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Tesi sul tema "Public participation"
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1
Mentoor, John W. "Public participation in public policy making". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/855.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))-- University of Stellenbosch, 1995.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study assesses public participation in public policy making by way of a case study approach. The Regional Education Boards and the Regional Services Council form part of the case study evaluation of public participation in public policy making. In essence, a structural-functionalist analysis of the two cases is given. From this approach this study points out what the activities of the two institutions are, what services they render and the policy measures with which they are engaged in. This is imperative because by way of an analysis, the extent to which the public is allowed to participate in the policy making process, with reference to the two institutions, is determined. Before the assessment of the two cases a conceptual framework pertaining to public participation in public policy making is given. In this conceptual framework the different typologies, policy levels, participants and the modes of public participation in public policy making are highlighted. In earlier years public participation in public policy making was simply seen as being confined to voting turn-out. As the study of public policy making expanded the operational definition of public participation was broaden to include activities such as campaigning, handing petitions to members of parliament, attending political meetings, writing letters to communication media, written representations submitted to a minister and protest action. Thus, as the study of public policy making expanded it became clear that separate participation modes exist because the activities which emanates from the implementation of public policy differ systematically in the requirements it place on the citizens. What is significant of this thesis is that it proposed a nine-point criteriological model for effective participation in public policy making. Each criterium is analyzed in depth and it is indicated how important it is for effective public participation in public policy making.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bepaal publieke deelname in openbare beleidmaking by wyse van 'n setwerklike benadering. Die Onderwysstreekrade en die Streekdiensterade vorm deel van hierdie evaluering van publieke deelname in openbare beleidmaking. Vir hierdie benadering word 'n strukturieel - funksionele uiteensetting van die werkswyse en beleidsmaatreëls van die twee instansies gegee. Hierdie uiteensetting is belangrik omrede, deur middel van 'n analise, daar bepaal word tot watter mate die publiek deel uitmaak van die beleidmakingsproses ten opsigte van die twee instansies. Voor die uiteensetting van die setwerklike benadering word 'n raamwerk met betrekking tot die konsepte wat van toepassing is op publieke deelname in openbare beleidmaking, gegee. In hierdie raamwerk word die verskillende tipologieë, beleidsvlakke, deelnemers en die verskillende maniere van publieke deelname in die openbare beleidmakingsproses, uitgebeeld. In vroeër jare was publieke deelname in openbare beleid gesien as bloot deelname aan verkiesings. Namate die studie van openbare beleid uitgebrei het, het die operasionele definisie van publieke deelname groter geword om aktiwiteite soos petisies aan parlementslede, bywoning van politieke vergaderings, briewe aan kommunikasiemedia, geskrewe voorleggings aan ministers en protesaksies in te sluit. Dit het derhalwe duidelik geword dat daar verskillende maniere is betreffende publieke deelname omrede die aktiwiteite wat vloei uit die implementering van openbare beleid in verskillende gemeenskappe, verskillend is. Wat die studie merkwaardig maak is dat dit 'n nege-punt kriteriologiese model vir effektiewe publieke deelname in die openbare beleidmakingsproses voorstel. Elke kriteria word in diepte geanaliseer en dit word uitgewys hoe belangrik dit vir effektiewe publieke deelname in die openbare beleidmakingsproses is.
2
Du, Guiying. "Supporting Public Participation through Interactive Immersive Public Displays". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14123.2018.783145.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main contributions of this thesis can be summarized as: (1) the identification of key challenges and opportunities for future research in using public displays for public participation in urban contexts; (2) two sets of user-defined gestures for two sets of user-defined phone gestures and hand gestures for performing eleven consulting activities, which are about examining the urban planning designs and giving feedback related to design alternatives, are also identified. (3) a new approach for using public displays for voting and commenting in urban planning, and a multi-level evaluation of a prototypical system implementing the proposed approach. Designers and researchers can use the contributions of this thesis, to create interactive public displays for supporting higher public participat i.e. citizen collaboration and empowerment.Las principales contribuciones de esta tesis se pueden resumir en: (1) la identificación de desafíos y oportunidades clave para futuras investigaciones en el uso de exhibiciones públicas para la participación pública en contextos urbanos; (2) también se identifican dos conjuntos de gestos definidos por el usuario para dos conjuntos de gestos telefónicos definidos por el usuario y gestos con las manos para realizar once actividades de consultoría, que consisten en examinar los diseños de planificación urbana y brindar retroalimentación relacionada con las alternativas de diseño. (3) un nuevo enfoque para el uso de exhibiciones públicas para votar y comentar en la planificación urbana, y una evaluación multinivel de un sistema prototípico que implementa el enfoque propuesto. Los diseñadores e investigadores pueden utilizar las contribuciones de esta tesis para crear exhibiciones públicas interactivas para apoyar una mayor participación pública, es decir, la colaboración ciudadana y el empoderamiento.
Programa de Doctorat en Geoinformàtica
3
Rood, Jason Alexander. "Public Participation in Emergency Management". PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/333.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With disasters increasing in frequency and costs each year, this study seeks to explore ways greater public participation can assist emergency managers in their mission to keep communities safe. Specifically this study examines the policy process and administrative functions of emergency management to illuminated the benefits and hindrances involved in greater participation. This study conducted a qualitative analysis of governmental documents, disaster case studies, international research, as well as political science and administrative doctrines, to arrive at its conclusions. The results of this study reveal that the public is a largely untapped resource in the emergency management field. Engaging the public dialogically in early policy stages and emergency management phases is essential to successful inclusion for both administrators and communities. Specifically, public inclusion creates expanded knowledge, shared learning, personal responsibility, and increased social capital. Faced with the growing threat from disasters, emergency management can create communities that are both more resilient and sustainable by increasing public participation.
4
Carlos, Aceros Juan. "Who counts as public in public participation? Regimes of Legitimate Participation in Techno-Scientific Controversies". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131273.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La presente tesis doctoral está motivada por el interés que los Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la
Tecnología han mostrado por la participación pública y su papel en la 'democratización de la democracia'
a través de la 'democratización de la ciencia y la tecnología'. El estudio forma parte del Proyecto
'Ciencia, Tecnología y Ciudadanía en las Sociedades del Conocimiento', cuyo objetivo es
comprender la mutua transformación entre controversias tecno-científicas y controversias públicas.
