Articoli di riviste: "Pyrotechnic devices"

1

Rossi, Carole, e Ruiqi Shen. "Miniaturized Pyrotechnic Systems Meet the Performance Needs While Limiting the Environmental Impact". Micromachines 13, n. 3 (26 febbraio 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030376.

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Pyrotechnic systems, also termed pyrotechnics, refer to a broad family of sophisticated single-use devices that are able to produce heat, light, smoke, sound, motion, and/or a combination of these thanks to the reaction of an energetic material (primary and secondary explosives, powders/propellants, and other pyrotechnic substances) [...]

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Kim, Bae-Seong, e Juho Lee. "Development of Impact Test Device for Pyroshock Simulation Using Impact Analysis". Aerospace 9, n. 8 (28 luglio 2022): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9080407.

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Pyrotechnic-separation devices are widely used in the separation mission of satellites and projectiles. The pyroshock generated by the pyrotechnic-separation device can cause serious damage to surrounding electronic equipment owing to its high-frequency characteristics, which leads to mission failure. Therefore, solving the pyroshock problem is necessary. Typically, attenuation of the pyroshock propagation based on the understanding of the shock-propagation characteristics of a structure is possible. However, as pyrotechnics (or explosives) cannot be used for every pyroshock-propagation experiment due to the high cost and risk, a device for simulating a pyroshock environment that does not use pyrotechnics is required. In this study, a pyroshock simulator was developed, which could generate the desired shock environment by controlling shock environment-generation variables and be tested for any test structure. For this purpose, a resonator attached to the test structure and a pneumatic launch device was designed and fabricated. A resonator that generates a desired shock environment was designed by predicting the shock generation through impact analysis. A pyroshock simulator that generates a shock like an actual pyroshock was developed through comparison with the shock-response spectrum of a pyrotechnic initiator. The repeatability was verified, and the frequency and magnitude of the shock generated by the pyroshock simulator could be controlled by adjusting the collision velocity of the steel ball and the thickness of the resonator disk.

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Zhu, Yubo, Jili Rong, Qianqiang Song e Zhipei Wu. "Research on Reliability Evaluation Method of Aerospace Pyrotechnic Devices Based on Energy Measurement". Applied Sciences 10, n. 22 (19 novembre 2020): 8200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228200.

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High reliability is the basic requirement of aerospace pyrotechnic devices. Traditional reliability evaluation methods require a lot of tests, which become too expensive; therefore, the small-sample evaluation method is needed to reduce the cost. Using energy as a performance parameter can better reflect the essence of the function of the pyrotechnic device compared to using force. Firstly, this article assumes that the strength obeys the normal distribution, and the stress is a constant; therefore, the reliability evaluation formula based on the t distribution is proposed. Then, taking the pin puller as the research object, four sets of energy measuring devices were developed so as to obtain its performance parameters. Finally, the evaluation results show that the pin puller has a high reliability of 0.9999999765 with a confidence level of 0.995. The reliability method proposed in this paper is a small-sample method for evaluating aerospace pyrotechnic devices, which can greatly reduce the cost of reliability evaluation. Moreover, the energy measuring devices developed in this paper can provide a new way of measuring performance parameters for piston-type pyrotechnic devices.

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Himelblau, Harry. "Pyrotechnic devices and their applications". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, n. 5 (2002): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777943.

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Geibig, Alfred. "Pyrotechnic Devices from Coburg Castle". Royal Armouries Yearbook 6, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2001): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/30650682.2001.12426707.

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Warchoł, Radosław, Marcin Nita e Rafał Bazela. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATING PARAMETERS OF PYROTECHNIC DELAY DEVICES". PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA, n. 4 (2 marzo 2017): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0481.

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The paper analyses information available in literature on factors influencing the parameters of pyrotechnic delay devices (PDD). The literature includes research and development reports of mostly foreign origin. The main component of PDDs is a pyrotechnic delay charge (PDC) which may consist of one or more pyrotechnic delay mixtures (PDM). The use of appropriate PDM and maintaining its required parameters during service life decides about its usefulness for the ordnance. The paper describes the factors affecting the operation of PDDs. These factors are divided into internal ones, closely related to the structure of PDDs, and external ones. Described factors affecting the operation of PDDs were additionally illustrated by test results. Collected information can be useful for people involved in designing and testing the PDDs.

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Volkov, M. V. "Modernization of the electromechanical equipment the trigger device: description of the design and testing". Spacecrafts & Technologies 5, n. 3 (24 settembre 2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/j.st.2021.3.02.

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At present, modern spacecraft use high-precision equipment that is sensitive to influence impacts. In this regard, there is a need to create shock-free trigger devices for mechanisms for holding and releasing movable structural elements. These tasks determined the vector of development of electromechanical trigger devices that do not contain pyrotechnic devices in their design. Along with the new tasks, there are constant problems of rocket and space technology – the improvement of mass-dimensional characteristics. However, pyrotechnic elements force the use of massive housings and brackets for structures that can withstand a sharp increase in pressure and the impact of the executive parts. The use of universal pyropatrons does not always allow optimizing the design of the retention mechanism. Also, one of the disadvantages of working with pyrotechnic media is the increased risk of working. The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of modernizing the design of trigger devices, improving their mechanical and electrical characteristics. The research was carried out using calculated and experimental methods, and experimental samples of trigger devices were manufactured and released. As a result of the work, an upgraded trigger device was developed, better electrical characteristics were achieved, power consumption was reduced (the response time was reduced), mass-dimensional characteristics were improved, and the number of structural parts was reduced.

