Articoli di riviste: "Quantification de la graisse"

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Sottier, D., J. M. Petit, S. Guiu, S. Hamza, H. Benhamiche, P. Hillon, J. P. Cercueil, D. Krausé e B. Guiu. "Quantification de la graisse viscérale et sous-cutanée au scanner : corrélation inter-observateur d’une technique monocoupe". Journal de Radiologie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle 94, n. 9 (settembre 2013): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradio.2013.02.019.

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Buscarnera, Giuseppe, Changbum Sohn e Dawa Seo. "Quantification of grain breakage during creep based on X-ray microtomography". E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020509004.

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Delayed compression is among the leading causes of long-term deterioration in granular systems, especially when it is mediated by the action of pore fluids. This time-dependent process is often classified as ‘creep’, a term conveying time-dependence without specifying the causes of deformation. This paper presents a methodology based on X-ray synchrotron microtomography to track delayed microstructural changes in compacted sand. Experiments on materials characterized by different grain size and shape have been designed to measure macroscopic variables such as strain rate, as well as to visualize the topological and morphological alterations of the constituting particles. The results reveal that non-negligible inelastic processes such as grain breakage manifest during the first stages of loading, as well as during the ensuing constant-stress delayed compaction. A substantial role of the grain morphology was detected in both stages. Specifically, while samples made of angular grains displayed early breakage due to the exacerbated fragility of the particles, specimens made of rounded grains did not develop a markedly polydisperse structure prior to creep, which led to comparably more intense delayed fracturing. Furthermore, samples consisting of round grains were also found to exhibit more intense shape alterations, with morphological indicators that tended to converge over time towards those of initially angular grains. These results suggest that characterization and simulation of creep in granular media need to encompass a variety of microscopic processes controlled by grain-scale properties, thus requiring multi-scale testing and modelling techniques.

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Ullah, Riaz, Shabir Ahmad, Aimen Atiq, Hidayat Hussain, Najeeb ur Rehman, Naser M. AbdElsalam e Muhammad Adnan. "QUANTIFICATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS IN COFFEE SAMPLES". African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 12, n. 4 (27 giugno 2015): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v12i4.13.

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Background: Flavonoids are the phenolic substances widely found in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and coffee. Methodology: In the current study quantity of flavonoids and antibacterial activities were determined in different coffee samples namely Nescafe classic, Nescafe gold, Nescafe martina, original, creamy and cafe soluvel by using standard methodology available in literature. Results: Nescafe original and gold showed highest content of flavonoid while cafe soluvel showed lowest content of flavonoid. Cafe soluvel, gold and classic showed good antibacterial activities. Conclusion: This study showed that coffee is good source of flavonoids and had excellent antibacterial potential.

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MILLS, P. A., R. G. ROTTER e R. R. MARQUARDT. "MODIFICATION OF THE GLUCOSAMINE METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATION". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, n. 4 (1 dicembre 1989): 1105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-128.

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Modifications to the glucosamine (GlcN) analysis method for the quantification of fungal material in cereal grains are described. The modifications improve recovery of GlcN, increase reliability of the method and reduce analytical time. Key words: Glucosamine, fungal material, grain

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Birsan, Rares I., Peter Wilde, Keith W. Waldron e Dilip K. Rai. "Recovery of Polyphenols from Brewer’s Spent Grains". Antioxidants 8, n. 9 (7 settembre 2019): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090380.

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The recovery of antioxidant polyphenols from light, dark and mix brewer’s spent grain (BSG) using conventional maceration, microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction was investigated. Total polyphenols were measured in the crude (60% acetone), liquor extracts (saponified with 0.75% NaOH) and in their acidified ethyl acetate (EtOAc) partitioned fractions both by spectrophotometry involving Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Irrespective of the extraction methods used, saponification of BSG yielded higher polyphenols than in the crude extracts. The EtOAc fractionations yielded the highest total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 3.01 ± 0.19 to 4.71 ± 0.28 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of BSG dry weight. The corresponding total polyphenols quantified by LC-MS/MS ranged from 549.9 ± 41.5 to 2741.1 ± 5.2 µg/g of BSG dry weight. Microwave and ultrasound with the parameters and equipment used did not improve the total polyphenol yield when compared to the conventional maceration method. Furthermore, the spectrophotometric quantification of the liquors overestimated the TPC, while the LC-MS/MS quantification gave a closer representation of the total polyphenols in all the extracts. The total polyphenols were in the following order in the EtOAc fractions: BSG light > BSG Mix > BSG dark, and thus suggested BSG light as a sustainable, low cost source of natural antioxidants that may be tapped for applications in food and phytopharmaceutical industries.

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Noma, Satoshi, Yosuke Kikuchi, Megumi Satou, Tomoki Tanaka, Toshiyuki Takiya, Hideki Okusu, Satoshi Futo, Reona Takabatake, Kazumi Kitta e Junichi Mano. "Simple, Precise, and Less Biased GMO Quantification by Multiplexed Genetic Element-Specific Digital PCR". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 105, n. 1 (9 ottobre 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsab138.