Concretamente, los objetivos de la tesis doctoral son: (1) Incrementar el conocimiento sobre la comprensión
pública de las controversias tecno-científicas, (2) Conocer las estrategias que los ciudadanos
despliegan para participar en debates públicos junto con expertos, (3) Incrementar la comprensión
de los actores implicados en el control de la información públicamente disponible sobre las disputas.
La pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: De qué manera las personas corrientes y los
analistas sociales identifican y aceptan a determinados actores como miembros del público en la
participación pública? Con esta pregunta en mente, se propone un acercamiento a la comprensión y
producción de la participación pública que se inspira en la Sociología de la Capacidad Crítica, la
Propuesta Cosmopolítica y la perspectiva performativa de Bruno Latour. A partir de este marco teórico
se describe un método a través del cual las personas constituyen el público de un determinado
asunto. Este método se denomina 'Regímenes de Participación Legítima' (RPL), una forma de conocimiento
práctico que incluye un conjunto de principios dicotómicos de evaluación de participantes.
La idea de RPL no es una categoría deductiva, sino una categoría que se desarrolla ex post facto,
para nombrar un fenómeno presente en tres artículos ya publicados.
La tesis doctoral se divide en cuatro capítulos. El capítulo 1 expone los objetivos, la pregunta de investigación
y el marco teórico del estudio. El capítulo 2 incluye dos artículos centrados en la participación
pública en controversias tecno-científicas. En el primer artículo (Sección 2.1.) se analizan
datos provenientes de once grupos de discusión realizados en Cataluña en 2006. Mediante un análisis
del contenido se explora lo que la gente quiere decir por 'ciudadanía' cuando hablan de 'participación
ciudadana'. El segundo artículo (Sección 2.2.) se basa en el análisis de seis de los once grupos
antes mencionados. En él se introduce una aproximación pragmática a los datos con la que se
muestra que, en una situación comunicativa dada, los participantes del estudio usan categorías espaciales
para identificar grupos relevantes. El capítulo 3 incluye un artículo enfocado en la forma
como diferentes organizaciones usan la Web para participar en debates sobre el agua en España y
definir los temas a tratar. El capítulo 4 discute los resultados más importantes de las secciones 2.1.,
2.2. y 3.1. En este último capítulo se delinea la estructura de los RPL, se responde abiertamente a la
pregunta de investigación y se resaltan las implicaciones de los RPL para la 'democratización de la
ciencia y la tecnología'. Adicionalmente, se sugieren futuras vías de investigación.The given PhD dissertation is motivated by the interest that Science and Technology Studies have shown in public participation and its role in the 'democratisation of democracy' through the 'democratisation of science and technology'. It was developed in connection with the R+D+i Project 'Science, Technology and Citizenship in Knowledge Societies', which main goal was to sheet light to the transformation of public controversies into techno-scientific controversies, and vice versa. More specifically, the objectives of this dissertation are: (1) Increasing knowledge about the public understanding of the techno-scientific controversies, (2) Getting to know the strategies that citizens deploy to participate in the public disputes together with scientists and technologists, and (3) Increasing understanding of the players involved in the control of publicly available information on the disputes. The research question is the following: How do ordinary people and social analysts identify and accept players with the right to take the part of the public in public participation? With this research question in mind, the author propose an approach to the understanding and shaping of public participation which is mainly inspired by the Sociology of Critical Capacity, the Cosmopolitical Proposal and performative approach of Bruno Latour. Drawing on this theoretical framework a particular method that ordinary people and social analysts use in the constitution of the public of an issue is described. Such a method is called 'Regime of Legitimate Participation' (RLP), a form of practical knowledge which includes a set of dichotomous principles of participant's evaluation. The RLP is not a deductive category applied to the data. Instead, it is an emergent category developed ex post facto, as a notion with which a phenomenon grasped by three published papers – although initially not addressed enough in them – can be named. This dissertation is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 exposes the objectives, research question and theoretical framework of the PhD dissertation. Chapter 2 includes two papers concerned with the public understanding of citizen participation in techno-scientific controversies. In the first paper (Section 2.1.) the data come from a set of eleven focus groups carried out in Catalonian during 2006. A qualitative content analysis aims to explore what 'citizenship' means when people speak about 'citizen participation'. The second paper (Section 2.2.) is based on the analysis of six of the eleven focus groups mentioned above. It introduces a pragmatic approach to the data showing that, in a given communicative context, participants in our study use space labels in order to identify those groups whose activities are regarded as relevant by the speakers when they are talking about 'water problems'. Chapter 3 introduces a paper focused on the way different organisations exploit the Web with the aim to participate in the debates about water policy in Spain and to define the topics involved. Chapter 4 discusses the most important outcomes of the Sections 2.1., 2.2. and 3.1. In this final Chapter, the structure and operation of the RLP are outlined. The answer to the research question is then openly stated, and implications of the RLP for the 'democratisation' of science and technology come to the fore. Future lines of enquiry are suggested.
5
Figueredo, Jorge Cesar. "Public Participation In Transportation: An Emperical Test For Authentic Participation". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4265.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation examines the public participation activities of State Departments of Transportation (SDOTs) in the United States. A review of existing literature and legal frameworks suggests that an "authentic" public participation results when dimensions of representativeness, use of public inputs, interactiveness, and quality of citizen inputs have been achieved. The study sought to identify conditions that serve as measurements that must presumably be satisfied for authenticity to exist in public participation. The result was a Model of Authentic Public Participation that served as the basis for creation of a new four-tiered methodology to assess the performance of these districts relative to authenticity requirements. This study also sought to identify the key determinants that lead districts to achieve Authentic Public Participation in District public involvement programs. A Predictor Model for Authentic Public Participation was created to test whether the key internal and external determinants are responsible for districts achieving authenticity in their public participation programs. The data for this study came from a mail-back survey that was administered to senior district administrators in 380 State Departments of Transportation districts in the United States. A total of 233 surveys were returned for a response rate of 61.3 percent. The results of the study suggest that most SDOT districts struggle to implement public participation programs that achieve high levels of authenticity. The increased use of public participation tools, specifically those active tools that allow for increased interaction between district staff and the public, can assist districts in achieving higher levels of authenticity in their programs. Of key importance to achievement of authenticity is the willingness of district staff to adopt new ideas and innovation learned from dealings with the public. District public participation programs benefit from training that increases the individual's acceptance of public participation as a valid mechanism for serving the public. Recommendations were made for SDOTs to work toward: • The creation of increased opportunities for the occurrence of Authentic Public Participation • The creation of individual ownership of authenticity in public participation • The creation of community partnerships to foster authenticity in public participationPh.D.
