Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pushkin Trust"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pushkin Trust"
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Hanratty, Brian, e Dympna Taggart. "The Pushkin Trust: experiential learning and children with special educational needs. An investigation". Irish Educational Studies 24, n. 2-3 (settembre 2005): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03323310500435539.
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Nikienko, I. V. "Polish books of Sabina Jaroszewska personal collection in A. S. Pushkin Tomsk Regional Universal Scientific Library stocks (its formation history, overview and studying prospects)". Bibliosphere, n. 1 (30 marzo 2016): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2016-1-53-57.
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The article deals with book collecting as a way to preserve ethnic and cultural identity. The author examines Sabina Jaroszewska personality as the Polish library creator, her book assemblage history and composition, prospects for detailed studying the Polish collection fragment in A.S. Pushkin Tomsk Regional Universal Scientific Library (TRUSL) stocks are outlined. For the first time catalogues and inventories of the TRUSL Foreign book department are used as well as interviews with Academician Rostislav Karpov, who personally knew the collector.
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Umair Manzoor, Sajjad Ahmad Baig, Muhammad Hashim e Abdul Sami. "Impact of Social Media Marketing on Consumer’s Purchase Intentions: The Mediating role of Customer Trust". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research 3, n. 2 (19 luglio 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v3i2.1386.
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Successful marketing and promotion strategies achieve customer development, profitability, and long-term company success. Present markets become more competitive through changing markets, globalization, and innovative technology, which have rapidly changed the business world. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are pushing marketing companies toward a new direction using social media marketing. Social media has penetrated so deeply into millions of people’s lives worldwide that it has also attracted marketers’ attention. This study will help determine how it influences Pakistani consumers’ purchase intentions. This research used a quantitative method based on primary data. The data was collected from Faisalabad, and the sample size was 250 participants. Among the 250 questionnaires, 190 are useable. The results show that trust and social media influence significantly affect consumers’ purchase intentions. Data analysis reveals that social media marketing has a greater influence than trust in purchase intentions through social networking sites. Therefore, improving websites’ quality enhances customers’ trust. Hence, trust plays an important role in e-commerce by directly influencing the purchasing intentions of customers.
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Pane, Mujahidun Hapisni, Rukiah Rukiah, Budi Gautama Siregar, Wanda Khairun Nasirin e Randi Friscilla Hidayat. "Influential Celebrities In Sustainable Online Shopping: A Theory Of Reasoned Action Insights". At-tijaroh: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis Islam 9, n. 2 (6 dicembre 2023): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/tijaroh.v9i2.9930.
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ABSTRACTThe implementation of lockdown in 2020 as a response to COVID-19 has led to significant behavioral changes, pushing society to adapt to online transactions. This research aims to analyze the influencing factors such as e-trust, e-wom, e-servqual, and celebrity endorsers on online purchase decisions, as well as examine the moderating effect of celebrity endorsers on these decisions. The research methodology used is quantitative with stratified sampling techniques, employing the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with WarpPLS 8.0 software. The results of the study indicate that e-trust and e-WOM have a positive and significant impact on online purchase decisions, while e-service quality does not have a significant influence. Another finding is that celebrity endorsers can moderate e-trust, strengthen consumer trust in online transactions, and impact purchase decisions. However, celebrity endorsers are not effective in moderating e-WOM and e-service quality in online purchase decisions. In this context, e-trust, e-WOM, and celebrity endorsers play crucial roles in influencing online purchase decisions, in line with the Theory of Reasoned Action. The practical implications of this research emphasize the importance of building consumer trust in online transactions and managing the use of celebrity endorsers wisely to enhance purchase decisions. E-commerce companies and online platforms need to provide high-quality services to strengthen consumer trust. Moreover, the role of e-WOM should also be considered to influence purchase decisions and improve online service quality according to consumer expectations. The policy recommendations resulting from this research highlight the need for companies to focus on managing consumer trust and utilizing celebrity endorsers wisely to enhance sustainable online shopping.
