Bibliografie tematiche / Radiation use efficiency

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Radiation use efficiency"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Radiation use efficiency"

Priadkina, G. O., O. O. Stasik, A. M. Poliovyi, O. E. Yarmolska e K. Kuzmova. "Radiation use efficiency of winter wheat canopy during pre-anthesis growth". Fiziologia rastenij i genetika 52, n. 3 (giugno 2020): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.03.208.

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Li, Q., M. Liu, J. Zhang, B. Dong e Q. Bai. "Biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency of winter wheat under deficit irrigation regimes". Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 2 (24 febbraio 2009): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/315-pse.

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To better understand the potential for improving biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of winter wheat under deficit irrigation regimes, in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008, an experiment was conducted at the Luancheng Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science to study the effects of deficit irrigation regimes on the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), biomass accumulation, grain yield, and RUE of winter wheat. In this experiment, field experiment involving winter wheat with 1, 2 and 3 irrigation applications at sowing, jointing, or heading stages was conducted, and total irrigation water was all controlled at 120 mm. The results indicate that irrigation 2 or 3 times could help to increase the PAR capture ratio in the later growing season of winter wheat; this result was mainly due to the changes in the vertical distributions of leaf area index (LAI) and a significant increase of the LAI at 0–20 cm above the ground surface (LSD, P < 0.05). Compared with irrigation only once during the growing season of winter wheat, irrigation 2 times significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) increased aboveground dry matter at maturity; irrigation at sowing and heading or jointing and heading stages significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) improved the grain yield, and irrigation at jointing and heading stages provided the highest RUE (0.56 g/mol). Combining the grain yield and RUE, it can be concluded that irrigation at jointing and heading stages has higher grain yield and RUE, which will offer a sound measurement for developing deficit irrigation regimes in North China.

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Shiraiwa, Tatsuhiko, Yohei Kawasaki e Koki Homma. "Estimation of Crop Radiation Use Efficiency". Japanese Journal of Crop Science 80, n. 3 (2011): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/jcs.80.360.

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Kemanian, Armen R., Claudio O. Stöckle e David R. Huggins. "Variability of Barley Radiation‐Use Efficiency". Crop Science 44, n. 5 (settembre 2004): 1662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.1662.

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Morrison, Malcolm J., e Doug W. Stewart. "Radiation‐Use Efficiency in Summer Rape". Agronomy Journal 87, n. 6 (novembre 1995): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700060016x.

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Rosenthal, W. D., e T. J. Gerik. "Radiation Use Efficiency among Cotton Cultivars". Agronomy Journal 83, n. 4 (luglio 1991): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040001x.

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Han, H., Z. Li, T. Ning, X. Zhang, Y. Shan e M. Bai. "Radiation use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under deficit irrigation in North Chin". Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 7 (17 luglio 2008): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/421-pse.

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Water stress is a frequent and critical limit to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in North China. It has been shown that photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) is closely related to crop production. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation and winter wheat varieties on the PAR capture ration, PAR utilization and grain yield. Field experiments involved Jimai 20 (J; high yield variety) and Lainong 0153 (L; dryland variety) with non-irrigation and irrigated at jointing stage. The results showed that whether irrigated at jointing stage or not, there was no significant difference between J and L with respect to the amount of PAR intercepted by the winter wheat canopies. However, significant differences were observed between the varieties with respect to the amount of PAR intercepted by plants that were 60–80 cm above the ground surface. This result was mainly caused by the changes in the vertical distributions of leaf area index (LAI). As a result, the effects of the varieties and deficit irrigation on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and grain yield of winter wheat were due to the vertical distribution of PAR in the winter wheat canopies. During the late growing season of winter wheat, irrespective of the irrigation regime, the RUE and grain yield of J were significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) higher than those of L. These results suggest that a combination of deficit irrigation and a suitable winter wheat variety should be applied in North China.

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Andrade, F. H., S. A. Uhart e A. Cirilo. "Temperature affects radiation use efficiency in maize". Field Crops Research 32, n. 1-2 (febbraio 1993): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90018-i.

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Sinclair, Thomas R., Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa e Graeme L. Hammer. "Variation in Crop Radiation‐Use Efficiency with Increased Diffuse Radiation". Crop Science 32, n. 5 (settembre 1992): 1281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200050043x.

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Goyne, PJ, SP Milroy, JM Lilley e JM Hare. "Radiation interception, radiation use efficiency and growth of barley cultivars". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, n. 6 (1993): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931351.

