random sampling technique from 205 farmers, while secondary data was collected form relevant Institutional sources. The stochastic frontier production and cost function model analysis was used to estimate the technical, allocative and economic efficiency of producing crops. The predicted technical efficiency and economic efficiency are the basis for estimating allocative efficiency of farm. Results indicated that the mean technical efficiency of sorghum, millet, groundnuts and sesame were 0.57, 0.73, 0.53 and 0.74, respectively. The mean allocative efficiency of sorghum, millet, groundnuts and sesame production were 0.84, 0.83, 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. The mean economic efficiency of sorghum, millet, groundnut and sesame were 0.48, 0.62, 0.49 and 0.67, respectively. Farmers who have credit access are more technically efficient than those who have no credit access.

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SUN, HUNG-MIN. "ON THE DEALER'S RANDOMNESS REQUIRED IN PERFECT SECRET SHARING SCHEMES WITH ACCESS STRUCTURES OF CONSTANT RANK". International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 11, n. 02 (giugno 2000): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054100000168.

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A secret sharing scheme is a method which allows a dealer to share a secret among a set of participants in such a way that only qualified subsets of participants can recover the secret. The collection of subsets of participants that can reconstruct the secret in this way is called access structure. The rank of an access structure is the maximum cardinality of a minimal qualified subset. A secret sharing scheme is perfect if unqualified subsets of participants obtain no information regarding the secret. The dealer's randomness is the number of random bits required by the dealer to setup a secret sharing scheme. The efficiency of the dealer's randomness is the ratio between the amount of the dealer's randomness and the length of the secret. Because random bits are a natural computational resource, it is important to reduce the amount of randomness used by the dealer to setup a secret sharing scheme. In this paper, we propose some decomposition constructions for perfect secret sharing schemes with access structures of constant rank. Compared with the best previous results, our constructions have some improved upper bounds on the dealer's randomness and on the efficiency of the dealer's randomness.

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Marzook, Ali, Hayder Mohammed e Hisham Roomi. "Performance of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC)". 3D SCEEER Conference sceeer, n. 3d (1 luglio 2020): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.sceeer.3rd.21.

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Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been promised for fifth generation (5G) cellular wireless network that can serve multiple users at same radio resources time, frequency, and code domains with different power levels. In this paper, we present a new simulation compression between a random location of multiple users for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) that depend on Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and generalized the suggested joint user pairing for NOMA and beyond cellular networks. Cell throughput and Energy Efficiency (EE) are gained are developed for all active NOMA user in suggested model. Simulation results clarify the cell throughput for NOMA gained 7 Mpbs over OMA system in two different scenarios deployed users (3 and 4). We gain an attains Energy Efficiency (EE) among the weak power users and the stronger power users.

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Ren, Shuxia, Weichao Dong, Hao Tang, Lingzhi Tang, Zhenhua Li, Qiang Sun, Huifang Yang, Zhigang Yang e Jinjin Zhao. "High-efficiency magnetic modulation in Ti/ZnO/Pt resistive random-access memory devices using amorphous zinc oxide film". Applied Surface Science 488 (settembre 2019): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.129.

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Sun, Wookyung, Sujin Choi, Bokyung Kim e Junhee Park. "Three-Dimensional (3D) Vertical Resistive Random-Access Memory (VRRAM) Synapses for Neural Network Systems". Materials 12, n. 20 (22 ottobre 2019): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203451.

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Abstract (sommario):

Memristor devices are generally suitable for incorporation in neuromorphic systems as synapses because they can be integrated into crossbar array circuits with high area efficiency. In the case of a two-dimensional (2D) crossbar array, however, the size of the array is proportional to the neural network’s depth and the number of its input and output nodes. This means that a 2D crossbar array is not suitable for a deep neural network. On the other hand, synapses that use a memristor with a 3D structure are suitable for implementing a neuromorphic chip for a multi-layered neural network. In this study, we propose a new optimization method for machine learning weight changes that considers the structural characteristics of a 3D vertical resistive random-access memory (VRRAM) structure for the first time. The newly proposed synapse operating principle of the 3D VRRAM structure can simplify the complexity of a neuron circuit. This study investigates the operating principle of 3D VRRAM synapses with comb-shaped word lines and demonstrates that the proposed 3D VRRAM structure will be a promising solution for a high-density neural network hardware system.