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Koos, Stefan. "Digital Globalization and Law". Lex Scientia Law Review 6, n. 1 (9 giugno 2022): 33–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i1.55092.
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The regulation of social processes is part of a state’s sovereignty. States apply their law to shape and control social and economic conditions within their territory. Law as an instrument for coordinating human behaviour and for balancing colliding interests within the society is linked to human behaviour, either individually or within human organisations. The basic prerequisite for the existence of law is human interaction based on emotions, desires, and the pursuit of interests. Law and trust (interpersonal trust or system trust) are connected to each other. This leads to the assumption that law loses its relevance with a decrease of the relevance of trust. This article explores the question of which factors of current and future digitalisation could lead to a loss of the relevance of trust and of the relevance of the aspect of human behaviour as a connecting factor for legal norms. The article concludes that technological globalisation and ubiquity of the internet have already led to a loss of state territorial sovereignty. This has resulted in the diminution of system trust in law. The article further shows how digitalisation is pushing back the relevance of human behaviour and emotionality and, therefore, technicity is increasingly displacing law. The article describes the connection between deterritorialization and the development of new disruptive digital technologies and asks about the future role of ethics in the legal system of an advanced digitalised society. The development of concrete solutions and legislative proposals is subject to further studies.
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Salem, Walid. "Beyond Exacerbating Asymmetry and Sustaining Occupation: An Alternative Approach for United States Intervention in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict". International Negotiation 23, n. 1 (24 gennaio 2018): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-23011098.
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Abstract Third party mediation is critical in pushing forward a new peace process that is based on Israeli and Palestinian compliance in fulfilling previous agreements, including an Israeli freeze on settlements. The freeze will be part of a transformative constructionist process that will allow both sides to negotiate from a more symmetrical position. It will also create more trust among the Palestinians by communicating that Israeli intentions are not about grabbing their land while discussing peace.
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Victor- Ikoh, Maudlyn I., e Ledisi G. Kabari. "Internet Architecture: Current Limitations Leading Towards Future Internet Architecture". International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 10, n. 5 (30 maggio 2021): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2021.v10i05.011.
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The original internet design principle was guided by the end-to-end principle in the early 1980s and formed the foundation for the existing internet architectural model. The priorities of the original internet designers do not match the needs of today actual users; rise in new players, demanding applications, erosion of trust and rights and responsibilities is pushing the internet to a new dimension. This paper presents the goals and principles behind the design of the original internet architecture, the resulting issues and limitations of the existing network architecture and the approaches that is driving the future internet architecture.
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Kiwanuka, Dr Michael. "Building Trust and Reciprocity through Citizen Participation and Transparency: Lessons from Municipal Governments of Uganda and Thailand". International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 06, n. 05 (2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2022.6505.
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New governance dynamics are pushing government and its agencies to explore and enhance participatory governance practices at all levels as well as developing and encouraging new partnerships with civil society organizations and other non-state actors. This arrangement however takes participation for granted and does not illustrate how and when it can be meaningful. This article was informed by a study that examined, in a comparative framework and in relation to the expectations created by theory, the extent to which citizen participation reciprocates into trust and transparency in Uganda and Thai municipal governments. Although citizen participation and empowerment are interrelated governance concepts, the study established considerable overlaps between the two. Empowering citizens to understand their stakes and leverage in the local governance processes, and how to make their voices count was concluded to be the missing link in Uganda and Thailand municipal governments. Moreover, without providing citizens with relevant and complete information in user-friendly formats, participation may remain a public display but in reality a surrogate for mere politics with little in terms of citizen trust and reciprocity
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Bartley, Adam, e Aiden Warren. "Whither the Whole of Government? The Trump Administration, National Security, and the Indo-Pacific Strategy". Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 31, n. 1 (2022): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice20223112.
