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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Radiation use efficiency"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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1

Priadkina, G. O., O. O. Stasik, A. M. Poliovyi, O. E. Yarmolska e K. Kuzmova. "Radiation use efficiency of winter wheat canopy during pre-anthesis growth". Fiziologia rastenij i genetika 52, n. 3 (giugno 2020): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.03.208.

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2

Li, Q., M. Liu, J. Zhang, B. Dong e Q. Bai. "Biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency of winter wheat under deficit irrigation regimes". Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 2 (24 febbraio 2009): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/315-pse.

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To better understand the potential for improving biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of winter wheat under deficit irrigation regimes, in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008, an experiment was conducted at the Luancheng Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science to study the effects of deficit irrigation regimes on the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), biomass accumulation, grain yield, and RUE of winter wheat. In this experiment, field experiment involving winter wheat with 1, 2 and 3 irrigation applications at sowing, jointing, or heading stages was conducted, and total irrigation water was all controlled at 120 mm. The results indicate that irrigation 2 or 3 times could help to increase the PAR capture ratio in the later growing season of winter wheat; this result was mainly due to the changes in the vertical distributions of leaf area index (LAI) and a significant increase of the LAI at 0–20 cm above the ground surface (LSD, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with irrigation only once during the growing season of winter wheat, irrigation 2 times significantly (LSD, <i>P</i> < 0.05) increased aboveground dry matter at maturity; irrigation at sowing and heading or jointing and heading stages significantly (LSD, <i>P</i> < 0.05) improved the grain yield, and irrigation at jointing and heading stages provided the highest RUE (0.56 g/mol). Combining the grain yield and RUE, it can be concluded that irrigation at jointing and heading stages has higher grain yield and RUE, which will offer a sound measurement for developing deficit irrigation regimes in North China.

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3

Shiraiwa, Tatsuhiko, Yohei Kawasaki e Koki Homma. "Estimation of Crop Radiation Use Efficiency". Japanese Journal of Crop Science 80, n. 3 (2011): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/jcs.80.360.

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4

Kemanian, Armen R., Claudio O. Stöckle e David R. Huggins. "Variability of Barley Radiation‐Use Efficiency". Crop Science 44, n. 5 (settembre 2004): 1662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.1662.

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5

Morrison, Malcolm J., e Doug W. Stewart. "Radiation‐Use Efficiency in Summer Rape". Agronomy Journal 87, n. 6 (novembre 1995): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700060016x.

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6

Rosenthal, W. D., e T. J. Gerik. "Radiation Use Efficiency among Cotton Cultivars". Agronomy Journal 83, n. 4 (luglio 1991): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040001x.

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7

Han, H., Z. Li, T. Ning, X. Zhang, Y. Shan e M. Bai. "Radiation use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under deficit irrigation in North Chin". Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 7 (17 luglio 2008): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/421-pse.

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Water stress is a frequent and critical limit to wheat (<I>Triticum aestivum</I> L.) production in North China. It has been shown that photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) is closely related to crop production. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation and winter wheat varieties on the PAR capture ration, PAR utilization and grain yield. Field experiments involved Jimai 20 (J; high yield variety) and Lainong 0153 (L; dryland variety) with non-irrigation and irrigated at jointing stage. The results showed that whether irrigated at jointing stage or not, there was no significant difference between J and L with respect to the amount of PAR intercepted by the winter wheat canopies. However, significant differences were observed between the varieties with respect to the amount of PAR intercepted by plants that were 60–80 cm above the ground surface. This result was mainly caused by the changes in the vertical distributions of leaf area index (LAI). As a result, the effects of the varieties and deficit irrigation on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and grain yield of winter wheat were due to the vertical distribution of PAR in the winter wheat canopies. During the late growing season of winter wheat, irrespective of the irrigation regime, the RUE and grain yield of J were significantly (LSD, <I>P</I> < 0.05) higher than those of L. These results suggest that a combination of deficit irrigation and a suitable winter wheat variety should be applied in North China.

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8

Andrade, F. H., S. A. Uhart e A. Cirilo. "Temperature affects radiation use efficiency in maize". Field Crops Research 32, n. 1-2 (febbraio 1993): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90018-i.

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9

Sinclair, Thomas R., Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa e Graeme L. Hammer. "Variation in Crop Radiation‐Use Efficiency with Increased Diffuse Radiation". Crop Science 32, n. 5 (settembre 1992): 1281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200050043x.