Other
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs: Ph.D.
6
Brett, Raphaël. "La participation du public à l'élaboration des normes environnementales". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS093.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’étude de la participation du public à l’élaboration des normes environnementales contribue à l’analyse de la mutation contemporaine de l’action publique. Elle démontre plus précisément que la participation, consacrée sous la forme d’un principe juridique à destination des États et sous la forme d’un droit subjectif à destination des administrés, est appréhendée différemment, mais de manière complémentaire, par les droits international, européens et national. Tenant aussi bien au désir des pouvoirs publics de restaurer leur légitimité qu’à leur volonté d’améliorer le contenu des décisions environnementales, par nature très complexe, la participation vise le perfectionnement des modalités de détermination de l’intérêt général mais n’en change pas la nature intrinsèque. Elle redessine ainsi le fonctionnement du régime représentatif en donnant plus d’importance aux citoyens et aux groupes d’intérêts, sans pour autant faire émerger une réelle post-modernité juridique dans laquelle l’État se contenterait de n’être qu’un simple agent de régulation. Elle est en outre à l’origine d’un renouvellement des modalités de participation politique, les pouvoirs publics créant peu à peu une véritable « trame participative », qui permet au public d’influencer – encore marginalement – le contenu des décisions ayant une incidence sur l’environnementThe study of Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making demonstrates that participation contributes to Modern state's mutation. International, europeans and french laws offer from now on various perspectives for the public to influence the construction of environmental decisions. If it does not change the nature of the french notion of general interest, it surely modifies the way to elaborate such interest. The study emphasizes more precisely the role of individuals and groups of interest in this new procedural democracy. It underlines furthermore the conditions in which public participation can really satisfy its two main objectives, the legitimization of public action and the improvement of the content of environmental decisions
7
Bond, Sophie, e n/a. "Participation, urbanism and power". University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.152556.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis explores how an adherence to professional principles can be reconciled with a commitment to inclusive participatory planning processes in urban governance. Two themes are drawn together. First, the study concerns recent shifts in thinking about public participation that have resulted in innovative approaches to engaging citizens in urban governance processes through deliberative, interactive workshops and forums. Second, the study focuses on power relations that are inherent in such forums, particularly when a variety of different knowledges (expert and lay) interact. The two themes are brought together by focusing on the participatory practices of the urbanist movement - an urban form movement that draws specific principles from the urbanism of traditional towns and cities in order to create socially and environmentally sustainable places. Within urbanist participation, professional principles for the built environment and a commitment to a form of deliberative democracy are combined. In this study, the crucial question asked is: what is the nature and effect of the power relations on the democratic character of public involvement in participatory planning processes?
To explore this issue, two urbanist Enquiry by Design processes were selected as retrospective case studies. One case involved a regeneration project for an inner urban area of a north England industrial town, while the other case involved a greenfield urban extension in the south west of England. The empirical research, undertaken in mid 2005, comprised 52 semi-structured interviews, analysis of extensive background material, and site visits. Research participants were selected to capture a range of perspectives and experiences of each process.
To understand the power relations in the cases a two pronged approach was taken. The study was informed by literature from communicative planning theory and deliberative democracy. From this literature, an Ethic for Communicative Participation was developed as a heuristic device to evaluate urbanist participation. Concomitantly, to understand the nature of the power relations involved in the deliberative forum, the study employed a discourse theory perspective after Laclau and Mouffe (2001). Thus, power was understood as relational and imbricated within all social relations, while conflict was conceived of as an indicator of power.
The study found that the urbanist discourse, as a hegemonic project, had a significant effect on the nature of the participatory processes. In disseminating and instituting a particular vision for urban sustainability, the urbanist participatory process was found to be instrumental to realising the urbanist vision in each locality. As such, the cases studied displayed a thin commitment to democracy. Moreover, the discursive constructions of concepts of community, representation, consensus and participation evident in the cases, exposed a unified and homogeneous understanding of social groups. Consequently, the complexity of power relations and conflict inherent in the processes were bracketed, resulting in the exclusion of certain perspectives.
Nevertheless, the study illustrated the value in understanding the inherently antagonistic nature of the public sphere for both research and practice. The study supported emerging claims for a democratic politics in which antagonism is transformed into agonism - a space of reciprocity and mutual respect in which contestations over meanings can be articulated. In the cases, the participatory space allowed participants to challenge the hegemonic nature of the dominant discourses. Therefore, the thesis argues for two important ways to rethink power in both theory and in practice. First, there must be a willingness to engage with conflict and power. Second, there must be an interrogation of claims to unity or collectivity. Understanding the public sphere as inherently antagonistic, heterogeneous, and criss-crossed with complex power relations potentially provides conditions in which hegemonic forces can be contested. An agonistic politics has the potential to facilitate the open contestation of different knowledges and transform the dominant power relations such that an enhanced democracy can ensue.
8
Keung, John Kam-Yin. "Public participation in planning in developing countries". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278529.
Testo completo
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Yao, Basilia Wang. "Technology and public participation in environmental decisions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37474.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-109).
Since 1970, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) has served as the main instrument for analyzing the environmental impacts of federal agency decisions and providing the public with opportunities to participate in the decision making process. For over 35 years, NEPA has defined the process by which agencies assess environmental impacts and disclose those assessments to the public. During this period however, NEPA has come under increasing scrutiny due to the considerable conflict surrounding environmental policies, eroding credibility of science-based policy information, and lack of meaningful public participation opportunities in practice. Experience has shown that collaborative decision making reduces conflict among participants, increases the credibility of science-based information underlying environmental decisions and improves the overall legitimacy of the participation process. The federal government has embraced web-based technology as a means of improving upon the traditional NEPA public participation process. Electronic participation has generated considerable interest among policymakers and scholars due to its potential to facilitate more efficient and more deliberative interaction between citizens and government.
