Tesi sul tema "Public compagnies"
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Eglinger, Jean-Philippe. "Genèse, situation actuelle et perspectives d'avenir des compagnies générales (Tông công Ty) en République socialiste du Vietnam à travers les sources vietnamiennes". Paris, INALCO, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INAL0009.
Testo completoThe reform policy of the state owned enterprises was politically stressed in 1986, by the Đồi móʾi policy. Eager to better determine the role, the nature, and the structure of these organizations within the global framework of the reorganization of the public sector in Vietnam, I gathered the data coming from various Vietnamese open sources, which allowed me to better understand both the political and the social dimension that the Vietnamese authorities placed in such state owned enterprises, especially in the State Corporations (Tổng công ty). Inherited from a political system, placed at the center of a global process of transformation, the “State Corporation” had to be described and explained by the authorities to the various components of the Vietnamese society. This research focuses on the systematic treatment of Vietnamese open information to make it possible to apprehend a subject placed in the dynamics of evolution determined by the Vietnamese authorities. This study thus aims at presenting the structuring of the newspaper industry making it possible to determine the environment and the techniques of use of open information facilitating the treatment of a Vietnamese contemporary subject. Then we will try to include/understand the organization and the role of these companies in the Vietnamese system; to underline the first difficulties with which these structures are confronted (difficulty in combining "socio politico-economic" objective assigned against their fall of economic profitability on less and less protected markets); to identify the management of reforms of these structures recommended by the Vietnamese authorities within the framework of world economic integration
Takambe, Pédro Koyanté. "Le poids de l'État dans les activités des Grands Ports Maritimes en France et du Port Autonome de Lomé au Togo - analyse comparée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0023.
Testo completoWith the globalisation of the increasingly competitive maritime freight transport market, commercial seaports have become more and more increasingly economically sensitive areas. While governments have always taken a major interest in their ports, this interest has grown both for governments and for port economic operators such as stevedores, shippers, carriers and shipowners, precisely because of the development of international trade, which favours transport by sea, which is highly adapted to change.The collaboration between the State and these essential actors in the port area, who are generally legal entities under private law, raises questions about the legal framework of the partnership that is best suited to the economic, financial and port activities development stakes of each party. With a view to improving the efficiency of the management and operation of the Major Seaports and the Autonomous Port of Lomé, the french and togolese States have carried out successive reforms and adopted port policies in order to turn these ports into hubs of the global trade of goods. In France, the most important port reform to date is law no. 2008-660 of 4 july 2008 on port reform. In Togo, we can cite decree no. 91-027 of 2nd october 1991 transforming the Autonomous Port of Lomé into a State-owned company, or law no. 2021-034 of 31st december 2021 on public-private partnership contracts.Through these port reforms and policies, France and Togo have aimed to improve the performance, attractiveness and, by extension, the competitiveness of their commercial seaports on a regional and international scale. However, the results achieved have always been insufficient and have never lived up to expectations. Indeed, analysis shows that the level of competitiveness of the Major Seaports and the Autonomous Port of Lomé remains well below expectations. The reports of the french Court of audit, in this case that of 2017 entitled ‘ʻAssessment of the reform of the major seaports : uneven implementation, modest effects, insufficient attractivenessʼʼ is illustrative. The same is true of the historical report of Togo's Court of audit in february 2015 entitled ʻʻFinal observations report on the management control of the Autonomous Port of Lomé (PAL) : financial year 2008, 2009, 2010''.This situation raises questions about the efficiency of the legal, political and strategic arsenal relating to the management and operation of these ports. This thesis therefore sets out to make a legal diagnosis of the underlying causes of the lack of competitiveness of the Major Seaports and the Autonomous Port of Lomé, marked by the very active interventionism of the State in port affairs.Keyword : Seaports ; public companies ; governance ; public domain ; public contracting ; public-private partnership ; environment
Lecordier, Sophie. "Les charters et la libéralisation du transport aérien dans l'Europe communautaire". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0029.