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Dry matter production and utilization of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was studied for barley (Hordeurn vulgare L.) in the field at Hermitage Research Station, Qld. In 1990, four cultivars (Gilbert, Tallon, Grimmett, Skiff) were sown at three times and grown with non-limiting soil moisture. In 1991, soil moisture limitations were imposed on one sowing of the cultivar Grimmett. The radiation extinction coefficient (k) was 0.41�0.02 and did not vary with cultivar, time of sowing or soil moisture availability. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) (based on absorbed PAR and above-ground dry matter) did not change with time of sowing but did vary between cultivars. RUE was highest for Gilbert (2.90�0.10 g MJ-1), while the other three cultivars averaged 2.60�0.04 g MJ-l. RUE of Grimmett was significantly lower in 1991 (1.48�0.07 g MJ-1) than in 1990 (2.60�0.07g MJ-1), but soil moisture differences in 1991 did not significantly affect RUE. Several factors with possible links with RUE were examined and discussed. Of the variables examined those which showed the strongest relationships with RUE were average daily vapour pressure deficit and average daily minimum temperature.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Radiation use efficiency"

Chuong, Nguyen Duc Xuan. "Identification of radiation use efficiency traits in a wheat and spelt population". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662207.

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Wheat is one of the main staple food crops, providing an essential source of carbohydrates for millions of people. Therefore, demand for wheat will increase in next few decades as the global population increases toward a prediction 9 billion by 2050. Further advances in wheat yield requires the integration of new tools and strategies to complement traditional approaches to select genotypes that are better suited to abiotic stress, in the context of climate change. Identifying morphological and physiological characters, correlated with tolerance to environmental stress, is a priority for wheat breeders. One approach that can be combined in wheat breeding programmes is to create new genetic variation, for example by crossing wheat with close relatives such as spelt. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the physiological traits associated with radiation use efficiency (RUE) in a segregating population of 225 recombinant inbred lines, originating from the cross of wheat (cv. Forno) with spelt (cv. Oberkulmer). Three field experiments from 2010 to 2012 were carried out at Sutton Bonington. All lines, and their parents, were grown as ear rows in 2010 and arranged in randomized design with one replicate of mini plots in 2011. In 2012 three replicates were grown in a randomised complete block design. In these experiments, plant development, RUE, biomass, grain yield and associated physiological traits were measured in the recombinant inbred lines. In addition, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in 2013 to investigate gas exchange traits amongst 18 selected lines with a wide range of RUE, alongside the parents.

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Dempster, Steven M. "The physiological basis of genetic variation in radiation-use efficiency and biomass in wheat". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756110.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been the crop with the second-highest global production for most of the past decade, and is the most extensive and productive crop in the UK (FAOSTAT database) 2009}. Wheat grain is the most traded food product in the world} and the major import in developing countries (Dixon et al., 2009). During the 1960's and 1970's the majority of improvement in yield in . wheat came about through selection for raised harvest index (the proportion of above-ground dry matter in grains at harvest; HI). However} since the 1980}s genetic gains in yield potential among winter wheats under optimal growing conditions have been associated with increased above-ground dry matter (AGDM) more closely than biomass partitioning (Clarke et of.) 2012; Shearman et al. 2005). AGDM is determined by radiation interception (f) and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) (Monteith) 1977}. In the UK f can be mainly optimised through agronomy (canopy management)} so raising RUE has been prioritised by breeders (Reynolds et al., 2012; Fischer & Edmeades, 2010).

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Garbulsky, Martín Fabio. "On the remote sensing of the radiation use efficiency and the gross primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3713.