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Yin, Wan-Jun, Tao Wen e Wei Zhang. "Design of Dynamic Random Access Memory Based on One Transistor One Diode Memory Cell". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2924.

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This paper presents the design analysis of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) with one transistor one diode (1T1D). The proposed structure consists of one transistor and one voltage controlled diode capacitor. The word and bit lines are connected with two voltage sources for the write operation. The source and drain of the NMOS is tied together to form the diode structure. The off-state leakage current is the main cause for the power dissipation of DRAM. Thus the improvement of power efficiency to the overall system is a critical task. The conventional DRAM cell contains one capacitor and one transistor. But the absence of capacitor in the proposed work is advantageous by means of compatibility, scalability, fabrication complexity, and cost. Tanner EDA working platform of 7 nm technology is used for the implementation of 1T1D DRAM cell in proposed work. This work achieve the power dissipation, read and write access time in the range of 2.647 mW, 0.04 μs and 0.021 μs respectively. Also, the parameter comparison is performed by changing the technologies from 10 nm to 20 nm for 1T1D DRAM cell design.

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Li, Xin, e Na Gong. "Run-Time Deep Learning Enhanced Fast Coding Unit Decision for High Efficiency Video Coding". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, n. 03 (18 giugno 2019): 2050046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500462.

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The state-of-the-art high efficiency video coding (HEVC/H.265) adopts the hierarchical quadtree-structured coding unit (CU) to enhance the coding efficiency. However, the computational complexity significantly increases because of the exhaustive rate-distortion (RD) optimization process to obtain the optimal coding tree unit (CTU) partition. In this paper, we propose a fast CU size decision algorithm to reduce the heavy computational burden in the encoding process. In order to achieve this, the CU splitting process is modeled as a three-stage binary classification problem according to the CU size from [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. In each CU partition stage, a deep learning approach is applied. Appropriate and efficient features for training the deep learning models are extracted from spatial and pixel domains to eliminate the dependency on video content as well as on encoding configurations. Furthermore, the deep learning framework is built as a third-party library and embedded into the HEVC simulator to speed up the process. The experiment results show the proposed algorithm can achieve significant complexity reduction and it can reduce the encoding time by 49.65%(Low Delay) and 48.81% (Random Access) on average compared with the traditional HEVC encoders with a negligible degradation (2.78% loss in BDBR, 0.145[Formula: see text]dB loss in BDPSNR for Low Delay, and 2.68% loss in BDBR, 0.128[Formula: see text]dB loss in BDPSNR for Random Access) in the coding efficiency.

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AFOLAMI, C. A., e I. B. OGUNGBENRO. "PROFIT EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER COCOYAM-BASED FARMERS AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA". Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 18, n. 1 (6 novembre 2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1911.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cocoyam belongs to the indispensable food category that supplies calorie in the diet of the Nigerian populace. However, researches on its nutrition and economic values are scarce leading to low production and under consumption among the populace. Against the backdrop of the great potential of the Nigerian agriculture in cocoyam production, and the need for land use efficiency, sustainable development, poverty alleviation, attainment of food –security/ self-sufficiency and adequate resource allocation to the production of the crop, this study examined farm level profit efficiency and its determinants for smallholder cocoyam-based farmers in Osun State, South-west Nigeria, using Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit function. Multistage and random sampling techniques were used to select 180 small-holder cocoyam farmers during the 2014 growing season and data were collected from them on their socio-economic and production characteristics. Maximum likelihood estimates of the specified models revealed an average profit efficiency of 44.88 percent which indicated that the profit of the farmers can be increased by 55 percent with the same production cost. The study also found that the level of education of the farmers, access to credit, farming experience, household size, access to extension services, and marital status are factors affecting farm-level profit efficiency in the use of resources. Farm-level policies aimed at promoting the farmers education, access to credit, access to extension services and marital status are recommended for improved profit efficiency.