Testo completoAir transportation is insured by two types of service, du one hand regular services and, on the other hand, non regular services, commonly known as charters. The development of their respective legal status, tends to eliminate their distinction and results in the dilution of the charter flight, henceforth operated by both specific charter companies and by regular companies. Nonetheless, public service obligations required of the latter primarily justify a certain state controlled development of charter companies. Face with this state control, charters companies and tour operator will initiate legal action vis-a-vis the cjce which will stimulate community action. The commission and the council will take position by liberalising community air transportation. Nevertheless, this liberalization will affects the charters as the will permit the regular companies to increase their clientele by including those traditinally handled by charter companies, while the latter should respond by the regularisation of their flights or integration into a tourist group
Rohrbacher, Michel. "La Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est : contribution à l'histoire juridique des transports ferroviaires". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA007.
Testo completoThe French East Railway Company is a railway public limited company which was founded in 1854. Several statutory railway companies in the North East of France merged into one to create it. The East Company lost a part of its network after the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. However, it continued to exist until the railway nationalization in 1937. The East Railway Company then became the East Investment Trust, with representation on the board of directors of the French National Railway Company, and with shares up to 17,9% of its capital.This thesis, which focuses on the public service, will first examine the East Railway Company as a business firm. Its elements, its working and the status of its workforce will be analyzed. Secondly the creation of the Eastern network and its development will be presented. The concepts of concession, compulsory purchase order, carriage transport contract and liability will be underlined
Benso, Gérard. "Les transports maritimes et aériens de la Corse : la continuité territoriale". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3076/document.
Testo completoCorsica is the northernmost of the big western Mediterranean islands, as well as the smallest (3680 km2) and the less populated (330 000 inhabitants). Even if Corsica is nearer from Italian coasts than French ones, it takes part fully of French mainland where a significant diaspora lives and creates tight trades.Since Antiquity, Corsica had business relations with the mainland. It started with Italian peninsula, and went on with mainland France after its annexation in 1768.Two main technological revolutions promoted a huge increase in the trade relations: the emergence of steamboats in 1830 followed by the plane in the 20th century.Technological improvements are still continuing to reduce time of flights and sea crossings, increasing thus transport capacity.Territorial collectivity of Corsica is in charge of transports and delegates public services to the airlines and shipping companies. While French state progressively withdraws, European Union is more and more involved to impose free market.Even if infrastructures evolved with the fleet changings, they are still determined by the compartmentalized relief of the island which led to the construction of seven ports and four airports in order to serve better the different territories.Goods’ traffic is of modest size and unbalanced (entries rather higher than exits), whereas passengers’ one has increased tenfold in sixty years. For this last one, an inequality of distribution along the year is observed (seasonal variations), as well as between ports and airports. Progressively the plane’s part gets closer to the boat’s one. Passengers are mainly tourists that remain less numerous than those of the competing islands.Fares have been reduced significantly for Corsican residents, but still remain high for the other passengers. This problem will have to be solved to improve territorial continuity
Williot, Jean-Pierre. "Naissance d'un service public, le gaz à Paris /". Paris : Éd. Rive droite : Institut d'histoire de l'industrie, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37218057s.
Testo completoEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 697-722. Index.
Buttner, François. "De la sécurité des établissements publics à la défense de l'Empire : histoire des compagnies de réserve départementale 1805-1814". Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30011.
Testo completo"compagnies de reserve departementales" were organized by emperor napoleon in 1805 and disbanded by king louis the eighteenth in 1814. They were composed of recruits, commanded by retired officers and paid on funds of cities and "departements". Such units were created later in every new "departement" of the french empire. Formerly, their mission was the security of "prefectures" and of some public buildings. In fact, "prefets", who were directly in command of them, gave them missions concerning law and order : search of uncompliant recruits, convoy of prisoners of war. . . Furthermore, the emperor drew in their ranks large reinforcements for his armies, especially from 1808 (for spain) to 1813 (for saxony). The destiny of those drafts, during somewhat unknown operations, and their actions against invasion in 1814 are also presented
Berneron-Couvenhes, Marie-Françoise. "La Compagnie de navigation française des messageries maritimes de 1851 à 1914 : entreprise de transport et service public". Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040181.
Testo completoButtner, François. "De la sécurité des établissements publics à la défense de l'Empire histoire des compagnies de réserve départementales, 1805-1814 /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376035323.
