Articoli di riviste: "Rabbinical Assembly of America"

1

Golinkin, David. "Israel at Sixty: Remarks at the 2008 Rabbinical Assembly Convention". Conservative Judaism 61, n. 3 (2010): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/coj.2010.0025.

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2

Eisen, Arnold. "Israel at Sixty: Remarks at the 2008 Rabbinical Assembly Convention". Conservative Judaism 61, n. 3 (2010): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/coj.2010.0029.

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Karčić, Harun. "O religijskom pravu u sekularnim državama / On religious law in secular states". Context: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, n. 1 (17 marzo 2022): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55425/23036966.2017.4.1.133.

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Michael J. Broyde, Shari’a Tribunals, Rabbinical Courts, and Chris-tian Panels: Religious Arbitration in America and the West, Oxford University Press, 2017. Str. 312, ISBN 978 0 19064 028 6. The Problem of Religious Diversity: European Challenges, Asian Approaches, By Anna Triandafyllidou & Tariq Modood (eds.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. Str. 352, ISBN 978 1 47441 909 3.

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Cohen, Jack J. "A Century of Commitment: One Hundred Years of the Rabbinical Assembly (review)". American Jewish History 88, n. 1 (2000): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2000.0006.

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MUKHAMETZARIPOV, ILSHAT A. "RELIGIOUS COURTS IN THE USA AND CANADA: TYPES, MAIN FUNCTIONS AND INTERACTION WITH THE SECULAR STATE". Study of Religion, n. 3 (2020): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2020.3.88-96.

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The article reveals the current situation around religious courts, arbitrations and mediation institutions in the states of North America, analyzes their structure, main functions and activities. Catholic and Orthodox church courts, courts and mediation institutions in Protestant churches and denominations, rabbinical and Sharia courts, conflict resolution bodies of Buddhists, Hindus, Mormons, Scientologists are active in the United States. Generally, US authorities do not interfere in their activities if there are no violations of the rights and freedoms of citizens, but sometimes at the state level (Arizona, Wyoming, Indiana, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas) the use of religious norms in arbitration courts is prohibited. A similar situation has occurred in Canada, where official religious courts operate legally, but in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec the activity of religious courts in the field of family relations was limited (in many respects due to fears of the formation of a parallel “Sharia justice”) The opinions of North American researchers on this issue are divided: some consider the activities of religious courts as a violation of the principle of secularism and think it necessary to ban their activities, others regard them as the realization of religious freedoms and advocate their preservation in the legislative framework...

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Sigloch, Karin, e Mitchell G. Mihalynuk. "Intra-oceanic subduction shaped the assembly of Cordilleran North America". Nature 496, n. 7443 (aprile 2013): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12019.

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Karlstrom, Karl E., e Samuel A. Bowring. "Early Proterozoic Assembly of Tectonostratigraphic Terranes in Southwestern North America". Journal of Geology 96, n. 5 (settembre 1988): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629252.

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8

Gamson, Joshua. "The assembly line of greatness: Celebrity in twentieth‐century America". Critical Studies in Mass Communication 9, n. 1 (marzo 1992): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295039209366812.

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9

Sklarin, Y. ""Rushing in Where Angels Fear to Tread": Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik, The Rabbinical Council of America, Modern Orthodox Jewry and the Second Vatican Council". Modern Judaism 29, n. 3 (22 settembre 2009): 351–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjp015.

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Mukhametzaripov, Ilshat Amirovich, e Ilmira Rashatovna Gafiyatullina. "Demand for Religious Institutions for Disputes Resolution with Muslims and Christians of Tatarstan". Islamovedenie 13, n. 2 (30 giugno 2022): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2022-13-2-51-66.

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Dispute resolution practices adopted by religious associations remain relevant under the conditions of contemporary society and a secular state. There are Christian church courts, mediation and arbitration institutions, rabbinical tribunals, Sharia councils, disciplinary and conciliatory bodies of other religious communities in Europe and North America. Ecclesiastical and Jewish courts, qadis and Sharia departments in Muftiates function in the Russian Federation. Applying the questionnaire method, the authors analyzed the demand for religious institutions engaged in disputes resolution with Muslims and Christians (predominantly Orthodox ones) in Tatarstan taking into account the peculiarities of the normative systems of Islam and Christianity, and the structure of Muslim and Orthodox associations. The survey revealed the following: 1) more often than Christians Muslims turn to religious institutions for settling disputes; 2) more often than Christians Muslims resort to aforementioned institutions to consider marriage, family, inheritance and business cases; 3) experts in Sharia and authoritative believers play an important role in resolving conflicts in Muslim society along with the clergy. That is not typical for Christians, who mostly limit themselves to appealing to clergymen. The demand for the dispute resolution institutions among Muslims is much higher than among Christians. Responses of Christians are in many respects close to the answers of non-religious respondents. This suggests that in the future, Muslim associations, imams and Sharia ex-perts will retain a greater regulatory potential than Christian associations.