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Abstract Background To provide the consumer with choices of genetically modified organisms (GMO) or non-GMO, official food labeling systems were established in many countries. Because the threshold GMO content values were set to distinguish between “non-GMO” and “GMO” designations, GMO content quantification methods are required for ensuring the appropriateness of labeling. Objective As the number of GMOs is continuously increasing around the world, we set out to develop a low-cost, simple and less biased analytical strategy to cover all necessary detection targets. Methods Digital PCR methods are advantageous compared to the conventional quantitative real-time PCR methods. We developed a digital PCR-based GMO quantification method to evaluate the GMO content in maize grains. To minimize the analytical workload, we adopted multiplex digital PCR targeting the 35S promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator, which are genetic elements commonly introduced in many GMOs. Results Our method is significantly simpler and more precise than the conventional real-time PCR-based methods. Additionally, we found that this method enables quantification of the copy number of GMO DNA without double counting multiple elements (35S promoter and nopaline synthase terminator) tandemly placed in a recombinant DNA construct. Conclusion This is the first report on the development of a genetically modified maize quantification method using a multiplexed genetic element-specific digital PCR method. The tandem effect we report here is quite useful for reducing the bias in the analytical results. Highlights Multiplexed genetic element-specific digital PCR can simplify weight-based GMO quantification and thus should prove useful in light of the continuous increase in the number of GM events.

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Živković, Andrej, Dejan Gođevac, Blaž Cigić, Tomaž Polak e Tomaž Požrl. "Identification and Quantification of Selected Benzoxazinoids and Phenolics in Germinated Spelt (Triticum spelta)". Foods 12, n. 9 (24 aprile 2023): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12091769.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of germination on the secondary metabolite composition in spelt grains. Germination significantly increased the content of various metabolites in free and bound forms. Benzoxazinoids were the most important compounds in the free fraction of the 96 h germinated grains (MBOA content as the predominant compound was 277.61 ± 15.29 µg/g DW). The majority of phenolic acids were present in the bound fraction, with trans-ferulic acid as the main component, reaching 753.27 ± 95.87 µg/g DW. The often neglected cis-isomers of phenolic acids accounted for about 20% of the total phenolic acids. High levels of apigenin di-C-glycosides were found in spelt grains, and the schaftoside content was most affected by germination, increasing threefold. The accumulation of secondary metabolites significantly increased the antioxidant activity of germinated spelt. According to the results of this study, the content of most bioactive compounds was highest in spelt grains after 96 h of germination. These data suggest that germinated spelt could potentially be valuable for the production of functional foods.

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Kasai, Midori. "The Visualization and Quantification of Water Distribution in Rice Grains during Cooking". Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 58, n. 10 (2011): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.58.506.

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Wang, Yongsheng, Jie Li, Bo Wang, Yuting Zhang, Junling Geng, Li Xin Wen e Aike Li. "Effective Quantification of Tannin Content in Sorghum Grains Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy". International Journal of Animal Science and Technology 5, n. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20210501.12.

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Boubrit, Hassiba, e Bachir Melbouci. "Quantification of the crushing of grains by the calculation of the surfaces". European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 24, n. 13 (24 ottobre 2018): 2284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2018.1505661.

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Aldana-Madrid, M. L., S. Valdez-Hurtado, N. D. Vargas-Valdez, N. J. Salazar-Lopez, M. I. Silveira-Gramont, F. G. Loarca-Piña, G. Rodríguez-Olibarria, F. J. Wong-Corral, J. Borboa-Flores e A. Burgos-Hernández. "Insecticide Residues in Stored Grains in Sonora, Mexico: Quantification and Toxicity Testing". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 80, n. 2 (12 gennaio 2008): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9302-8.

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Caputo, M., F. Auger, J. Lesage, E. Aubry, A. Vambergue, L. Storme e P. Deruelle. "P243 - Validation de l’IRM pour la quantification des volumes graisseux chez le rat". Diabetes & Metabolism 37, n. 1 (marzo 2011): A90—A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(11)70869-2.

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Zouhar, M., J. Mazáková, E. Prokinová, M. Váňová e P. Ryšánek. "Quantification of Tilletia caries and Tilletia controversa mycelium in wheat apical meristem by real-time PCR". Plant Protection Science 46, No. 3 (25 agosto 2010): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2009-pps.

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In the Czech Republic, three closely related species of the genus Tilletia belong to pathogens that cause significant losses of wheat crops by replacing grains with a mass of teliospores. A quantitative real-time qPCR assay using SYBR Green I has been developed to quantify the amount of T. caries and T. controversa mycelium in apical meristems of different wheat varieties. The real-time PCR reaction was validated by evaluating selected extraction methods, examining the specificity of designed target-specific IGS primers and verifying the optimised amplification reaction on naturally infected wheat plants. The PCR detection limit for the specific identification of fungal DNA was 0.22 ng of mycelium, and the negative correlation between the target DNA quantity and cycle threshold (Ct) was high with a coefficient of determination of R<sup>2</sup> = 0.992. The developed method was used to quantify pathogens mycelium in five wheat varieties in the range from 0.34 ng to 15 µg per one growing tip.

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Tournier, Maurice. "La graisse vorace". Langage et société 113, n. 3 (2005): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ls.113.0093.

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Kim, Heon Woong, Jung Bong Kim, Soo-Muk Cho, Il Kyu Cho, Qing X. Li, Hwan-Hee Jang, Sung-Hyeon Lee, Young-Min Lee e Kyung-A. Hwang. "Characterization and quantification of γ-oryzanol in grains of 16 Korean rice varieties". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 66, n. 2 (6 novembre 2014): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2014.971226.