Testo completoHolmes, Donna Leanne. "Old company records the effect of custodial history on the arrangement and description of selected archival collections of business records /". Connect to thesis, 2008. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2008.0020.html.
Testo completoPeniguel, Jean-François. "Le maintien de l'ordre dans les campagnes bretonnes au XIXe siècle : l'exemple de la compagnie de gendarmerie d'Ille-et-Vilaine, 1800-1870". Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10406.
Testo completoBritt, Joshua Edward. "Enlightenment on the Margins: The Catholic Enlightenment as Reflected in Ludovico Antonio Muratori's Il Cristianesimo Felice nelle Missioni De' Padri della Compagnia di Gesù nel Paraguai". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5349.
Testo completoLoum-Neeser, N'deye fatou. "Les pays en développement et la brevetabilité des médicaments en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA : étude de droit comparé sur les controverses actuelles concernant le rôle des brevets pharmaceutiques dans l'accès aux médicaments de traitement du VIH/SIDA des pays en voie de développement". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA034/document.
Testo completoIn developing countries, problems brought about by HIV/AIDS and inaccessibility of antiretrovirals (ARVs) are proving to be the cause of serious damages at all levels (demographic, political, social and economic). Within the context of the World Trade Organization, and in particular the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), a growing number of developing countries have integrated or are in the process of integrating into their national law an international standard of patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes. Such integration continues to play a major role in the issue of access to medicines in developing countries. The conditions and effects of the protection regime respecting innovations give rise to heated debates between supporters of an increased patent protection and defenders of the access to essential medicines. One of the main motivations for our research is to provide a study that helps to find solutions that are both in favour of improving access to medicines and protecting innovation. The complex problem of access to ARV drugs in developing countries is influenced by the multidisciplinarity and interdependence of many factors. The patent system does not solve the problem on its own. However, it should be seriously considered in its function of balancing the private and collective interests. It is a valuable legal tool for the economic and technological development of the developing countries and to achieve the common interest against the pandemic
Zhai, Yun. "La Compagnie française de tramways et d’éclairage électriques de Shanghai. De la construction à l’exploitation : performances, stratégies et structures (1901-1961)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL043.
Testo completoAs the largest French public utilities operator in the first half of the twentieth century in China, the Compagnie française de tramways et d'éclairage électriques de Shanghai (abbreviated to CFTE) is a representative case of successfully applying the concession model abroad. The Franco-Belgian capital agreement enabled the company to monopolize the parallel services of electricity, water, and public transport (tramway, trolleybus and bus) in the Shanghai French Concession. However, the financial and technical operations of CFTE have been no less challenged by a series of local and global events. This thesis aims to study the firm's performances throughout its operation. Firstly, CFTE's success is attributable to the support and protection of the French Concession's public authorities. Secondly, the pricing and adaptation strategies employed by the company are key to its good performances. Thirdly, CFTE has taken a policy that is both cooperative and competitive with its Chinese and Anglo-Saxon counterparts based outside its zone of influence. Compared with its "bold" Anglo-Saxon competitor, CFTE has not escaped a trend toward mericanization which is particularly reflected in the evolution of its structural organization
Montagnon, Florent. "Construire le stable et l’instable : la gestion du personnel d’exécution des transports publics urbains lyonnais (1894-1948)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20054.
Testo completoThe public transportation system of Lyons – France’s second most populous city, is operated by the Compagnie des omnibus et tramways de Lyon (OTL). This private corporation was founded in 1879. In common with all French public service companies, OTL pre-empted employment legislation by providing employment guarantees and social benefits for certain grades employees, the “incumbents”. Thanks to working rules, most of incumbents, employees with set schedule and assignement, were able to forecast forthcoming hours or working places. All these measures were defined in the collective agreements which OTL entered into with the strong union and the local authorities – the city of Lyons and the département du Rhône.But OTL also had to adapt its workforce to the numbers of passengers conveyed and kilometers covered against a background of wild workload fluctuations and sought to reduce costs. So as early as the dawn of the 20th century the OTL company defined flexible working practices built around working paces, times and occupations. Until 1949, all staff was hired with employment contracts that combined open or fixed-term contracts with part-time or full-time work, before they possibly were offered a more stable post: the “casuals” were hired to work only on Sundays or weekdays on an as needs basis and could be fired without compensation. Internal flexibility also affected the “incumbents”, primarily at the start of their careers.Three strong trends emerge from analyzing the history of OTL personnel management. First, the conceptualization and sophistication of flexible practices were concomitant with the advent of guarantees achieved by the incumbents. Second, the temporal working rules became more and more complex. Third, the workforce was divided between incumbents who stayed in the firm thirty years and lots of casuals or incumbents who resigned because of low wages and flexibility, who worked a few weeks
Correia, Vincent. "L’Union européenne et l’ordre international de l’aviation civile : la contribution de l'Union européenne aux évolutions contemporaines du droit aérien international". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40050.