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10

Goyne, PJ, SP Milroy, JM Lilley e JM Hare. "Radiation interception, radiation use efficiency and growth of barley cultivars". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, n. 6 (1993): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931351.

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Dry matter production and utilization of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was studied for barley (Hordeurn vulgare L.) in the field at Hermitage Research Station, Qld. In 1990, four cultivars (Gilbert, Tallon, Grimmett, Skiff) were sown at three times and grown with non-limiting soil moisture. In 1991, soil moisture limitations were imposed on one sowing of the cultivar Grimmett. The radiation extinction coefficient (k) was 0.41�0.02 and did not vary with cultivar, time of sowing or soil moisture availability. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) (based on absorbed PAR and above-ground dry matter) did not change with time of sowing but did vary between cultivars. RUE was highest for Gilbert (2.90�0.10 g MJ-1), while the other three cultivars averaged 2.60�0.04 g MJ-l. RUE of Grimmett was significantly lower in 1991 (1.48�0.07 g MJ-1) than in 1990 (2.60�0.07g MJ-1), but soil moisture differences in 1991 did not significantly affect RUE. Several factors with possible links with RUE were examined and discussed. Of the variables examined those which showed the strongest relationships with RUE were average daily vapour pressure deficit and average daily minimum temperature.

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11

Gallo, Kevin P., Craig S. T. Daughtry e Craig L. Wiegand. "Errors in Measuring Absorbed Radiation and Computing Crop Radiation Use Efficiency". Agronomy Journal 85, n. 6 (novembre 1993): 1222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060024x.

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12

Lake, Lachlan, e Victor Sadras. "Associations between yield, intercepted radiation and radiation-use efficiency in chickpea". Crop and Pasture Science 68, n. 2 (2017): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16356.

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Relationships between yield, biomass, radiation interception (PARint) and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) have been studied in many crops for use in growth analysis and modelling. Research in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is limited, with variation caused by environment and phenological stage not adequately described. This study aims to characterise the variation in chickpea PARint and RUE with phenological stage, line and environment and their interactions, and the impact of this variation on yield. Chickpea lines (six desi and one kabuli) previously identified as varying for yield, competitive ability, crop growth rate and phenology were compared in four environments resulting from a combination of two sowing dates and dry and irrigated water regimes. Yield varied from 0.7 to 3.7 t ha–1. Line, environment, phenological stage and the interactions line (G) × environment (E) and environment × stage affected both RUE and PARint. Line × stage interaction also affected RUE. High PARint and RUE were associated with high yield, but the interaction between environment and phenological stage dictated this relationship; higher PARint and RUE were observed in irrigated environments. Some environment × phenological stage combinations resulted in no significant associations, particularly before flowering in dry environments. These results emphasise the importance of understanding the effects of G × E on capture and efficiency in the use of radiation and have implications for growth analysis, modelling and breeding.

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13

George-Jaeggli, B., D. R. Jordan, E. J. van Oosterom, I. J. Broad e G. L. Hammer. "Sorghum dwarfing genes can affect radiation capture and radiation use efficiency". Field Crops Research 149 (agosto 2013): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.05.005.

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14

Arnelli, Arnelli, Ulya Hanifah Henrika Putri, Fandi Nasrun Cholis e Yayuk Astuti. "Use of Microwave Radiation for Activating Carbon from Rice Husk Using ZnCl2 Activator". Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22, n. 6 (9 novembre 2019): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.6.282-291.

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Activated carbon is one of the most commonly used adsorbents in a variety of separation processes because it is inexpensive, and also the design and principal of application are quite simple. The ability of activated carbon as an adsorbent is related to its large surface area and pore volume, varying pore structure, and diverse surface reactivity. The use of microwave radiation can further improve the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Micro-waves can affect the pore texture and surface of the activated carbon, but rarely do both practitioners and researchers control these variables influencing the relationship between features and performance of biomass-based activated carbon as an adsorbent at the time of manufacture from the initial stage (carbonation) to carbon application active (e.g., adsorption of heavy metals, surfactants, and organic molecules). This study aims to synthesize activated carbon from rice husk, which has the efficiency and capacity of adsorption of heavy metals such as Pb and activator organic molecules used is ZnCl2 30% and microwave radiation. This research has succeeded in making activated carbon using the ZnCl2 activator and microwave radiation. The time and power of microwave radiation that provides the highest efficiency in the carbon activation process for Pb ion adsorbate, were 7 minutes and 800 W. For phenol adsorbate was 5 minutes at 800 W. The highest efficiency time and concentration of adsorption for Pb ion adsorbate were 40 minutes at 60 ppm while for phenol adsorbate were 5 hours at 100 ppm. The adsorption efficiency for Pb cation adsorbate was 99.57%. While for phenol adsorbate is 81.05%. Characterization with FTIR, SEM-EDX, and SAA showed a C-Cl bond, the pores were visible, and an increased surface area of activated carbon was 36.9 times the surface area of carbon and the pores formed were mesoporous.