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Tóth, Nikolett Ágnes, e Lajos Móró. "Szurkolói rendbontások a stadionokban, különös tekintettel a pirotechnikai eszközök alkalmazására". Belügyi Szemle 73, n. 1 (21 gennaio 2025): 127–42. https://doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2025.v73.i1.pp127-142.

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Aim: The study examines the provision of spectator team sports, with particular reference to football matches. Unfortunately, the use of pyrotechnic devices is popular among fans attending spectator team sports matches all over the world, but the use of pyrotechnic devices poses extreme safety risks. Therefore, the authors undertook to collect the regulatory norms and proposals for preventive measures that have become necessary to reduce the phenomenon over the years. Methodology: The study collects the past aspects together with the defining events of the present. As a research method, the authors primarily use the processing of sports law and sports police literature and professional experience gained in connection with the use of pyrotechnic devices. Findings: As a result of the research, the authors make findings on the application of innovative legal, technical, technological and law enforcement tools and methods that can help football sports events be conducted even safer. Value: There has not yet been a summary study on the topic that presents the past, present and future of the use of pyrotechnic devices in one study. The summary shows a current action that will have a major impact on security issues.

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Dong, Xiao Tong, e Yi Jiang. "Study on Mechanical Materials with Overview of Connection and Separation Devices". Advanced Materials Research 788 (settembre 2013): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.590.

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Different kinds of mechanical materials in connection and separation devices have been widely used in spacecraft engineering and keep on innovating and improving. Pyrotechnic and non-pyrotechnic devices have their own advantages and drawbacks and the application of new materials such as SMA (shape memory alloy) and low-melting point materials has become a new and striving issue. Different kinds of connection and separation devices and their prime mechanical materials will be presented in details in this paper.

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Герасимов, С. И., В. И. Ерофеев, А. В. Зубанков, В. А. Кикеев, Е. Г. Косяк, П. Г. Кузнецов e В. В. Писецкий. "Применение индукционных датчиков в исследованиях быстропротекающих процессов". Журнал технической физики 90, n. 8 (2020): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.08.49550.365-19.

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When testing on a rocket track, one of the most difficult problems is the system for controlling and launching pyrotechnic devices at a given coordinate. The way of start-up and device for its implementation, is intended to provide actuation of pyrotechnic means during acceleration of the rocket trains on the rails rocket catapult track to hypersonic speeds with ejection test subject in free flight. The method is based on the principle of generating current pulses for triggering pyrotechnic devices of moving stages of a rocket train using induction sensors. The same principle makes it possible to implement a non-contact method for starting recording systems and a device for measuring the average speed of a thrown object in continuous media. The method is based on the principle of generating triggering signals (rectangular pulses of positive polarity) for starting the recording equipment with synchronization of the launch along the path in a given coordinate and measuring the speed of the object being thrown at the time of its passage through the measuring section. The methods of starting recording systems and the results obtained as a result of hydrodynamic and terradynamic experiments are presented.

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ROFF, M. W., L. K. GRIFFITHS, N. GOBEAU, P. D. JOHNSON, D. PICKERING, D. A. RIMMER, C. J. SAUNDERS e J. P. WHEELER. "Characteristics of Pesticide Pyrotechnic Smoke Devices". Annals of Occupational Hygiene 50, n. 7 (19 settembre 2006): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mel064.

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Kelly, PJ, e SF Tinston. "Pyrotechnic devices by unbalanced magnetron sputtering". Vacuum 45, n. 5 (maggio 1994): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(94)90243-7.

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Radeanu, Cristian, Gabriel Vasilescu, Daniela Rus, Ladislau Radermacher e Claudius Popescu. "Evaluation of the safety quality of automotive pyrotechnic articles following their exposure to triaxial vibrations with predetermined thermal conditioning cycles". MATEC Web of Conferences 389 (2024): 00054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202438900054.

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Pyrotechnic articles fall into the field of dangerous products, Risk Class 1 - explosives, thus requiring the assurance of their security quality in order to make them available on the market. The family of pyrotechnic articles also includes pyrotechnic articles for vehicles. The main types of pyrotechnic articles intended for vehicles are: actuators (triggers), airbag gas generators, airbag modules, igniters, micro gas generators, semifinished products and seat belt pretensioners safety. Since pyrotechnic articles for vehicles are only used in the composition of security devices in vehicles, they must meet the essential security requirements, being subjected to trials and tests based on harmonized standards for this field. The paper highlights the results of the experimental tests that were obtained using the latest generation specialized equipment intended for the determination of the triaxial vibration parameter and under conditions of variable temperature with predetermined cycles, in order to evaluate the security quality of pyrotechnic articles intended for automobiles (pyrotechnic actuator for automotive use, seat belt pre-tensioner) included in category P1.

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Nguyen Van Tinh, Dam Quang Sang, Hoang Khac Hoang e Nguyen Van Hieu. "The effect of several factors on energy characteristicsand burning of pyrotechnic compositions based on silic and trilead tetraoxide in some pyrotechnic devices". Journal of Military Science and Technology, IPE (14 ottobre 2024): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.ipe.2024.184-188.

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Pyrotechnic ignition is one of the important parts of the delay timing devices found in fuses and rockets to provide operational reliability according to technical requirements. In this study, the burning rate and some energy characteristics of the pyrotechnic ignition were described. The research results showed that pyrotechnic compositions containing 85.0% Pb3O4, 15.0% Si, and 1.0% NC (over 100%) had a high and stable burning rate (109.0 mm/s) and good ignition ability.