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Akinneye Joseph, O., AO Adedolapo e P. Adesina Femi. "Quantification of Organophosphate and Carbamate residue on stored grains in Ondo State, Nigeria". Journal of Biology and Medicine 2, n. 1 (28 luglio 2018): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/jbm.000003.

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Permingeat, Hugo R., Martín I. Reggiardo e Rubén H. Vallejos. "Detection and Quantification of Transgenes in Grains by Multiplex and Real-Time PCR". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, n. 16 (luglio 2002): 4431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020081d.

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Saito, Chieko, Makoto Fujie, Atsushi Sakai, Haruko Kuroiwa e Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa. "Detection and quantification of rRNA by high-resolutionin situ hybridization in pollen grains". Journal of Plant Research 111, n. 1 (marzo 1998): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02507148.

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Bessaire, Thomas, Marie-Claude Savoy, Marion Ernest, Nicolas Christinat, Flavia Badoud, Aurélien Desmarchelier, Benoit Carrères, Wai-Chinn Chan, Xiaoyu Wang e Thierry Delatour. "Enhanced Surveillance of >1100 Pesticides and Natural Toxins in Food: Harnessing the Capabilities of LC-HRMS for Reliable Identification and Quantification". Foods 13, n. 19 (25 settembre 2024): 3040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13193040.

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The consequences of climate change along with diverse food regulations and agricultural practices worldwide are complexifying the occurrence and management of chemical contaminants in food. In this context, we present an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) approach for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of over 1100 pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and plant toxins in cereals and fruits and vegetables. Analytical conditions were optimized to maximize the scope of the targeted molecules, the reliability of compound identification, and quantification performance within a single method. The method was further transferred and validated in another laboratory to assess its ruggedness. Validation according to the SANTE 11312/2021v2 guidelines showed that 92% and 98% of the molecules fulfill the quantification criteria at the lowest validated level in the cereals and fruits and vegetables groups, respectively. Analysis of fifteen certified reference materials led to a 96% satisfactory rate of z-scores confirming method’s competitiveness. Furthermore, the occurrence of these contaminants was studied in 205 cereals and grains samples collected worldwide. The low µg/kg quantification limits make this LC-HRMS method a valuable tool to ensure compliance toward regulations and to screen for non-regulated substances for which occurrence data are crucial for an appropriate risk evaluation.

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Xiang, Danhua, Peiqi Li, Rong Gong, Yanbin Sun, Xiangmei Chen, Heli Wei e Yan Xu. "Quantification and Distribution of Thiols in Fermented Grains of Sauce-Aroma Baijiu Production Process". Foods 12, n. 14 (10 luglio 2023): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142658.

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Five volatile thiol compounds (methanethiol, ethanethiol, 2-mercapto-1-ethanol, 2-furfurylthiol, and 2-methyl-3-furanethiol) in fermented grains of sauce-aroma baijiu were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were pre-treated using a modified QuEChERS method. 4,4′-Dithiodipyridine (DTDP) derivatization reaction improved the detectability and stability of volatile thiol compounds. From the end of the first round to the end of the seventh round of fermentation and different fermentation states from the fifth round of fermented grains of the sauce-aroma baijiu production process were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of methanethiol (67.64–205.37 μg/kg), ethanethiol (1.22–1.76 μg/kg), 2-furfurylthiol (0.51–3.03 μg/kg), and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (1.70–12.74 μg/kg) were increased with the number of fermentation rounds. Methanethiol, 2-furfurylthiol, and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol increased during fermentation and distillation in the fifth round. Fermentation and distillation were important stages for their widespread production. After distillation, there were still a large number of volatile thiol compounds in the fermented grains. The thermal reaction was of great significance in the formation of these thiols.

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Masson, François-Xavier, Georges Beaudoin e Denis Laurendeau. "Quantification of the morphology of gold grains in 3D using X-ray microscopy and SEM photogrammetry". Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, n. 3 (23 marzo 2020): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.16.

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ABSTRACT The shape of gold is widely used in mineral exploration and in sedimentology to estimate the distance of transport from the source to the site of deposition. However, estimation of the morphology is based on qualitative observations or on the quantification of shape in 2D. The 3D analysis of grain shape is useful for accurate morphometric quantification and to evaluate its volume, which is related to particle size. This study compares X-ray 3D microscope and 3D SEM photogrammetry to reconstruct the shape of gold particles. These new methods are exploited to quantify the shape of gold grains 85 to 300 μm in size. The shape parameters, such as axial lengths, surface area, volume, diameter of curvature of all corners, and diameter of the largest inscribed sphere and smallest circumscribed sphere are measured on a particle in order to estimate shape factors such as flatness ratios, shape indices, sphericity, and roundness. Most shape parameters and shape factors estimated on the same gold grain with simple geometry are similar between the two approaches. This result validates these methods for the 3D description of gold particles with simple morphology, while providing a methodology for describing grains with more complex geometry.

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Adebisi Akinyemi Fagbohun, Mary Sunday Dauda e Toba Samuel Anjorin. "Comparative profile of glyphosate residues in cowpea grains sold in the municipal and satellite towns of Abuja, Nigeria". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, n. 1 (30 luglio 2023): 1233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1308.