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Robert Macey, J., James A. Schulte, Jared L. Strasburg, Jennifer A. Brisson, Allan Larson, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Yuezhao Wang, James F. Parham e Theodore J. Papenfuss. "Assembly of the eastern North American herpetofauna: new evidence from lizards and frogs". Biology Letters 2, n. 3 (2 maggio 2006): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0473.

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Darwin first recognized the importance of episodic intercontinental dispersal in the establishment of worldwide biotic diversity. Faunal exchange across the Bering Land Bridge is a major example of such dispersal. Here, we demonstrate with mitochondrial DNA evidence that three independent dispersal events from Asia to North America are the source for almost all lizard taxa found in continental eastern North America. Two other dispersal events across Beringia account for observed diversity among North American ranid frogs, one of the most species-rich groups of frogs in eastern North America. The contribution of faunal elements from Asia via dispersal across Beringia is a dominant theme in the historical assembly of the eastern North American herpetofauna.

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Bohn, Jonas, Reza Halabian, Lukas Schrader, Victoria Shabardina, Raphael Steffen, Yutaka Suzuki, Ulrich R. Ernst, Jürgen Gadau e Wojciech Makałowski. "Genome assembly and annotation of the California harvester antPogonomyrmex californicus". G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, n. 1 (4 dicembre 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaa019.

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AbstractThe harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex is endemic to arid and semiarid habitats and deserts of North and South America. The California harvester ant Pogonomyrmex californicus is the most widely distributed Pogonomyrmex species in North America. Pogonomyrmex californicus colonies are usually monogynous, i.e. a colony has one queen. However, in a few populations in California, primary polygyny evolved, i.e. several queens cooperate in colony founding after their mating flights and continue to coexist in mature colonies. Here, we present a genome assembly and annotation of P. californicus. The size of the assembly is 241 Mb, which is in agreement with the previously estimated genome size. We were able to annotate 17,889 genes in total, including 15,688 protein-coding ones with BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) completeness at a 95% level. The presented P. californicus genome assembly will pave the way for investigations of the genomic underpinnings of social polymorphism in the number of queens, regulation of aggression, and the evolution of adaptations to dry habitats.

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Nestel, Sheryl. "Israel and Palestine out of the Ashes". American Journal of Islam and Society 21, n. 2 (1 aprile 2004): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i2.1793.

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During the more than 37-year brutal Israeli occupation of the West Bankand Gaza, the numbers of North American Jews voicing their oppositionin public have been dispiritingly small. Since the outbreak of the secondIntifada in September 2000, however, Jewish anti-occupation activistshave become a visible political presence in Jewish politics in the UnitedStates and Canada. Such groups as Brit Zedek V’Shalom, the TikkunCommunity, and Junity (Jewish Unity for a Just Peace) have spawneddozens of regional chapters across North America. Local groups such asNot In My Name (Chicago), Jewish Voices against the Occupation(Seattle), and Jews for Global Justice (Portland, Oregon) have sprung upspontaneously in almost every major North American city. Numerous adhoc responses have emerged as well. For example, an “Open Letter fromAmerican Jews,” proclaiming opposition to Israeli government policies inthe Occupied Territories and bearing 4,000 signatures, has appeared as afull-page advertisement in The New York Times as well as in a dozen moreAmerican and British newspapers.While very few of these groups would identify themselves as religiouslyobservant, almost all have invoked a Jewish ethical tradition ofsocial justice, derived from Jewish texts and rabbinical tradition, to maketheir political point. In his most recent book, Israel and Palestine out of theAshes, Jewish theologian Marc Ellis posits a more deeply consequentialconnection between Jewish history, Jewish ethics, and the occupation.According to Ellis, Director of the Center for American and Jewish Studiesat Baylor University (Waco, Texas), Israel’s displacement and dispossessionof the Palestinian people constitutes such a fundamental transgressionof Jewish ethics and morality that it threatens to render Judaism, a religious ...

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Dunnick, N. Reed. "The Radiological Society of North America 85th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting". RadioGraphics 20, n. 1 (gennaio 2000): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.20.1.g00ja27257.

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Masuda, Takanori. "93rd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting or Radiological Society of North America". Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 65, n. 5 (2009): 696–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.65.696.

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16

DOE, NORMAN. "SHARIA TRIBUNALS, RABBINICAL COURTS, AND CHRISTIAN PANELS: RELIGIOUS ARBITRATION IN AMERICA AND THE WEST by Michael J. Broyde, Oxford University Press, New York, 2017, pp. xxvi + 282, hbk". New Blackfriars 100, n. 1089 (29 agosto 2019): 621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12497.

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17

Rosenthal, Cindy. "Circling Up with The Assembly: A Theatre Collective Comes of Age". TDR/The Drama Review 60, n. 3 (settembre 2016): 64–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00571.