(cont.) This paper analyzes a pilot program by the Bureau of Land Management to integrate electronic participation into its decision making process. I evaluate four cases involved in the ePlanning pilot to understand the extent to which recent electronic participation efforts build upon established best practices in traditional, or offline participation. While there are some encouraging signs, most cases indicate that technology is applied mostly as a means of digitizing existing steps in the decision making process, rather than as a tool for enhancing the communicative and deliberative aspects of participation. The democratic potential of web-based technology lies not in the automation of existing practice, but in the support of established best practices.
by Basilia Want Yao.
M.C.P.
10
Durose, E. Joan. "Public involvement in public sector organisations : why do we find it so difficult?" Thesis, Keele University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288497.
Testo completo
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Bothma, Victoria. "Public Private Participation : A case-study of public-private participation to promote environmental technology development by SMEs in Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185294.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the increasing understaning of the need for sustainable development, many are finding that existing systems of governance are not sufficiently complex to solve the environmental crisis (see Glasbergen, 2011; Brown et al., 2009). As a result, the recent years has seen the rise of public-private participation, strengthened by the endorsement of the concept by the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 (Andonova, 2010). In Europe, the concept of collaboration between state and private sector has been further endorsed by EUCETSA and former SWENTEC. Using a literature review to establish a theoretical basis, the study then embarks on a qualitative case-study of regional environmental technology networks. This study investigates the motivations causing the companies and networks to go into partnership with one another, and whether these motivations conflict. It also aims to find the perceived benefits of cooperation and the perceived end goals. The study finds that motivations for entering into partnership often seem to be business opportunity-oriented, although elements of risk, values, legal compliance and using existing capabilities also play a large role.
12
嚴小玲 e Siu-ling Theresa Yim. "Local public participation in public housing developments: striking a balance between public resources and localinterests". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3678798X.
Testo completo
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Moote, Margaret Ann 1965. "Changing models of administrative decision-making: Public participation in public land planning". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278479.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A case study is used to illustrate and assess the applicability of participatory democracy theory to public participation in public land decision-making. In this case, public outcry against a Bureau of Land Management acquisition plan resulted in adoption of a coordinated resource management process, an application of participatory democracy theory which is purported to improve public acceptance of administrative decisions by providing improved access and representation, information exchange and learning, continuity of participation, and shared decision-making authority. The study suggests that in order to satisfy the public, a participatory democracy approach to public participation should give participants tangible evidence that their input will influence agency decisions, preferably by giving them the authority to collectively make decisions that will be binding on all participants, including agencies. Furthermore, organizational and decision-making rules, as well as legal and bureaucratic limitations on the process, must be explicit.
14
Di, Santo Denise Lynn 1961. "Public participation and environmental justice: Involving the public at two Superfund sites". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278679.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A case study is used to assess the public involvement strategies used by the Environmental Protection Agency and in particular how these efforts affect implementation of its environmental justice responsibilities, and further the goals of Executive Order 12898. Restoration Advisory Boards (RABs) at two Superfund sites in EPA's Region 9--Tucson International Airport Area and Moffett Naval Air Station--are used as a basis for comparison with critical elements of the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council's Model Plan for Public Participation. Although some aspects of the model's critical elements are satisfied, some changes in approach are necessary to reach and involve broader public interests at the two sites. At the site where environmental justice is an issue, the goals of EPA's Environmental Justice Strategy are partially satisfied through the RAB and other agency activities, but efforts are limited by a traditional participatory approach and lack of community influence in decision-making.
15
盧穎芝 e Wing-chee Wincci Lo. "Public participation in transport planning in Hong Kong: how well does the road infrastructure planning in HongKong encourage public participation?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260895.
Testo completo
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Mohd, Anuar Haslinda. "Environmental rights in Malaysia : public participation under EIA". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study are: to examine the right of public participation in decision making under EIA law in Malaysia; to examine the existing limitations of public participation in decision making procedures under EIA; to examine the practice of public participation in EIA procedures; to examine public awareness of EIA and its implementation; to assess the importance of constitutional measures supporting public participation in environmental decision-making; and to examine prospects for law reform and changes in EIA law and planning procedures to improve both the level of public participation in EIA and the quality of decision making. This study adopted qualitative research. This involves at least seven data sources, which are Malaysian planning authorities, Departments of Environment (DoE), public in selected affected areas, Malaysian Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), EIA reports, statutes and law cases. The interview method has been used to generate data from the planning authorities, DoE, public and NGOs; and content analysis has been used while examining the EIA reports, statutes and law cases. This study identified significant lack of provision regarding right to access to information, ignorance of the EIA laws as well as its procedures on part of the public, inappropriate structured provision on right to public participation in EIA laws and restricted right to access to justice in environmental matters. It identified five significant limitations to the right to public participation; uncertainty of the EIA procedures and their uncertain legal status, limited access to information on EIA report, strict rule of standing, complexity of federal-state relationship, and lack of awareness among the public in Malaysia. In addition, this study found ignorance of the concept of ‘environmental rights’ on part of the decision makers and the public. This study concludes by highlighting the issues that need further investigation and proposes practical suggestions to the problems.
17
Kandaswamy, Suresh V. "Public participation within environmental impact assessment in India". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ42335.pdf.
Testo completo
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Heung, Pui-hang. "Public participation in urban renewal in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2006. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37937807.
Testo completo
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O'Connor, Evelyn Martina. "Perspectives on public participation in land use planning". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534582.