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Harada, A., H. Yamaoka, R. Ogata, K. Watanabe, K. Kinoshita, S. Kishida, T. Nokami e T. Itoh. "Enhanced stability of the HfO2 electrolyte and reduced working voltage of a CB-RAM by an ionic liquid". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, n. 27 (2015): 6966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc01127b.

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Abstract (sommario):

Supplying a trace volume of ionic liquid, [bmim][Tf₂N], which contains 5000 ppm of H₂O, on the HfO₂ film in the conducting-bridge random access memory composed of Cu/HfO₂/Pt allows improved efficiency of the memory properties: reduction of operating voltage and prevention of destruction of the electrolyte.

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Peregudov, Maksim, e Ivan Semchenko. "Evaluation of Efficiency of Random Multiple Access to ALOHA Type Environment with Voice Connections, Transfer of Service Commands, Text Messages and Multimedia Files in Destructive Impact Conditions". SPIIRAS Proceedings 18, n. 4 (18 luglio 2019): 887–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.2019.18.4.887-911.

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Assessing the security of digital radio networks in destructive impact conditions is an important task. However, such an assessment for random multiple access to the ALOHA-type environment in digital radio networks was not carried out. The paper presents an analytical model of random multiple access for the environment of digital radio networks of the ALOHA type in destructive impact conditions. In this model, acomplex measure, including the probability of a successful voice connection, the transfer of a service command, a text message or a multimedia file, the degree of filling and the degree of overflow of digital radio network data packets, serves as the resultant indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of random multiple media access. The new complex indicator of the probability of a successful voice connection, the transfer of a service command, a text message or a multimedia file takes into account the known probabilities of successful delivery of data packets, creation of a collision and a free channel, as well as new average transmission times for a sequence of data packets and a collision formed during such transmission. New indicators are the degree of filling and the degree of overflow of digital radio communications network data packets. They determine in saturated and supersaturated data networks of such a network how close (far) to maximum is the probability value of a successful voice connection, transmission of a service command, test message or multimedia file. The model takes into account the potential destructive effects of the attacker by refining the analytical expressions for the known probabilistic and new temporal characteristics. First, a quantitative relationship between the probability of a successful voice connection, the transfer of a service command, a text message or a multimedia file and the average duration of a data channel collisions is established./ Secondly, for guaranteed disabling a digital radio network with random multiple access to the medium ALOHA type attacker must constantly carry out a destructive impact. The results are applied in design of digital radio communications networks operating under destructive impacts, as well as in development of automatic systems for optimizing the operation of digital radio communications networks and protecting them from such impacts.

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Gong, Yue-feng, Yun Ling, Zhi-tang Song e Song-lin Feng. "Simulation of Phase Change Random Access Memory for Low Reset Current and High Thermal Efficiency by Finite Element Modeling". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 48, n. 6 (22 giugno 2009): 064505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.48.064505.

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40

Clark, G., L. Anderson-Cable e M. Diggle. "Random access molecular diagnostics – Increased efficiency in laboratory workflow and translation of reduced result turnaround time to patient benefit". Journal of Clinical Virology 82 (settembre 2016): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.092.

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ZADOROZHNY, VLADIMIR, LOUIQA RASCHID e AVIGDOR GAL. "SCALABLE CATALOG INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MANAGING ACCESS COSTS AND SOURCE SELECTION IN WIDE AREA NETWORKS". International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 17, n. 01 (marzo 2008): 77–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843008001786.

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Abstract (sommario):

A WAN environment, such as the Internet, connects a federation of hundreds of servers with tens of thousands of clients, which poses a substantial scalability challenge. Clients may choose among sources that vary in both their content and quality as well as in their access latencies. At the same time, Internet accessible data sources exhibit transient behavior; the unpredictable behavior of a dynamic WAN results in a wide variability in access cost (end-to-end latency). This motivates a need for a source selection strategy that requires maintaining access cost distributions (latency profiles) for each client/server pair. However, in the presence of hundreds of servers and thousands of clients, managing latency profiles cannot scale. We present a scalable methodology to manage latency profiles that use non-random associations between client/server pairs. Such non-random associations may be identified by topology-independent measures such as correlation and mutual information. We propose a Catalog infrastructure that implements our methodology and utilize non-randomly associated latency profiles to estimate access cost distribution for client/server pairs. We perform an extensive experimental study demonstrating feasibility and efficiency of our approach.