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15

Arnelli, Arnelli, Ulya Hanifah Henrika Putri, Fandi Nasrun Cholis e Yayuk Astuti. "Use of Microwave Radiation for Activating Carbon from Rice Husk Using ZnCl2 Activator". Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22, n. 6 (9 novembre 2019): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.6.283-291.

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Abstract (sommario):

Activated carbon is one of the most commonly used adsorbents in a variety of separation processes because it is inexpensive, and also the design and principal of application are quite simple. The ability of activated carbon as an adsorbent is related to its large surface area and pore volume, varying pore structure, and diverse surface reactivity. The use of microwave radiation can further improve the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Micro-waves can affect the pore texture and surface of the activated carbon, but rarely do both practitioners and researchers control these variables influencing the relationship between features and performance of biomass-based activated carbon as an adsorbent at the time of manufacture from the initial stage (carbonation) to carbon application active (e.g., adsorption of heavy metals, surfactants, and organic molecules). This study aims to synthesize activated carbon from rice husk, which has the efficiency and capacity of adsorption of heavy metals such as Pb and activator organic molecules used is ZnCl2 30% and microwave radiation. This research has succeeded in making activated carbon using the ZnCl2 activator and microwave radiation. The time and power of microwave radiation that provides the highest efficiency in the carbon activation process for Pb ion adsorbate, were 7 minutes and 800 W. For phenol adsorbate was 5 minutes at 800 W. The highest efficiency time and concentration of adsorption for Pb ion adsorbate were 40 minutes at 60 ppm while for phenol adsorbate were 5 hours at 100 ppm. The adsorption efficiency for Pb cation adsorbate was 99.57%. While for phenol adsorbate is 81.05%. Characterization with FTIR, SEM-EDX, and SAA showed a C-Cl bond, the pores were visible, and an increased surface area of activated carbon was 36.9 times the surface area of carbon and the pores formed were mesoporous.

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16

Gonias, Evangelos D., Derrick M. Oosterhuis, Androniki C. Bibi e Bruce A. Roberts. "Radiation Use Efficiency of Cotton in Contrasting Environments". American Journal of Plant Sciences 03, n. 05 (2012): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.35079.

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17

Chakwizira, E., J. M. de Ruiter, A. L. Fletcher e E. D. Meenken. "Estimating theoretical radiation-use efficiency for kale crops". Grass and Forage Science 69, n. 1 (11 marzo 2013): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12047.

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18

Bell, M. J., G. C. Wright e G. L. Hammer. "Night Temperature Affects Radiation‐Use Efficiency in Peanut". Crop Science 32, n. 6 (novembre 1992): 1329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200060005x.

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19

Major, D. J., B. W. Beasley e R. I. Hamilton. "Effect of Maize Maturity on Radiation‐Use Efficiency". Agronomy Journal 83, n. 5 (settembre 1991): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300050023x.

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20

Lindquist, John L., Timothy J. Arkebauer, Daniel T. Walters, Kenneth G. Cassman e Achim Dobermann. "Maize Radiation Use Efficiency under Optimal Growth Conditions". Agronomy Journal 97, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0072.

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21

Koopmann, Gary, Eric Salesky e Weicheng Chen. "Use of tile overlays to reduce the radiation efficiency of radiating surfaces". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, n. 5 (2002): 2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778432.

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22

Bange, M. P., G. L. Hammer e K. G. Rickert. "Effect of Radiation Environment on Radiation Use Efficiency and Growth of Sunflower". Crop Science 37, n. 4 (luglio 1997): 1208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700040030x.

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23

Elhakeem, Ali, Wopke van der Werf e Lammert Bastiaans. "Radiation interception and radiation use efficiency in mixtures of winter cover crops". Field Crops Research 264 (maggio 2021): 108034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108034.

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24

Sinclair, T. R., e R. C. Muchow. "Occam's Razor, radiation-use efficiency, and vapor pressure deficit". Field Crops Research 62, n. 2-3 (giugno 1999): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(99)00011-8.