Testo completo
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Suksa-ard, Thanaphan. "Public participation in local health policy in Thailand". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Public participation (PP) has been promoted in Thailand in order to increase the level of democracy and human rights. However, progress has been slow and PP has done little to enhance either social or human rights development. In 1997, the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) launched a policy to promote PP at all levels of the MoPH's organisation, which resulted in a significant problem for Thai hospitals: identifying the procedure to promote PP and ways to ensure appropriate implementation in the hospital setting has proven to be a challenge. Therefore, this research aims to investigate major issues related " to PP in local health policy in Thailand. This research employed a sequential mixed-method strategy for the empirical investigation: beginning with quantitative and followed by qualitative methods. Both the ladder of participation and CLEAR models were used to complement each other: the ladder of participation model was used to identify the level of PP, and the CLEAR model was used to identify the factors that influenced the possibility for PP implementation. The quantitative stage used an online survey to review the current situation of PP at local level and to identify the hospitals with the highest levels of PP development for further investigation in the qualitative study. The on line survey was carried out at all Thai public hospitals (n=830) with a response rate of 33.86%. The qualitative stage used in-depth interviews with 25 key stakeholders at different levels (national level, hospital level and the public level) to explore in-depth detail about PP factors in the health policy-making process. Key findings showed that PP in local health policy development was either at a low level or underdeveloped. The meaning of PP was still unclear, as there was no generally agreed-to definition and there was a lack of clear procedures and models to guide hospitals in promoting PP. The hospitals were using a low level of PP activities, which focused on oneway communication. As a result the public still lacked power and opportunity to become involved in decision-making. Nevertheless, the stakeholders had a positive perception of PP as a useful practice to be developed for solving problems. The findings revealed five facilitating factors: law and international organisations, hospital policy, community context and social cohesion, relationships between the public and hospital, and the motivational factors for the public to engage in PP. Conversely, there were seven impeding factors: the government direction, national policy, leadership/director factors, staff perceptions and ability to promote PP, the representatives of the public, public factors and the response/feedback system.
21
Coleby, Alastor Merlin. "Public attitudes and community participation in windfarm development". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/129.
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22
Rodgers, Christienne. "Visioning: A Public Participation Process for Community Building". The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555223.
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23
Mozol, Patrick. "La participation du public à la vie municipale". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32037.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La participation du public à la vie municipale est un thème récurrent de l'administration communale. Elle procède des idées de démocratie et de citoyenneté locales, notions qui ont pris une dimension nouvelle depuis l'intervention des lois de décentralisation. Durant ces vingt dernières années, le législateur a fortement oeuvré en faveur de l'intervention publique dans les décisions et les politiques locales. Bien qu'elle soit de plus en plus marquée par les textes, qui ont ainsi considérablement renforcé sa dimension institutionnelle, la participation du public à la vie municipale demeure d'essence fondamentalement volontariste. Elle s'appuie avant tout sur l'initiative et la mobilisation des principaux acteurs locaux, élus et citoyens. Cependant, si les exigences de participation sont particulièrement fortes dans le cadre communal, la construction d'une démocratie participative locale, dépassant les traditionnels canaux de la représentation, n'est pas aussi simple qu'il y paraît. La présence de nombreux décalages entre, d'un côté, l'idée et le principe participatifs et, de l'autre, la réalité juridique et expérimentale de la participation, atteste de la difficulté d'une telle entrepriseThe participation of citizens to the local government management is a theme that keeps coming out of the local administrations. It partakes of ideas about democracy and local citizenship, which are notions that have taken a new dimension since the decentralization laws. For the past twenty years, the legislative power has striven to favorite public intervention in local policies. Even though the public participation is more and more codified by legislative texts which have largely reinforced its institutional dimension, participating to the local government management is mainly based on voluntarism. It relies above all on the initiative and the mobilization of the main local representatives and citizens. Yet, if participating democracy is particulary demanding at local level, the building of a local participatory democracy that departs from the traditional media of representation is not as siple as it seems. Numerous shifts between the idea of participatory principles on the one Hand and the juridical and experimental reality of participation on the other hand reveal the difficulty of undertaking such a task
24
Schaefer, David J. "Dynamics of electronic public spheres : verbing online participation /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318509162.
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25
Obermann, Konrad. "Public participation in the rationing of health care /". Diss., Aachen : Shaker, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009236382&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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26
Mozol, Patrick. "La participation du public à la vie municipale /". Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb393004216.
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27
Luise, Valencia Gluyas Jose. "Public-private participation in water infrastructure in Mexico". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13107/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is structured in three parts such as review of literature, data collection and the generation of a method for delivering infrastructure projects to Mexico. The first part reviews the private participation in infrastructure projects including public finance, privatisation and concession contracts; it also outlines the Private Finance Initiative and the Public Private Partnerships. The literature review of this research investigation examines the role of governments in developing countries in concession contracts including governmental aspects such as legal, political and bureaucratic support, risks, guarantees, transfer of the facility and outlines some roles that the Mexican government has undertaken in concession contracts. It also outlines the project finance approach, the sources of international and domestic finance through the global financial markets. Furthermore, it examines the financial instruments and financial risks. The last component of the literature review consists in selecting the research method in order to carry out this research investigation. The second part which is data collection was carried out in order to develop a case study which is a waste water treatment plant located in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. This case study contains a brief history of Mexico and the project, the concession contract and organisational structure including contracts and agreements; it also contains the financial package including financial instruments, payment mechanism, and assignment of revenues stream and assignment of risks. This data collected was at the same time verified by the executives that performed this project. The third part consist in the development of a hypothetical concession project which is a solution for delivering infrastructure projects applicable to Mexico, this is presented in this thesis as the novel method which is validated by several experts in the field of project finance in developing countries and Mexico. Finally, conclusions are drawn in the last chapter along with recommendations for further work.
28
Harris, Wesley Brian David. "Expanding Planning Public Participation Outreach Through Social Networking". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/567.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Public participation is not a form of civic responsibility that it once was. With not only fewer people taking part in the public participation process, there is a trend towards an older (45 years and older) group of residents that come to such meetings or workshops. Plans, such as Specific Plans or General Plans often take years to implement and require all generations to give feedback on what is needed for the future. Additionally, within the last decade, there has been a rise in social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter. These websites emerged as informal virtual places for friends to connect, but have slowly evolved into a tool for businesses, and more importantly, government to connect with constituents. This study explores the relationship between the decline of public participation with findings to support the reasons residents do not take part in the process, and the rise of social media as a tool for engagement with findings to support how cities nationwide use Facebook. Social media provides a two-way form of communication between the community and the local government which aides in promoting genuine participation. Additionally, social media allows for efficient outreach and noticing of meetings or public workshops. As opposed to newspaper or website noticing, websites such as Facebook allow for local governments to target a specific audience by location, age, or interests. Findings indicate that although many cities developed a Facebook Page to engage the “younger generation”, all ages became fans of the City operated Facebook Page. In addition, the findings show that the true potential of Facebook as a participatory tool have not been discovered. cities are developing their own ways of using it as a tool as there is no formal best practices manual for City planning departments. The findings of this study have provided the necessary information to develop a best practices manual for planning practitioners to utilize. The manual provides information on developing a Facebook Page as well as the implications of the technology.
