Tesi sul tema "Psychosocial"
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1
Vyas-Lee, J. "Perinatal psychosocial interventions". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17719/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Joint working between adult and child services has historically been difficult; the Think Family Toolkit was produced by the government in order to aid collaborative working. Aim: The aim of this evaluation was to explore joint working between services using the Think Family Toolkit. Method: An adult team, child team and service users were given questionnaires to explore joint working. Results: Joint working was described as something that would be useful but there were many barriers to achieving it. The child team did not respond to the questionnaire perhaps due to time constraints and potential burnout. Conclusions: Recommendations are provided to increase the effectiveness of joint working between services.
2
Lawton, Brett Thomas. "Orthodontic psychosocial impacts". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000728.
Testo completo
3
Marzooqi, Suad M. Al. "Psychologically derived non-epileptic attack disorder (PNEAD) : psychosocial influences and psychosocial effects". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368627.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Some of the most pressing problems of health care involve the presentation of physical pathology in the absence of physical disease. Psychogenic non-epileptic attack disorder (PNEAD) accounts for a small but significant proportion of referrals to neurologists. Management of this condition is difficult because little is known about what factors are important in understanding its development and maintenance. Mismanagement of PNEAD can result in inappropriate use of anti-epileptic drugs and neglect of psychological needs. This thesis contains 3 studies. Study 1 examined the psychosocial factors that are important in understanding the development and maintenance of PNEAD. Assessments included childhood and adulthood abuse, anxiety and depression, somatisation, parental overprotection, hypochondriacal concerns and family dysfunction. One hundred and sixty two patients took part in this study matched for age and sex between PNEAD and epilepsy groups. PNEAD patients recalled more childhood and adulthood abuse than epilepsy patients and were more emotionally distressed. Findings from this study suggest that abuse and family of origin are involved in the development ofPNEAD. In study 2, 30 patients with PNEAD were matched by age and gender with an epilepsy control group. They completed questionnaires at the time of diagnosis and 3 months later measuring impact of condition, illness and symptom beliefs, family and psychosocial functioning, and satisfaction with consultation. This study compared PNEAD and epilepsy patients' reaction to the diagnosis of their condition.Before diagnosis there were few significant differences between PNEAD and epilepsy patients. After diagnosis significant differences emerged between the two groups. The diagnosis of PNEAD patients, compared with epilepsy patients, was associated with a greater negative psychological impact. Such findings may reflect for PNEAD patients the fact that they are not provided with an adequate explanation for their symptoms and behaviour. In study 3, 194 patients were matched between PNEAD and epilepsy groups by age and gender. They had been diagnosed 12-36 months previously. This study examined factors that may contribute to differences in impact of PNEAD vs epilepsy by measuring family and psychosocial function, beliefs regarding illness, clinical characteristics of attacks and satisfaction with the consultation process. Impact of the condition was greater for PNEAD than epilepsy patients. Factors that helped to explain such differences included the perceived psychological and physical impairment.
4
Lloyd, Catherine Elizabeth. "Psychosocial factors and diabetes". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247718.
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5
Johnson, Joana. "Psychosocial interventions and museums". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13809/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Previous research has shown that people with dementia and carers derive wellbeing-related benefits from group art-viewing, and that facilitated museum object handling is effective in increasing subjective wellbeing for people with a range of health conditions. The present study aimed to compare the impact of these activities on subjective wellbeing of people with dementia and carers. A quasi-experimental crossover design was used. People with early to middle stage dementia and their respective carers (N = 66) attended a museum session in small groups where they participated in three activities: museum object handling, a refreshment break and art-viewing. Visual analogue scales were used to rate subjective wellbeing pre and post object-handling and art-viewing. Mixed-design ANOVAs indicated wellbeing significantly increased for people with dementia and carers during the museum session irrespective of the order in which they participated in object-handling and art-viewing. Analysis of pre and post-condition scores across pooled orders indicated wellbeing significantly increased from object-handling and art-viewing for carers; wellbeing for people with dementia significantly increased from object-handling; the increase from art-viewing was not statistically significant. A refreshment break did not produce significant change in wellbeing for either group. An end-of-intervention questionnaire indicated that experiences of the session were positive. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed. Results provided a rationale for partnership working between museums and healthcare professionals.
6
Dodd, Will. "Psychosocial Development in Adolescents". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8923.
Testo completo
7
Friedlander, Anne. "Stillbirth : a psychosocial crisis". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15835.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliography.This study is an investigation of the psychosocial trauma of stillbirth and the implications of that trauma for case management. Stillbirth is considered a crisis for parents that calls for immediate intervention and constructive management. It strains family coping mechanisms and can overwhelm them if not properly handled. Additionally, a grief response follows a stillbirth which must be recognised, accepted, and treated therapeutically if needed. Parents' problems and needs have not been adequately met by medical, social or community services. There is also little recognition of the training needed by medical personnel in the management of stillbirths. Stillbirth is also a crisis for medical personnel as the delivery of a dead baby evokes feelings of confusion and stress for those dealing with the confinement and aftercare. By highlighting the psychological and emotional sequelae of stillbirths for parents, the needs of parents after the event, and the needs of personnel providing care, the writer intended to contribute to an improved understanding of the issues related to stillbirth and, ultimately, to more compassionate care for those who experience this unhappy event. Issues analyzed and recorded are as follows: The emotional and physical reactions of mothers following a stillbirth; the assistance that parents need in order to adjust constructively; the impact that the stillbirth has upon the family; the mothers' interpretation of their management in hospital; and the hospital and community services rendered and needed to assist with constructive adjustment. Study data was collected over a six month period. Subjects were selected from one hospital and were residents of the municipal areas of Cape Town. Two face-to-face interviews were conducted with each respondent using a semi-structured interview schedule. The first interview, which took place within a week of the mothers' discharge from hospital, gathered data on the reactions of the respondents to stillbirth, the impact of stillbirth on the family, and respondents' interpretation of their management in hospital. This interview was tape-recorded. The second interview followed the interview schedule and obtained information on the needs of families after a stillbirth. Data was coded on the interview schedules and statistical analysis was done by computer. The findings of this study agreed with previous ones, that mothers display typical grief reactions after a stillbirth. The stillbirth was experienced as a disappointment that caused significant distress for the majority of mothers. Management was found to be satisfactory with the exception of post-natal placement. The need for options in this area became evident. A lack of social and psychological services, both within the hospital and in the community, was found. Using knowledge gained from this study, a support organization for parents experiencing stillbirths has been organized with the writer's assistance. A breakdown in communication between the hospital and the local authority health nursing services, in terms of knowledge about the stillbirth, was apparent, and improvement in this area is needed. Recommended guidelines for management based on the research findings and literature review have been proposed. The role of the social worker, doctor and nursing sister have been outlined.