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The Trump administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy promised to make America more competitive, to challenge China’s revisionist global agenda, and to push back against the new ‘gray zone’ conflicts of great power competition. Fundamentally, the strategy required the government to exercise a Whole of Government (WoG) approach to bring to bear all elements of national power. Despite wide-ranging calls for WoG, the administration eschewed basic reforms, destroyed interdepartmental trust networks, and over time expelled the conduits of national security, pushing WoG more thoroughly into the military. While departmental emphasis on Indo-Pacific issues took place in the Trump administration, this occurred largely in isolation of grand strategic goals.
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Pinney, Joel, Fiona Carroll e Paul Newbury. "Human-robot interaction: the impact of robotic aesthetics on anticipated human trust". PeerJ Computer Science 8 (14 gennaio 2022): e837. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.837.
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Background Human senses have evolved to recognise sensory cues. Beyond our perception, they play an integral role in our emotional processing, learning, and interpretation. They are what help us to sculpt our everyday experiences and can be triggered by aesthetics to form the foundations of our interactions with each other and our surroundings. In terms of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), robots have the possibility to interact with both people and environments given their senses. They can offer the attributes of human characteristics, which in turn can make the interchange with technology a more appealing and admissible experience. However, for many reasons, people still do not seem to trust and accept robots. Trust is expressed as a person’s ability to accept the potential risks associated with participating alongside an entity such as a robot. Whilst trust is an important factor in building relationships with robots, the presence of uncertainties can add an additional dimension to the decision to trust a robot. In order to begin to understand how to build trust with robots and reverse the negative ideology, this paper examines the influences of aesthetic design techniques on the human ability to trust robots. Method This paper explores the potential that robots have unique opportunities to improve their facilities for empathy, emotion, and social awareness beyond their more cognitive functionalities. Through conducting an online questionnaire distributed globally, we explored participants ability and acceptance in trusting the Canbot U03 robot. Participants were presented with a range of visual questions which manipulated the robot’s facial screen and asked whether or not they would trust the robot. A selection of questions aimed at putting participants in situations where they were required to establish whether or not to trust a robot’s responses based solely on the visual appearance. We accomplished this by manipulating different design elements of the robots facial and chest screens, which influenced the human-robot interaction. Results We found that certain facial aesthetics seem to be more trustworthy than others, such as a cartoon face versus a human face, and that certain visual variables (i.e., blur) afforded uncertainty more than others. Consequentially, this paper reports that participant’s uncertainties of the visualisations greatly influenced their willingness to accept and trust the robot. The results of introducing certain anthropomorphic characteristics emphasised the participants embrace of the uncanny valley theory, where pushing the degree of human likeness introduced a thin line between participants accepting robots and not. By understanding what manipulation of design elements created the aesthetic effect that triggered the affective processes, this paper further enriches our knowledge of how we might design for certain emotions, feelings, and ultimately more socially acceptable and trusting robotic experiences.
Libri sul tema "Pushkin Trust"
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Cannon, Helen Slattery. Voices: 25 years of The Pushkin Trust. Newtownstewart, Co. Tyrone: The Pushkin Trust, 2013.
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Jacob, Malsawmi. A Pushkar Pandit's tryst with God: The amazing life journey of Pandit Dharm Prakash Sharma. Mumbai: GLS Pub., 2009.
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Jacob, Malsawmi. A Pushkar Pandit's tryst with God: The amazing life journey of Pandit Dharm Prakash Sharma. Mumbai: GLS Pub., 2009.
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Jacob, Malsawmi. A Pushkar Pandit's tryst with God: The amazing life journey of Pandit Dharm Prakash Sharma. Mumbai: GLS Pub., 2009.
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Jacob, Malsawmi. A Pushkar Pandit's tryst with God: The amazing life journey of Pandit Dharm Prakash Sharma. Mumbai: GLS Pub., 2009.
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Sourcing Voices: The Pushkin Trust Book. The Pushkin Trust, 2014.