29
Cele, Duduzile. "Public participation in service delivery at Umhlathuze Municipality". Thesis, University of Zululand, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1386.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Community Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2015.This study aimed at examining the extent to which the public participates in service delivery, looking specifically at the level and nature of participation in service delivery processes, and perceptions communities have with regards to the type of services rendered. The study was necessitated by continuous protests over service delivery at local government level noticed since 2006, and reports of very slow provision of services that did not meet the expectations of residents. Communities perceived the municipal officials to be self-serving and neglectful of their needs, while some municipalities were reported to be under investigation, and some were even put under provincial administration. Therefore the significance of this research cannot be overemphasised. The researcher acknowledges that there are numerous problems hindering service delivery at local government level, and this research study could not unpack all of them, but the delimitations of the study are stated in the dissertation. Contextualisation of the study was based on the existing legislative, theoretical and conceptual perspectives that apply in the domains of public participation and service delivery. Perspectives were drawn from various sources to test the level and effectiveness of public participation processes used by uMhlathuze Municipality in its service delivery. The nature of the study necessitated the use qualitative methods of data collection such as in-depth interviews and observation in order to: assess the level of community participation in decision-making regarding service delivery; examine community perceptions of the causal factors of good or poor service delivery; identify forms of service delivery that were provided and the beneficiaries of the services delivered. The findings of the study indicate that the participation of community members has been limited to being consulted and informed, but does not include involvement in decision-making about level of service provision nor creation of the beneficiary lists. Public is not involved in the creation of implementation plans, or monitoring and evaluation procedures. The findings of the study also reveal that the community perceived the political environment as a limiting factor in that it tended to have a big influence on the delivery of some the services. Although services such as water, electricity, sanitation (in a form of VIP toilets) and houses are provided to rural communities there are concerns regarding access and distribution of some of the resources, which are allegedly influenced by political alignment. It is concluded that public participation at municipal level really only takes the form of informing and consultation of communities. The public is not involved in crafting the actual implementation plan, and monitoring and evaluation procedures. It is also concluded that service delivery is characterised by lack of clarity on the criteria used for creating the beneficiary list. However, although the community is not satisfied with the lack of clarity on such an important aspect of the delivery of services, the level of infrastructural development, nor with the delivery of services itself, their being continuously informed and consulted by the municipality reassure them of the municipality‟s commitment to service provision. Recommendations are made for uMhlathuze Municipality, including a theoretical framework of effective public participation in service delivery. There are also recommendations for further research.
30
Frawley, Patsie, e timpat@pacific net au. "Participation in Government Disability Advisory Bodies in Australia: An Intellectual Disability perspective". La Trobe University. School of Social Work and Social Policy, 2008. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20090122.114029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This qualitative study examined the participatory experiences of people with an intellectual disability as members of government disability advisory bodies in Australia. These forums are one of the strategies adopted by governments to enable people with an intellectual disability to participate in the formulation of social policy. Such opportunities have arisen from progressive policy that frames people with an intellectual disability as full citizens with equal rights to inclusion and participation in society.
Little research has considered how people with an intellectual disability experience the participatory opportunities that have grown from this recognition of their rights. This reflects the more traditional focus on their status and participation as consumers and service users. The central question of this study is how people with an intellectual disability experience participation in government advisory bodies, and how such forums can be inclusive and meaningful.
This study positions people with an intellectual disability as the experts about their own experiences by relying primarily on their first person accounts of their experiences. Ethnographic and case study methods were employed including in-depth interviews with the central participants, document analysis, observation of the work of the advisory bodies and interviews with others involved in advisory bodies. Analysis led to the development of a typology of participation that describes the political and personal orientations people have to participation.
The study found that structures and the processes used by advisory bodies can mediate people�s experiences; however more significantly, the experiences of people with intellectual disability are shaped by their perception of how they are regarded by others. Central to this is the efficacy of support based on the development of collegiate relationships, similar to the notion of civic friendship described by Reinders (2002), rather than support that is solely focussed on tangible accommodations
The study concludes that citizen participation bodies have not fully recognised the personal and political potential of members with an intellectual disability. It presents evidence that people with an intellectual disability are capable of this form of participation, can provide legitimate and informed perspectives on policy and can engage meaningfully, given full recognition of their capacity to participate as well as structures and processes that enable this.
31
Yim, Siu-ling Theresa. "Local public participation in public housing developments striking a balance between public resources and local interests /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3678798X.
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32
Nortey, Henry. "Public participation in decision-making, a case study of National Capital Commission to integrate public participation into Gatineau Park master plan". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ28450.pdf.
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33
Esko, Susan Anne. "Public participation and environmental impact assessment in Romania : the case of Roșia Montana : a call for the institutionalisation of public participation". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5756.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis I develop a critical theory of public participation and deliberation in post-communist Romania. Primarily, this theory is developed from a critical assessment of two intermediate-level Romanian institutions: the deliberative system that has formed to debate the authorisation of a proposed gold mining project in Roșia Montana, Romania and the legitimacy claims of the series of hybrid forums that were convened as part of that project's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The hybrid forum legitimacy claims were assessed based on a standard of hybrid forum legitimacy developed in this thesis from deliberative democracy theory and practice. Grounded in new institutionalism theory, this thesis describes the historical and contemporary socio-economic conditions that have shaped Romanian public participation and deliberation.
34
Lo, Wing-chee Wincci. "Public participation in transport planning in Hong Kong : how well does the road infrastructure planning in Hong Kong encourage public participation? /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248443.
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35
Wong, Kwong-tat. "Tenant participation and depoliticisation of public housing in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20126645.
Testo completo
36
Albarran, Ilyana. "Decentralization and Citizen Participation in Mexico". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2223.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the past few decades, decentralization efforts in México have coincided with efforts to democratize the administrative decision-making process. Adopted in 1988, the Programa Nacional de Solidaridad (National Solidarity Program; PRONASOL) required citizen participation in decisions involving the use of federal resources for regional development and poverty alleviation projects. In 1998, Section 33 of the Ley de Coordinación Fiscal (Fiscal Coordination Law; LCF) placed Social Infrastructure Funds (SIF) directly under the supervision of municipalities and retained the requirement that citizens participate in decisions involving the allocation of funds.