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25

Campbell, Colin S., James L. Heilman, Kevin J. McInnes, Lloyd T. Wilson, James C. Medley, Guowei Wu e Douglas R. Cobos. "Seasonal variation in radiation use efficiency of irrigated rice". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 110, n. 1 (dicembre 2001): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(01)00277-5.

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26

GONIAS, E. D., D. M. OOSTERHUIS e A. C. BIBI. "Cotton radiation use efficiency response to plant growth regulators". Journal of Agricultural Science 150, n. 5 (ottobre 2012): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000803.

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SUMMARYPlant growth regulators are widely used in cotton production to improve crop management. Previous research has demonstrated changes in crop growth, dry matter (DM) partitioning and lint yield of cotton after the application of plant growth regulators. However, no reports are available demonstrating the effect of plant growth regulators on light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Field studies were conducted in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA in 2006 and 2007. RUE was estimated for the period between the pinhead square stage (PHS) of growth and 3 weeks after first flower (FF+3) from plots receiving three applications of the nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride with Bacillus cereus plant growth regulators (Chaperone™) at 7·19 g a.i./ha and Pix Plus® at 41·94 g a.i./ha compared with an untreated control. No differences between the Chaperone treatment and the untreated control were found in the present study. However, Pix Plus significantly reduced plant height (both 2006 and 2007) and leaf area (2007 only), and altered the canopy structure of the crop as recorded by increased values of canopy extinction coefficient. Although DM accumulation was found not to be affected by plant growth regulator treatments, RUE was significantly increased after Pix Plus application, by 33·2%. RUE was increased because less light was intercepted by the Pix Plus treatment for the same biomass production, and this is probably a result of changes in photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and changes in light distribution throughout the canopy.

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27

Hatfield, Jerry L. "Radiation Use Efficiency: Evaluation of Cropping and Management Systems". Agronomy Journal 106, n. 5 (settembre 2014): 1820–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0310.

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28

Druille, Magdalena, Mariano Oyarzabal e Martín Oesterheld. "Radiation Use Efficiency of Forage Resources: A Meta‐Analysis". Agronomy Journal 111, n. 4 (luglio 2019): 1770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.10.0645.

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29

Wang, D., M. C. Shannon e C. M. Grieve. "Salinity reduces radiation absorption and use efficiency in soybean". Field Crops Research 69, n. 3 (marzo 2001): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(00)00154-4.

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30

Damay, N., e J. Le Gouis. "Radiation use efficiency of sugar beet in Northern France". European Journal of Agronomy 2, n. 3 (1993): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1161-0301(14)80127-5.

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31

PENUELAS, JOSEP, IOLANDA FILELLA e JOHN A. GAMON. "Assessment of photosynthetic radiation-use efficiency with spectral reflectance". New Phytologist 131, n. 3 (novembre 1995): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03064.x.

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32

Healey, K. D., G. L. Hammer, K. G. Rickert e M. P. Bange. "Radiation use efficiency increases when the diffuse component of incident radiation is enhanced under shade". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, n. 4 (1998): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97100.

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Theoretical analyses have shown the radiation use efficiency of maize, soybean, and peanut to increase with a decrease in the level of incident radiation and an increase in the proportion of diffuse radiation. This study compared the growth and radiation use efficiency of Panicum maximum cv. Petrie (green panic) and Bothriochloa insculpta cv. Bisset (creeping bluegrass) beneath shading treatments (birdguard and solarweave shadecloths) with that in full sunlight. A level of incident radiation reduced by 25% under birdguard shadecloth decreased final yield and final leaf area index,but increased canopy leaf nitrogen concentration and radiation use efficiency (19-14%) (compared withthe full sun treatment). A similar level of reduced incident radiation under solarweave shadecloth (which provided an increased proportion of diffiuse radiation), increased final yield and radiation use efficiency (46-50%). An understanding of the effects of composition of incident radiation on radiation use efficiency of tropical grasses enables more accurate estimation of potential pasture growth in shaded environments. It also has impact upon crop production in glasshouses and greenhouses.

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Calderini, Daniel F., María F. Dreccer e Gustavo A. Slafer. "Consequences of breeding on biomass, radiation interception and radiation-use efficiency in wheat". Field Crops Research 52, n. 3 (giugno 1997): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4290(96)03465-x.

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Collino, D. J., J. L. Dardanelli, M. J. De Luca e R. W. Racca. "Temperature and water availability effects on radiation and water use efficiencies in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, n. 4 (2005): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04050.