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Poynter, April. Pressing Forward: Pushing Through Fear and Anxiety to Find My Truest Self. WordCrafts Press, 2017.
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A Pushkar Pandit's tryst with God: The amazing life journey of Pandit Dharm Prakash Sharma. Mumbai: GLS Publishing, 2009.
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A Pushkar Pandit's tryst with God: The amazing life journey of Pandit Dharm Prakash Sharma. Mumbai: GLS Pub., 2009.
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Pushing Your Business: A Text-Book of Advertising, Giving Practical Advice on Advertising, for Banks, Trust Companies, Safe Deposit Companies, Investment Brokers, Real Estate Dealers, Insurance Agents. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Pushkin Trust"
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Song, Youngeun, e Ian Oakley. "PushID: A Pressure Control Interaction-Based Behavioral Biometric Authentication System for Smartwatches". In HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust, 255–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05563-8_17.
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Knights, Mark. "Conclusion". In Trust and Distrust, 416–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796244.003.0013.
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The chapter summarises key changes between 1600 and 1850 in the concept and practice of corruption and officeholding, and examines the factors pushing for, and restraining, such shifts. The discussion underlines the importance of analysing trust and distrust; of examining the interaction of corruption and anti-corruption; taking a long view of corruption in office; and of combining metropolitan and colonial perspectives. Britain is also placed in a wider context including other European powers and empires, to show some similarities but also interesting differences in pathways. The latter suggest that reform had to be fitted to local contexts and that we need a future comparative research agenda to explore how these shaped varying chronologies, concepts and practices of corruption, anti-corruption, office, and accountability.
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Heiss, Mary Ann. "Taking Off the Gloves". In Fulfilling the Sacred Trust, 104–31. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752704.003.0006.
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This chapter demonstrates how the issue of the UN authority on determining a particular territory's status dominated the Committee on Information's third term. It talks about the claim of new member-states Portugal and Spain that they were not administering powers under the terms of the Charter. It also analyses repeated efforts through 1958 to empower the United Nations to declare specific territories non-self-governing and fall victim to the Western states' ability to manipulate procedure. The chapter discusses the Committee on Information's limited terms of reference, balanced composition between administering and nonadministering states, and lack of representation that moderated its tone and prevented it from pushing for the sort of international accountability the anticolonial majority desired. It highlights that the wholesale changes in UN membership began during the Tenth General Assembly in 1955 and made clear the impossibility of forever forestalling the drive for international accountability.
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Mohamed-Saleem, Amjad. "The Challenge of Building Trust Digitally". In Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 122–39. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5907-2.ch011.
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If COVID 19 has taught us anything, it is that it is hard to keep faith or trust in what we previously considered to be normal, conventional, or orthodox. Currently, worldwide, there is a massive trust deficit in society, with old institutions and entities such as bankers, journalists, and politicians facing the brunt of this. The simultaneity of the pandemic and the lockdown showed complex globalised fragility never experienced before. This paper explores the role of inter religious dialogue in pushing a responsibility towards the individual to building that trust. Dialogue is the underpinning of trust that is needed to build peace within communities and institutions.
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Graham, Peter. "The Statutory Regulation of Financial Services in the United Kingdom and the Development of Chinese Walls in Managing Conflicts of Interest". In Commercial Aspects of Trusts and Fiduciary Obligations, 43–54. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198257653.003.0003.
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Abstract The issue of securities to the public has been regulated since 1900 by the Companies Acts, but, with certain limited exceptions,1 dealing in securities was not regulated by statute until 1939. In that year the first Prevention of Fraud (Investments) Act was passed, partly in response to an outbreak of fraudulent share pushing in the early 1930s and partly in response to the growth of the unit trust movement. That Act was amended by the Companies Act 1947 and consolidated in the Prevention of Fraud (Investments) Act 1958 (PFIA). This legislation made it an offence for someone to carry on the business of dealing in securities without being licensed, under an annual licence, by the Board of Trade. .