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Yang, Yifan, Sanchun Lin, Yanshou Luo, Yubing Yu e Heng Yang. "Design and Analysis of Buffer Device for Interstage Pyrotechnic Separation". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2569, n. 1 (1 agosto 2023): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2569/1/012014.

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Abstract Buffer device for interstage pyrotechnic separation is the key part to achieving electrical connector plug separation. This paper carries out research on the buffer structure in different working conditions and finally designs two kinds of buffer devices, which are respectively applied to the stage separation structure of large mass SLMB (Shingle-Like Mass Blocks) and the stage separation structure of the small mass SLMB. Both can control the energy absorption size of the device through structural parameters to adapt to different working conditions. Compared with the original structure, the buffer effect after optimization is very obvious. The time domain peak value and frequency domain peak value of the buffering device suitable for small mass SLMB are reduced by 79.90% and 85.67%, respectively. The buffering device suitable for large mass SLMB changes the energy absorption mode of the buffering structure, and the steel cable structure will not break. Compared with the original structure loaded with small mass SLMB, the response in the time domain and frequency domain also decreased. The application range of buffer devices for interstage pyrotechnic separation is greatly expanded.

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Bement, Laurence J., e Herbert A. Multhaup. "Determining Functional Reliability of Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices". AIAA Journal 37, n. 3 (marzo 1999): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.737.

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Bement, Laurence J., e Herbert A. Multhaup. "Determining functional reliability of pyrotechnic mechanical devices". AIAA Journal 37 (gennaio 1999): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.14173.

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Hu, Dike, Hua Wang, Zijie Huang e Wangqiang Xiao. "Research on impact reduction of flexible boundary particle damping honeycomb plate based on discrete element multi body dynamics coupling". Electronic Research Archive 31, n. 10 (2023): 6303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2023319.

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<abstract> <p>The exposed platform is the main component of precision instruments such as pyrotechnic separation devices and load adapters, and its dynamic response characteristics are a key factor affecting the stability of aircraft. When the pyrotechnic separation device explodes, the exposed platform will be subjected to high-frequency, transient and high-order pyrotechnic impacts. High order pyrotechnic impacts can easily cause damage to sensitive components in onboard equipment, resulting in incalculable losses. Filling the honeycomb core cavity inside the exposed platform with a flexible boundary particle damper can effectively attenuate the pyrotechnic impact load after experiencing a large number of discontinuous structures. A numerical model of a flexible boundary particle damper and an exposed platform honeycomb panel was established through the coupling of discrete element and multi body dynamics. The effects of particle material, particle size, filling rate and flexible boundary film thickness on the impact reduction performance of the flexible boundary particle damper were analyzed, and the optimal characteristic parameters of the flexible boundary particle damper were obtained. The impact test was conducted on the honeycomb panel of the exposed platform using a light gas gun impact experiment, verifying the impact reduction effect of the flexible boundary particle damper and the accuracy of the numerical model. Finally, a pyrotechnic impact experiment was conducted on the exposed platform honeycomb panel with the optimal parameter flexible boundary particle damper. The experimental results showed that the impact reduction effect of the flexible boundary particle damper with this parameter reached 55.52%.</p> </abstract>

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León, David, Isabel Amez, Miloš Radojević, Nebojša Manić, Dragoslava Stojiljković, Aleksandar Milivojević, Javier García-Torrent e Blanca Castells. "Emissions and Fire Risk Assessment of Nitrocellulose as a Sustainable Alternative in Pyrotechnic Compositions". Fire 7, n. 8 (1 agosto 2024): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7080265.

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The use of fireworks as a sign of celebration is a common practice in many countries. During the last few years, this sector has been subjected to various social criticisms that have even led to a ban on their use in different places. One of the main causes is the environmental pollution they generate, due to emissions from combustion reactions associated with the use of pyrotechnic devices. Nitrate ester-based compounds as propellants are used in other solid rockets such as ammunition, but their use in pyrotechnics is currently limited to a small number of fireworks. This research analyses the substitution of black powder with nitrocellulose ([C6H7(NO2)3O5]n) as a propellant for aerial articles, as well as to the use of nitrocellulose as a perchlorate-free compound. In addition to achieving better clarity effects due to less smoke, the use of nitrocellulose reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, this nitrogen-rich compound is more unstable, and the ignition sensitivity is higher. Therefore, the benefits and risks associated with this alternative compound need to be evaluated, but the evidence shown suggests a promising direction for the sustainable evolution of pyrotechnic compositions.

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Ren, Mingfa, Fei Weng, Jing Sun, Zhifeng Zhang, Zhiguo Ma e Tong Li. "Numerical and Experimental Failure Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Based Pyrotechnic Separation Device". International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (7 gennaio 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2180927.