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La captación de carbono por la vegetación es a escala global el flujo más grande de CO2 e influencia en gran medida el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, su variabilidad temporal y espacial sigue siendo poco conocida y difícil de estimar. Las técnicas de teledetección pueden ayudar a calcular mejor la producción primaria bruta (GPP) terrestre, que es la expresión a nivel de ecosistemas del proceso de la fotosíntesis. El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue encontrar una manera de estimar la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la eficiencia en el uso de la radiación (RUE) a escala de ecosistema y por lo tanto mejorar la estimación de la GPP de la vegetación terrestre por medio de datos de teledetección.
Se abordaron cuatro objetivos específicos. El primero fue analizar y sintetizar la literatura científica sobre la relación entre el Índice de Reflectancia Fotoquímica (PRI), un índice espectral vinculado a la eficiencia fotosintética, y diversas variables ecofisiológicas a través de un amplio rango de tipos funcionales de plantas y ecosistemas. El segundo objetivo fue analizar y sintetizar los datos de la variabilidad espacial de la GPP y la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la RUE y sus controles climáticos para un amplio rango de tipos de vegetación, desde la tundra a la selva tropical. El tercer objetivo fue comprobar si diferentes índices espectrales, es decir, el PRI, el NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) y EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), derivados del Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) son buenos estimadores de la captación de carbono a diferentes escalas temporales en un bosque mediterráneo. El cuarto objetivo fue evaluar el uso de MODIS PRI como estimador de la RUE en un amplio rango de tipos de vegetación mediante el uso de datos sobre la captación de carbono de la vegetación derivados de las torres de covarianza turbulenta.
Las principales conclusiones de esta tesis son que hay una coherencia emergente de la relación RUE-PRI que sugiere un sorprendente grado de convergencia funcional de los componentes bioquímicos, fisiológicos y estructurales que afectan la eficiencia de captación de carbono a escala de hoja, de cobertura y de ecosistemas. Al complementar las estimaciones de la fracción de radiación fotosintéticamente activa interceptada por la vegetación (FPAR), el PRI permite mejorar la evaluación de los flujos de carbono a diferentes escalas, a través de la estimación de la RUE. Una segunda conclusión apoya la idea de que el funcionamiento anual de la vegetación es más limitado por la disponibilidad de agua que por la temperatura. La variabilidad espacial de la RUE anual y máxima puede explicarse en gran medida por la precipitación anual, más que por el tipo de vegetación. Una tercera conclusión es que, si bien EVI puede estimar el incremento diametral anual de los troncos, y el PRI puede estimar la fotosíntesis neta diaria nivel de hoja y la eficiencia en el uso de radiación, el papel del NDVI es más limitado como un estimador de cualquier parte del ciclo del carbono en bosques mediterráneos. Por lo tanto, el EVI y el PRI son excelentes herramientas para el seguimiento del ciclo del carbono en los bosques mediterráneos. Por último, el PRI derivado de información satelital disponible libremente, presenta una relación positiva significativa con la RUE para un amplio rango de diferentes tipos de bosques, incluso en años determinados, en bosques caducifolios. En general, esta tesis proporciona un mejor entendimiento de los controles espacial y temporal de la RUE y abre la posibilidad de estimar RUE en tiempo real y, por tanto, la captación de carbono de los bosques a nivel de ecosistemas a partir del PRI.
Carbon uptake by vegetation is the largest global CO2 flux and greatly influences the ecosystem functions. However, its temporal and spatial variability is still not well known and difficult to estimate. Remote sensing techniques can help to better estimate the terrestrial gross primary production (GPP), that is the ecosystem level expression of the photosynthesis process or the rate at which the ecosystem's producers capture CO2. The main objective of this thesis was to find a way to estimate the spatial and temporal variability of the Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) at the ecosystem scale and therefore to arrive to more accurate ways to estimate GPP of terrestrial vegetation by means of remotely sensed data. Four specific objectives were addressed in this thesis. The first objective was to examine and synthesize the scientific literature on the relationships between the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), a narrow-band spectral index linked to photosynthetic efficiency, and several ecophysiological variables across a wide range of plant functional types and ecosystems. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize data for the spatial variability of GPP and the spatial and temporal variability of the RUE and its climatic controls for a wide range of vegetation types, from tundra to rain forest. The third objective was to test whether different spectral indices, i.e. PRI, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), derived from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) can be indicators of carbon uptake at different temporal scales by analyzing the relationships between detailed ecophysiological variables at the stand level in a Mediterranean forest. The fourth objective was to assess the use of MODIS PRI as surrogate of RUE in a wide range of vegetation types by using data on carbon uptake of the vegetation derived from eddy covariance towers.
The main conclusions of this thesis are that there is an emerging consistency of the RUE-PRI relationship that suggests a surprising degree of functional convergence of biochemical, physiological and structural components affecting leaf, canopy and ecosystem carbon uptake efficiencies. By complementing the estimations of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the vegetation (fPAR) PRI enables improved assessment of carbon fluxes at different scales, through the estimation of RUE. A second conclusion supports the idea that the annual functioning of vegetation is more constrained by water availability than by temperature. The spatial variability of annual and maximum RUE can be largely explained by annual precipitation, more than by vegetation type. A third conclusion is that while EVI can estimate annual diametric wood increment, and PRI can estimate daily leaf level net photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency, the role NDVI is more limited as a surrogate of any part of the carbon cycle in this type of forest. Therefore, EVI and PRI are excellent tools for vegetation monitoring of carbon cycle in the Mediterranean forests, the first ones we tested in this thesis. Finally, the PRI derived from freely available satellite information was also found to present significant positive relationship with the RUE for a very wide range of different forest types, even in determined years, the deciduous forests. Overall, this thesis provides a better understanding of the spatial and temporal controls of the RUE and opens the possibility to estimate RUE in real time and, therefore, actual carbon uptake of forests at the ecosystem level using the PRI.
Keywords carbon cycle, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Enhanced Vegetation Index, Photochemical Reflectance Index, primary productivity, photosynthesis, remote sensing, climatic controls, eddy covariance, radiation use efficiency, terrestrial vegetation.