The present study seeks to understand the factors that affect the participation of citizen committees (composed of community members; organized to address a particular cause) in SIF allocation decisions and assess the impact of this form of citizen participation on government performance. To pursue this objective, the study analyzes the implementation of LCF with respect to the role of citizen committees in SIF allocation decisions at two different locations: the township of Santa Maria Tonantzintla, located in the municipality of San Andrés Cholula, in the state of Puebla, and the rural municipality of Tenango Del Aire, located in El Estado de México (the State of México).
The study finds that gender, church participation, and personal economy play major roles in the formation of citizen committees. Although the citizen committees have been instrumental in getting their SIF projects prioritized, they have had little effect on the quality or efficiency with which the projects were carried out. In general, the municipal decision-making process in both municipalities lack mechanisms to guarantee citizen participation and thus to ensure consideration of the broader public interest beyond the interest of organized groups. Because SIF can be used for various economic development projects, such as water, sewage, electrification, emergency clinics, and schools, it was of particular importance to determine whether the participatory mechanism was functioning correctly. Given the nature of the projects carried out by municipalities, flaws in the implementation process, including failures to include the broader public, could hinder not only local economic development, but also the economic growth of the nation.
37
Smith-Walter, Aaron M. "Crafting the Public: Grid-Group Cultural Theory and the Mechanisms of Public Participation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Requirements regarding participation by the public in planning and decision making functions of Metropolitan Planning Organizations have become more detailed over the past several decades by adding more groups and individuals to the list of those who should be included in agency planning efforts. This increased emphasis on public participation in MPOs makes the design and selection of particular participation mechanisms by MPO planning staff an important subject for study. The extant literature on public participation takes a view of the planner as one who is able to interpret the existing technical, social, and political requirements of a planning task and match them with the appropriate public participation mechanism. However, this view of the planner overlooks his or her own understanding of the role of the public in agency decision making. This dissertation employs Grid-Group Cultural Theory to explore how a planner's worldview impacts their selection of particular public participation mechanisms. Data were collected using an online survey instrument and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Findings indicate that those planners who held a hierarchist worldview were less likely than egalitarians and individualist planners to select mechanisms that are more intensive (in their requirements for communication). In addition, the research finds that factors internal to the MPO including the budget, project schedule, political priorities, the type of projects, safety issues and agency priorities also have an impact on the mechanisms for public participation selected by MPO planning staff.Ph. D.
38
Hendriks, Carolyn Maree. "Public deliberation and interest organisations : a study of responses to lay citizen engagement in public policy /". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20050921.103047/index.html.
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39
Esko, Susan A. "Public participation and environmental impact assessment in Romania: The case of Ro¿ia Montan¿. A call for the institutionalisation of public participation". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5756.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis I develop a critical theory of public participation and
deliberation in post-communist Romania. Primarily, this theory is developed
from a critical assessment of two intermediate-level Romanian institutions: the
deliberative system that has formed to debate the authorisation of a proposed
gold mining project in Ro¿ia Montan¿, Romania and the legitimacy claims of the
series of hybrid forums that were convened as part of that project¿s
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The hybrid forum legitimacy claims
were assessed based on a standard of hybrid forum legitimacy developed in
this thesis from deliberative democracy theory and practice. Grounded in new
institutionalism theory, this thesis describes the historical and contemporary
socio-economic conditions that have shaped Romanian public participation and
deliberation.American Fulbright Commission
40
Liao, Yueh-Ting. "From public movement to public participation – prospect of better coastal zone management in Taiwan". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171801.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Is the public movement the only way to stop the development project? What did activists experience when they communicate with the government within the system? This research studied two critical coastal conflicts in Taiwan- Kuokuang Petrochemical Project and Miramar Resort Project to find out root causes of movement, the practice of participating mechanism, and possible improvements. The study shows that the movement has its irreplaceable position, because the awareness, information, and participating mechanism are still insufficient in today’s Taiwan. For a better coastal zone management, it is necessary to complete the related legislation, improve the system and upgrade the mind-set from the government to the grassroots.
41
Finney, Colin Michael. "Scientific citizenship : extending public participation in scientific decision making". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8807.
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42
Friedel, Tracy L. "Case study of Aboriginal parent participation in public education". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/MQ47135.pdf.
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43
Yip, Pui-wah Miranda, e 葉佩華. "Barriers to environmental protection participation among public housing residents". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256089.
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44
Padilla-Galiano, Túbal H. "Public participation in environmental impact assessment in Puerto Rico". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69286.
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45
Skarlatidou, A. "Trust in web geographical information systems for public participation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348205/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Maps have a long history in the communication of spatial information, yet Web Geographical Information Systems (Web GIS) expanded map use to a wide variety of contexts and to include people who do not have knowledge of spatial and GIS issues (non- experts). This non-expert interaction with Web GIS generates Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) implications. While such HCI elements as usability attracted the attention of GIS research, additional HCI aspects, such as trust, were overlooked. The significance of trust in non-expert interaction with Web GIS becomes more apparent as these tools are used to engage the public at different levels of public participation. The public participation literature suggests that when Information and Communication Technology (ICT) mediums such as Web GIS are used to engage the public, it is essential that they improve public knowledge and trust. This thesis researches how this can be achieved, using the case of the site selection of a nuclear waste repository in the UK. Firstly, the thesis presents an HCI-based investigation of existing Web GIS applications to understand the functional and perceptual attributes that influence non-experts' trust perceptions and introduces a set of trust guidelines. These guidelines inform the development and design of the PE-Nuclear tool, a Web GIS to inform lay people about the site selection process of a nuclear waste repository in the UK. Secondly, the Mental Models approach is used to support the development of the PE-Nuclear tool's information content based on lay people's mental models, needs and expectations. Finally, the tool is evaluated to investigate separately whether the trust guidelines and the information content improve public trust and knowledge. The research findings and methodological framework provide a holistic approach for the development of Web GIS applications, which have the potential to enhance public knowledge and help non-experts develop rational trust perceptions, protecting them from unethical and inappropriate use of the technology. It is essential to further note that this research thesis supported the identification of critical gaps and methodological implications that should inform future GIS research, especially of an HCI character. Last but not least due to the multidisciplinary nature of this research, the scientific knowledge gained contributes to other fields such as Risk Communication, Public Participation, but also provides important lessons to inform the current Nuclear Waste Management Programme in the UK.