8
Adams-Gardner, Myrtle Grace. "Psychosocial barriers to participation in adult learning and education: Applying a psychosocial Interaction model". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL)Adult learners’ perception of factors that are internal to their perceived control of their lives can be challenging to overcome when making a decision to participate in learning. There are complex relationships between psychological, and social barriers to participation in adult learning. Psychosocial barriers can deter adults’ participation in learning programmes. Understanding the nature of such barriers can enable policymakers, educators and adult learners create strategies to reduce such barriers in order to increase adults’ participation in adult learning. This study investigated the research question: What are adult learners’ perceptions of psycho-social factors that undermine participation in adult education and learning? The psycho-social interaction model adopted as a conceptual framework allowed the study to contextualise and analyse the effects of socio-economic status on the adult learner’s decision and readiness to participate. The model provided the broad segments of the adult learners’ pre-adulthood and adulthood learning years and through a thematic analysis attempted to analyse psychosocial factors that emerged as barriers to participatory behaviour in learning. An interview guide was used during a semi-structured interview. The study investigated a group of adult learners attending a non-formal learning programme in Central Johannesburg, South Africa. The selection of participants included 6 males and 4 females between 21 years to 49 years of age. The study findings showed that the adult learners’ perceptions of family support as well as the learning environment support are key enabling factors, which assist the adult learner to develop learning capabilities. Negative experiences with prior schooling was also described as a psychosocial barrier to participation. Age was a socio-economic variable that influenced the type of stimuli participants identified as a psycho-social factor which influenced their decision to take up further learning. Adult learners felt confident to successfully complete their current and future studies however perceived their learning press as a motivating factor that impacted their decision to participate. Findings also suggested that experiences of adult learners are unique to their specific context and educational planning can integrate ways to address enhancement of learning experiences for a diverse learner audience in non-formal learning programmes. The study concluded that while adult learners acquire social competencies through accessing non-formal programmes, further learning support is necessary to overcome the social and psychological complexities needed to develop basic academic learning capabilities.
9
Adams-Gardner, Myrtle. "Psychosocial barriers to participation in adult learning and education: Applying a PsychoSocial Interaction Model". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6482.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL)Adult learners’ perception of factors that are internal to their perceived control of their lives can be challenging to overcome when making a decision to participate in learning. There are complex relationships between psychological, and social barriers to participation in adult learning. Psychosocial barriers can deter adults’ participation in learning programmes. Understanding the nature of such barriers can enable policymakers, educators and adult learners create strategies to reduce such barriers in order to increase adults’ participation in adult learning. This study investigated the research question: What are adult learners’ perceptions of psycho-social factors that undermine participation in adult education and learning? The psycho-social interaction model adopted as a conceptual framework allowed the study to contextualise and analyse the effects of socio-economic status on the adult learner’s decision and readiness to participate. The model provided the broad segments of the adult learners’ pre-adulthood and adulthood learning years and through a thematic analysis attempted to analyse psychosocial factors that emerged as barriers to participatory behaviour in learning. An interview guide was used during a semi-structured interview. The study investigated a group of adult learners attending a non-formal learning programme in Central Johannesburg, South Africa. The selection of participants included 6 males and 4 females between 21 years to 49 years of age. The study findings showed that the adult learners’ perceptions of family support as well as the learning environment support are key enabling factors, which assist the adult learner to develop learning capabilities. Negative experiences with prior schooling was also described as a psychosocial barrier to participation. Age was a socio-economic variable that influenced the type of stimuli participants identified as a psycho-social factor which influenced their decision to take up further learning. Adult learners felt confident to successfully complete their current and future studies however perceived their learning press as a motivating factor that impacted their decision to participate. Findings also suggested that experiences of adult learners are unique to their specific context and educational planning can integrate ways to address enhancement of learning experiences for a diverse learner audience in non-formal learning programmes. The study concluded that while adult learners acquire social competencies through accessing nonformal programmes, further learning support is necessary to overcome the social and psychological complexities needed to develop basic academic learning capabilities.
10
Luxmoore, Coryndon Steven. "Psychosocial influences on cannabis use /". [St Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17337.pdf.
Testo completo
11
McLaughlin, Deirdre P. "Ageing and epilepsy : psychosocial impact /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19068.pdf.
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12
Wolf, Jutta Manuela. "Psychosocial Stress and Addison's Disease". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1142418669410-00716.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Die Psychoneuroimmunologie beschäftigt sich unter anderem mit der Frage, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen psychosozialer Stress krank macht. Humanstudien, die dieser Frage nachgehen, können dabei meist nur korrelative Zusammenhänge aufdecken. Um trotzdem Aussagen zu Mechanismen, Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen und klinische Relevanz treffen zu können, muss z.B. auf Befunde aus der Tierforschung oder aus in vitro-Studien zurückgegriffen werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, eine Methode zu finden, welche eine breitere Interpretationsgrundlage für korrelative Befunde aus Humanstudien liefert. Als besonders viel versprechend kann die Untersuchung von Patienten mit Morbus Addison angesehen werden. Patienten mit dieser Erkrankung können aufgrund zerstörter Nebennierenrinden kein Cortisol produzieren. Dieses Fehlen von Cortisol wird medikamentös ausgeglichen. Da bislang keine experimentellen Daten zu den aus der Substitutionstherapie resultierenden freien Cortisolkonzentrationen sowie den endokrinologischen Reaktionen auf Stress vorliegen, wurden in einem ersten Schritt diese beiden Fragestellungen bearbeitet. Anschließend wurde die Methode auf immunologische Fragestellungen angewandt. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Studien zeigen zum einen, dass die medikamentöse Morbus Addison-Therapie in der momentanen Form nicht geeignet ist, den bei Gesunden zu beobachtenden zirkadianen Cortisolrhythmus optimal nachzustellen. Des weiteren bestätigte sich, dass psychosozialer Stress bei Patienten mit Morbus Addison lediglich eine Noradrenalinantwort auslöst, stress-induzierte Anstiege in Cortisol und Adrenalin jedoch ausbleiben. Eine Injektion von 0.03mg/kg Hydrocortison nach einem akuten Stresstest zeigte sich als geeignet, normale stressinduzierte Cortisolanstiege und Maximalwerte nachzustellen. In den untersuchten Immunparametern unterschieden sich gesunde Probanden und Patienten mit Morbus Addison vor Stressinduktion nicht. Stress-bedingte Veränderungen in peripheren Lymphozytenzahlen lassen sich dahingehend interpretieren, dass bei Patienten zwar akut eine Einwanderung von Lymphozyten aus dem Gewebe in das Blut stattfindet, aber Cortisol mitverantwortlich ist für die anschließende Redistribution. Bleibt eine Cortisolstressantwort aus, deutet dieser Befund auf ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko hin. Die Verläufe zur stimulierten Produktion des Entzündungsmediators Interleukin-6 stehen im Einklang mit der Hypothese, dass stress-induzierte Cortisolkonzentrationen vor einer überschießenden Entzündungsreaktion schützen. Des weiteren lässt sich bei gesunden Probanden das Absinken der NF-?B-Aktivität nach Stress durch Cortisolwerte direkt nach Stress, bei Morbus