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Dario, Paolo, Gastone Ciuti, Alberto Pirni, Marianna Capasso e Piercosma Bisconti. "Social Robots Between Trust and Deception: The Impact on Institutions and Practices". In Social Robots in Social Institutions. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220676.
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Since robots with a high degree of adaptability and autonomy are now increasingly supporting humans both at work and in their private life, new applications are emerging, to make optimal use of robots that need to collaborate with humans towards common goals in different social settings. All these factors are pushing the growth of the social robotics market to new frontiers, whose ambition is to provide sophisticated and novel approaches to robot performance, social acceptability and sustainability. This workshop is designed to critically evaluate these questions from a transdisciplinary perspective, by exploring how social robots can affect and challenge trust in human social institutions and practices.
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Rodríguez, Daniel A. "To Fight These Powerful Trusts and Free the Medical Profession". In The Right to Live in Health, 176–200. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659732.003.0007.
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This final chapter explores the politics of medical practice and the medical market from the perspective of Cuban physicians. It explores the radicalization of the Cuban medical class in the context of the political and economic crisis of the early 1930s. Rodríguez argues that a small group of physicians, in successfully pushing the broader medical class to broaden its sectoral demands to address wider problems in urban medical care, were able to take advantage of a revolutionary moment to benefit both doctors and patients.
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Asarnow, Joan Rosenbaum, Martha C. Tompson, e Michele S. Berk. "Adolescent Depression: Family-Focused Treatment Strategies". In Family Psychology, 425–50. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135572.003.0018.
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Abstract Adolescence is a time of tension—youth pushing toward adulthood, parents awakening to changes in their child and the need to ‘‘let go’’ and convey trust, while shielding from dangers. Depression is a frequent complication of adolescence. National surveillance data indicate that 28.3% of high school students reported depressive symptoms that interfered with functioning for a period of at least 2 weeks during the year prior to the survey (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2001). Point prevalence for major depression among adolescents is roughly 6%, with lifetime prevalence ranging between 15 and 20% (Kessler, 2002; Lewinsohn & Essau, 2002).
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Gordon, Eric, e Gabriel Mugar. "Introduction". In Meaningful Inefficiencies, 1–25. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870140.003.0001.
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The introduction introduces the concept of civic design and the social context from which it arises. Civic designers are practitioners working within public-serving organizations (government, news, and civil society), many of which are experiencing pressure to adopt new technologies and be responsive to a digital culture. These practitioners are pushing up against pressures to incorporate digital technologies for enhanced efficiency in order to build trust and forge new relationships with a plurality of publics. Each is engaging in the creation of meaningful inefficiencies, which is the intentional design of less efficient over more efficient means of achieving some ends. The introduction describes the conceptual framework surrounding these practices and explains the research methodology. Finally, each of the book’s chapters is introduced.
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Nguyên, Thanh Trúc T., e Lauren K. Mark. "Cyberbullying, Sexting, and Online Sharing". In Internet and Technology Addiction, 70–81. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8900-6.ch005.
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Schools are pushing to implement more technology use to promote student learning. Yet, adults may not be completely aware of the non-academic online activities students engage in, like cyberbullying, sexting, and online sharing. In this study, parents (N = 663) and educators (N = 548) from four US states were surveyed on their understanding and awareness of their children's/students' online activities. Adult awareness levels and perspectives were compared. Parents and educators were found to be similarly supportive of computer use adding value to student education, but significantly differed in their trust levels of students' computer usage, preparedness to talk to students about Internet safety issues, and comfort regarding students using online social media. Additionally, parents and educators differed significantly in their understanding of how sharing of explicit material occurs online.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Pushkin Trust"
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Ji, Hao, e Yan Jin. "Modeling Trust in Self-Organizing Systems With Heterogeneity". In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86006.