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Narayanan, Sruthi. "Canopy architecture and water productivity in sorghum". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8760.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
Robert M. Aiken
Increasing crop water use efficiency (WUE), the amount of biomass produced per unit water consumed, can enhance crop productivity and yield potential. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the factors affecting water productivity among eight sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes, which differ in canopy architecture. Sorghum genotypes, grown under field conditions, showed significant differences in (a) biomass production, (b) water use, (c) intercepted radiation, (d) water productivity and (e) radiation use efficiency (RUE; the amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted radiation which is suitable for photosynthesis). WUE and RUE were more strongly correlated to biomass production than to water use or intercepted radiation, respectively. RUE was positively correlated to WUE and tended to increase with internode length, the parameter used to characterize canopy architecture. These results demonstrate that increased utilization of radiation can increase water productivity in plants. Sorghum canopies that increase light transmission to mid−canopy leaves can increase RUE and also have the potential to increase crop productivity and WUE. The objective of the second study was to develop a quantitative model to predict leaf area index (LAI), a common quantification of canopy architecture, for sorghum from emergence to flag leaf stage. LAI was calculated from an algorithm developed to consider area of mature leaves (leaves with a ligule/collar), area of expanding leaves (leaves without a ligule/collar), total leaf area per plant and plant population. Slope of regression of modeled LAI on observed LAI varied for photoperiod sensitive (PPS) and insensitive (non−PPS) genotypes in 2010. A good correlation was found between the modeled and observed LAI with coefficient of determination (R[superscript]2) 0.96 in 2009 and 0.94 (non−PPS) and 0.88 (PPS) in 2010. These studies suggest that canopy architecture has prominent influence on water productivity of crops and quantification of canopy architecture through an LAI simulation model has potential in understanding RUE, WUE and crop productivity.

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Barker, Sheila. "Growth, yield and radiation use efficiency in intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field beans (Vicia faba L.)". Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558729.

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Spring-sown intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field beans (Vicia faba L.) were grown on a sandy loam soil at University of Reading, UK. Wheat cultivar Axona, and bean cultivars, Scirocco and Maris Bead were grown as sole crops and additive intercrops at 50%, 75% and 100% recommended density (RD). In experiment 1 (1999), sown in March, LER for seed yield ranged from 1.12 to 1.18 at 75% RD with partial LER of 0.55 for beans and 0.63 for wheat. LER in experiments 2 and 3 ranged from 1.02 to 1.18 (2000) and from 0.84 to 1.22 (2001). Experiments 2 and 3 were May sown and beans performed less well in the intercrops with a partial LER of 0.28 compared to 0.90 for wheat (2000) and 0.32 compared to 0.89 (2001). Weeds were controlled with a pre- emergence application of pendimethalin (1999), rapid emergence prevented application (2000) and gave limited control (2001). Weeds were more predominant in sole beans. Supplementary irrigation in 2001 improved the growth of beans and the range of LER was 0.97 to 1.37. Seed yields of all treatments were higher in 1999 (553 and 315 gm-2 for sole wheat and beans) than in 2000 and 2001 (means of 264 and 113 gm-2 for sole wheat and beans). Maris Bead was more vigorous as a sole crop but similar to Scirocco in intercrops. 'Within each experiment, differences in bean yield were due to the number of pods m-2 with no difference in seed weight per pod but this was lower in experiments 2 and 3. The number of ears m-2 determined wheat yield differences in each experiment but grain weight per ear was lower in experiments 2 and 3. There were no consistent differences in radiation use efficiency between the sole crops or intercrops. IV.

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Noronha, Sannervik Angela. "Modelling productivity of willow stands in Sweden : evaluation of concepts for radiation use efficiency and soil water and nitrogen availability /". Uppsala : Dept. of Short Rotation Forestry, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s286-ab.html.

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Karlberg, Louise. "Irrigation with saline water using low-cost drip-irrigation systems in sub-Saharan Africa". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209.