Addison-Patienten hingegen durch Veränderungen im Noradrenalin vorhersagen. Das vorliegende Dissertationsprojekt konnte zeigen, dass die Untersuchung von Patienten mit Morbus Addison ein Erfolg versprechender Ansatz ist, um die Gültigkeit von psychoneuroimmunologischen in vitro- und Tierbefunden im intakten menschlichen Organismus zu überprüfen. Die vorliegenden Daten deuten zudem auf eine erstaunliche Anpassungsfähigkeit des Immunsystems hin, was die Notwendigkeit deutlich macht, komplexe psychoneuroimmunologische Prozesse auch im Humanbereich unter Anwendung der Kriterien Hormonsubtraktion und -substitution zu untersuchen. Die Untersuchung von Morbus Addison-Patienten wird in zukünftigen Studien sicherlich entscheidende Hinweise zur klinischen Relevanz einer normalen endokrinen Stressantwort liefern könnenThe field of psychoneuroimmunology is among other things dedicated to the question, whether and on what terms psychosocial stress results in disease. Human studies investigating this question often only reveal associations. Consequences regarding mechanisms, causes, and clinical relevance, are thus usually deduced from animal or in vitro studies. The aim of the present thesis was to find an approach, which provides a broader basis for interpretations of correlative findings from human studies. The investigation of patients with Addison´s disease was regarded as the most promising approach. Due to destroyed adrenal glands, these patients are not able to produce cortisol, which therefore has to be substituted. Since no experimental data regarding free cortisol levels resulting from substitution therapy as well as endocrine stress responses are available, in a first step these two question formulations were investigated. Subsequently, this approach was used to investigate two immunological question formulations. The present studies found patients with Addison´s disease to be over-treated. Psychosocial stress resulted in noradrenaline but not in cortisol or adrenaline responses. An injection of 0.03mg/kg hydrocortisone after stress was suitable to induce increases in cortisol levels and cortisol maximums comparable to healthy subjects. Healthy subjects and patients with Addison´s disease did not differ in any baseline immune measures. Stress-induced changes in lymphocyte numbers suggest cortisol being necessary for lymphocyte redistribution subsequent to stress-induced migration into peripheral blood. Without stress-induced cortisol increases, patients are at higher risk for infectious diseases. The trajectories of stimulated interleukin-6 production support the hypothesis of stress-induced cortisol levels protecting the organism against an over-reacting inflammatory immune reaction. Furthermore, in healthy subjects post-stress cortisol levels predicted stress-induced decreases in NF-´B activity, whereas in patients with Addison´s disease noradrenaline predicted such changes. The results of the present thesis supports the assumption of Addison´s disease being a promising approach to test the validity of psychoneuroimmunological in vitro and animal data in human whole organism. Additionally, the present data emphasize the astonishing adaptability of the immune system. This further emphasizes the necessity to investigate psychoneuroimmunological processes utilizing the criteria of hormone subtraction and hormone substitution also in human research. In future studies investigation of patients with Addison´s diseases will certainly provide crucial evidence regarding the clinical relevance of a normal endocrine stress response
13
Sharma, Abhiram. "Psychosocial factors in colorectal cancer". Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445739.
Testo completo
14
Muftin, Zina. "Psychosocial self help for disfigurement". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2889/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the utility of self-help for individuals with disfigurements. While variations in adjustment exist, research has also identified high levels of psychosocial distress, particularly relating to social anxiety and fear of negative evaluations. Psychological interventions have the potential to improve psychosocial functioning. However, owing to the stigma of disfigurements and gaps in services, psychological interventions are scarce. There is scope for self-help to meet the gaps in services. The first section is a systematic review of self-help for disfigurements. The aims were to identify and appraise what is currently known about self-help and explore outcomes and user perspectives in its use. Nine studies with varied methodology met the inclusion criteria. Randomised controlled trials are scarce but demonstrate tentative support for self-help interventions to lower psychosocial distress, particularly in reducing anxiety. Self-help is also actively sought with satisfaction for the medium. Recommendations for future research and clinical implications are discussed. To meet the gaps identified by the review, a randomised controlled feasibility trial was conducted with a psoriasis sample utilising compassion-focused self-help. The study aimed to address questions about recruitment, attrition, acceptability and effectiveness. The primary outcome of interest was external shame. Both self-help interventions significantly lowered external shame with small effects observed (d = .20). The interventions had high acceptability but attrition was high at 30%.
15
Pielage, Suzanne Brenda. "Adult attachment and psychosocial functioning". [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/292494661.
Testo completo
16
Ignatius, Catherine. "Divorce and adolescent psychosocial development". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
17
Marget, Nancy. "Psychosocial factors underlying problem gambling". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The psychosocial correlates of adolescent gambling behavior were assessed among 7th, 9th, and 11 th graders. Participants (N = 587) completed questionnaires concerning their gambling behavior, coping skills, locus of control, depression, and substance use. Adolescents were grouped into 1 of 4 groups based upon their performance on the DSM-IV-J (Fisher, 1992) gambling screen: non-gamblers, social gamblers, problem gamblers, and probable pathological gamblers. This research examined whether individuals belonging to the 4 groups differ with respect to locus of control, coping skills, depression, and substance use. Results indicated that probable pathological gamblers were characterized by an external locus of control and reported higher levels of maladaptive coping styles, depression, and regular substance use than non-gamblers and social gamblers. Logistic regression analyses suggest that coping skills, locus of control, substance use, and depression alone do not adequately predict pathological gambling, but do seem to play an important role in the etiology nonetheless. Implications are discussed.
18
Scannell, Claire. "Psychosocial factors in postpartum depression". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6552.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined 214 New Zealand women, both during pregnancy and in the postpartum, in order to determine the influence of infant-related stressors, unplanned pregnancy, social support and the role of the marital relationship in the development of postpartum depression. The relationship of demographic factors, the woman's feelings about having a new baby in the family and previous history of depression were also analyzed.
The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was 30.8% during pregnancy and 39.7% in the postpartum. Postpartum depression was predicted by depression during pregnancy, by poorer postpartum marital adjustment and by lower levels of postpartum social support. The strongest predictor of the change in depression scores over time was depression during pregnancy. The important role of depression during pregnancy in the etiology of postpartum depression, suggests that postpartum depression is a continuation of depression during pregnancy.
Women who were more depressed during pregnancy tended to be younger, of lower socio-economic status, and to have a reported history of depressive episodes prior to their pregnancies. Higher levels of prepartum depression were also related to women's feelings of being unhappier about having a new baby in the family, to poorer marital adjustment, and to lower levels of social support during pregnancy.
Depression during pregnancy was found to be more likely to have a negative effect on marital adjustment than poor marital adjustment on depression. Similarly, depression during pregnancy was found to be more likely to have a negative effect on social support, than vice versa.
However, further regression analyses, showed that postpartum marital adjustment and postpartum social support had a strong relation to postpartum depression, irrespective of the levels of prepartum marital adjustment, prepartum social support, and prepartum depression.
Contrary to predictions, neither infant temperament, nor infant risk were related to postpartum depression.