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The Assembly is alive and well and living in New York (since 2008), creating group-devised theatre that interrogates The Weather Underground’s activism (HOME/SICK); economic and racial inequalities in the 21st century (That Poor Dream); and aging, art, and self-expression in America (I Will Look Forward To This Later). This young company of directors, designers, dramaturgs, writers, and performers celebrates the legacies of their avantgarde forebears by collectively making visually, aurally, and physically inventive political art that strives to build community.

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Matsur, Vladimir A. "Chinese smartphones in Latin America. Geographical and institutional bases of production". Latinskaia Amerika, n. 9 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0021675-1.

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Latin America has been demonstrating steady growth of the smartphone market over the past two decades due to the “catching up digitalization” of the population. Against the background of this process, bypassing the classical stages of the development of telecommunication systems, financial technologies have flourished in the region, the 5G standard is being actively implemented. The low purchasing power of the population and the national business community contributes to the growing attractiveness of Chinese smartphone brands and production chains with Chinese participation. Thus, Latin America is the most important supplier of traditional metal resources for Chinese manufacturers of smartphones and their components. In recent years, there has been a trend with the placement of smartphone production directly in Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil) in order to compete with brands from Japan, the Republic of Korea, the USA and Europe. Due to serious competition the penetration of Chinese manufacturers into a new market requires a new territorial organization of production. An analysis of the placement of Chinese smartphone assembly factories in Latin America over the past 10 years has shown two geographical production models. The Brazilian model assumes the placement of production facilities in densely populated industrial clusters with an emphasis on the use of skilled labor and the organization of a full production cycle directly by the Chinese brand. The Argentine model focuses on the preferences of free economic zones and only the final assembly of smartphones by local firms without an exclusive contract.

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Pennington, R. Toby, e Christopher W. Dick. "The role of immigrants in the assembly of the South American rainforest tree flora". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, n. 1450 (29 ottobre 2004): 1611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1532.

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The Amazon lowland rainforest flora is conventionally viewed as comprising lineages that evolved in biogeographic isolation after the split of west Gondwana ( ca . 100 Myr ago). Recent molecular phylogenies, however, identify immigrant lineages that arrived in South America during its period of oceanic isolation ( ca . 100–3 Myr ago). Long–distance sweepstakes dispersal across oceans played an important and possibly predominant role. Stepping–stone migration from Africa and North America through hypothesized Late Cretaceous and Tertiary island chains may have facilitated immigration. An analysis of inventory plot data suggests that immigrant lineages comprise ca . 20% of both the species and individuals of an Amazon tree community in Ecuador. This is more than an order of magnitude higher than previous estimates. We also present data on the community–level similarity between South American and palaeotropical rainforests, and suggest that most taxonomic similarity derives from trans–oceanic dispersal, rather than a shared Gondwanan history.

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Paradiso, Rubina, Massimiliano Orsini, Daniela Criscuolo, Rosanna Borrelli, Ornella Valvini, Cesare Cammà, Maria Luisa Chiusano, Giorgio Galiero e Giorgia Borriello. "Complete Genome Sequencing of 10 Brucella abortus Biovar 3 Strains Isolated from Water Buffalo". Genome Announcements 6, n. 16 (19 aprile 2018): e00180-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/genomea.00180-18.

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ABSTRACT Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects both humans and animals. Its distribution is global, concentrated in the Mediterranean area, India, Central Asia, and Latin America. Here, we present a complete genome assembly of 10 Brucella abortus strains isolated from water buffaloes farmed in the Campania region of Italy.

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Dahl, Roger M. "Three Teaching Methods Used During North America’s First Seven–Year Plan". Journal of Baha’i Studies 5, n. 3 (1993): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-5.3.1(1993).

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Not much research has been conducted on teaching methods used by American Bahá’ís to tell people about the Bahá’í Faith. This article explains three different teaching methods used to accomplish the homefront local spiritual assembly goals during the first Seven-Year Plan (1937–1944) in North America. The first two methods, firesides and teaching campaigns, had been evolving during the early 1930s. The third, pioneer settlements, was not used systematically until the Seven-Year Plan. Because many of the spiritual assembly goals were in the South, the difficulties caused by the race question influenced but did not radically change the teaching methods.

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Sowdhamini, Ramanathan. "Draft genome sequence of an invasive plant Lantana camara L." Bioinformation 18, n. 9 (30 settembre 2022): 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018739.

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Lantana camara L. is an invasive species of global concern. An ornamental plant originating from central America, it has now spread across natural and human-dominated habitats across tropical and subtropical regions globally. Understanding the population and evolutionary genetics of this species could help gain deeper insights into invasion biology, and provide tools for more effective management. Such investigation would require a relatively good quality genome assembly. While there have been reports of a transcriptome, it has been challenging to construct the genome assembly because of the large genome size. We present here the first draft genome assembly of Lantana camara L. which has an N50 value of 62 Kb, genome completeness of 99.3% and genome coverage of 74.3%. We hope that such an assembly will help researchers study colonization history, the genetic basis of adaptation and invasiveness, and help design strategies to contain the invasiveness of this plant, allowing biodiversity recovery in several parts of the globe.