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Current pyrotechnic separation devices are mainly made of metal materials, limiting the capacity of lightweight design in advanced launching vehicles. With the outstanding mechanical properties, such as high mass-specific strength and modulus, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have the potential to replace metal materials in pyrotechnic seperaton devices. However, to improve the seperation reliability of these pyrotechnic separation devices, there still needs further understanding on the the failure mode of CFRP composites under linear shaped charge (LSC). In this paper, cutting tests were carried out on CFRPs for the failure analysis of CFRPs under LSC, and nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to characterize the evolution of LSC cutting in CFRPs. According to experimental simulation and numerical simulation, it can be found that the three main failure modes in CERPs while subjected to LSC jet are shear failure, delamination failure, and tensile failure. In the early cutting stage, the initial time of damage of the fiber and the matrix near the shaped charge shows less difference and the laminate is directly separated by the energy of high-speed jet. When the jet velocity decreases, the jet morphology collapses and matrix damages precede into the fiber, which would cause tensile failure mode of CFRPs. Meanwhile, the delamination in low jet speed stages is larger than that in the high jet speed stages. These studies on the failure modes of CFRPs under LSC provide important basis for the future design of CFRP-based pyrotechnic separation devices, which is important to the lightweight design of launching vehicles.

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Pulpea, Gheorghe Bogdan. "Aspects Regarding The Development Of Pyrotechnic Obscurant Systems For Visible And Infrared Protection Of Military Vehicles". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, n. 3 (1 giugno 2015): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0123.

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Abstract During the last decades, the military combat vehicles and trucks were equipped with various weapon systems and laser rangefinders, optical devices and sighting equipment. The military vehicles were thus upgraded, so they become a more attractive target for enemy fire. Since ballistic armour cannot and will never completely protect vehicles against kinetic or explosive ammunitions, various pyrotechnic countermeasure systems such as smoke screening, were designed and implemented. Generating smoke screens or flares in the desired area (around the combat armoured vehicles) is a concern of many manufacturers of pyrotechnic protection systems, aiming to protect against detection in the visual (VIS) and infrared (IR) spectrum. The goal of this article is to present a brief state-of-the-art regarding the development of pyrotechnic smoke camouflage systems and flares used to ensure countermeasures in the visible and infrared electromagnetic spectrum. Types of pyrotechnic systems and structures for the protection of military vehicles will be described briefly.

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Ma, Hongliang, Yuanyuan Xue e Guofu Yin. "Simulation Study on Output Characteristics of Pyrotechnic Devices in Deep Water Environment". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, n. 5 (1 dicembre 2024): 052028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/5/052028.

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Abstract In order to study the output characteristics and influencing factors of pyrotechnic devices for weapons and equipment in deep-water environments, a simulation model of the action process of the model separation bolt under water load was established, and the changes of separation velocity and displacement of the pyrotechnic device with different variables were calculated with propellant charge, water depth and load shape as variables. The results indicate that, With the increase of propellant charge, the separation velocity of the separation bolt gradually increased, and the maximum separation velocity rise rate increased. With the increase of water depth, the velocity attenuation accelerates with the decrease of velocity, and the maximum velocity at 10 m depth is 74 m/s larger than that at 5000 m depth, and the displacement at 3 ms is about 150 times. After 5 ms, the reduction of spherical, conical and cylindrical load velocity increased sequentially, and the decrease of cylindrical load speed was 10 times that of spherical shape.

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Golovatenko, V. D. "Using the group analysis transfer operator in the method of similarity for studying the fuel combustion process in engines". Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, n. 3 (24 ottobre 2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2021-3-90-97.

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In this paper, we study modelling of the process of combustion of small quantities of a pyrotechnic mixture based on potassium perchlorate and aluminium powder in impulse devices (engines). The analysis of combustion processes includes an introduced general criterion (prime criterion) of similarity composed of Wobbe numbers that are determined for the engine and its model in the course of theoretical studies or experiments. Research data show that the transfer operator in the field of group theory is mostly used for describing the process of combustion of metallized pyrotechnic mixtures.

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Womack, James M. "Computing Risk of Pyrotechnic Devices Using Lot Acceptance Testing". Military Operations Research 26, n. 3 (1 settembre 2021): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5711/1082598326373.

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Gheorghiosu, Edward, Emilian Ghicioi, Attila Kovacs, Ciprian Jitea, Stefan Ilici e Cristian Cioara. "Monitoring the Behaviour of Fireworks to Vibrations and the Establishment of the Mechanical Conditioning Influence". Applied Mechanics and Materials 430 (settembre 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.430.108.

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Fireworks are devices containing pyrotechnic composition which, upon functioning, will burn and/or explode to produce a visual or aural effect or movement, or a combination of such effects, intended as a direct form of entertainment.

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Popa, Narcis, Anton Darsy, Dan Pintilie, Denisa Tudor, Carla Enache e Gabriel Vasilescu. "Computerized Assessment of Integrated Site Risk Specific to Industrial Infrastructures of Explosives, Taking Acts of Maliciousness Into Consideration". Mining Revue 29, n. 2 (1 giugno 2023): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2023-0014.

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Abstract The general safety rules applicable to high-risk industrial sites are based on both the 4 principles of working safely with explosive substances (knowing the risks, separating the risks, limiting the risks and overlapping safety devices), as well as the specific characteristics of the general and particular reports of explosion safety, together with the technical aspects related to the possible causes of explosion, the effects of explosion and safety distances, the protection against accidental triggering of the explosion, as well as the security in the field of explosive powders and pyrotechnic systems highlighting the limits related to the principle of pyrotechnic safety (knowledge, prevention and limitation of pyrotechnic risk). The scientific article offers an original perspective of solving the problem in the field of explosion risk generated when explosive materials are involved, taking into account acts of ill-will, using the working facilities of some dedicated software for its analysis and evaluation, and the results obtained are expressed in a technical manner integrated within the specialized IT application TERRORISK.EXE 01.