19
Eisemann, Martin. "Psychosocial aspects of depressive disorders". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101299.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study was to elucidate the possible importance of factors from the social environment for the development of depression. As a theoretical framework, Engel's biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1980), based on systems theory, has been applied. Proceeding from the single individual (characterized by experience, personality, behaviour) as the highest level of the organismic hierarchy the following system levels have been taken into account: dyads, family, community, culture-subculture. The depressive patients (n=lll) showed to be living in a narrowed social network and to lack confiding relationships compared with a non-psychiatric control sample (n=98). The personality characteristics (e.g. anxiety, detachment, suspicion) of the patients were related to experienced loneliness, contact difficulties, social network features and leisure activities. By means of a discriminant analysis 83% of the subjects could be correctly classified. In a study of perceived parental rearing, depressives showed to have experienced lack of emotional warmth. As regards social class an overrepresentation of social class III in the subgroups of unipolar, bipolar and unspecified depression was observed. Finally, implications for treatment are discussed in favour of a combination of drug and cognitive psychotherapy. Future research strategies are also suggested.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1985, härtill 8 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
20
Baker, Anna Helen. "Psychosocial predictors of dietary behaviour". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317568/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For over two decades, epidemiological research has provided increasingly stronger evidence for a link between fruit and vegetable consumption and, cancer and heart disease. This has led health experts to recommend that people consume at least 5 servings of fruit and vegetables a day. In the UK, as in many European countries, the average consumption is approximately half the recommended level. Research has also shown that there are low levels of nutritional knowledge within the community, which might be one explanation for these low levels. The present studies examine the associations between cognitions and behaviour for intake of fruit and vegetables in two different populations, and then test the efficacy of a tailored intervention for changing eating behaviour, knowledge and attitudes in two randomised controlled studies. Two large studies were carried out in different samples of the population. The first study took place in a cancer screening setting with an older adult sample (n=1054), and showed that knowledge and attitudes were independent predictors of dietary behaviour. Data from the baseline survey were used to create a brief, personalised, tailored intervention designed to increase knowledge, improve attitudes and thereby modify behaviour. Results from the 6-week follow-up showed that the intervention was successful in improving nutritional knowledge, changing attitudes to fruit and increasing fruit and vegetable intake. Increases in intake were correlated both with increases in nutritional knowledge and positive change to attitudes. The second study was planned as a replication and extension of the first, with some improvements in measures and a more representative sample. It took place in a dental clinic setting (n=1846). Knowledge and attitudes were again shown to be independent predictors of fruit and vegetable intake, and variations in knowledge accounted for some of the demographic variations in intake. Subsequently a 3-group design was then used to test the effectiveness of the tailored intervention, comparing it this time to a general intervention and an untreated control group. The tailored intervention group produced significant changes in behaviour and knowledge compared to both the general intervention and control group, while the general intervention produced only significant increases to nutritional knowledge. The results suggest that tailored interventions can be a successful tool to use for changing knowledge and attitudes, and is more effective than a standard leaflet for everybody. Therefore it is important to consider the practicalities of using tailoring in the design of dietary interventions especially for improving fruit and vegetable intake which have previously been difficult to adjust. The two studies were limited by self-report measures of intake, and future work needs to consider incorporating some kind of objective validation. Also while medical settings proved feasible for carrying out interventions, participants were not representative of the general population, so any extrapolation to the general population must be cautious. Future research might examine setting effects for efficacy as well as feasibility. The recent developments in information technology could be used to assist future intervention studies in producing tailored interventions for larger groups of people.
21
Kiriakidis, Stavros Pavlou. "Psychosocial correlates of juvenile delinquency". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1876.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present thesis is a detailed and in depth examination of the reasons of re-offending, perceived by young offenders in custody, drawn from the largest Young Offenders' Institution in Scotland. Mainly materialistic and affective reasons were provided, in line with previous research, yet the issue of drugs abuse emerged as salient. The thesis focused on the immediate and more proximally related factors of re-offending, predicting young offenders' decisions to re-offend in the future. One hundred and fifty two young offenders were randomly selected and participated in a structured interview. The interview assessed several background characteristics, their perceptions of the costs and benefits of their future offending, their perceived normative influences in their future offending and their perceptions of desisting from future offending by controlling several criminogenic factors in the future. In addition, the participants completed two self-reported measures: the Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI)- and the Moral Disengagement Scale(MDS). Intentions of re-offending in the future were predicted by perceived control and attitudes towards future offending. Background factors, related and predictive of recidivism and chronic offending, failed to contribute to the prediction of variation of intentions, over and above the contribution of perceptions of control and attitudes of re-offending. The results suggest that attitudes towards offending and perceptions of control over offending provide a parsimonious framework of assessing and predicting young offenders' intentions of reoffending in the future. Moreover, the detailed examination of the control and behavioural beliefs underlying the two constructs, perceived control to desist from offending and attitudes towards offending, can guide to the specific needs that are perceived as criminogenic by the young offenders and potentially inform the content and the direction of any intervention programs within the correctional settings of young offenders aiming at reducing levels of recidivism. Two dimensions of child-rearing practices, parental care and protection, were examined in relation to normative data, background characteristics and cognitive representations of future offending, and it was found that the relation between perceptions of parenting and intentions of re-offending were mediated by attitudes towards offending in the future. In addition, the associations of moral disengagement, as a failure of self-regulation of morality with past recidivism rates and age of initiation of offending were examined, and were found, contrary to expectations, mainly unrelated. However, the overall score of Moral Disengagement of the young offenders was significantly higher in comparison to normative data. The results suggest that Moral Disengagement could be a factor differentiating young people involved in criminal activity and processed by the legal system from young people who are not involved in criminal activity and/or are unaffected by official monitoring. Moral Disengagement, however, might not be related with frequency of offending within groups of young people in the correctional institutions. Moral disengagement was also found mainly unrelated with background characteristics of the young offenders, suggesting that self-regulation of morality is relatively independent from influences from the social environment. Finally, the relations of Moral Disengagement and cognitive representations of offending in the future were discussed in terms of self-regulation of hierarchically organised feedback loops.
22
Gard, Gunvor. "Physical and psychosocial occupational strain". Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Hälsa och rehabilitering, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This monography thesis is based on five empirical studies of physical and psychosocial occupational strain in working life. The first three studies concern the working environment of crane couplers. The first study, a questionnaire study, showed that monotonous postures and movements, heavy lifting and long walking distances were common reasons for regarding crane coupling as a physically strenuous work. The second study, a medical study, showed that clinical findings were more prevalent in the right neck- and shoulder region. The third study, an electromyographic study showed that the physical strain in crane coupling can be reduced by using wooden or other light weight spacers, to rearrange the layout so that slinging is always possible or by using slings mode of fibre or other light weight material. This study also indicated that crane coupling work may cause harmful effects to the shoulder- or neck region. The fourth study examined psychosocial strain and qualification in administrative computer work by using questionnaires, interviews and physiological measurements at repeated occasions. The results indicated a good agreement between level of qualification, psychosocial work load and job satisfaction. Computerisation lead to increased qualifications at work. This improved job satisfaction but at the same time resulted in an increased workload. The fifth study concerns how patients visiting primary health care perceive physical and psychosocial occupational strain. It could be shown that the patients perceived physical as well as psychosocial strain as important working environment problemsGodkänd; 1990; 20060928 (andbra)
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Golembiovskaya, A. "Psychosocial issues of the globalization". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22793.
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Dodd, Julia. "Psychosocial Factors in Diabetes Care". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7347.