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Alfalfa, the most important forage crop in Argentina, shows considerable variability in forage production caused by variations in inter-annual rainfall and intra-annual radiation and temperature regimes. Such variation may affect radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. This paper seeks to study the effects of temperature and water availability on radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency. We conducted the experiment in Córdoba, Argentina, under irrigated and droughted conditions. Drought was imposed by mobile rainout shelters during 3 consecutive periods. We measured forage, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and water use to calculate radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency between cuttings. Under irrigation, radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency normalised by daytime vapour pressure deficit, were not limited by mean temperature above 21.3 and 21.9°C, respectively. Below those critical values, both variables decreased consistently with temperature decrements. Under drought, radiation use efficiency tended to decrease and water use efficiency tended to increase. In addition, the relationship between relative dry matter and relative water use was not linear, as reported in previous studies for annual crops.

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Boese, Sven, Martin Jung, Nuno Carvalhais e Markus Reichstein. "The importance of radiation for semiempirical water-use efficiency models". Biogeosciences 14, n. 12 (22 giugno 2017): 3015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3015-2017.

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Abstract. Water-use efficiency (WUE) is a fundamental property for the coupling of carbon and water cycles in plants and ecosystems. Existing model formulations predicting this variable differ in the type of response of WUE to the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit of water (VPD). We tested a representative WUE model on the ecosystem scale at 110 eddy covariance sites of the FLUXNET initiative by predicting evapotranspiration (ET) based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and VPD. We found that introducing an intercept term in the formulation increases model performance considerably, indicating that an additional factor needs to be considered. We demonstrate that this intercept term varies seasonally and we subsequently associate it with radiation. Replacing the constant intercept term with a linear function of global radiation was found to further improve model predictions of ET. Our new semiempirical ecosystem WUE formulation indicates that, averaged over all sites, this radiation term accounts for up to half (39–47 %) of transpiration. These empirical findings challenge the current understanding of water-use efficiency on the ecosystem scale.

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LI, Di-qin, Qi-yuan TANG, Jian-quan QIN, Yun-bo ZHANG, Sheng-hai YANG, Li-jun CHEN e Xiao-yong LI. "Relationship between solar radiation use efficiency and rice grain yield". JOURNAL OF HUNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 37, n. 1 (28 marzo 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1238.2011.00001.

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37

Gramig, Greta G., David E. Stoltenberg e John M. Norman. "Weed species radiation-use efficiency as affected by competitive environment". Weed Science 54, n. 6 (novembre 2006): 1013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-012r.1.

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38

Phillips, Xavier A., Yuba R. Kandel, Mark A. Licht e Daren S. Mueller. "Estimating Soybean Radiation Use Efficiency Using a UAV in Iowa". Agronomy 10, n. 12 (20 dicembre 2020): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10122002.

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Radiation use efficiency (RUE) is difficult to estimate and unreasonable to perform on a small plot scale using traditional techniques. However, the increased availability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides the ability to collect spatial and temporal data at high resolution and frequency, which has made a potential workaround. An experiment was completed in Iowa to (i) demonstrate RUE estimation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from reflectance data derived from consumer-grade UAV imagery and (ii) investigate the impact of foliar fungicides on RUE in Iowa. Some fungicides are promoted to have plant health benefits beyond disease protection, and changes in RUE may capture their effect. Frogeye leaf spot severity did not exceed 2%. RUE values ranged from 0.98 to 1.07 and 0.96 to 1.12 across the entire season and the period post-fungicide application, respectively, and fell within the range of previously published soybean RUE values. Plots treated with fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin had more canopy cover (p = 0.078) compared to the non-treated control 133 days after planting (DAP), but yields did not differ. A “greening effect” was detected at the end of the sample collection. RUE estimation using UAV imagery can be considered a viable option for the evaluation of management techniques on a small plot scale. Since it is directly related to yield, RUE could be an appropriate parameter to elucidate the impact of plant diseases and other stresses on yield.

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Sinclair, T. R., e T. Horie. "Leaf Nitrogen, Photosynthesis, and Crop Radiation Use Efficiency: A Review". Crop Science 29, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900010023x.

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Sinclair, T. R., J. M. Bennett e K. J. Boote. "Leaf Nitrogen Content, Photosynthesis and Radiation Use Efficiency in Peanut1". Peanut Science 20, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-20-1-11.