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Assunção, Idelina Cabral de Assis [UNESP]. "Avaliação da eficiência do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) na utilização da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa para produção de matéria seca". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90595.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 assuncao_ica_me_botfca.pdf: 943075 bytes, checksum: ce539ad58264cbbab2e1e863aae2d636 (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Um ensaio, com amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), cv. IAC-TATUST, foi conduzido, na área experimental do Setor de Ciências Ambientais (21,85° S; 48,43° W; 786 m), FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu, SP, em parcela única sob tratamento úmido durante o período de 11/02/2001 a 06/06/2001. Durante todas as fases de crescimento das plantas foram monitoradas as radiações fotossinteticamente ativa incidente, refletida e transmitida, bem como a produção semanal da biomassa acumulada e sua energia química, incluindo raízes, hastes, folhas, flores, frutos e sementes, com o objetivo de determinar a eficiência de uso da radiação (EUR) e a eficiência de conversão da radiação interceptada (ECR) pelas plantas cultivadas. Os resultados mostraram que a EUR média foi de 1,33 g MJ-1 e a ECR foi de 2,5%, cujos valores estão coerentes com aqueles encontrados em literatura. Nas condições de Botucatu, a cultura do amendoim interceptou, aproximadamente 600 MJ m-2 de radiação PAR, de modo que no final do seu ciclo a energia da biomassa atingiu a magnitude de 18 MJ m-2. Em termos médios, o coeficiente de extinção da luz (k) foi de 0,68, o índice de colheita, em base de energia, foi de 0,38 e a produtividade obtida, do amendoim em casca, foi equivalente a 4,5 t ha-£.
A trial, with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cv. IAC-TATU-ST, was carried out, in experimental area of Setor de Ciências Ambientais (21,85° S; 48,43° W; 786 m), FCA/UNESP, in Botucatu, SP, in single section with humid treatment during the period from 11/02/2001 to 06/06/2001. For all growth phases of peanut crop, the incident, reflected and transmitted photosynthetically active radiations were monitored, as well as the weekly production of the accumulated biomass, chemical energy, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, with purpose of determining the radiation use efficiency and the radiation conversion efficiency of intercepted PAR for the cultivated plants. The results showed that EUR was about 1,33 g MJ-1 and ECR was about 2,5%. The values are coherent with those found in literature. In Botucatu conditions, the peanut crop intercepted, more or less 600 MJ m-2 of PAR, so that in the end of cycle, the biomass energy reached to 18 MJ m-2. In standard terms, the light extinction coefficient (k) was about 0.68, the harvest index, in energy basis, was about 0.38 and peanut yield, in peel, was equivalent to 4.5 t ha-£.

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Monje, Oscar A. "Effects of Elevated CO2 on Crop Growth Rates, Radiation Absorption, Canopy Quantum Yield, Canopy Carbon Use Efficiency, and Root Respiration of Wheat". DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6763.

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Wheat canopies were grown at either 330 or 1200 μmol mol-1 CO2 in sealed controlled environments, where carbon fluxes and radiation interception were continuously and nondestructively measured during their life cycles. The effects of elevated CO2 on daily growth rates, canopy quantum yield, canopy and root carbon use efficiencies, and final dry mass were calculated from carbon flux measurements in an open gas exchange system. Dry biomass at harvest was predicted from the gas exchange data to within ± 8%. The greatest effect of elevated CO2 occurred in the first 15d after emergence; however, several physiological processes were enhanced throughout the life cycle. Elevated CO2 increased average net photosynthesis by 30%, average shoot respiration by 10%, and average root respiration by 40%. Crop growth rate, calculated from gas exchange data, was 30% higher during both vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Elevated CO 2 did not affect radiation interception, but increased average canopy quantum yield from 0.039 to 0.051 (31%). Average canopy carbon use efficiency was increased by 12%. Although harvest index was unaffected, these increases in the physiological determinants of yield by elevated CO2 resulted in a 14% increase in seed yield.

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Assunção, Idelina Cabral de Assis 1961. "Avaliação da eficiência do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) na utilização da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa para produção de matéria seca /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90595.

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Orientador: Dinival Martins
Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz
Banca: Emerson Galvani
Resumo: Um ensaio, com amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), cv. IAC-TATUST, foi conduzido, na área experimental do Setor de Ciências Ambientais (21,85° S; 48,43° W; 786 m), FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu, SP, em parcela única sob "tratamento úmido" durante o período de 11/02/2001 a 06/06/2001. Durante todas as fases de crescimento das plantas foram monitoradas as radiações fotossinteticamente ativa incidente, refletida e transmitida, bem como a produção semanal da biomassa acumulada e sua energia química, incluindo raízes, hastes, folhas, flores, frutos e sementes, com o objetivo de determinar a eficiência de uso da radiação (EUR) e a eficiência de conversão da radiação interceptada (ECR) pelas plantas cultivadas. Os resultados mostraram que a EUR média foi de 1,33 g MJ-1 e a ECR foi de 2,5%, cujos valores estão coerentes com aqueles encontrados em literatura. Nas condições de Botucatu, a cultura do amendoim interceptou, aproximadamente 600 MJ m-2 de radiação PAR, de modo que no final do seu ciclo a energia da biomassa atingiu a magnitude de 18 MJ m-2. Em termos médios, o coeficiente de extinção da luz (k) foi de 0,68, o índice de colheita, em base de energia, foi de 0,38 e a produtividade obtida, do amendoim em casca, foi equivalente a 4,5 t ha-£.
Abstract: A trial, with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cv. IAC-TATU-ST, was carried out, in experimental area of Setor de Ciências Ambientais (21,85° S; 48,43° W; 786 m), FCA/UNESP, in Botucatu, SP, in single section with "humid treatment" during the period from 11/02/2001 to 06/06/2001. For all growth phases of peanut crop, the incident, reflected and transmitted photosynthetically active radiations were monitored, as well as the weekly production of the accumulated biomass, chemical energy, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, with purpose of determining the radiation use efficiency and the radiation conversion efficiency of intercepted PAR for the cultivated plants. The results showed that EUR was about 1,33 g MJ-1 and ECR was about 2,5%. The values are coherent with those found in literature. In Botucatu conditions, the peanut crop intercepted, more or less 600 MJ m-2 of PAR, so that in the end of cycle, the biomass energy reached to 18 MJ m-2. In standard terms, the light extinction coefficient (k) was about 0.68, the harvest index, in energy basis, was about 0.38 and peanut yield, in peel, was equivalent to 4.5 t ha-£.
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Libri sul tema "Radiation use efficiency"

Horan, Stephen John. Test report: Low cost access and efficient use of TDRSS. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Dhingra, K. K. Efficient use of solar energy for crop production: Final technical report of the PL-480 project. Ludhiana, Punjab, India: Dept. of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, 1987.