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25
Lotter, Allison Dawn. "The Psychosocial Effects of Dysphagia". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1438266322.
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Tweedy, Maureen P. "Metabolic Syndrome and Psychosocial Factors". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11005/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose, that commonly cluster together and can result in cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the components that comprise the syndrome vary by age and by racial/ethnic group. In addition, previous research has indicated that the risk factors contributing to metabolic syndrome may be exacerbated by exposure to perceived stress. This study utilized data from the 2002, 2004, and 2006 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data sets. It was hypothesized that depression and anxiety (conceptualized as stress in this study) increase the risk of presenting with metabolic syndrome while social support decreases the risk of metabolic syndrome. While results of cross-sectional analysis do not indicate a significant relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome (t = -.84, ns), longitudinal analysis does indicate a significant relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome over time (t = -5.20, p <.001). However, anxiety is not significantly related to metabolic syndrome when the relationship is examined through cross-sectional analysis (t = -1.51, ns) and longitudinal analysis (χ² = 13.83, ns). Similarly, social support is not significantly related to metabolic syndrome when examined in cross-sectional (χ² = .63, ns) and longitudinal (t = 1.53, ns) analysis. Although level of stress is not significantly related to metabolic syndrome as a whole, there is a significant relationship between stress and both triglyceride level (t = -2.94, p = .003) and blood glucose level (t = -3.26, p = .001).
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Sorohan, Helen Henrietta. "Psychosocial factors and pregnancy outcome". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273937.
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O'Shea, Sharon. "Female Sexual Victimization: Psychosocial Consequences". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500451/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This archival and qualitative research adds insight into the psychosocial consequences females of sexual victimization incur. Sexual abuse is a pervasive, complex societal problem experienced by 30%-46% of American females. The psychosocial consequences are numerous, often severe, and can result in death. They include: anxiety, BPD, denial, dependence, despair, eating disorders, destructive relationships, fear, guilt, hallucinations, helplessness, hopelessness, hysteria, insecurity, isolation, MPD, nightmares, numbness, passivity, pessimism, phobias, PTSD, rage, self-loathing, sexual dysfunctions, shame, shock, sleeping disorders, stigmatization, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. The severity of psychosocial consequences to female victims varies greatly depending upon the degree, duration, and emotion surrounding the abuse, the victim's health, and the health of the victim's social network. In conclusion, strategies suggested in the literature to combat female sexual victimization are outlined.
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Tweedy, Maureen P. Guarnaccia Charles Anthony. "Metabolic syndrome and psychosocial factors". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11005.
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30
Hodge, Stephanie Jean. "Psychosocial underpinnings of metabolic syndrome". Thesis, Ulster University, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.737993.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rate of obesity throughout Europe has more than doubled over the past 20 years. It was hypothesised that certain patterns of adiposity and associated co-morbidity metabolic parameters were related to certain psychological traits and neurochemical markers. The study aim was to measure associations between adiposity, metabolic markers, psychological traits and the neurochemicals whole blood serotonin and salivary cortisol, in a single study. Participants were healthy (n=102), males (n=35) and females (n=67), aged 20-65 years (mean 39.7 years). The literature review found that some patterns of adiposity were associated with metabolic risk factors more strongly than were others. Gynoid fat may be a healthier state of adiposity in terms of cardiovascular health. Negative emotional traits, such as anxiety were associated with greater risk for metabolic syndrome/obesity, whilst positive measures such as optimism were linked with lower risk. Experimental findings showed optimism being linked with lower adiposity and life satisfaction associated with greater high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Associations between whole blood (WB) serotonin and anthropometric measures found lower WB serotonin being associated with greater adiposity, and that this may be sex-linked. The theory that adiposity may be linked to salivary cortisol and certain psychological factors showed positive associations between gynoid fat, BMI and resilience. Higher salivary cortisol was also correlated with greater perceived stress, and with lower trait mood. These data imply a link between cortisol, adiposity and psychological factors. There are few studies in the literature linking these cross-disciplinary fields. Results suggest that serotonin could be an antecedent and/or a consequence of obesity. Data also suggest that psychometric and salivary cortisol factors, particularly resilience, may interplay together to contribute towards adiposity. This study also implies that the positive traits of optimism, resilience and life satisfaction are related to better metabolic health and more “healthy” patterns of fat deposition.
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Taylor, Nick. "Understanding the psychosocial experience of vitiligo in understudied populations : the potential for psychosocial self-help". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4763/.
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Galán, Ortega Santiago J. "Psychosocial support for young cancer survivors". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461095.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El nombre de supervivents de càncer està creixent. Tanmateix, els efectes secundaris i a llarg plaç causats pel mateix càncer o pel seu tractament poden crear necessitats addicionals. Identificar quines són aquestes necessitats i desenvolupar directrius específiques sobre com es poden satisfer és important per garantir una qualitat de vida satisfactòria en aquesta població. Aquesta tesi està relacionada amb aquesta àrea de coneixement i té tres estudis: una revisió sistemàtica de les necessitats d'Adolescents i adults joves (Estudi I), un estudi Delphi sobre la importància d'aquestes necessitats (Study II) i una validació de l'Escala de Centralitat d'Esdeveniments (CES) per al seu ús amb joves de parla hispana (Estudi III). Les principals conclusions són les següents:
1. Els adolescents i adults joves supervivents de càncer tenen necessitats específiques com ara rebre informació i assessorament individualitzat, assistència personalitzada en la fase de posttractament, assistència psicològica i suport social.
2. Moltes d'aquestes necessitats relacionades amb la fertilitat i la salut sexual, el manteniment d'un estil de vida saludable, el suport social i familiar i les relacions entre iguals rarament es troben satisfetes.
3. El CES és una eina d'avaluació fiable i vàlida per ser utilitzada amb joves, que pot ajudar a determinar la importància de la centralitat de l'esdeveniment per adaptar-se als esdeveniments del càncer.El número de supervivientes de cáncer está creciendo. Sin embargo, los efectos secundarios y a largo plazo causados por el cáncer o por su tratamiento pueden dar lugar a necesidades adicionales. Identificar cuáles son estas necesidades y desarrollar pautas específicas sobre cómo se pueden satisfacer es importante para garantizar una calidad de vida satisfactoria en esta población. Esta tesis está relacionada con esta área de conocimiento y cuenta con tres estudios: una revisión sistemática de las necesidades de adolescentes y jóvenes adultos (Estudio I), un estudio con metodología Delphi sobre la importancia de estas necesidades (Estudio II) y una validación de la escala de Centralidad de eventos (CES) para su uso con jóvenes de habla hispana (Estudio III). Las principales conclusiones son las siguientes: 1. Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes supervivientes de cáncer tienen necesidades específicas tales como recibir información y asesoramiento individualizado, cuidado a medida en la fase posterior al tratamiento, ayuda psicológica y apoyo social. 2. Las necesidades relacionadas con la fertilidad y la salud sexual, el mantenimiento de un estilo de vida saludable, el apoyo social y familiar y las relaciones con los compañeros rara vez se encuentran cubiertas. 3. El CES es una herramienta de evaluación fiable y válida para ser utilizada en gente joven, que puede ayudar a determinar la importancia de la centralidad del evento para el ajuste a la vivencia del cáncer.