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Self-organizing systems (SOS) possess the potential of performing complex tasks in uncertain situations with adaptability. Despite the benefits of self-organizing, it is also subject to the influence of unpredictable behavior of individual agents and environment noises. In hostile situations for example, individual performance of self-organizing agents may deteriorate and this can lead to system malfunction, posing great challenge for the design of SOS. In this paper, we propose a trust based model as a design approach to SOS in consideration of the capability heterogeneity of the agents. A box-pushing task was presented and studied. Trust is measured using beta probability distribution, which takes into account both the positive and negative interactions between the agents. The simulation results have shown that our trust model ensures favorable interactions among agents and leads to increased system effectiveness and conditional system efficiency improvement in comparison to SOS without using a trust model.
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Kleissl, Kenneth C., e J. L. Domingues Costa. "General Design of Hollow RC Sections under Combined Actions". In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0591.
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<p>Hollow reinforced concrete sections are consistently considered the preferred solution for medium to large sized bridge projects due to its structural efficiency and the large material savings associated with it.</p><p>To fully harvest the structural capacity of hollow sections exposed to combined actions it is necessary to leave behind the simplicity of treating the verification of structural adequacy for normal stresses (beam theory) separately from that of shear stresses (diagonal truss model) and instead fully exploit the advantages of choosing more efficient stress distributions. By exploring the vast possibilities of other statically admissible systems using optimization routines, one will find that longitudinal reinforcement near the neutral axis can be utilized much more efficiently.</p><p>In addition, by adhering to the interdependency constraints between normal and shear stresses a much more precise picture of the actual service stress state can be determined. There is therefore the need for a one- step, automated design tool capable of addressing such verifications holistically.</p><p>In this paper the theoretical basis and a free to use open-source design tool is presented, allowing for easy access to highly optimized designs capable of pushing the materials to their limits.</p>
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pushkin Trust"
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Eberle, Caitlyn, Jack O'Connor, Liliana Narvaez, Melisa Mena Benavides e Zita Sebesvari. Interconnected Disaster Risks 2023: Risk Tipping Points. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wtwn2495.
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The 2023 Interconnected Disaster Risks report examines six immediate and increasing risks across the world: the accelerating extinctions of species, the depletion of groundwater resources, the retreat of mountain glaciers, the growing number of places facing uninhabitable temperatures, the rise in uninsurability and the growing amount of space debris. Through literature review and expert consultation, we define “risk tipping points” for each of the six cases, representing the point at which a given socioecological system ceases to buffer risks and to provide its expected functions, after which the risk of catastrophic impacts to the system increases substantially. Our analysis also includes a highlight on the interconnectivity of root causes and drivers that are pushing these systems to their tipping point, as well as their influence on each other and compounding and cascading impacts into other systems, now and in the future. Our findings indicate that human actions are causing these increased risks, and we discuss the potential behavior and value changes that will be necessary to address them. This report also proposes a new framework to classify and discuss the effectiveness of solutions that help us address risk tipping points. Solutions fall into two main categories: Avoid solutions that target root causes and drivers of risk to avoid crossing risk tipping points altogether, and adapt solutions that help us to prepare or to better address the negative impacts of risk tipping point in case they cannot be avoided, and seek to adapt to the resulting changes in an attempt to live with them. Within each category, there are two options for actions: Delay actions work within the existing “business as usual” system and seek to slow down the progression towards risk tipping points or possible worst impacts. Transform actions involve a fundamental re-imagining of the system itself. Out of the different categories, it is transformative solutions that have the potential to move us away from a future of multiplying risk tipping points, but they also require the most societal and personal change. Therefore, the report highlights overall changes we can make to our behaviours and values that would transform the way we use our systems and reduce overall risk. These include a shift towards zero waste, a closer connection to nature, global cooperation and trust, consideration for future generations, and shifting to an economic model that is less focused on growth and more on human well-being within planetary boundaries. Addressing risk tipping points requires us to fundamentally change how we perceive and value the world around us in a way that gives us the responsibility to care for it. We must design our systems to work in a way that recognizes how much we need the world and all its systems working together for our survival; otherwise, we will find ourselves in a future where risks continue to multiply. The choice is ours. We have the power to act now to create the future we want.