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Cerqueira, Manuel D. Gated SPECT MPI. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0006.

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Protocols for SPECT MPI have evolved over the last 40-years based on the following factors: available radiotracers and gamma camera imaging systems, alternative methods of stress, the needs and demands of patients and referring physicians, the need for radiation dose reduction and optimization of laboratory efficiency. Initially studies were performed using dynamic exercise planar multi-day Thallium-201 (Tl-201) studies. Pharmacologic stress agents were not available and novel methods of stress included swallowed esophageal pacing leads, cold presser limb emersion, direct atrial pacing, crushed dipyridamole tablets and even the use of intravenous ergonovine maleate. Eventually intravenous dobutamine, dipyridamole, adenosine and regadenoson became available to allow reliable and safe pharmacologic stress for patients unable to exercise. Tomographic SPECT camera systems replaced planar units and Tc-99m agents offered better imaging characteristics over Tl-201. These gamma camera systems, radiopharmaceutical agents and pharmacologic stress agents were all available by the mid-1990s and still represent the majority of MPI being performed today.

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Gofeld, Michael. Lumbar Transforaminal and Nerve Root Injections: Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0017.

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Ultrasound (US) guidance has gained recognition in the field of regional anesthesia mainly because of its definite advantage of visually localizing the desired target and also due to perceived benefits of safety, accuracy, and efficiency when peripheral nerve blocks are performed. On the contrary, ultrasonography of the spinal structures may be challenging because of depth, bony acoustic shadowing, and complex three-dimensional anatomy. Nevertheless, US allows satisfactory imaging of the posterior elements of spine column and paraspinal soft tissues. This makes US applicable and practical in the outpatient clinical setting, and thus ultrasonography has been increasingly penetrating into chronic spinal pain management. Perhaps the major advantage of ultrasound-guided spine interventions is the lack of radiation exposure. Lumbar transforaminal injections are frequently performed for managing acute and chronic radicular pain, and US guidance may reduce overall radioactive contamination.

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Narouze, Samer N., a cura di. Multimodality Imaging Guidance in Interventional Pain Management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.001.0001.

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Multimodality Imaging Guidance for Interventional Pain Management is a comprehensive resource covering fluoroscopy-guided procedures, ultrasound interventions, and computed tomography (CT)-guided procedures used in interventional pain management. Fluoroscopy-guided procedures have been the standard of care for many years and are widely available and affordable. Due to the lack of radiation exposure and the ability to see various soft tissue structures, ultrasound-guided interventions are more precise and safer. The benefits, disadvantages, and basic techniques of CT-guided procedures, primarily performed by radiologists, are also included in the volume. By covering all imaging modalities, Multimodality Imaging Guidance for Interventional Pain Management allows for an efficient comparison of the capabilities of each modality.

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Rampinelli, Giuliano Arns, e Solange Machado. Manual de sistemas fotovoltaicos de geração distribuída: Teoria e prática. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-330-5.

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This book started from a desire to contribute scientifically with the knowledge about photovoltaic solar energy – an art promoted and developed by members of School of Sun and the NTEEL Solar. It has been possible through the research groups from School of Sun Project and the Electric Energy Technological Nucleus – Solar (NTEEL Solar). The School of Sun is a project from Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) which promotes scientific knowledge by the promotion of the information. The NTEEL Solar is a group which develops projects and scientific research in Photovoltaic Solar Energy and its applications. This work presents topics about the Brazilian electrical sector and its commercialization of energy, concepts about the reasoning and measurement of the solar radiation, characteristics and technologies of photovoltaic cells and modules; characteristics and technologies of inverters; monitoring and analysis of the photovoltaic systems; consumptions and generation profiles, rules and law, operation and maintenance of systems, softwares to dimension and simulate systems, and energy efficiency at buildings. It is a pleasure to share these research results from projects and scientific researches with you, dear reader. We would like to thank all the people that have been helping us with research so far, especially with this book. We are also thankful for the organizations which have been supporting us: the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), the School of Sun (UFSC), the Electric Energy Technological Nucleus – NTEEL Solar, Graduate Program in Energy and Sustainability (PPGES), the Undergraduate Program in Energy Engineering, the Coordination of Personnel Improvement of Graduate and Undergraduate Studies (CAPES), The National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation of Support to Scientific Research and Innovation from Santa Catarina State (FAPESC). This book contributes scientifically to the promotion of renewable technology, reliable, competitive; towards sustainable development. We hope that you appreciate it and have a great reading.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Radiation use efficiency"

Sadras, Victor O., Francisco J. Villalobos e Elias Fereres. "Radiation Interception, Radiation Use Efficiency and Crop Productivity". In Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46116-8_13.