Testo completoThe way in which the Member States have redefined the conditions regarding how they exercise their air sovereignty, by progressively transferring power to the European Union, cannot be viewed solely as them removing and reducing their individual powers. The powers conferred to the European Union in aviation matters are resulting in an affirmation of the international role of Europe as a whole. This on-going, and as yet incomplete process, may be seen in a greater recognition of the specific European aspect regarding Civil Aviation. In spite of the hesitance of Member States and non-member States, the European Union has progressively taken its place among the key players, able to influence developments in modern aviation law, in the same way as other established aviation authorities and especially the United States. These new trends reveal the flexibility and elasticity of the Chicago Convention and the potential future developments in International Civil Aviation
Tremblay, Yves. "Histoire sociale et technique de l'électrification au Bas-Saint-Laurent, 1888-1963". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29274.
Testo completoHarvey, Bernard. "Dompter la houille blanche : la construction des barrages au Québec, 1898 à 1963 : un essai sur l'évolution des techniques et sur la place des ingénieurs francophones". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0028/MQ38107.pdf.
Testo completoBosembo, Ilondjo Maurice. "Évaluation des besoins et des ressources hospitalières en Afrique centrale". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15310.
Testo completoRocheleau, Jean-Philippe. "Les caractéristiques environnementales du risque d’exposition aux arbovirus au Québec". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18325.
Testo completoArboviral infections represent a considerable and growing health burden globally. The complexity of biotic and abiotic factors involved in the transmission of these arboviruses pose a challenge to scientists trying to understand, model or anticipate arboviral transmission as well as to public health authorities who have the responsibility to monitor, assess and manage the public health risk posed by arboviruses. This study aimed at estimating and characterizing the risk of exposure to several arboviruses suspected of being active and emerging in Québec but whose distribution had not been studied thoroughly in Québec: West Nile virus (WNV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and two viruses of the California serogroup (CSG), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) and Snowshoe hare virus (SHV). Based on the assumption that animals of different species sharing a common environment also share similar environmental risk, this study also aimed to assess whether some populations of domestic animals could help to estimate and characterize the risk of arboviral infection in humans. Serological sampling of human, canine and equine populations from southwestern Québec was used to evaluate and compare the seroprevalence to the selected arboviruses in each of these three species. Seroprevalence estimates showed a significant level of arboviral activity for all arboviruses. Differences were noted in the percentage of seropositive individuals in each species. Environmental factors that influence the risk of infection by EEEV were modeled based on serological and clinical data in horses. Wooded wetlands were identified as the main risk environments for EEEV in Québec while agricultural areas were identified as protective environments. Environmental factors affecting the risk of WNV infection were modeled based on serological data in dogs and aggregated clinical data in humans. These models suggested a higher risk in agricultural areas in dogs and a lower risk in forest areas in humans, two factors rarely identified in the North American literature. Environmental and individual factors affecting the risk of infection by CSGV in humans and dogs have subsequently been modeled based on serological data in these two species. According to our models, the risk of infection with these viruses would be higher in forested areas and the degree of exposure to mosquito bites would be a risk factor for infection in both species. This study substantially enhanced the comprehension of arboviral activity in Québec. It allowed for characterizing the distribution of risk and provided evidence that may support research and planning of public health interventions. The methodology used in this study supports the relevance of the "One Health" approach for the study of emerging vector-borne diseases.