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The profile of glyphosate residues in cowpea grains sold in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja (FCT), Nigeria was assessed using high performance liquid chromatography. Methods: Thirty-three cowpea grains samples of red and white morphotype were collected from some selected markets within the FCT, Abuja. Analytical methods on the pulverized cowpea grains included dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using acetonitrile/water (55:45) as mobile phase, sample clean up and their quantification by HPLC/UV as described by AOAC - QuEChERS method. Results: The percentage recoveries of the GLY pesticide standard were found to be acceptable at 90.01-101% with limits of detection pesticides standard were 0.011mgkg-1 and limits of quantification from 0.022 mgkg-1 and regression correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.987332. The results showed that the mean concentration of glyphosate in the cowpea grains ranged from 0.11-44.32 ± 0.001 mgkg_1 with a mean glyphosate concentration of 6.280 mgkg-1 was detected. Six samples representing 18.18% of the samples collected violated WHO/FAO CODEX standard of 15.0 mgkg-1. Comparative studies between municipal and satellite markets revealed that GLY concentration residue was highest and lowest in K’WB (44.32 mg/kg) and K’IB (0.11 mg/kg) respectively while values recorded for Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for all the samples were within an acceptable limit of 0.1mgkg-1. Heath risk index values were <1 suggesting that the consumer populations were not at risk. Conclusion: The high profile of glyphosate residue in cowpea grains from Karimu and Abaji Area Councils of the FCT is of great concern and needed to be further investigated.

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Liu, Yue, Tao Sun, Kaixing Wu, Hongwei Zhang, Jingwei Zhang, Xinwen Jiang, Quanwei Lin e Mei Feng. "Fractal-Based Pattern Quantification of Mineral Grains: A Case Study of Yichun Rare-Metal Granite". Fractal and Fractional 8, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2024): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8010049.

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The quantification of the irregular morphology and distribution pattern of mineral grains is an essential but challenging task in ore-related mineralogical research, allowing for tracing the footprints of pattern-forming geological processes that are crucial to understanding mineralization and/or diagenetic systems. In this study, a large model, namely, the Segmenting Anything Model (SAM), was employed to automatically segment and annotate quartz, lepidolite and albite grains derived from Yichun rare-metal granite (YCRMG), based on which a series of fractal and multifractal methods, including box-counting calculation, perimeter–area analysis and multifractal spectra, were implemented. The results indicate that the mineral grains from YCRMG show great scaling invariance within the range of 1.04~52,300 μm. The automatic annotation of mineral grains from photomicrographs yields accurate fractal dimensions with an error of only 0.6% and thus can be utilized for efficient fractal-based grain quantification. The resultant fractal dimensions display a distinct distribution pattern in the diagram of box-counting fractal dimension (Db) versus perimeter–area fractal dimension (DPA), in which lepidolites are sandwiched between greater-valued quartz and lower-valued albites. Snowball-textured albites, i.e., concentrically arranged albite laths in quartz and K-feldspar, exhibit characteristic Db values ranging from 1.6 to 1.7, which coincide with the fractal indices derived from the fractal growth model. The zonal albites exhibit a strictly increasing trend regarding the values of fractal and multifractal exponents from core to rim, forming a featured “fractal-index banding” in the radar diagram. This pattern suggests that the snowball texture gradually evolved from rim to core, thus leading to greater fractal indices of outer zones, which represent higher complexity and maturity of the evolving system, which supports a metasomatic origin of the snowball texture. Our study demonstrates that fractal analyses with the aid of a large model are effective and efficient in characterizing and understanding complex patterns of mineral grains.

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Huang, Xiaomin, Changqing Chen, Haoyu Qian, Mingzhou Chen, Aixing Deng, Jun Zhang e Weijian Zhang. "Quantification for carbon footprint of agricultural inputs of grains cultivation in China since 1978". Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (gennaio 2017): 1629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.131.

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Kalyan, N. S. S. P., e Ramesh Kannan Kandasami. "Computationally efficient approach to quantify 2D particle morphological descriptors". EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124905002.

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The macro-scale behavior of granular materials is strongly influenced by grain kinematics. The mobility of the grains in turn is affected by grain morphology which needs to be comprehensively characterized. Initially, morphological descriptors were determined by manual processes which were tedious and cumbersome. But with the help of image processing techniques and computational geometry, this problem can be handled with ease. The long-established descriptors such as sphericity and roundness can be estimated by operating over the grain boundary obtained from 2D images of the particle. The main objective of this study is to quantify these descriptors in a computationally effective way. The roundness quantification in previous studies involves the sequence of processes such as removing the noise, corner identification and fitting circles. This paper details the necessary modifications to the quantification process required to reduce the cost of time for a single particle. Further, the influence of different smoothing techniques and a new corner identification method will be detailed.

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Arroyo, Florencia, Mauro Martínez, Agustín Arata, María V. Moreno, Marie Dufresne, Sebastián A. Stenglein e María I. Dinolfo. "Evaluation of Brachypodium spp. System Model Against Fusarium poae". Journal of Fungi 11, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2025): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11010032.