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Punia, Himani, Jayanti Tokas, Anurag Malik, Satpal, Anju Rani, Pernika Gupta, Anita Kumari, Virender S. Mor, Axay Bhuker e Sandeep Kumar. "Solar Radiation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Sustainable Agriculture". In Resources Use Efficiency in Agriculture, 177–212. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6953-1_6.

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Murchie, Erik H., Alexandra Townsend e Matthew Reynolds. "Crop Radiation Capture and Use Efficiency". In Crop Science, 73–106. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8621-7_171.

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Murchie, Erik, e Matthew Reynolds. "Crop Radiation Capture and Use Efficiency". In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 2615–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_171.

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Murchie, Erik H., Alexandra Townsend e Matthew Reynolds. "Crop Radiation Capture and Use Efficiency". In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_171-3.

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Murchie, Erik, e Matthew Reynolds. "Crop Radiation Capture and Use Efficiency". In Sustainable Food Production, 591–614. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_171.

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Guiducci, Marcello, e Paolo Benincasa. "Turgor-Related Leaf Movements and Radiation Use Efficiency in Sunflower". In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, 3577–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_842.

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Stöckle, Claudio O., Armen R. Kemanian e Cristián Kremer. "On the Use of Radiation- and Water-Use Efficiency for Biomass Production Models". In Response of Crops to Limited Water, 39–58. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/advagricsystmodel1.c2.

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Sinclair, T. R. "Canopy Carbon Assimilation and Crop Radiation-Use Efficiency Dependence on Leaf Nitrogen Content". In Modeling Crop Photosynthesis-from Biochemistry to Canopy, 95–107. Madison, WI, USA: Crop Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cssaspecpub19.c6.

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Landsberg, J. J., S. D. Prince, P. G. Jarvis, R. E. McMurtrie, R. Luxmoore e B. E. Medlyn. "Energy Conversion and Use in Forests: An Analysis of Forest Production in Terms of Radiation Utilisation Efficiency (ɛ)". In The Use of Remote Sensing in the Modeling of Forest Productivity, 273–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5446-8_11.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Radiation use efficiency"

Wang, Jian, Shiping Zhu e Yi Su. "Use end reflections to improve the radiation efficiency of bow-tie antenna". In 2013 7th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwagpr.2013.6601543.

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Hasman, Erez, Vladimir Kleiner, Nir Dahan e Igal Balin. "Manipulation of a Thermal Emission by Use of Micro- and Nanoscale Structures". In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23379.

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In high temperature and vacuum applications, when heat transfer is predominantly by radiation, the material’s surface texture is of substantial importance. Several micro and nanostructures designs have been proposed to enhance a material’s emissivity and its radiative coherence, as control of thermal emission is of crucial concern in the design of infrared sources, in electronic chip coolants, in high-efficiency photovoltaic cells, and in solar energy conversion.

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Asif, Muhammad, Amjed Ali, Muhammad Maqsood e Shahbaz Ahmad. "Growth, radiation use efficiency and yield parameters of wheat affected by different levels of irrigation and nitrogen". In 2010 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbt.2010.5478922.

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Nouvellon, Yann, Danny L. Seen, S. Rambal, Agnes Begue, M. Susan Moran, Yann H. Kerr e Jiaguo Qi. "Time variation of radiation use efficiency of a semiarid grassland: consequences for remotely sensed estimation of primary production". In Remote Sensing, a cura di Edwin T. Engman. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.332751.

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Kovalev, Oleg P., e Alexandr V. Volkov. "Potential and Use of Solar Energy in Primorye Region (Russia)". In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65058.

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During long-term time, the laboratory of non-traditional energetic is been busy with development and introduction of solar water heating systems for hot water supply. The systems with solar collectors of 40 m2 area have been developed and introducted. For estimation of their efficiency we should know flux density of solar radiation, proceeding to surface at the given place. However in Primorye Region at actinometrical watching only four meteostations in the Southern part are carrying out straight measurements of solar radiation flux, and the others record data which concern only solar radiation regime (the amount of solar radiation hours, relation of watching duration of solar radiation to possible duration, the amount of days without sun, etc.). We suggested the expression, which according to know data of solar radiation and cloudiness, recorded practically on all meteorological stations gives possibility to calculate for Primorye Region month sums of total radiation proceeding to horizontal surface. The comparison of estimated values with measured ones gives the error to 3...9% with regard to average many years values, and are in the range of variability of measured values for separate years. In Primorye Region more than 250 m2 of solar collectors were installed; and among them 150 m2 were developed with the laboratory, to position on 2003.11.01. NOTE: This paper was presented at the 2004 International Solar Energy Conference and was inadvertently omitted from the 2004 ASME proceedings. The page range refers to the 2005 International Solar Energy Conference Print Proceedings, where it was subsequently published.