The number of cancer survivors is growing. However, the side and late effects caused by cancer itself or by the cancer treatment may result in additional needs. Identifying what these needs are and developing specific guidelines about how they can be satisfied is important in order to guarantee a satisfactory quality of life in this population. This Thesis is related to this area of knowledge, and has three studies: a systematic review of the needs of AYAs (Study I), a Delphi study about the importance of these needs (Study II) and a validation of the Centrality of Event Scale (CES) for its use with Spanish-speaking youths (Study III). The main conclusions are the following: 1. AYA cancer survivors have specific needs such as receiving information and individualized counselling, tailored care in the post- treatment phase, and psychological help and social support. 2. Several of these needs are seldom met, mostly related to: fertility and sexual health, healthy lifestyle maintenance, social and family support, and peer relationships. 3. The CES is a reliable and valid assessment tool to be used with young people, which can help determine the importance of centrality to adjustment to cancer events.
33
Pearce, Josie. "Psychosocial pathways between adversity and psychosis". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/80963/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Meta-analytic evidence suggests that adverse experiences contribute to the development of psychosis, including paranoia and hearing voices. These adverse experiences include childhood trauma (such as physical, emotional and sexual abuse) as well as experiences such as neglect, social inequality and poverty. One adverse experience that has received less attention is discrimination. Firstly, this thesis examines and synthesises the empirical literature that has linked psychosis to discrimination related to minority group status (for example, being victimised as a result of one’s gender, ethnicity or sexual orientation). The review highlights the importance of future research utilising stronger methodological designs to help clarify the findings, however results indicate that discrimination appears to be associated with an increase in severity and incidence of psychosis, particularly in non-help seeking participants. The second aim of this thesis was to examine psychological mechanisms that may mediate the associations between adversity and specific experiences of psychosis. For example, dissociation has been found to mediate the relationship between adversity and voices, whereas insecure attachment to mediate the relationship between adversity and paranoia. Other researchers have challenged this specificity and proposed that certain attachment styles, for example fearful attachment, might be implicated in both paranoia and voices. Therefore, using an online survey with 112 participants self-reporting psychosis, correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the role of dissociation and attachment in the relationships between trauma in childhood, paranoia and voices. Findings indicate that dissociation, but not insecure attachment, mediates the relationship between trauma and voices, whereas both attachment and dissociation mediate the link between trauma and paranoia.
34
Sarasalo, Elina. "Kleptomania and shoplifting : a psychosocial study /". Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971219sara.
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35
Everhart, Joshua. "Psychosocial correlates of smoking among Latinos". Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/30084.
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36
Bélanger, Eliane. "Abortion pain : psychosocial and medical predictors". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74035.
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37
Abracen, Jeffrey. "Psychosocial risk factors for HIV infection". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28976.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A group of 21 HIV-positive gay or bisexual men was compared with a matched group of 22 HIV-negative individuals. All subjects were sexually active gay or bisexual males matched for age, as well as age at first intercourse with males. Subjects completed a detailed sexual history questionnaire as well as a series of standardized measures of psychosocial functioning. Results indicated that subjects engaged in a wide range of unsafe sexual behaviours, and frequently combined drugs with sex. Scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) were significantly correlated with lifetime condom use. Social support was also found to be significantly associated with the lifetime number of homosexual partners. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between MAST scores and social support and a positive relationship between social support and CD-4 cell count. The groups were found to be similar in terms of clinical levels of anxiety and depression, self-esteem in interpersonal situations, and risk-taking personality.
38
Rees, Tim. "Psychosocial determinants of dimensions of performance". Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322899.
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39
Biggart, Laura. "Fathers, work and family : psychosocial influences". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/20535/.
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40
Lee, Wing-ming Mary. "Psychosocial adjustment of multiple sclerosis patients". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29653058.
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41
Lau, Wai-yin Vanessa. "Psychosocial adjustment of people with epilepsy". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29727236.
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42
Parr, Heather Joy. "Psychosocial factors associated with metabolic syndrome". Thesis, Ulster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650080.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rising levels of metabolic syndrome across Europe and India, and scant research on psychosocial determinants prompted these studies. Stress, depression and physical inactivity were hypothesized to predict obesity and metabolic syndrome; constant mood and increased resilience to confer protection. Abundant vegetable/fruit intake; lower saturated fat intake from dairy, meat and olive oil, and low/moderate wine intake were predicted determinants of health. Secondary modelling of representative data from GB and Portugal (Lipgene study) assessed psycho-social, dietary and lifestyle predictors of metabolic syndrome. Cultural adaptation of the Lipgene questionnaire was informed by qualitative research incorporating 24hr dietary recall for use in India (ChurpE). Qualitative themes suggested that urbanisation negatively impacted upon social structure, food choice, physical activity and health. Stress arising from the changing role of women was perceived to have affected familial wellbeing. Healthy eating referenced freshness, convenience, meal skipping, high fat/sugary foods, and nostalgia for tradition and rural lifestyle. Latent class analyses of the Indian and both European samples indicated three classes: 'healthier' lacking metabolic syndrome symptoms; 'metabolic syndrome' with comorbidities; and, 'obese/high blood pressure'. Additionally, an 'overweight' group in Europe was distinguished. In both studies older age, less sedentary behaviour and stress distinguished the 'healthier' from all other classes. Compared with the 'healthier', 'metabolic syndrome' members were more likely Portuguese experienced lower resilience and smoking cessation; and more British, younger and stressed members typified 'overweight' among Europeans. The 'obese' class were predominantly female with high BP. Among Indians, 'happier' mood characterised 'high BP' membership. That comorbidities varied between classes suggests disease progression from overweight/obesity to metabolic syndrome. Among Indians, alcohol, smoking, higher earnings, chatting to relax and dietary habits predicted obesity and comorbidities. Developing public health policy to prevent and treat obesity and metabolic syndrome should intervene to reduce sedentary behaviour, tackle stress, promote resilience and healthy eating.