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Tóth, Anikó B., S. Kathleen Lyons, W. Andrew Barr, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Jessica L. Blois, René Bobe, Matt Davis et al. "Reorganization of surviving mammal communities after the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinction". Science 365, n. 6459 (19 settembre 2019): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1605.

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Large mammals are at high risk of extinction globally. To understand the consequences of their demise for community assembly, we tracked community structure through the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinction in North America. We decomposed the effects of biotic and abiotic factors by analyzing co-occurrence within the mutual ranges of species pairs. Although shifting climate drove an increase in niche overlap, co-occurrence decreased, signaling shifts in biotic interactions. Furthermore, the effect of abiotic factors on co-occurrence remained constant over time while the effect of biotic factors decreased. Biotic factors apparently played a key role in continental-scale community assembly before the extinctions. Specifically, large mammals likely promoted co-occurrence in the Pleistocene, and their loss contributed to the modern assembly pattern in which co-occurrence frequently falls below random expectations.

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Moore, G. W. "Terranes and the tectonic assembly of South America: The fifth Circum-Pacific terrane conference". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 7, n. 3-4 (luglio 1994): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-9811(94)90010-8.

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KAWASHITA, IKUO, T. Ishida, H. Arimura, S. Katsuragawa, M. Komi, K. Awai, S. Hori e K. Doi. "Report on the Radiological Society of North America 88th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting". Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 59, n. 3 (2003): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00000921767.

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Donoghue, Michael J., e Stephen A. Smith. "Patterns in the assembly of temperate forests around the Northern Hemisphere". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, n. 1450 (29 ottobre 2004): 1633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1538.

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Recent studies of Northern Hemisphere biogeography have highlighted potentially significant differences between disjunction patterns in plants versus animals. To assess such differences, we compiled a larger sample of relevant plant phylogenies from which disjunction patterns, ancestral areas and directions of movement could be inferred. We considered 66 plant clades with species variously endemic today to eastern Asia (EA), Europe (including southwestern Asia), eastern North America (ENA), and/or western North America (WNA). Within these clades we focused on 100 disjunctions among these major areas, for 33 of which absolute divergence times have also been inferred. Our analyses uphold the view that disjunctions between EA and ENA are exceptionally common in plants, apparently more so than in animals. Compared with animals, we find few disjunctions between EA and WNA, consistent with increased extinction in WNA or failure of some groups to colonize that region. Taken at face value, our data also support the view that many temperate forest plant groups originated and diversified within EA, followed by movement out of Asia at different times, but mostly during the last 30 Myr. This favours Beringia over a North Atlantic land bridge as the primary path between the Old World and the New World. Additional studies are needed, especially to evaluate the impacts of differential extinction on these patterns, to more confidently establish divergence times, and to assess the statistical significance of these findings. Fortunately, many more plant groups show relevant disjunction patterns and could soon be added to such analyses.

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Goiri, Marcelo Augusto Acosta, Bruno Loof de Amorim, Talita Helena Martins Sarti, Marcos Devanir Silva da Costa e Feres Chaddad-Neto. "Building a microneurosurgical laboratory in Latin America: challenges and possibilities". Surgical Neurology International 12 (23 novembre 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_978_2021.

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Background: Training in microsurgical neuroanatomy is a priority for neurosurgical education. During the 20th century, microsurgical laboratories arose and provided a way to develop surgical skills. Few reports addressed the assembly, construction, and details of a training laboratory. Methods: We have conducted a literature review and searched legislation on the need to plan the structure of the laboratory. Results: We projected and built a laboratory through a public-private partnership. High-tech workstations and instruments were planned to meet the needs of residents, fellows, and student. All steps and materials were in accordance with the Brazilian legislation and articles previously selected. Conclusion: We described our experience and demonstrated the implementation of a micro neurosurgical skills laboratory.

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Torres-Sanchez, Carmen, Changxi Huang e Garry Steel. "Optimization of assembly instructions for a low-cost housing solution". Information Design Journal 22, n. 1 (18 luglio 2016): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.22.1.04tor.

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Bamboo huts have been proposed as a low-cost housing solution in places like India, the Far East and South America. Successful building is strongly linked to the end-user’s ability to interpret and execute their assembly instructions correctly. This article reports a case study in which the planning of the structure of the instructions was carried out to decrease complexity and increase effectiveness so that the assembly could be interpreted and executed correctly by participants. A diagnostic test to assess their suitability was conducted. The results provided insight into the way in which end-users dealt with ambiguity and intrinsic cognitive load, and their preferences for sub-assemblies, action, colored diagrams and self-auditing steps.