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Ozawa, Takashi, Michael F. Modest e Deborah A. Levin. "Spectral Module for Photon Monte Carlo Calculations in Hypersonic Nonequilibrium Radiation". In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88599.

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In this paper, efficient spectral modules and random number databases are developed for atomic and diatomic species for use in photon Monte Carlo (PMC) modeling of hypersonic nonequilibrium flow radiation. To model nonequilibrium flow conditions, the quasi steady state (QSS) assumption was used to generate electronic state populations of atomic and diatomic gas species in the databases. For atomic species (N and O), both bound-bound transitions and continuum radiation were included, and were separately databased as a function of electron temperature and number density as well as the ratio of atomic ion to neutral number density. For the radiating diatomic species of N2+, N2, O2, and NO, databases were generated for each electronic molecular electronic system. In each molecular electronic system, the ro-vibrational transition lines were separately databased for each electronic upper state population forming the electronic system. The spectral module for the PMC method was optimized toward computational efficiency for emission calculations, wavelength selections of photon bundles and absorption coefficient calculations in the ray tracing scheme.

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Higashiguchi, Takeshi, Naoto Dojyo, Masaya Hamada, Keita Kawasaki, Wataru Sasaki e Shoichi Kubodera. "Enhancement of conversion efficiency of extreme ultraviolet radiation from a liquid aqueous solution microjet target by use of dual laser pulses". In SPIE 31st International Symposium on Advanced Lithography, a cura di Michael J. Lercel. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.659162.

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Yue, Lindsey, Brantley Mills e Clifford K. Ho. "Effect of Quartz Aperture Covers on the Fluid Dynamics and Thermal Efficiency of Falling Particle Receivers". In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3910.

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Abstract Falling particle receivers are an emerging technology for use in concentrating solar power systems. In this work, quartz tubes cut in half to form tube shells (referred to as quartz half-shells) are investigated for use as a full or partial aperture cover to reduce radiative and advective losses from the receiver. A receiver subdomain and surrounding air volume are modeled using ANSYS® Fluent®. The model is used to simulate fluid dynamics and heat transfer for the following cases: (1) open aperture, (2) aperture fully covered by quartz half-shells, and (3) aperture partially covered by quartz half-shells. We compare the percentage of total incident solar power lost due to conduction through the receiver walls, advective losses through the aperture, and radiation exiting out of the aperture. Contrary to expected outcomes, simulation results using the simplified receiver subdomain show that quartz aperture covers can increase radiative losses and, in the partially covered case, also increase advective losses. These increased heat losses are driven by elevated quartz half-shell temperatures and have the potential to be mitigated by active cooling and/or material selection.

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Maslensky, V. V., e Y. I. Bulygin. "EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR PROTECTION OF THE MOBILE AGRICULTURAL MACHINE CAB". In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.28-31.

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The article checks the effectiveness of translucent enclosing structures of the tractor cab in reducing solar radiation. For this purpose, the value of the total heat flow entering the interior during the entire working day was determined, which was later compared with the hygienic standards. The result demonstrated an average low efficiency of the tractor cab sun protection. In this regard, the use of more effective shading elements and the use of glass with increased light and heat protection properties in light openings is proposed.

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Viallet, Marianne, Ge´rald Poume´rol, Olivier Dessombz e Louis Jezequel. "Acoustical Radiation Calculation of Complex Structures Using Finite Element Methods". In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34635.

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Predicting noise is a step that cannot be ignored in automotive industry during vehicle design cycle. This is classically achieved through Finite Element and Boundary Element methods. When dealing with exterior problems, Boundary Element Method is quite efficient but may induce ill-conditioned equations. On the other hand, Finite Element Method, if easier to handle is not basically adapted to unbounded media. In this paper a new method, which tries to combine advantages of both techniques is presented. This method, inspired from Substructure Deletion Method, which is well-known in Civil Engineering, consists in dividing a complex unbounded problem into two easier ones to solve finite and infinite problems. Instead of considering a geometrically complex structure straightforward, a prismatic bounding volume is first studied using BEM. Then a classical Finite Element computation is performed on the volume left between the box and the structure of interest. Advantage of this technique is that when testing and comparing several geometries contained in such a box, only one boundary element calculation is needed. Efficiency of this method is discussed in the present document. Here instead of using Boundary Element Methods to solve the exterior problem, an original use of Finite Elements is made. Efficiency of this new version of the Substructure Deletion Method is discussed.

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