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Cereal crops are affected by one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, known as Fusarium head blight (FHB), with Fusarium graminearum being the most isolated causal pathogen. Another species associated with this disease is Fusarium poae. This species has been considered a relatively weak pathogen compared to F. graminearum, but its importance has increased due to its occurrence in cereal grains worldwide. Considering the advantages of using B. distachyon as a plant model and the importance of F. poae in crops, our study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Brachypodium as a plant model to evaluate the compatible interaction with F. poae. Twelve Brachypodium spp. accessions from different countries were inoculated with a selected F. poae set of isolates. Disease severity, conidial quantification, fungal DNA biomass, and nivalenol quantification were assessed. The results showed a compatible interaction between Brachypodium accessions and Fusarium poae, which allowed the use of the model plant for future plant–pathogen interaction studies.

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Auberger, Janick. "La Grèce sans graisse..." Food and History 4, n. 2 (gennaio 2006): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.food.1.100080.

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Stricker, M., e É. Simon. "Graisse à la face". EMC Stomatologie 5, n. 3 (2010): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3999(10)57164-4.

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Stricker, M., e É. Simon. "Graisse à la face". EMC - Médecine buccale 3, n. 2 (2010): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0000-0000(10)46595-x.

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Stricker, M., e É. Simon. "Graisse à la face". EMC - Chirurgie orale et maxillo-faciale 23, n. 3 (2010): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1283-0852(10)57164-7.

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Idris, Musadiq, Caitlin C. Gay, Ian G. Woods, Megan Sullivan, John B. Gaughan e Clive J. C. Phillips. "Automated Quantification of the Behaviour of Beef Cattle Exposed to Heat Load Conditions". Animals 13, n. 6 (22 marzo 2023): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13061125.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cattle change their behaviour in response to hot temperatures, including by engaging in stepping that indicates agitation. The automated recording of these responses would be helpful in the timely diagnosis of animals experiencing heat loading. Behavioural responses of beef cattle to hot environmental conditions were studied to investigate whether it was possible to assess behavioural responses by video-digitised image analysis. Open-source automated behavioural quantification software was used to record pixel changes in 13 beef cattle videorecorded in a climate-controlled chamber during exposure to a simulated typical heat event in Queensland, Australia. Increased digitised movement was observed during the heat event, which was related to stepping and grooming/scratching activities in standing animals. The 13 cattle were exposed in two cohorts, in which the first group of cattle (n = 6) was fed a standard finisher diet based on a high percentage of cereal grains, and the second group of cattle (n = 7) received a substituted diet in which 8% of the grains were replaced by lucerne hay. The second group displayed a smaller increase in digitised movements on exposure to heat than the first, suggesting less discomfort under hot conditions. The results suggest that cattle exposed to heat display increased movement that can be detected automatically by video digitisation software, and that replacing some cereal grain with forage in the diet of feedlot cattle may reduce the measured activity responses to the heat.

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Yager, Kevin G., e Pawel W. Majewski. "Metrics of graininess: robust quantification of grain count from the non-uniformity of scattering rings". Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, n. 6 (17 ottobre 2014): 1855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714020822.

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The diffraction rings that arise in X-ray scattering experiments frequently exhibit non-uniformity or `spottiness' as a result of the finite number of grains within the probed volume. This article explores a variety of ways to assess this graininess and shows that scaling relationships can be used to quantitatively relate ring non-uniformity to the number of grains within the scattering volume. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for grain counts from 10 to 107, enabling measurement of the crystalline fraction or of the average grain size from 6 nm to 120 µm. This method enables quantification of grain size even in cases where the intrinsic peak width is much smaller than the instrumental broadening. The method is validated with experimental measurements on a variety of systems.

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Le Cloirec, P., P. Horny e A. Ladousse. "Anaerobic Biological Removal of Dimethyldisulfide in a Chemical Process Wastewater". Water Science and Technology 26, n. 9-11 (1 novembre 1992): 2069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0663.

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The capability and performances of anaerobic biological removal of dimethyldisulfide were studied with a biofilter packed with a mixture of activated carbon and calcium carbonate grains. The oxygen sources of the bio-oxydation came from nitrates used like nutrients. The operating conditions (pH, volumetric load…) were determined. The quantification of the nutrients (DMDS, Nitrates) and by-products (Sulfates) in the influent and the effluent enabled us to approach the mechanisms of degradation of dimethyldisulfide.

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Ferraz, Maria Suely Siqueira, Lêda Rita D’Antonino Faroni, Fernanda Fernandes Heleno, Adalberto Hipólito de Sousa, Lucas Henrique Figueiredo Prates e Alessandra Aparecida Zinato Rodrigues. "Method Validation and Evaluation of Safrole Persistence in Cowpea Beans Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography". Molecules 26, n. 22 (16 novembre 2021): 6914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226914.

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Bioinsecticides are regarded as important alternatives for controlling agricultural pests. However, few studies have determined the persistence of these compounds in stored grains. This study aimed at optimizing and validating a fast and effective method for extraction and quantification of residues of safrole (the main component of Piper hispidinervum essential oil) in cowpea beans. It also sought to assess the persistence of this substance in the grains treated by contact and fumigation. The proposed method used headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Factors such as temperature, extraction time and type of fiber were assessed to maximize the performance of the extraction technique. The performance of the method was appraised via the parameters selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ of safrole were 0.0057 and 0.019 μg kg−1, respectively and the determination coefficient (R2) was >0.99. The relative recovery ranged from 99.26 to 104.85, with a coefficient of variation <15%. The validated method was applied to assess the persistence of safrole residue in grains, where concentrations ranged from 1.095 to 0.052 µg kg−1 (contact) and from 2.16 to 0.12 µg kg −1 (fumigation). The levels measured up from the fifth day represented less than 1% of the initial concentration, proving that safrole have low persistence in cowpea beans, thus being safe for bioinsecticide use. Thus, this work is relevant not only for the extraction method developed, but also for the possible use of a natural insecticide in pest management in stored grains.