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Saremi, Nedda F., Jonas Oppenheimer, Christopher Vollmers, Brendan O’Connell, Shard A. Milne, Ashley Byrne, Li Yu, Oliver A. Ryder, Richard E. Green e Beth Shapiro. "An Annotated Draft Genome for the Andean Bear, Tremarctos ornatus". Journal of Heredity 112, n. 4 (21 aprile 2021): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab021.

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Abstract The Andean bear is the only extant member of the Tremarctine subfamily and the only extant ursid species to inhabit South America. Here, we present an annotated de novo assembly of a nuclear genome from a captive-born female Andean bear, Mischief, generated using a combination of short and long DNA and RNA reads. Our final assembly has a length of 2.23 Gb, and a scaffold N50 of 21.12 Mb, contig N50 of 23.5 kb, and BUSCO score of 88%. The Andean bear genome will be a useful resource for exploring the complex phylogenetic history of extinct and extant bear species and for future population genetics studies of Andean bears.

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ANDOLINA, ROBERT. "The Sovereign and its Shadow: Constituent Assembly and Indigenous Movement in Ecuador". Journal of Latin American Studies 35, n. 4 (novembre 2003): 721–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x03006965.

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A crucial development in current Latin American politics is the growing involvement of indigenous movements in democracies grappling with the challenges of regime consolidation. This article examines how Ecuador's indigenous movement consecrated new rights and national constitutive principles in the 1997–8 constitutional assembly. It argues that the indigenous movement defined the legitimacy and purpose of the assembly through an ideological struggle with other political actors, in turn shaping the context and content of constitutional reforms in Ecuador. The article concludes that softening the boundary between ‘cultural politics’ and ‘institutional politics’ is necessary in order to understand the impact of social movements in Latin America.

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García, Ana Isabel López. "Legislative Coalition Size and Antigovernment Protests in Latin America". Journal of Politics in Latin America 9, n. 3 (dicembre 2017): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1866802x1700900304.

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This work examines whether the size, as well as the composition, of legislative coalitions is an additional factor that affects the incidence of protests against national governments in Latin America. Based on aggregate data for 18 democracies from 1980 to 2014, the analysis reveals that the relationship between the size of legislative coalitions in the lower house of national assemblies and the odds of antigovernment protests is U-shaped. Specifically, the odds of antigovernment protests occurring decrease until the president has a coalition comprising 50–55 percent of the national assembly; once this threshold is passed, the odds of protests taking place increase as the coalition grows. This result holds after controlling for the party composition of the governing coalition and other factors previously linked to the occurrence of antigovernment protests. The evidence thus indicates that both minority and supermajority scenarios can be socially destabilizing for Latin American democracies.

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Samuels, Mark E., Cassandra Lapointe, Sara Halwas e Anne C. Worley. "Genomic Sequence of Canadian Chenopodium berlandieri: A North American Wild Relative of Quinoa". Plants 12, n. 3 (19 gennaio 2023): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030467.

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Chenopodium berlandieri (pitseed goosefoot) is a widespread native North American plant, which was cultivated and consumed by indigenous peoples prior to the arrival of European colonists. Chenopodium berlandieri is closely related to, and freely hybridizes with the domesticated South American food crop C. quinoa. As such it is a potential source of wild germplasm for breeding with C. quinoa, for improved quinoa production in North America. The C. berlandieri genome sequence could also be a useful source of information for improving quinoa adaptation. To this end, we first optimized barcode markers in two chloroplast genes, rbcL and matK. Together these markers can distinguish C. berlandieri from the morphologically similar Eurasian invasive C. album (lamb’s quarters). Second, we performed whole genome sequencing and preliminary assembly of a C. berlandieri accession collected in Manitoba, Canada. Our assembly, while fragmented, is consistent with the expected allotetraploid structure containing diploid Chenopodium sub-genomes A and B. The genome of our accession is highly homozygous, with only one variant site per 3–4000 bases in non-repetitive sequences. This is consistent with predominant self-fertilization. As previously reported for the genome of a partly domesticated Mexican accession of C. berlandieri, our genome assembly is similar to that of C. quinoa. Somewhat unexpectedly, the genome of our accession had almost as many variant sites when compared to the Mexican C. berlandieri, as compared to C. quinoa. Despite the overall similarity of our genome sequence to that of C. quinoa, there are differences in genes known to be involved in the domestication or genetics of other food crops. In one example, our genome assembly appears to lack one functional copy of the SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1) gene. SOS1 is involved in soil salinity tolerance, and by extension may be relevant to the adaptation of C. berlandieri to the wet climate of the Canadian region where it was collected. Our genome assembly will be a useful tool for the improved cultivation of quinoa in North America.