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Lichorobiec, Stanislav, e Lucia Figuli. "Shaped-Cumulative Charge as a Pyrotechnic Mean for a Pipe Bomb Deactivation". Key Engineering Materials 755 (settembre 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.755.65.

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The aim of solved problem is a development of a new invasive means for improvised explosive devices deactivation. The idea is a quick and reliable disposal of improvised explosive device with construction system as a tube bombe. Such tube bomb has to be deactivated, dismantled and to do not explode. The development of shaped – cumulative charge was conceptually solved in a way to pushed down metal end caps of the tube bomb, to pick up explosive with a detonating fuse and to prevent from its explosion. Dismantled parts put to forensic test, for the improvised explosive device constructer revelation.

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Gonsales, A. A. V., K. A. Karnaukhov, T. S. Malishchuk e Yu V. Popov. "Design and Production Technology Features of the Domed Solid Fuel Gas Generators with Single-Stage Response of the Vehicle Passive Safety System". Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, n. 1 (144) (marzo 2023): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2023-1-67-79.

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Airbag pyrotechnic gas generators occupy a key position in the vehicle passive safety system with all the importance of the other components. Despite the abundance of various types of the airbags, single-stage pyrotechnic gas generators for the driver and passenger airbags are most interesting to the domestic vehicles manufacturers due to the budget cars leading positions in the domestic market. For proprietary design, development and production of the airbag gas generators, it is necessary to combine efforts of specialists in the chemical industry and in general engineering. At the same time, it should not be forgotten that production of the pyrotechnic airbag gas generators is subject to strict national and international regulation. Therefore, comprehensive system analysis of the pyrotechnic gas generators design by foreign manufactures used in the modern vehicles becomes important and necessary to form scientific and technical base for design and development of the proprietary commercial gas generators and localizing the full cycle of mass production of such devices in the territory of the Russian Federation. General classification of the airbag gas generators is provided, key features of the product design and production technologies for the main components of the dome-shaped solid fuel gas generator with a single-stage airbag response are considered, and technological schemes of the assembly processes and basic assembly operations are analyzed using the example of gas generators of different generations. Results of the study are of interest to the automotive industry specialists

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Garaliu-Bușoi, Bogdan, Ștefan Ilici, Aurelian Nicola, Claudius Popescu e Dan Pintilie. "Evaluation of the effects produced by triggering pyrotechnic articles for automotive use by exposure to various hazardous external stimuli". MATEC Web of Conferences 389 (2024): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202438900021.

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The object of the evaluation of the risk factors that may lead to the accidental initiation of the semi-finished products containing pyrotechnic articles in the process of handling / use / storage / transport is represented by the estimation and assessment of the risk of initiation / detonation of pyrotechnic devices, based on the quantification of the dangers specific to the operations with these types of products, carried out in various phases of the technological flow, used in the manufacture of electrical circuit breakage subassemblies in motor vehicles. Protection against detonation due to accidental initiation is of particular interest to safety because these detonations endanger the life and health of workers as a result of the uncontrollable effects of deflagration and pressure, the presence of toxic reaction products and the consumption of oxygen from ambient air, which workers must inspire. Accidental initiation / detonation of the pyrotechnic actuator can occur by exposing it to the following dangerous external stimuli: electrostatic charge/electrical discharge – with a potential greater than 25 kV; stray currents when passing a current of 0.4 A through the two actuator initiation pins; temperature – higher than 165 ⁰ C; mechanical shock.

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Choi, Mijin, Jung-Ryul Lee e Cheol-Won Kong. "Development of a Numerical Model for an Expanding Tube with Linear Explosive Using AUTODYN". Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/436156.

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Pyrotechnic devices have been employed in satellite launch vehicle missions, generally for the separation of structural subsystems such as stage and satellite separation. Expanding tubes are linear explosives enclosed by an oval steel tube and have been widely used for pyrotechnic joint separation systems. A numerical model is proposed for the prediction of the proper load of an expanding tube using a nonlinear dynamic analysis code, AUTODYN 2D and 3D. To compute a proper core load, numerical models of the open-ended steel tube and mild detonating tube encasing a high explosive were developed and compared with experimental results. 2D and 3D computational results showed good correlation with ballistic test results. The model will provide more flexibility in expanding tube design, leading to economic benefits in the overall expanding tube development procedure.

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Cheong, Hae-Won, Sung-Ho Kang, Kiyoul Kim, Jang-Hyeon Cho, Byungtae Ryu e Seung-Su Baek. "Performance Analysis of Pyrotechnic Devices on the Reliability of Thermal Batteries". Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 23, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2019): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2019.23.1.116.

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32

Lee, Junwoo, Kyoungwon Choi, Seung Un Ryu, Gil Hwan Ahn, Jong Gyu Paik, Byungtae Ryu e Yong Sun Won. "Aging Mechanism of Zirconium Potassium Perchlorate Charge in Pyrotechnic Mechanical Devices". Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 10, n. 5 (1 maggio 2018): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2018.2660.

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33

Kelly, P. J., S. F. Tinston e R. D. Arnell. "The deposition and analysis of pyrotechnic devices deposited by magnetron sputtering". Surface and Coatings Technology 60, n. 1-3 (ottobre 1993): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(93)90160-p.

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34

Ostrik, Afanasy, Dmitry Nikolaev, Vladimir Bakulin e Irina Bugay. "Explosive technologies for testing composite constructions of aircraft for strength to heat-power non-stationary loading". MATEC Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236201019.