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35

Trombete, Felipe Machado, Thaís Barbosa Santos, Glória Maria Direito, Marcelo Elias Fraga e Tatiana Saldanha. "In-house validation of a method for determining aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in wheat and wheat by-products". Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 44, n. 3 (settembre 2014): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-40632014000300003.

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Aflatoxins are naturally occurring carcinogenic substances, extremely toxic to humans, which have been identified in wheat and wheat by-products. The use of reliable analytical methods to evaluate and monitor such contaminants is extremely important. This study aimed to in-house validate a methodology to determine aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in wheat grains using pre-column derivatization and quantification by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Three methods were evaluated and the most suitable one was the method based on the extraction with chloroform, removal of interfering chemicals by filtration, liquid-liquid partition with hexane-methanol-water and methanol-water-chloroform and pre-column derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. The method showed a Relative Standard Deviation lower than 15% and recovery values in the 70-110% range, with limits of detection and quantification (0.6 µg kg-1 and 1.2 µg kg-1, respectively) below the maximum level of aflatoxins allowed in wheat and wheat by-products by the European Commission (4.0 µg kg-1) and by the Brazilian legislation (5.0 µg kg-1). Using the validated method, aflatoxins were quantified in 20 commercial samples of wheat grains, wheat bran, whole wheat flour and refined wheat flour intended for direct human consumption. Six samples (30%) were positive for aflatoxins and all samples presented levels below the maximum limit stipulated by the Brazilian legislation.

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Yasar, Sulhattin, Emanuele Boselli, Ramazan Tosun e Mustafa Cicekler. "Viscous gel-forming gums (VGUMS) of cereal grains: Rheology and viscosity-based enzyme activity quantification". Journal of Cereal Science 69 (maggio 2016): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2016.03.003.

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37

Kulik, Tomasz, Kinga Treder e Dariusz Załuski. "Quantification of Alternaria , Cladosporium , Fusarium and Penicillium verrucosum in Conventional and Organic Grains by qPCR". Journal of Phytopathology 163, n. 7-8 (26 novembre 2014): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12348.

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38

Biesiekierski, J. R., O. Rosella, R. Rose, K. Liels, J. S. Barrett, S. J. Shepherd, P. R. Gibson e J. G. Muir. "Quantification of fructans, galacto-oligosacharides and other short-chain carbohydrates in processed grains and cereals". Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 24, n. 2 (21 febbraio 2011): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01139.x.

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39

Dhanjal, Noorpreet I., Siddharth Sharma e N. Tejo Prakash. "Quantification and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Selenium from Osborne Fractions of Selenium-Rich Cereal Grains". Cereal Chemistry Journal 93, n. 4 (luglio 2016): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cchem-10-15-0199-r.

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Lee, Jin Hwan. "Identification and quantification of anthocyanins from the grains of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties". Food Science and Biotechnology 19, n. 2 (aprile 2010): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-010-0055-5.

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41

Anjos Barros, Nara Vanessa dos, Bruna Barbosa de Abreu, Débora Thaís Sampaio da Silva, Ana Karine de Oliveira Soares, Maurisrael de Moura Rocha e Regilda Saraiva dos Reis Moreira-Araújo. "Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Grains of Biofortified Cowpea Cultivars, Before and After Cooking". Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190925123800.

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Objective: This study aimed to identify and quantify phenolic compounds in the grains of biofortified cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars before and after cooking. Methods: We analyzed two cultivars of genetically improved cowpeas, namely BRS Aracê and BRS Tumucumaque. Raw and cooked samples of the cultivars were analyzed (in triplicate). The concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and flavanols, as well as the antioxidant activity, were determined. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Grains of cultivar BRS Tumucumaque had higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds before (297.23 ± 4.24 (mean ± standard deviation) mg/100 g) and after (147.15 ± 6.94 mg/100 g) cooking, and higher concentrations of total flavonoids before (49.36 ± 2.02 mg/100 g) and after (23.97± 0.67 mg/100 g) cooking. Anthocyanins were not measured in the grains of either cultivars. There was a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of total flavanols after cooking, with the greater retention in BRS Aracê. Similarly, the antioxidant activity was significantly reduced after cooking, with greater reductions in BRS Tumucumaque than in BRS Aracê. Five phenolic acids were identified and quantified, including gallic, caffeic, and ferulic acids. Conclusion: We conclude that cooking affected the concentrations of phenolic compounds in the cultivars, as well as the antioxidant activity exhibited by these cultivars. The cultivars contained beneficial compounds that can contribute to disease prevention and health maintenance.