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Dettmann, M. E. "Structure and floristics of Cretaceous vegetation of southern Gondwana: implications for angiosperm biogeography". Journal of Palaeosciences 41 (31 dicembre 1992): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1992.1125.

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A review of palaeobotanical/palynological data reveals that the vegetation of southern Gondwana was regionalised throughout the Cretaceous. Open forests of high productivity occurred in high southern latitudes whereas woodlands, heathlands and closed forests vegetated mid-latitudinal areas. Angiosperms first entered the region during Barremian-Aptian times from source areas in northern Gondwana. Early immigrants to the Australian-Antarctic assembly were of magnoliid stock, and migration routes involved southern South America. Early angiosperms in India also included non-magnoliid taxa which may have utilised an African/Madagascar corridor. Non-magnoliid angiosperms spread to the Austro-Antarctic landmass during the Albian, some 5-10 Ma after India was isolated from the southern Gondwanan assembly. For the remainder of the Cretaceous southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula served as an exchange corridor for angiosperms between northern and southern Gondwana. This area was also the cradle of Nothofagus, whereas diametrically opposed land adjacent to the embryonic Southern Ocean was a differentiation centre for the Proteaceae. Angiosperm migration was step wise, and regulated by changing environmental circumstances associated with tectonic/volcanic activity and opening and enlargement of the southern oceans.

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Díaz-Viraqué, Florencia, Sebastián Pita, Gonzalo Greif, Rita de Cássia Moreira de Souza, Gregorio Iraola e Carlos Robello. "Nanopore Sequencing Significantly Improves Genome Assembly of the Protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi". Genome Biology and Evolution 11, n. 7 (20 giugno 2019): 1952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz129.

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Abstract Chagas disease was described by Carlos Chagas, who first identified the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi from a 2-year-old girl called Berenice. Many T. cruzi sequencing projects based on short reads have demonstrated that genome assembly and downstream comparative analyses are extremely challenging in this species, given that half of its genome is composed of repetitive sequences. Here, we report de novo assemblies, annotation, and comparative analyses of the Berenice strain using a combination of Illumina short reads and MinION long reads. Our work demonstrates that Nanopore sequencing improves T. cruzi assembly contiguity and increases the assembly size in ∼16 Mb. Specifically, we found that assembly improvement also refines the completeness of coding regions for both single-copy genes and repetitive transposable elements. Beyond its historical and epidemiological importance, Berenice constitutes a fundamental resource because it now constitutes a high-quality assembly available for TcII (clade C), a prevalent lineage causing human infections in South America. The availability of Berenice genome expands the known genetic diversity of these parasites and reinforces the idea that T. cruzi is intraspecifically divided in three main clades. Finally, this work represents the introduction of Nanopore technology to resolve complex protozoan genomes, supporting its subsequent application for improving trypanosomatid and other highly repetitive genomes.

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Harris, AJ, e Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond. "Continents as Units for the Study of Floristic Assembly and Biodiversity: Focus on North America". Journal of Systematics and Evolution 56, n. 5 (settembre 2018): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jse.12459.

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Auburn, Sarah, Ulrike Böhme, Sascha Steinbiss, Hidayat Trimarsanto, Jessica Hostetler, Mandy Sanders, Qi Gao et al. "A new Plasmodium vivax reference sequence with improved assembly of the subtelomeres reveals an abundance of pir genes". Wellcome Open Research 1 (15 novembre 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9876.1.

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Plasmodium vivax is now the predominant cause of malaria in the Asia-Pacific, South America and Horn of Africa. Laboratory studies of this species are constrained by the inability to maintain the parasite in continuous ex vivo culture, but genomic approaches provide an alternative and complementary avenue to investigate the parasite’s biology and epidemiology. To date, molecular studies of P. vivax have relied on the Salvador-I reference genome sequence, derived from a monkey-adapted strain from South America. However, the Salvador-I reference remains highly fragmented with over 2500 unassembled scaffolds. Using high-depth Illumina sequence data, we assembled and annotated a new reference sequence, PvP01, sourced directly from a patient from Papua Indonesia. Draft assemblies of isolates from China (PvC01) and Thailand (PvT01) were also prepared for comparative purposes. The quality of the PvP01 assembly is improved greatly over Salvador-I, with fragmentation reduced to 226 scaffolds. Detailed manual curation has ensured highly comprehensive annotation, with functions attributed to 58% core genes in PvP01 versus 38% in Salvador-I. The assemblies of PvP01, PvC01 and PvT01 are larger than that of Salvador-I (28-30 versus 27 Mb), owing to improved assembly of the subtelomeres. An extensive repertoire of over 1200 Plasmodium interspersed repeat (pir) genes were identified in PvP01 compared to 346 in Salvador-I, suggesting a vital role in parasite survival or development. The manually curated PvP01 reference and PvC01 and PvT01 draft assemblies are important new resources to study vivax malaria. PvP01 is maintained at GeneDB and ongoing curation will ensure continual improvements in assembly and annotation quality.