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Mo, Songsong, Zhifeng Bao, Ping Zhang e Zhiyong Peng. "Towards an efficient weighted random walk domination". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, n. 4 (dicembre 2020): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3436905.3436915.

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In this paper, we propose and study a new problem called the weighted random walk domination. Given a weighted graph G ( V, E ) and a budget B of the weighted random walk, it aims to find a k -size set S , which can minimize the total costs of the remaining nodes to access S through the weighted random walk, which is bounded by B. This problem is critical to a range of real-world applications, such as advertising in social networks and telecommunication base station selection in wireless sensor networks. We first present a dynamic programming based greedy method (DpSel) as a baseline. DpSel is time-consuming when | V | is huge. Thus, to overcome this drawback, we propose a matrix-based greedy method (MatrixSel), which can reduce the computation cost greatly. To further accelerate MatrixSel, we propose a BoundSel approach to reduce the number of the gain computations in each candidate selection by proactively estimating the upper bound of the marginal gain of the candidate node. Notably, all methods can achieve an approximation ratio of (1 - 1/ e ). Experiments on real datasets have been conducted to verify the efficiency, effectiveness, memory consumption and scalability of our methods.

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Cheng, Wei-Kai, Po-Yuan Shen e Xin-Lun Li. "Retention-Aware DRAM Auto-Refresh Scheme for Energy and Performance Efficiency". Micromachines 10, n. 9 (8 settembre 2019): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090590.

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Abstract (sommario):

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuits require periodic refresh operations to prevent data loss. As DRAM density increases, DRAM refresh overhead is even worse due to the increase of the refresh cycle time. However, because of few the cells in memory that have lower retention time, DRAM has to raise the refresh frequency to keep the data integrity, and hence produce unnecessary refreshes for the other normal cells, which results in a large refresh energy and performance delay of memory access. In this paper, we propose an integration scheme for DRAM refresh based on the retention-aware auto-refresh (RAAR) method and 2x granularity auto-refresh simultaneously. We also explain the corresponding modification need on memory controllers to support the proposed integration refresh scheme. With the given profile of weak cells distribution in memory banks, our integration scheme can choose the most appropriate refresh technique in each refresh time. Experimental results on different refresh cycle times show that the retention-aware refresh scheme can properly improve the system performance and have a great reduction in refresh energy. Especially when the number of weak cells increased due to the thermal effect of 3D-stacked architecture, our methodology still keeps the same performance and energy efficiency.

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Saxena, M., I. Dimitriou e S. Kapodistria. "Analysis of the shortest relay queue policy in a cooperative random access network with collisions". Queueing Systems 94, n. 1-2 (25 ottobre 2019): 39–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11134-019-09636-9.

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Abstract The aim of this work concerns the performance analysis of systems with interacting queues under the join the shortest queue policy. The case of two interacting queues results in a two-dimensional random walk with bounded transitions to non-neighboring states, which in turn results in complicated boundary behavior. Although this system violates the conditions of the compensation approach due to the transitions to non-neighboring states, we show how to extend the framework of the approach and how to apply it to the system at hand. Moreover, as an additional level of theoretic validation, we have compared the results obtained with the compensation approach with those obtained using the power series algorithm and we have shown that the compensation approach outperforms the power series algorithm in terms of numerical efficiency. In addition to the fundamental contribution, the results obtained are also of practical value, since our analysis constitutes a first attempt toward gaining insight into the performance of such interacting queues under the join the shortest queue policy. To fully comprehend the benefits of such a protocol, we compare its performance to the Bernoulli routing scheme as well as to that of the single relay system. Extensive numerical results show interesting insights into the system’s performance.