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Abstract It has been hypothesized that a close correlation exists between specific leaf nitrogen content (SLN, g N m-2 leaf area) and leaf carbon exchange rate (CER), and crop radiation use efficiency (RUE). This association has not been investigated previously in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) so the objective of this research was to obtain such data under greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse study differing nitrogen fertilizer treatments for a non-nodulated cultivar resulted in leaves with a wide range of SLN and CER. A strong, positive association between SLN and CER was found. In the field little variation in either SLN or CER was observed through much of the growing season in four commercial cultivars. Consistent with the observation of stability in SLN and CER, RUE based on total, intercepted solar radiation was found to be constant at 1.00 g MJ-1 through the growing season. However, the observed RUE was 29% greater than a theoretical RUE calculated assuming a uniform distribution of SLN in the canopy. One possibility is that RUE of peanuts may be enhanced by a nonuniform SLN distribution within its leaf canopy. In any event, the results of both the greenhouse and field tests showed that peanut CO2 assimilation is closely linked to leaf SLN.

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41

Schluter, Dolph. "Adaptive Radiation in Sticklebacks: Size, Shape, and Habitat Use Efficiency". Ecology 74, n. 3 (aprile 1993): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940797.

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42

Singer, J. W., T. J. Sauer, B. C. Blaser e D. W. Meek. "Radiation Use Efficiency in Dual Winter Cereal-Forage Production Systems". Agronomy Journal 99, n. 4 (luglio 2007): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0033.

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43

Kiniry, James R., e Gerald W. Evers. "Radiation Use Efficiency of Arrowleaf, Crimson, Rose, and Subterranean Clovers". Agronomy Journal 100, n. 4 (luglio 2008): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0335.

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44

Reynolds, Matthew P., Maarten van Ginkel e Jean‐Marcel Ribaut. "Avenues for genetic modification of radiation use efficiency in wheat". Journal of Experimental Botany 51, suppl_1 (febbraio 2000): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/51.suppl_1.459.

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45

Chimonyo, Vimbayi Grace Petrova, Albert Thembinkosi Modi e Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi. "Sorghum radiation use efficiency and biomass partitioning in intercrop systems". South African Journal of Botany 118 (settembre 2018): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.009.

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46

Rosenthal, W. D., T. J. Gerik e L. J. Wade. "Radiation‐Use Efficiency among Grain Sorghum Cultivars and Plant Densities". Agronomy Journal 85, n. 3 (maggio 1993): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500030034x.

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47

Wright, GC, e GL Hammer. "Distribution of nitrogen and radiation use efficiency in peanut canopies". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, n. 3 (1994): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9940565.

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The allocation pattern of leaf nitrogen throughout a crop canopy can theoretically affect crop photosynthetic performance and radiation use efficiency (RUE). No information is available on the existence of leaf nitrogen gradients in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) canopies, nor on how these gradients might impact on RUE. Peanut crops (cv. Tifton-8) were grown in warm and cool environments, and the canopy profiles of leaf area index, light interception, specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) were examined at 73 and 112 days after planting. Crop RUE was also measured during this period. There was a marked decline in SLN from the top to the base of the canopy in both environments. The gradient in SLN occurred due to changes in SLW and LNC in the warm environment, but only due to changes in SLW in the cool environment. The gradient appeared to be largely controlled by the light environment within the canopy, as evidenced by the commonality (across environments) of the relationship between SLN and cumulative light interception throughout the canopy. Radiation use efficiency was 33% higher in the crop grown in the warm compared to the cool environment, suggesting that cool temperatures can limit RUE in peanut. For the crop at the warm site, RUE was 32% higher than the theoretical RUE assuming a uniform SLN distribution in the canopy. It is suggested that the existence of non-uniform SLN distribution in the canopy may allow enhanced RUE compared to canopies with uniform SLN distribution.

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48

Solovev, D. B., e A. E. Merkusheva. "Increase in Efficiency of Use of Pedestrian Radiation Portal Monitors". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 262 (novembre 2017): 012200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/262/1/012200.

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49

Begue, A., J. F. Desprat, J. Imbernon e F. Baret. "Radiation use efficiency of pearl millet in the Sahelian zone". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 56, n. 1-2 (luglio 1991): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(91)90106-z.

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50

Andrade, F. H., S. A. Uhart, G. G. Arguissain e R. A. Ruiz. "Radiation use efficiency of maize grown in a cool area". Field Crops Research 28, n. 4 (febbraio 1992): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(92)90020-a.

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