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42

Ismail, Ahmed Mahmoud, Muhammad Hassan Raza, Naseem Zahra, Rafiq Ahmad, Yasar Sajjad e Sabaz Ali Khan. "Aflatoxins in Wheat Grains: Detection and Detoxification through Chemical, Physical, and Biological Means". Life 14, n. 4 (22 aprile 2024): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14040535.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an essential food crop in terms of consumption as well as production. Aflatoxin exposure has a widespread public health impact in economically developing nations, so there is a need to establish preventive techniques for these high-risk populations. Pre-harvest and post-harvest practices are the two strategies used to control aflatoxin contamination, which include the use of genetically modified crops that show resistance against Aspergillus infection, the use of pesticides, changing the planting and harvesting time of crops, and physical, chemical, and biological methods. In this research, aflatoxin detection and quantification were performed in different wheat varieties to determine quantitative differences in comparison to the European Commission’s limit of 4 ppb aflatoxins in wheat. TLC for qualitative and the ELISA kit method for quantitative analysis of aflatoxins were used. Out of 56 samples, 35 were found contaminated with aflatoxins, while the remaining 21 samples did not show any presence of aflatoxins. Out of the 35 contaminated samples, 20 samples showed aflatoxin contamination within the permissible limit, while the remaining 15 samples showed aflatoxin concentration beyond the permissible level, ranging from 0.49 to 20.56 ppb. After quantification, the nine highly contaminated wheat samples were detoxified using physical, chemical, and biological methods. The efficiency of these methods was assessed, and they showed a significant reduction in aflatoxins of 53–72%, 79–88%, and 80–88%, respectively. In conclusion, the difference in aflatoxin concentration in different wheat varieties could be due to genetic variations. Furthermore, biological treatment could be the method of choice for detoxification of aflatoxins in wheat as it greatly reduced the aflatoxin concentration with no harmful effect on the quality of the grains.

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43

Quesada-Molina, José Pablo, e Stefano Mariani. "A Deep Learning-Based Approach to Uncertainty Quantification for Polysilicon MEMS". Engineering Proceedings 4, n. 1 (14 aprile 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micromachines2021-09556.

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The path towards miniaturization for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) has recently increased the effects of stochastic variability at the (sub)micron scale on the overall performance of the devices. We recently proposed and designed an on-chip testing device to characterize two sources of variability that majorly affect the scattering in response to the external actions of inertial (statically determinate) micromachines: the morphology of the polysilicon film constituting the movable parts of the device, and the environment-affected over-etch linked to the microfabrication process. A fully stochastic model of the entire device has been set to account for these two sources on the measurable response of the devices, e.g., in terms of the relevant C-V curves up to pull-in. A complexity in the mentioned model is represented by the need to assess the stochastic (local) stiffness of polysilicon, depending on its unknown (local) microstructure. In this work, we discuss a deep learning approach to the micromechanical characterization of polysilicon films, based on densely connected neural networks (NNs). Such NNs extract relevant features of the polysilicon morphology from SEM-like Voronoi tessellation-based digital microstructures. The NN-based model or surrogate is shown to correctly catch size effects at a varying ratio between the characteristic size of the structural components of the device, and the morphology-induced length scale of the aggregate of silicon grains. This property of the model looks to indeed be necessary to prove the generalization capability of the learning process, and to next feed Monte Carlo simulations resting on the model of the entire device.

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Wieringa, P. A., H. G. Stassen, J. D. Laird e J. A. Spaan. "Quantification of arteriolar density and embolization by microspheres in rat myocardium". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 254, n. 4 (1 aprile 1988): H636—H650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.4.h636.

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We developed a technique for in vitro determination of arteriolar densities. Hearts, obtained from anesthetized rats and perfused by the Langendorff method, were fully dilated with adenosine and were arrested with an elevated potassium concentration. After a stabilization period, the hearts were perfused with a buffered fixative for some minutes to obtain a nonvital vasculature. After fixation, perfusion was switched back to control for some minutes. The hearts were then perfused with a medium containing a low concentration of microspheres: either pollen grains [Urtica dioica (15.4 microns), Betula (23.5 microns), or Phleum pratense (36.5 microns)] or polystyrene microspheres (15 microns). The perfusion was switched back to the standard medium after flow had been reduced to between 83 and 57% of control flow. Microscopic observations of microsections revealed that the percentages of arterioles embolized by one microsphere were 64% for the 15.4-microns, 74% for the 15-microns, 78% for the 23.5-microns, and 72% for the 36.5-microns microspheres. The percentages of arterioles embolized with two microspheres were 20, 15, 15, and 16%, respectively. The arteriolar densities were calculated from the total fractional reduction in coronary flow, the amount of microspheres injected, the wet heart weight, and the degree of occupancy, which corrects for the multiple embolization of the arterioles. The arteriolar densities in the rat hearts were 162.4 +/- 54.9 mg-1 (N = 6) for polystyrene microspheres of 15 microns, 161.5 +/- 81.1 mg-1 (N = 15) for 15.4-microns microspheres, 31.6 +/- 7.8 mg-1 (N = 9) for 23.5-microns microspheres, and 13.0 +/- 2.4 mg-1 (N = 8) for 36.5-microns microspheres.

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Fan, Zhaoqi, Daoyong Yang e Xiaoli Li. "Quantification of Sand Production Using a Pressure-Gradient-Based Sand-Failure Criterion". SPE Journal 24, n. 03 (11 marzo 2019): 988–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185009-pa.