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Bani-Bakr, Alaa, Kaharudin Dimyati, MHD Nour Hindia, Wei Ru Wong e Tengku Faiz Tengku Mohmed Noor Izam. "Joint Successful Transmission Probability, Delay, and Energy Efficiency Caching Optimization in Fog Radio Access Network". Electronics 10, n. 15 (31 luglio 2021): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151847.

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Abstract (sommario):

The fog radio access network (F-RAN) is considered an efficient architecture for caching technology as it can support both edge and centralized caching due to the backhauling of the fog access points (F-APs). Successful transmission probability (STP), delay, and energy efficiency (EE) are key performance metrics for F-RAN. Therefore, this paper proposes a proactive cache placement scheme that jointly optimizes STP, delay, and EE in wireless backhauled cache-enabled F-RAN. First, expressions of the association probability, STP, average delay, and EE are derived using stochastic geometry tools. Then, the optimization problem is formulated to obtain the optimal cache placement that maximizes the weighted sum of STP, EE, and negative delay. To solve the optimization problem, this paper proposes the normalized cuckoo search algorithm (NCSA), which is a novel modified version of the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). In NCSA, after generating the solutions randomly via Lévy flight and random walk, a simple bound is applied, and then the solutions are normalized to assure their feasibility. The numerical results show that the proposed joint cache placement scheme can effectively achieve significant performance improvement by up to 15% higher STP, 45% lower delay, and 350% higher EE over the well-known benchmark caching schemes.

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Wang, Guoqing, He Chen e Yizhuang Xie. "An Efficient Dual-Channel Data Storage and Access Method for Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Real-Time Processing". Electronics 10, n. 6 (12 marzo 2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060662.

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Abstract (sommario):

With the development of remote sensing technology and very large-scale integrated circuit (VLSI) technology, the real-time processing of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has greatly improved the ability of Earth observation. However, the characteristics of external memory have led to matrix transposition becoming a technical bottleneck that limits the real-time performance of the SAR imaging system. In order to solve this problem, this paper combines the optimized data mapping method and reasonable hardware architecture to implement a data controller based on the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). First of all, this paper proposes an optimized dual-channel data storage and access method, so that the two-dimensional data access efficiency can be improved. Then, a hardware architecture is designed with register manager, simplified address generator and dual-channel Double-Data-Rate Three Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR3 SDRAM) access mode. Finally, the proposed data controller is implemented on the Xilinx XC7VX690T FPGA chip. The experimental results show that the reading efficiency of the data controller proposed is 80% both in the range direction and azimuth direction, and the writing efficiency is 66% both in the range direction and azimuth direction. The results of a comparison with the recent implementations show that the proposed data controller has a higher data bandwidth, is more flexible in its design, and is suitable for use in spaceborne scenarios.

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Jiao, Simiao, Zihui Xue, Xiaowei Chen e Yuedong Xu. "Sampling Graphlets of Multiplex Networks: A Restricted Random Walk Approach". ACM Transactions on the Web 15, n. 4 (11 giugno 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3456291.

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Graphlets are induced subgraph patterns that are crucial to the understanding of the structure and function of a large network. A lot of effort has been devoted to calculating graphlet statistics where random walk-based approaches are commonly used to access restricted graphs through the available application programming interfaces (APIs). However, most of them merely consider individual networks while overlooking the strong coupling between different networks. In this article, we estimate the graphlet concentration in multiplex networks with real-world applications. An inter-layer edge connects two nodes in different layers if they actually belong to the same node. The access to a multiplex network is restrictive in the sense that the upper layer allows random walk sampling, whereas the nodes of lower layers can be accessed only through the inter-layer edges and only support random node or edge sampling. To cope with this new challenge, we define a suit of two-layer graphlets and propose novel random walk sampling algorithms to estimate the proportion of all the three-node graphlets. An analytical bound on the sampling steps is proved to guarantee the convergence of our unbiased estimator. We further generalize our algorithm to explore the tradeoff between the estimated accuracy of different graphlets when the sample budget is split into different layers. Experimental evaluation on real-world and synthetic multiplex networks demonstrates the accuracy and high efficiency of our unbiased estimators.