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Taylor, Gregory A., Heather Kirk, Lauren Coombe, Shaun D. Jackman, Justin Chu, Kane Tse, Dean Cheng et al. "The Genome of the North American Brown Bear or Grizzly: Ursus arctos ssp. horribilis". Genes 9, n. 12 (30 novembre 2018): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9120598.

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The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos ssp. horribilis) represents the largest population of brown bears in North America. Its genome was sequenced using a microfluidic partitioning library construction technique, and these data were supplemented with sequencing from a nanopore-based long read platform. The final assembly was 2.33 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 36.7 Mb, and the genome is of comparable size to that of its close relative the polar bear (2.30 Gb). An analysis using 4104 highly conserved mammalian genes indicated that 96.1% were found to be complete within the assembly. An automated annotation of the genome identified 19,848 protein coding genes. Our study shows that the combination of the two sequencing modalities that we used is sufficient for the construction of highly contiguous reference quality mammalian genomes. The assembled genome sequence and the supporting raw sequence reads are available from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) under the bioproject identifier PRJNA493656, and the assembly described in this paper is version QXTK01000000.

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Carias, M. C. Pineda De. "Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America". Highlights of Astronomy 11, n. 2 (1998): 885–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600019018.

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Recently, important efforts have been made to organize and consolidate the Assembly of Central American Astronomers (AAAC), an organization created to contribute to the development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central America, with the help of international cooperation; the Central American Courses in Astronomy and Astrophysics, have been hosted each year by a different national university in Central America (1995: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, 1996: Universidad de El Salvador, 1997: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, and 1998: Universidad de Panama). These courses aimed to provide an exchange of knowledge and experience among university staff and students interested in continuing studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Regional Observational Campaigns have been organized to train young astronomers in the use of astronomical equipment and observational techniques. It seems that the broad development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central American as a whole, will be possible only when nuclei of astronomers in each of the countries concerned begin to develop many more activities, countries As part of the III Central American Course on Astronomy and Astrophysics (III-CURCAA, April 1997, Guatemala), in a forum about Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America, several important conclusions were stated. In this paper we present the six most relevant conclusions discussed there.

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Syryt, Aleksandra, Bogusław Przywora e Karol Dobrzeniecki. "Freedom of Assembly in the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Limits of its Restraints in the Context of the Experiences of the Republic of Poland and the United States of America". Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 27, n. 2 (1 giugno 2022): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2022.27.02.03.

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Abstract The aim of the study is to illustrate the problem of freedom of assembly during the COVID-19 pandemic against the background of the experiences of the Republic of Poland and the United States of America. This freedom is provided for in the constitutions of both states, which implies that public authorities are obliged to implement it also in COVID-19 conditions. Hence, the question arises as to whether, and if so to what extent, public authorities in Poland and the United States (countries belonging to the United Nations and obliged to consider the standards of human rights protection resulting from international law) applied solutions realising freedom of assembly in the conditions of COVID-19. The authors try to determine the extent of the impact of legal measures applied by public authorities in both countries on the realisation of freedom of assembly and the public reaction produced by these measures. The choice of such a context for assessment was justified by differences in the legal culture of the countries being compared, the structure of the state, and the approach of both the public authorities and the society to freedom of assembly.

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Tao, Feng, Chuanzhu Fan, Yimin Liu, Subashini Sivakumar, Kurt P. Kowalski e Edward M. Golenberg. "Optimization and application of non-native Phragmites australis transcriptome assemblies". PLOS ONE 18, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2023): e0280354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280354.

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Abstract (sommario):

Phragmites australis (common reed) has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been suggested as a model organism for the study of invasive plant species. In North America, the non-native subspecies (ssp. australis) is widely distributed across the contiguous 48 states in the United States and large parts of Canada. Even though millions of dollars are spent annually on Phragmites management, insufficient knowledge of P. australis impeded the efficiency of management. To solve this problem, transcriptomic information generated from multiple types of tissue could be a valuable resource for future studies. Here, we constructed forty-nine P. australis transcriptomes assemblies via different assembly tools and multiple parameter settings. The optimal transcriptome assembly for functional annotation and downstream analyses was selected among these transcriptome assemblies by comprehensive assessments. For a total of 422,589 transcripts assembled in this transcriptome assembly, 319,046 transcripts (75.5%) have at least one functional annotation. Within the transcriptome assembly, we further identified 1,495 transcripts showing tissue-specific expression pattern, 10,828 putative transcription factors, and 72,165 candidates for simple sequence repeats markers. The identification and analyses of predicted transcripts related to herbicide- and salinity-resistant genes were shown as two applications of the transcriptomic information to facilitate further research on P. australis. Transcriptome assembly and selection would be important for the transcriptome annotation. With this optimal transcriptome assembly and all relative information from downstream analyses, we have helped to establish foundations for future studies on the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of non-native P. australis subspecies.