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Summary Cold heavy-oil production with sand (CHOPS) has been one of the major recovery processes for developing unconsolidated heavy-oil reservoirs by taking advantage of sand production and foamy-oil flow. However, effective characterization and accurate prediction of sand production is still a challenge. In this work, a pressure-gradient-based sand-failure criterion is proposed for quantifying sand production and characterizing wormhole propagation. The proposed sand-failure criterion was initially developed at the pore-scale level, while a pseudointeraction force between two neighboring sand grains was proposed to implicitly represent the potential contributions of cementation and geomechanical stresses to the fluidization of sand. The criterion was then extended to a grid scale within a wormhole because the pressure gradient is constant at either a pore scale or a grid scale. With the bottomhole pressure being an input constraint, the proposed sand-failure criterion was validated with good agreement by reproducing production profiles and wormhole propagation from laboratory experiments and a CHOPS well in the Cold Lake Oil Sands Area. This was a confirmation that the proposed sand-failure criterion can be used to characterize the sand production in a CHOPS process.

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Bates, J., C. A. Petrie e R. N. Singh. "Cereals, calories and change: exploring approaches to quantification in Indus archaeobotany". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 10, n. 7 (10 aprile 2017): 1703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0489-2.

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Abstract Several major cereal groups have been identified as staples used by the pre-urban, urban and post-urban phase populations of the Indus Civilisation (3200–1500 BCE): wheat, barley, a range of small hulled millets and also rice, though their proportional exploitation is variable across space and over time. Traditional quantification methods examine the frequency, intensity and proportionality of the use of these crops and help ascertain the ‘relative importance’ of these cereals for Indus populations. However, this notion of ‘importance’ is abstracted from the daily lives of the people using these crops and may be biased by the differential production (as well as archaeological survival) of individual cereals. This paper outlines an alternative approach to quantifying Indus cereals by investigating proportions of calories. Cereals are predominantly composed of carbohydrates and therefore provided much of the daily caloric intake among many late Holocene farming populations. The four major cereal groups cultivated by Indus farmers, however, vary greatly in terms of calories per grain, and this has an impact on their proportional input to past diets. This paper demonstrates that, when converted to proportions of calories, the perceived ‘importance’ of cereals from five Indus sites changes dramatically, reducing the role of the previously dominant small hulled millet species and elevating the role of Triticoid grains. Although other factors will also have affected how a farmer perceived the role and importance of a crop, including its ecological tolerances, investments required to grow it, and the crop’s role in the economy, this papers suggests that some consideration of what cereals meant in terms of daily lives is needed alongside the more abstracted quantification methods that have traditionally been applied.

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Hlobil, Michal. "DISTRIBUTION OF HYDRATION PRODUCTS IN THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CEMENT PASTES". Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 27 (11 giugno 2020): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.27.0084.

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This case study focuses on the quantification of the amorphous hydrate distribution in the microstructure of hardened cement paste. Microtomographic scans of the hardenend cement paste were thresholded based on histogram image analysis combined with microstructural composition obtained from CEMHYD3D hydration model, to separate unhydrated cement grains, crystalline and amorphous hydrates, and capillary pores. The observed spatial distribution of the amorphous hydrate exhibited a strong spatial gradient as the amorphous gel tended to concentrate around dissolving cement grains rather than precipitate uniformly in the available space. A comparative numerical study was carried out to highlight the effect of the spatially (non)uniform hydrate distribution on the compressive strength of the hardened cement paste.

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KURUC, JULIE, JUSTIN HEGSTAD, HYUN JUNG LEE, KRISTIN SIMONS, DOJIN RYU e CHARLENE WOLF-HALL. "Infestation and Quantification of Ochratoxigenic Fungi in Barley and Wheat Naturally Contaminated with Ochratoxin A". Journal of Food Protection 78, n. 7 (1 luglio 2015): 1350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-578.

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Cereal grains are a significant source of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the human diet. Multiple ochratoxigenic Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. have been reported as contaminants on various cereal grains around the world, although relatively few species dominate in any given location. Efforts to mitigate the risk of fungal contamination and OTA accumulation can be made pre- and postharvest. Still, a rapid and reliable screening method is sought that can be used to predict the OTA level of a sample and to inform risk assessments prior to processing. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of two OTA-related indices for OTA level prediction. Infestation rates were determined by direct plating for freshly harvested and stored barley, durum, and hard red spring wheat samples (n = 139) with known OTA levels. Presumptive ochratoxigenic isolates were tested for their ability to produce OTA. The nonribosomal peptide synthase (otanpsPN) involved in OTA biosynthesis was used to quantify ochratoxigenic fungi in barley and wheat. Viable Penicillium verrucosum was present in 45% of the samples. In total, 62.7% (n = 110) of the P. verrucosum isolates tested produced OTA on dichloran yeast extract sucrose 18% glycerol agar. Both OTA level and infestation rate (r = 0.30), as well as OTA level and otanpsPN concentration (r = 0.56), were weakly correlated. Neither infestation rate nor otanpsPN concentration is a reliable predictor of OTA level in a sample.

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Carpigo, Eva. "La revanche de la graisse ?" Techniques & culture, n. 65-66 (31 ottobre 2016): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/tc.7899.

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Neuville, M., C. Taillé, M. P. Debray, M. Aubier e B. Crestani. "Nécrose de la graisse médiastinale". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 32, n. 3 (marzo 2015): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2014.05.008.

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