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Ume, Smiles I., A. I. N. Kaine e C. D. Ochiaka. "Resource Use Efficiency of Yam Production among Smallholder Farmers and Effect to the Environment in the Tropics". Sustainable Food Production 7 (febbraio 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sfp.7.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Resource use efficiency of yam production among smallholder farmers in Southeast, Nigeria was studied. The specific objectives of the study are to estimate the costs and returns in yam production, determine the allocative efficiency of yam production among small holder farmers, determine the different effects of yam cropping activities to the environment and identify and describe the limiting factor to yam production in the study area. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 240 farmers and from which information needed for the study were elicited using a structure questionnaire. Cost and returns analysis, allocative efficiency model and distributive statistics such as percentage response and frequency distribution table were used to capture the objectives of the study. The result shows that yam production was profitable in the study area. Also, result of the allocative efficiency of the inputs shows that the farmers did not attain optimal allocative efficiency, since they either under - utilized or over utilized their resources. Yam production activities in form of clearing, burning, pesticides use, fertilizer use and tillage could result in among others wild Life habitation, oxygen – carbon dioxide balance, erosion, effect aesthetic, increases soil temperature, reduction of soil nutrient, human health and welfare and conversion of organic nitrogen into mobile nitrates. The constraints to yam production were high cost of labour, poor access to credit, poor access to extension services and high cost of labour. Improving farmers’ access to credit, fertilizer and extension contact were recommended.

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Boumaiz, Marwa, Mohammed El Ghazi, Mohammed Fattah, Anas Bouayad e Moulhime El Bekkali. "Energy consumption study of channel access modes and modulation schemes of the 2.4 GHz narrowband IEEE 802.15.6". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, n. 3 (1 giugno 2021): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1505-1512.

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Abstract (sommario):

Energy efficiency is an important challenge for wireless body area networks. Therefore, choosing the channel access modes and modulation schemes that guarantee lower energy consumption is necessary to increase the network lifetime, especially in wireless body area network (WBAN) medical applications. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the network energy consumption in on-body medical applications (which are classified as low data rate, medium data rate, and high data rate applications) for two channel access mechanisms: random and scheduled access modes, and two modulation schemes: differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) and differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK), which are supported by the 2.4 GHz band of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.6 standard. The considered on-body area network (BAN) of the study supports two communication scenarios: the line-of-sight transmission and the non-line-of-sight communications, referenced as CM3A and CM3B path loss models respectively. Simulation results have demonstrated that the scheduled access mode based on time-division multiple access (TDMA), and DQPSK are the optimal choices to be made at the media access control (MAC) and physical layer levels respectively, in terms of energy efficiency, in low, medium, and high data rate on-body WBAN applications.

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Bouaafia, Soulef, Randa Khemiri, Seifeddine Messaoud e Fatma Elzahra Sayadi. "Complexity Analysis of New Future Video Coding (FVC) Standard Technology". International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2021 (2 agosto 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627673.

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Abstract (sommario):

Future Video Coding (FVC) is a modern standard in the field of video coding that offers much higher compression efficiency than the HEVC standard. FVC was developed by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET), formed through collaboration between the ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG. New tools emerging with the FVC bring in super resolution implementation schemes that are being recommended for Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) video coding in both SDR and HDR images. However, a new flexible block structure is adopted in the FVC standard, which is named quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT) in order to enhance compression efficiency. In this paper, we provide a fast FVC algorithm to achieve better performance and to reduce encoding complexity. First, we evaluate the FVC profiles under All Intra, Low-Delay P, and Random Access to determine which coding components consume the most time. Second, a fast FVC mode decision is proposed to reduce encoding computational complexity. Then, a comparison between three configurations, namely, Random Access, Low-Delay B, and Low-Delay P, is proposed, in terms of Bitrate, PSNR, and encoding time. Compared to previous works, the experimental results prove that the time saving reaches 13% with a decrease in the Bitrate of about 0.6% and in the PSNR of 0.01 to 0.2 dB.

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