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Sets of explosive and heating devices for experimental study of strength of composite constructions of aircraft against complex thermal and mechanical action of radiation and particles fluxes of different physical nature are considered. Two new explosive devices for generating low-pulse loads of microsecond duration are proposed. Devices based on thermoelectric heating elements, conductive plates and pyrotechnic compositions applied to the surface of the tested structure have been developed to simulate thermal action of radiation and particles fluxes. A universal test bench using these sets of devices has been developed. This test bench allows testing the strength of composite constructions to the joint action of thermal and mechanical loads having given space-time distributions.

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35

Boliubash, Yevhen. "Experimental Determination of the Focal Distance of Cumulative Pyrotechnic Device in Launch Vehicle Separation System". Tehnički glasnik 19, n. 1 (7 febbraio 2025): 142–49. https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20240516182956.

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Pyrotechnic devices are widely used in modern aerospace engineering. One of the most effective types of pyrotechnic devices for performing obstacle separation operations in aerospace engineering is linear shaped charges. The penetration efficiency of the cumulative jet into a metal plate varies depending on the distance to the obstacle, i.e., on the focal distance. The focal distance is a key design parameter, therefore its study is extremely important for the development of effective systems. The article presents a methodology for conducting experimental research and the results of experimental research to determine the optimal focal distance for setting a linear shaped charge with a semicylindrical shaped liner with a diameter of 5 mm on an obstacle made of aluminum alloy 2219. The method for determining the optimal focal distance, the obtained data of the optimal and recommended focal distance are described. The research results provide valuable data for optimizing the mass characteristics of the structure by applying the optimal focal distance parameter for setting the linear shaped charge. This will help in the development of more efficient and reliable separation systems in aerospace engineering. The materials of the article will be useful for scientific and technical workers working on separation processes.

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Koziar, Nazarii, Oksana Kyrychenko, Andrii Khyzhniak e Oleksandr Diadiushenko. "Thermodynamic Calculations of the Main Characteristics of the Combustion Process of Pyrotechnic Nitrate-Metallized Mixtures with Additives of Organic and Inorganic Substances under External Thermal Influences". Defect and Diffusion Forum 437 (7 ottobre 2024): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-c8ct0o.

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The aim of the article is to determine the dependencies of the combustion product temperatures of four-component mixtures, the content of high-temperature condensate, and unoxidized metal on the excess oxidizer coefficient, the number of additives, and external pressure using thermodynamic calculations. Modern methods of physicochemical analysis (such as cinephotography and microcinephotography methods, X-ray analysis methods, non-contact and contact temperature measurement methods), nonlinear thermal conductivity and thermal stability methods, as well as mathematical and experimental-statistical modeling, were employed to investigate the influence of elevated heating temperatures (up to 800 K) and external pressures (up to 107 Pa) on the ignition and combustion processes of pyrotechnic products. Standard pyrotechnic equipment was used to test pyrotechnic product samples under specified conditions. Calculations based on models were conducted in real-time and dialog mode on computer devices that meet modern requirements for the use of specialized software. The results of thermodynamic calculations are presented for the dependencies of combustion product temperatures of multicomponent pyrotechnic mixtures based on powders of metal fuels (magnesium, aluminium), nitrate oxidizer (sodium nitrate), additives of organic and inorganic substances (paraffin, sodium fluoride), and the content of high-temperature condensate and unoxidized metal depending on the excess oxidizer coefficient α = 0.1…4.0, the amount of paraffin additive εp = 0…0.2, sodium fluoride additive εf = 0…0.06, and external pressure P = 105…107 Pa. Based on the obtained results of thermodynamic calculations, statistical models in the form of regression dependencies of the specified combustion characteristics on their technological parameters and external conditions have been developed. These models enable the determination of fire hazardous properties of mixtures in real-time dialog and PC-based scenarios, considering premature initiation of products based on them under external thermal actions.

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Hazel, Terence, Jacques Lavaud e Bruno Leforgeais. "Using Pyrotechnic Current-Limiting Devices: A Case Study of What Went Right". IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 23, n. 5 (settembre 2017): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2016.2600726.

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38

Kim, Dong-seong, e Seung-gyo Jang. "Reliability Verification of Pyrotechnic Devices for Launch Vehicles Based on Bayesian Method". Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 27, n. 3 (30 giugno 2023): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2023.27.3.033.

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39

Li, Chaozhen, Nan Yan, Yaokun Ye, Zhixing Lv, Xiang He, Jinhong Huang e Nan Zhang. "Thermal Analysis and Stability of Boron/Potassium Nitrate Pyrotechnic Composition at 180 °C". Applied Sciences 9, n. 17 (3 settembre 2019): 3630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173630.

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Aerospace missions require that pyrotechnic compositions are able to withstand 180 °C. Therefore, this paper studies the thermal stability and output performance of boron/potassium nitrate (abbreviated BPN) used in pyrotechnic devices. Firstly, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) tests are used to analyze the thermal reaction process of KNO3, boron, and BPN to qualitatively judge their thermal stability. Then, apparent morphology analysis, component analysis, and the p-t curve test, which is the closed bomb test to measure the output power of the pyrotechnic composition, are carried out with BPN samples before and after the high-temperature test to verify BPN stability at 180 °C. The weight change of boron powder caused by chemical reactions occurs above 500 °C. When the temperature is lower than the peak exothermic temperature of decomposition, no obvious chemical reaction occurs with KNO3, and only physical changes (crystal transformation and melting) occur. Combined with a verification test at 180 °C for two days, it is concluded that boron and KNO3 components are stable at 180 °C. With an increase in boron content, the thermal stability of BPN is improved, with the best performance achieved when the ratio is 25:75 (B:KNO3). BPN samples without binder have the best thermal stability. In a test at 180 °C for five days, the binder affects the weight loss and p-t curve of BPN, and BPN with fluororubber binder is better than BPN with unsaturated polyester binder.