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Le, Tape Andre Rhyno. "Psychosocial stress experienced by correctional officials". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52422.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On t.p.: Master in Social Work (Welfare Programme Management)Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study attempts to gain insight into the nature of psychosocial stress experienced by correctional officials. In order to achieve this, a literature study was undertaken regarding the nature of psychosocial stress from an ecological perspective as well as strategies that the occupational social worker, management and central government can employ to address stress experienced by correctional officials. Secondly, an empirical study was undertaken and information on the research topic was obtained from correctional officials that worked on the sections inside prisons and who worked directly with inmates. The study indicated that low motivation amongst colleagues, insufficient salaries and bad collegial co-operation were factors that had a major influence on psychosocial stress experienced by correctional officials. Factors such as family responsibilities as opposed to work responsibilities; drug-or alcohol abuse as well as physical constraints have less of an impact on psychosocial stress. It was furthermore found that the need for confidentiality, guidance in stress management and emotional support enjoys a high priority with correctional officials regarding social worker intervention. Issues such as the need that the social worker should form part of a multi-disciplinary team or that he/she should mobilise their colleagues and supervisors for support enjoyed a lesser preference with correctional officials. With regard to the role of management it was found that correctional officials require that management should primarily provide more promotional opportunities and should develop a more satisfactory merit system. Dissatisfaction with the Department of Correctional Services' Employee Assistance Programme and the present shift system were less of a concern to correctional officials. It was concluded that that stressors experienced by correctional officials are varied and include feelings of anger, depression and a general dissatisfaction with managerial styles and certain departmental actions and procedures. It was also very evident that many correctional officials felt that they do not have an appropriate avenue to deal with their stress. If this situation prevails, it was concluded that it will exacerbate correctional officials' poor social functioning. With regard to social worker intervention it was concluded that the vast majority of correctional officials are in dire need of social work intervention to assist them in effectively dealing with stress. It was further concluded that the Department of Correctional Services does not have sufficient structures in place to support correctional officials during stressful periods. Management has a vital role to play in supporting correctional officials when coping with psychosocial stress. If the present situation remains unattended to by management it may impede correctional officials' ability to deal with stress. Recommendations by respondents also indicated a low level of involvement by management in the practical stressors which correctional officials may face. It was also concluded that present attempts by management to deal with psychosocial stress effectively through the induction of an Employee Assistance Programme and the longstanding grievance procedure, have severe practical limitations. Recommendations were made to the social worker, management and central government regarding effectively addressing psychosocial stress experienced by correctional officials working on sections and who are primarily responsible for the guarding of inmates.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is ondersoek ingestel na die aard van psigo-sosiale stres wat deur korrektiewe beamptes ervaar word. Ten einde hierin te slaag,is eerstens 'n literatuurstudie onderneem ten opsigte van die aard van psigo-sosiale stres vanuit 'n ekologiese perspektief. Daar is ook gekyk na strategieë wat die bedryfsmaatskaplike werker, bestuur sowel as die sentrale regering kan aanwend om psigo-sosiale stres wat deur korrektiewe beamptes ervaar word aan te spreek. Daarna is 'n empieriese studie onderneem deur vraelyste aan korrektiewe beamptes te stuur wat direk op seksies binne in gevangenis met gevangenes werksamig is. Die navorsing het aangedui dat lae motivering onder kollegas,onvoldoende salarisse en swak kollegiale samewerking die grootste bydraende faktor is tot psigososialestres wat deur korrektiewe beamptes ervaar word. Faktore soos alkohol- of dwelmmisbruik en liggaamlike gebreke oefen In mindere invloed uit op psigososiale stres wat deur korrektiewe beamptes ervaar word. Met betrekking tot die behoefte aan maatskaplike intervensie is daar bevind dat vertroullkheld, leiding in stres hantering en emosionele steun die hoogste prioriteit by korrektiewe beamptes geniet. Faktore soos die behoefte dat die maatskaplike werker deel moet vorm van 'n multi-dissiplinêre span of dat hy/sy die korrektiewe beampte se kollegas en supervisors moet mobiliseer vir ondersteuning, het 'n mindere prioriteit by korrektiewe beamptes geniet. Met betrekking tot die rol van bestuur, is daar gevind dat korrektiewe beamptes meer bevorderings geleenthede en 'n verbeterde meriete stelsel van bestuur verwag. Ontevredenheid met die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste se werknemer bystandsprogram (WBP) en die huidige skofstelsel was 'n laer prioriteit vir korrektiewe beamptes. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat stressors wat ervaar word deur korrektiewe beamptes uiteenlopend van aard is en dit sluit in gevoelens van depressie, woede sowel as 'n algemene ontevredenheid met bestuurstyle en sekere departementele aksies en prosedures. Dit was ook baie duidelik dat baie korrektiewe beamptes nie 'n geskikte hulpmiddel het om hulle in staat te stelom psigososiale stres effektief te hanteer nie. Indien die huidige situasie bly voortbestaan, kan korrektiewe beamptes se swak maatskaplike funksionering verder belemmer word. Met betrekking tot maatskaplike werk intervensie ,is gevind dat die oorgrote meerderheid van korrektiewe beamptes 'n noodsaaklike behoefte daartoe het dat die maatskaplike werker hulle moet ondersteun om psigososiale-stres effektief te hanteer. Voorts is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die Departement van Korrektiewe I Dienste nie oor toereikende strukture beskik om die korrektiewe beampte te ondersteun tydens stresvolle tydperke nie. Bestuur het 'n noodsaaklike rol in die ondersteuning van die korrektiewe beampte in sy/haar hantering van psigososiale stres. Indien die huidige situasie nie voldoende deur bestuur aangespreek word nie, kan dit die korrektiewe beampte se vermoë om psigososiale-stres te hanteer verder strem. Aanbevelings deur respondente het ook 'n lae vlak van betrokkenheid deur bestuur aangedui by die praktiese stressors wat korrektiewe beamptes mag ervaar. Die gevolgtrekking is ook gemaak dat huidige pogings deur bestuur om psigososiale stres aan te spreek deur middel van 'n werknemer bystandsprogram en die reeds gevestigde griewe prosedure, grootskaalse beperkings het. Aanbevelings is aan maatskaplike werkers,bestuur en die sentrale regering gemaak oor hoe om psigososiale stres wat deur korrektiewe beamptes werksaam op seksies binne in gevangenisse en wat primêr vir die bewaking van gevangenes verantwoordelik is, aan te spreek.
44
Crossley, Emilie. "Volunteer tourism, subjectivity and the psychosocial". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/61298/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Volunteer tourism is an increasingly popular practice that provides tourists with the opportunity to contribute to community development or environmental projects, usually in Third World countries. This research explores the potential of volunteer tourism to develop cross-cultural understanding, transform tourists into more charitable, ethical subjects and foster more reciprocal relations between tourists and visited communities. The research uses a longitudinal methodology to follow ten young people from the UK through time and space as they embark on a journey to Kenya with a commercial volunteer tourism provider. Using a combination of repeated in-depth interviews and participant observation, I show how volunteer tourists produce understandings, or ‘imaginaries’, of poverty, authenticity and care that simultaneously enable and constrain their ability to act ethically. I argue that the complexities of the volunteer tourism encounter can only be understood through a psychosocial account of subjectivity that articulates the point of suture between the social and the psychological. Drawing on Lacanian psychoanalytic theory to interpret the volunteer tourists’ narratives, I show that it is possible to approach the psychological in tourism studies in a non-reductive and culturally engaged way. This psychoanalytic reading provides insight into how volunteer tourists’ perceptions are refracted through cultural fantasies of the non-Western Other, how they are confronted by the demands of contradictory ideological injunctions and how their investment in consumer identities presents a barrier to ethical transformation. The thesis concludes that in order to harness volunteer tourism’s potential as a means of achieving social transformation, greater attention must be paid to subjectivity and the psychosocial as a way of understanding the social demands, desire and investments experienced by volunteer tourists.
45
Ellis, Lesa K. "Individual differences and adolescent psychosocial development /". view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3061943.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-196). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
46
Sanford, Tiffany Casandra. "Psychosocial factors associated with cervical dysplasia /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3099630.