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Phillips, Jake. Understanding the impact of inspection on probation. Sheffield Hallam University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/shu.hkcij.05.2021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research sought to understand the impact of probation inspection on probation policy, practice and practitioners. This important but neglected area of study has significant ramifications because the Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation has considerable power to influence policy through its inspection regime and research activities. The study utilised a mixed methodological approach comprising observations of inspections and interviews with people who work in probation, the Inspectorate and external stakeholders. In total, 77 people were interviewed or took part in focus groups. Probation practitioners, managers and leaders were interviewed in the weeks after an inspection to find out how they experienced the process of inspection. Staff at HMI Probation were interviewed to understand what inspection is for and how it works. External stakeholders representing people from the voluntary sector, politics and other non-departmental bodies were interviewed to find out how they used the work of inspection in their own roles. Finally, leaders within the National Probation Service and Her Majesty’s Prisons and Probation Service were interviewed to see how inspection impacts on policy more broadly. The data were analysed thematically with five key themes being identified. Overall, participants were positive about the way inspection is carried out in the field of probation. The main findings are: 1. Inspection places a burden on practitioners and organisations. Practitioners talked about the anxiety that a looming inspection created and how management teams created additional pressures which were hard to cope with on top of already high workloads. Staff responsible for managing the inspection and with leadership positions talked about the amount of time the process of inspection took up. Importantly, inspection was seen to take people away from their day jobs and meant other priorities were side-lined, even if temporarily. However, the case interviews that practitioners take part in were seen as incredibly valuable exercises which gave staff the opportunity to reflect on their practice and receive positive feedback and validation for their work. 2. Providers said that the findings and conclusions from inspections were often accurate and, to some extent, unsurprising. However, they sometimes find it difficult to implement recommendations due to reports failing to take context into account. Negative reports have a serious impact on staff morale, especially for CRCs and there was concern about the impact of negative findings on a provider’s reputation. 3. External stakeholders value the work of the Inspectorate. The Inspectorate is seen to generate highly valid and meaningful data which stakeholders can use in their own roles. This can include pushing for policy reform or holding government to account from different perspectives. In particular, thematic inspections were seen to be useful here. 4. The regulatory landscape in probation is complex with an array of actors working to hold providers to account. When compared to other forms of regulation such as audit or contract management the Inspectorate was perceived positively due to its methodological approach as well as the way it reflects the values of probation itself. 5. Overall, the inspectorate appears to garner considerable legitimacy from those it inspects. This should, in theory, support the way it can impact on policy and practice. There are some areas for development here though such as more engagement with service users. While recognising that the Inspectorate has made a concerted effort to do this in the last two years participants all felt that more needs to be done to increase that trust between the inspectorate and service users. Overall, the Inspectorate was seen to be independent and 3 impartial although this belief was less prevalent amongst people in CRCs who argued that the Inspectorate has been biased towards supporting its own arguments around reversing the now failed policy of Transforming Rehabilitation. There was some debate amongst participants about how the Inspectorate could, or should, enforce compliance with its recommendations although most people were happy with the primarily relational way of encouraging compliance with sanctions for non-compliance being considered relatively unnecessary. To conclude, the work of the Inspectorate has a significant impact on probation policy, practice and practitioners. The majority of participants were positive about the process of inspection and the Inspectorate more broadly, notwithstanding some of the issues raised in the findings. There are some developments which the Inspectorate could consider to reduce the burden inspection places on providers and practitioners and enhance its impact such as amending the frequency of inspection, improving the feedback given to practitioners and providing more localised feedback, and working to reduce or limit perceptions of bias amongst people in CRCs. The Inspectorate could also do more to capture the impact it has on providers and practitioners – both positive and negative - through existing procedures that are in place such as post-case interview surveys and tracking the implementation of recommendations.
3
Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.