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40

Estevanes, Jared, Patrick Buzzini e Geraldine Monjardez. "Forensic Analysis of Recrystallized Inorganic Oxidizing Salts Used in Pyrotechnic-Based Improvised Explosive Devices Using Light Microscopy and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy". Microscope 71, n. 1 (2024): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.59082/indj3392.

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This study aimed to evaluate the advantages and challenges of analyzing post-blast pyrotechnic pipe bombs using a combination of light microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Two simulated improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were constructed and exploded using pyrotechnics as the main charge and consisted of several different components to simulate common materials that might be found in authentic bombing scenarios. In order to develop a rapid explosives residue recovery technique, a wet and dry swabbing process was compared to determine the most efficient swabbing method of recovery for inorganic oxidizers in post-blast debris. Samples were recrystallized using a water recrystallization method followed by in situ analysis using polarized light microscopy (PLM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy, targeting euhedral and subhedral crystals. While the water recrystallization had effects on the resulting Raman spectrum, such as peak intensity reduction, ultimately, the final salt identifications were not affected. The detection of several inorganic oxidizers post-blast included the identification of potassium perchlorate (KClO4), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2). The detection of KNO3 using microscopy alone was more challenging due to its relatively low abundance compared to KClO4 but was achieved with micro-Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the mixing of inorganic oxidizers within single crystals was also observed. The results indicated that the combined approach of microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy enabled the successful detection of inorganic oxidizing salts in a post-blast scenario, as well as describing the advantages and limitations of this combination of techniques.

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41

Piersol, Allan. "Guidelines for Dynamic Data Acquisition and Analysis". Journal of the IEST 35, n. 5 (1 settembre 1992): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.35.5.y67p77t461064052.

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The structural responses produced by the operation of pyrotechnic devices (commonly called pyroshocks) constitute one of the most difficult types of dynamic data to accurately measure and analyze. For this reason, a separate appendix devoted solely to pyrochock data acquisition and analysis problems has been included in a proposed military handbook on Guidelines for Dynamic Data Acquisition and Analysis. This paper summarizes the recommendations concerning pyroshock data given in the final draft of that proposed military handbook.

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42

Matyjasek, Łukasz, Wiktor Dmitruk e Łukasz Cichosz. "Examination of post-reaction residues of pyrotechnic material – p. 1: Smoke generators". Issues of Forensic Science 308 (2020): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2020.308.3.

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The work contains a review of literature data referring to the methods of generating pyrotechnic smokes with inclusion of chemical composition of widely used smoke generating substances and, in particular, specifications of dyes used in pyrotechnic products. Construction of such devices, the manner of initiating ignition and possibilities of identification of residues resulting from their use were explained basing on 79 examined smoke generators. Analyses of smoke generating mixtures were executed with use of classical chemistry techniques, spectroscopy in infrared light (FTIR-ATR), electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analyses have demonstrated that 2-methylanthraquinone is most often used for generating white smokes, soot – for generating black smokes, quinolone dyes – for yellow smokes, copper phthalocyanine for blue smokes, and anthraquinone dyes for the remaining colours. The GC-MS technique has proven an effective analytical tool both for identification of the dye in the smoke generating substance and detection on various surfaces of traces resulting from the use of smoke generator.

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43

Lee, So-Jeong, Dae-Hyun Hwang e Jae-Hung Han. "Development of Pyroshock Simulator for Shock Propagation Test". Shock and Vibration 2018 (13 settembre 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9753793.

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Satellites are subjected to pyrotechnic shocks caused by actuating the pyrotechnic separation devices during various missions such as separation from the launch vehicle and deployment of the solar panel. Pyroshock rarely damages structural members, but it may cause damage to mounted electronic equipment, which can lead to mission failures. In order to protect electronic equipment from pyroshock, shock propagation characteristics need to be identified. This paper proposes a compact pyroshock simulator that can be used to identify the pyroshock propagation characteristics at various locations of a structure. A small resonant fixture and high air pressure are used to make the simulator compact in size. A diaphragm breech design is also introduced to achieve high-bursting pressure and increase the repeatability of the simulator. The developed simulator can produce the pyroshock environment with repeatability in the shock propagation path, and also the pyroshock environment can be changed by using different resonant fixtures. The developed simulator can be used for the experimental characterization of the pyroshock propagation over various structures.

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44

Wu, Weixiong. "Determination of sound power levels of some pyrotechnic devices using sound pressure measurements". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, n. 5 (maggio 2004): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4781178.

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45

Popescu, Gheorghe, e Stefan Ghimişi. "Identification of Tight Spots to an Automatic Mechanical Assembly Line, by Simulation WINQSB". Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (febbraio 2012): 1625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1625.

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In this work the authors present the result of the theoretical researches and experiences concerning the identification and elimination of the tight places in the automatic montage of the electric ignition devices used in the pyrotechnic industry for improving the labour productivity. Taking into account the fact the above production system is an expectation system depending on a theoretical study followed by computer simulation with the data processing product WINQSB, Queing System Simulation module, we identified the tight places that generate expectation queues when remaking, verifying and assembling the electric ignition devices of the indigenous electric detonators. In this way, using the WINQSB simulation, we offered solutions for 3 analysis types: the ensemble and marks analysis which entered the system, the analysis of the working machines using and the analysis of the queues.