46
Basílio, Maria do Sacramento Bombaça. "Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships : Risk factors and agents' participation". Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Doutoramento em GestãoInfrastructure investments are essential to achieve economic prosperity, promoting growth and enhancing well-being. Any infrastructure project is a long-term and complex project, par¬ticularly due to the specific nature of the assets and because it involves numerous stakeholders with different interests and objectives. In such conditions, uncertainty and risks are emphasized. Financing infrastructure is particularly challenging given the amount of funds required that are mostly sunk costs. An attractive mechanism, in the governments' perspective, is to use Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and Project Finance techniques. Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) assume an important role on the raise of funds. Besides their primary lending function, another relevant role emerges - risk reduction. Public entities encourage private sector involvement in infrastructure particularly through PPP. These partnerships are used to reduce the infrastructure gap and accelerating the delivery of public assets and services with clear advantages over traditional methods of procurement. Theoretically, economic reasons may be presented supporting PPP. Portugal has a long history using PPP but there are very few papers on the field. In this dissertation, the Portuguese experience is presented with a focus on five projects. In addition, a model to access the relative operational performance of the SCUT concessions is developed using Data Envelopment Analysis. PPP are particularly relevant to developing and emerging countries where the less stable environment emphasizes risks. Different country's risk factors affect PPP arrangements, condi¬tioning the investments intensity and the participation of the private agents, as well as, of MDB. To explore these issues, an empirical analysis is performed using PPP data from 1990-2007. The results indicate the dominance of the economic conditions and of the legal framework, to ex¬plain the agents' participation in PPP and, MDB' participation is higher for riskier countries, confirming the mechanism of risk reduction.
47
Atoyan, Gayane. "EIA and public participation in development decisions in Armenia". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3300.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Environmental Impact Assessment Law was adopted in Armenia in 1995.The Law has a mission to control environmental decision-making in the country and comply with the international treaties and conventions ratified by Armenia. The recent rapid developments of environmental hazards in Armenia have raised a concern whether the existing Law is meeting the needs of the country and its citizens. The comparative doctrinal research has been conducted to question the legal provisions, implementation and compliance of the RA EIA Law with International Environmental Treaties, which Armenia is a Party. The comparison of the existing RA EIA Law with similar laws in European Union and the USA was necessary to assess the instrument’s best practice to find out the errors and make possible recommendations for improvement of the environmental governance in the country. In the process of the research work, the RA EIA law was amended in 2014. Therefore, the research had a chance to compare both legal texts and assess their similarities, differences and positive development of the Law. The comparative analysis of all mentioned instruments revealed existing deficiencies of the RA EIA Law and provided further improvement and development recommendations as an outcome of this unique and unprecedented work.
48
Sisilana, Mzubanzi. "‘Public participation and environmental law: A South African perspective’". University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7591.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Magister Legum - LLMThe Constitution of the Republic of South Africa ‘despite being one of the world’s most liberal constitutions, South Africans still have no transparent and participatory mechanisms for deciding democratically on the uptake of new technologies or development projects, even those which impact on millions of lives and livelihoods. There are limited opportunities for intervention in very circumscribed public participation processes, which are often derisory in the sharing of any sovereignty with citizens in the name of producing better public policy. When citizens are left out of debates confined to government and the business community, the only means of influencing policy is to petition, protest, or litigate, usually after the horse has bolted.’ Public participation is a very delicate issue in South Africa due to the history of the exclusion of certain people from the process of governance. When governments and business sectors make decisions about land development and natural resources, they certainly impact on the health, livelihoods and quality of life of local communities.
49
af, Malmborg Solith. "Designing dialogue : Using design rationale to advise public participation". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Malmstens Linköpings universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176370.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to research how design rationale may improve practices for participatory design in urban planning. Knowledge on sustainable development, participatory planning in public sector, design rationale and innovation are brought together to form a cohesive understanding for the matter of citizen dialogue and participation. To further gain knowledge on the subject a case study is done following the planning of a consultation at the urban planning office in Norrköping by participatory observations. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews are conducted with civil servants from Norrköping and Norrtälje, discussing the theme of citizen dialogue and municipal capacity and competence for its performance. The knowledge contributions addresses the specific case study at first hand, but are also applicable in some general sense. The study shows that design rationale can be of use and inspiration to address issues of culture and mental models in public sector, as these as believed to stand in the way of forming a more innovative and adaptive public sector that can design better practices for dialogue and participation. Design thinking and attitude can bring openness and human centred perspectives, among other things, to public organisations. For the case study in question it is suggested that the urban planning office would benefit from implementing and trying out ways of working that are more in line with design thinking and attitude. It is also suggested that they might benefit from employing an experienced designer to be part of planning procedures, as expert designers can adapt methods and tools for participation to design case specific activities. To employ a more case specific and local approach to participatory practices is proposed to bring better results, both in terms of its democratic breakthrough as well as its impact on social sustainability. Overall, this thesis offers contributions to design knowledge, knowledge that in turn can be important for the area of sustainable development at large.
50
Bradley, Catherine M. "Student involvement in the natural resources public participation process". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent trends and research indicate a continuous decrease in civic involvement that impacts skills and abilities of individuals to participate in public decision-making in a meaningful way. Evidence indicates that student involvement in the public participation process can increase civic participation as adults. Gaps in the literature indicate a need to identify ways to increase student involvement in the public participation process, and to improve the process overall. Using a mail survey instrument, two groups in Arizona--planners and teachers grades 4 through 12--were queried to determine what methods are currently used to increase civic awareness and participation, and what each group needs to involve students more often in the public participation process. Survey results are compared between groups to understand compatibility of methods, and opportunities for planner/teacher partnership. Results indicate similarities in methods used but incompatibility regarding preference or frequency of use of methods. Both groups strongly agree there is student benefit from participation in the public planning process. They also agree that student involvement adds value to the planning process. Both groups' results suggest a need to learn more about how to involve students in the public participation process Two case studies are used to make a case for teacher-lead student involvement in the public participation process. Four goals from the environmental education field are modified and proposed, as an approach to structure effective student involvement.