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HALFFTER, GONZALO, e JUAN J. MORRONE. "An analytical review of Halffter's Mexican transition zone, and its relevance for evolutionary biogeography, ecology and biogeographical regionalization". Zootaxa 4226, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4226.1.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Mexican transition zone (MTZ) is the complex area where the Neotropical and Nearctic biotas overlap, including south-western United States, Mexico and a large part of Central America extending to the Nicaraguan lowlands. In a strict sense, it corresponds to the mountain highlands of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua. We review Halffter's theory explaining the biotic evolution of the MTZ, including the description and discussion of the distributional patterns and cenocrons recognized within it. Distributional patterns are generalizations that help analyse and compare distributions of different taxa. Cenocrons correspond to sets of taxa that share the same biogeographic history, constituting identifiable subsets within the transitional biota by their common biotic origin and evolutionary history. The heuristic value of distributional patterns and cenocrons lies in their application to formulate hypotheses on biotic assembly in the geographical-ecological space, to analyse the ecological response to anthropic impact, to analyse altitudinal patterns and to undertake time-slicing in cladistic biogeography. Three case studies are analysed with some detail: the Neotropical genus Canthon and the tribe Phanaeini and the Holarctic/Nearctic subfamily Geotrupinae. The Paleoamerican and Mexican Plateau cenocrons define the approximate boundaries of the MTZ, whereas the Mountain Mesoamerican, Nearctic and Typical Neotropical cenocrons correspond to the more conventional boundaries of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. The biotic assembly of the MTZ is summarized into five stages: in the Jurassic-Cretaceous, the Paleoamerican cenocron (later diversified into five varieties) extended in Mexico; in the Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene, the Mexican Plateau cenocron dispersed from South America; in the Oligocene-Miocene, the Mountain Mesoamerican cenocron dispersed from the Central American Nucleus; in the Miocene-Pliocene, the Nearctic cenocron dispersed from northern North America; and in the Pleistocene, the Typical Neotropical cenocron dispersed from South America. Finally, we review the impact of Halffter's MTZ, with particular reference to dispersal, track, cladistic biogeographic, endemicity and phylogeographic analyses, as well as biogeographic regionalization.

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Valenti, Michael. "Detroit, We Are Here!" Mechanical Engineering 123, n. 02 (1 febbraio 2001): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2001-feb-9.

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Automakers are using French-born manufacturing software to improve the machining and assembly of their vehicles. Carmakers use ILOG software to determine the order of building vehicles that will optimize production, maximizing return on investment. A more recent French software entrant in the Detroit area is ILOG, which opened a sales and technical support office in Southfield, Michigan, in May 2000, to serve the US automotive market. Delmia Corp.’s, a French company, labs in Troy, Paris, Montreal, Stuttgart, and Bangalore, India, customize software services to design, simulate, optimize, and control production activities, which account for up to 80 percent of the cost of manufactured goods. Delmia adapted three of its proprietary software tools to form the core software of the V-Comm Project. The Delmia Assembly Module enables users to evaluate alternative sequences of assembly to achieve the optimal lean solution. Toyota engineers working in V-Comm rooms at 20 Toyota locations in Japan, Europe, and North America use the Delmia software to create virtual prototypes that are projected on large screens, and to observe the visual data in three dimensions.

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Clark, Brigitte. "Sharia Tribunals, Rabbinical Courts, and Christian Panels: Religious Arbitration in America and the West Michael J Broyde Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017, xxvi + 282 pp (hardback £61.00) ISBN: 978-0-19-064028-6". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 21, n. 1 (gennaio 2019): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x18001060.

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SUZUKI, RYUJI. "Report on the 85th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America". Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 56, n. 6 (2000): 803–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001356958.

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IWAI, TSUGUNORI. "Report on the 86th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America". Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 57, n. 7 (2001): 806–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001357631.

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Zylak, Carl J. "The Radiological Society of North America 77th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting McCormick Place, Chicago, Illinois". Radiology 180, n. 2 (agosto 1991): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.180.2.567.

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Parker, Robert G. "The Radiological Society of North America 78th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting McCormick Place, Chicago, Illinois". Radiology 184, n. 2 (agosto 1992): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.184.2.571.

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Harle, Thomas S. "The Radiological Society of North America 79th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting McCormick Place, Chicago, Illinois". Radiology 188, n. 2 (agosto 1993): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.188.2.573.

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Houser, O. Wayne. "The Radiological Society of North America 80th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting McCormick Place, Chicago, IL". Radiology 192, n. 2 (agosto 1994): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.192.2.577.

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Redman, Helen C. "The Radiological Society of North America 81st Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting McCormick Place, Chicago, Illinois". Radiology 196, n. 2 (agosto 1995): 569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.196.2.569.

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