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46

Gherlone, M., D. Lomario, M. Mattone e R. Ruotolo. "Application of Wave Propagation to Pyroshock Analysis". Shock and Vibration 11, n. 3-4 (2004): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/278676.

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Pyroshocks are high frequency transients due to pyrotechnic devices used in aerospace engineering in order to deploy solar arrays and antennae, separate subsystems from the spacecraft or separate the spacecraft itself from the base stage booster; their prediction is usually complex and very time consuming.The aim of this article is to investigate on the application of the analysis of transmission of waves in elastic media in order to predict the dynamic response to pyroshocks. The work is completed by numerical examples, related to components of common use in the aerospace engineering field, showing the comparison between results obtained by using both MSC-NASTRAN and this novel application of wave propagation analysis.

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Sushkin, Nikolai Vladimirovich. "On the question of the criminal legal concept of an explosive device". Юридические исследования, n. 4 (aprile 2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2023.4.38445.

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The subject of the study is problematic issues related to the concept of the subject of the crime under Article 222.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, namely, an explosive device, and with the assessment of the degree of public danger of objects that have the design features of explosive devices, but are not legally such. To resolve the issue of the relevance of the subject to the subject of Article 222.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as a rule, an explosive examination is appointed, however, expert terminology is based on special knowledge in the field of forensic explosives and differs somewhat from legal. The purpose of the work is a detailed study of these inconsistencies in the concepts of an explosive device, an assessment of the degree of public danger of a number of objects that are not explosive devices, but contain an explosive charge and have other design features of explosive devices. In the course of the study, methods of observation, comparison, analysis of expert practice, current legislation and scientific literature were applied. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the concept of an explosive device both from a legislative point of view and from the point of view of forensic explosives. According to the results of the study, the necessity of changing the legislative approach to the concept of an explosive device, and revaluation of the degree of public danger of imitation and pyrotechnic devices is argued. Recommendations have been developed to bring the measures of the criminal law fight against illegal trafficking of explosives and explosive devices in line with modern requirements. The results of the work can be used both in the judicial interpretation of the subject of the crime provided for in Article 222.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and directly by the law enforcement officer when evaluating the conclusions of the explosive expertise.

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Bolyubash, Ye S. "Experimental studies of the performance of pyrotechnic devices installed on the launch vehicle separation systems". Kosmičeskaâ tehnika. Raketnoe vooruženie 2024, n. 1 (5 novembre 2024): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33136/stma2024.01.121.

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49

Xian, Mingchun, Kang Zhao, Xuwen Liu, Yangang Meng, Junyao Xie, Jingwei Li, Lele Tong, Meng Huang e Lizhi Wu. "Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Motion of RDX Deflagration-Driven Flyer Plate Based on Laser-Initiated Micro-Pyrotechnic Devices". Micromachines 14, n. 5 (24 aprile 2023): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14050917.

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Abstract (sommario):

Miniaturized laser-initiated pyrotechnic devices have great application prospects in aerospace and modern weapon systems due to their excellent energy output performance and reliability. In order to develop a low-energy insensitive laser detonation technology based on a two-stage charge structure, it is important to deeply analyze the motion law of a titanium flyer plate driven by the deflagration of the first-stage charge (RDX). The effects of the charge mass of RDX, flyer plate mass, and barrel length on the motion law of flyer plates were studied through a numerical simulation method based on the Powder Burn deflagration model. The consistency between the numerical simulation and the experimental results was analyzed using the paired t confidence interval estimation method. The results show that the Powder Burn deflagration model can effectively describe the motion process of the RDX deflagration-driven flyer plate with a 90% confidence level, and its velocity error is ≤6.7%. The speed of the flyer plate is proportional to the mass of the RDX charge, inversely proportional to the mass of the flyer plate, and exponentially related to its moving distance. As the moving distance of the flyer plate increases, the RDX deflagration products and air in front of the flyer plate are compressed, which inhibits the motion of the flyer plate. In the optimum state (the mass of the RDX charge is 60 mg, the mass of the flyer is 85 mg, and the length of the barrel is 3 mm), the speed of the titanium flyer reaches 583 m/s, and the peak pressure of the RDX deflagration reaches 2182 MPa. This work will provide a theoretical basis for the refined design of a new generation of miniaturized high-performance laser-initiated pyrotechnic devices.

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Miszczak, Maciej. "AN OVERVIEW OF OPTICAL AND THERMOELECTRICAL SYSTEMS DETECTING MOVEMENT OF COMBUSTION ZONES IN SOLID EXPLOSIVES". PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA, n. 1 (31 maggio 2017): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0288.

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In this contribution author did a general overview of works [1-7], in which he participated, describing non-invasive systems on detection of movement of combustion fronts in solid end-burning explosive materials – rocket propellants and pyrotechnic compositions - inserted into tube combustion chambers. The systems are used to measure linear burning velocity of tested explosives. Detecting systems, the author has contributed to as well, concerned the application of pyrolitic graphite (pyrographite) as structural and sensory material of combustive chambers and one of devices detecting the displacement of the burning front i.e. an IR or VIS camera or thermocouples. The review has been made in the background of other systems using optical detectors [8-12] or thermocouples [13-21].

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