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47
Wilkins, Johnelle. "Psychosocial maturity: Considering the cultural context". Thesis, Wilkins, Johnelle (2014) Psychosocial maturity: Considering the cultural context. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/24102/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study was a preliminary examination of differences in psychosocial maturity according to cultural context. Using a cross-sectional design, measures for responsibility, perspective and temperance, were utilized to compare whether psychosocial maturity would differ between two different western cultures. Older adolescents aged between 17 and 22 years were compared on factors of psychosocial maturity, participants were 49 Australian university students and 269 US college students. Findings showed that older US adolescents had significantly higher psychosocial maturity levels overall, and significantly higher levels of responsibility and perspective compared to older Australian adolescents. No differences were seen for temperance, which yielded similar levels for both older Australian and US adolescents. Results suggest that differences in cultural norms and opportunities experienced by the older adolescents, may result in aspects of psychosocial maturity developing differently when compared to other western cultures. This study underscores the influence of the cultural context on psychosocial maturity, emphasising that, within the cultural context are nuances that warrant a second wave of longitudinal research.
48
Grim, Rodney D. "Psychosocial Predictors of Successful Bariatric Surgery". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/750.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Obesity is an epidemic that can lead to a wide range of physical and mental problems. When traditional weight-loss methods are not effective, bariatric surgery is a viable weight-loss option. While previous researchers have investigated the role of psychological factors in relation to obesity, few have investigated psychological factors as predictors of weight loss and complications after bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychological disorders/conditions (e.g., depression and abuse) in the study population, evaluate weight and psychosocial variables before and 6 months after weight-loss surgery, and identify psychosocial factors that are predictors of weight loss and complications at 5 years post surgery. Three theoretical foundations were important to the present study: the transtheoretical model of behavior change, interpersonal processes, and protection motivation theory. Methods included a retrospective review of archival data of 93 individuals who elected to undergo bariatric surgery, were age 18+, had a BMI > 40kg/m2, and had obesity-related medical conditions Paired sample t tests were used to determine statistically significant changes before and after surgery. Multiple regression was used to predict success of bariatric surgery (measured by weight loss and no or few postsurgical complications). Results indicated that a high proportion (66.7%) of this sample had a behavioral health condition. Weight, depression, and obesity-related quality of life improved at 6 months post surgery. Poor obesity-related quality of life was significant at predicting more weight loss at 5 years postsurgery. Potential social changes may include future development of generalizable methods/tools to determine proper candidates for bariatric surgery, leading to a healthier community and lower healthcare costs.
49
Malcomson, Kathryn Stewart. "Psychosocial well-being and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis : the effect of psychosocial interventions". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435481.
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50
Yaris, Cat. "Development of a comprehensive approach to physical and psychosocial safety: The physical and psychosocial workplace safety model". Thesis, Yaris, Cat (2021) Development of a comprehensive approach to physical and psychosocial safety: The physical and psychosocial workplace safety model. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/64040/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the 1860s, workplace accidents have consistently been identified and documented. There are numerous theories, approaches, and methodologies to improving workplace safety. Although there has been consistent growth and improvement in the field, there are still numerous accidents, injuries, fatalities, and near misses every year across numerous industries. Researchers have focused on developing approaches and models to explain, and potentially prevent, negative safety outcomes. Each of these approaches has limitations. One limitation is the distinct separation of physical and psychosocial safety in the literature. Several studies and researchers have tried to merge the research paths, although this has been met with varying evidence of efficacy. Each of the papers presented in this thesis move towards the development of a model that encompasses both physical and psychosocial safety climate to create a comprehensive approach to workplace safety. Each paper builds upon the previous chapter to explain the theoretical foundation, the measurement model, and the structural model of physical and psychosocial safety. In sum, the studies are designed to develop a clear, and more comprehensive, approach to workplace safety.
The first paper is a literature review detailing the current research on physical and psychosocial safety climate. The intent of this review was to outline the history and evolution of research on both aspects of safety climate separately and the movement made to address them jointly. The review focused on why the integration is needed both for academics and practitioners.
The second paper introduces the new Physical and Psychosocial Workplace Safety (PPWS) model. This provided the theoretical foundation to address the separation between physical and psychosocial safety climate. The PPWS model is an extension of leading theoretical models such as the model of safety performance (Neal & Griffin, 1997) and job-demands resources (JD-R) model of workplace safety (Nahrgang et al., 2011). This paper specifically provided clear definitions and distinctions between variable conceptualization, expanding the leading theoretical models, integrating physical and psychosocial safety, providing a generalizable approach across industries, and considering self-regulatory processes as mediators of safety behaviors. Self-regulatory processes were introduced as safety factors and help understand employee behavior. Safety behaviors were the dependent variable of interest for this model. Specifically, physical and psychosocial safety participation and safety compliance. Therefore, self-regulatory processes were introduced as mediators to explain the relationships between job demands and resources with safety behaviors. This paper laid the foundation to test the measurement model and provide preliminary validation evidence to support researchers in the safety space and help industries understand antecedents of safety behaviors.
The third paper describes the assessment of the factor structure of job demands, job resources, safety factors, and safety behaviors through a series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Participants (n = 941) were sampled from high-risk physical or psychological occupations, such as fire fighter, police, and healthcare, to participate in a survey. The exploratory factor analyses identified the factor structure of each construct and subsequent the confirmatory factor analyses refined each. This laid the foundation to test the structural model in the fourth paper.
The fourth paper focused on validating the PPWS model with a repeated measures design. The final structure identified from the third paper was tested with structural equation modeling. For Study 1 (n = 941), there were 19 models before finding adequate model fit, x2 (60, n = 941) = 526.53, p < .001, SRMR = .07, TLI = .80, CFI = .89, RMSEA = .09 [.08, .10]. The odel served as the baseline model for Study 2. Study 2 (n = 456) tested five models before confirming adequate model fit, x2 (85, n = 456) = 162.36, p < .001, SRMR = .08, TLI = .79, CFI = .85, RMSEA = .10 [.09, .11]. RMSEA = .09 [.08, .10]. Model adjustments were made through modification indices, as aligned to theory. Both studies failed to reach good model fit. The individual factor loading patterns found more support in Study 2 than Study 1. In conclusion, there was some support for the model, but major reconsiderations are required for future research and applied utility.
The fifth paper discussed the implications of the previous chapters and suggested paths for future research to further develop the area of psychosocial and physical safety factor modeling. The chapter detailed the research, finding, limitations, and future directions for the PPWS model for the research and applied space. For research, additional sample sizes and populations are recommended. This research attempted to focus on a generalizable model and the variability in industry and occupation reduced the ability to derive specific insights. Taking a more targeted approach would support specific industries while providing practitioners clearer guidance. There are alternative measures of safety control, safety motivation, and employee engagement available in the research literature. This might lead to a more robust measure and ensure the correct construct is being assessed (e.g., employee engagement versus organizational commitment). Additionally, the PPWS model focused on a parsimonious approach. The PPWS model was streamlined throughout the validation process but still fell short of good model fit. Therefore, the model needs to be refined to support parsimony and achieve good fit. Additional next steps and considerations were suggested to continue the integration of physical and psychosocial safety climate research paths.
This thesis was designed to create a model, generalizable across industries, that integrated physical and psychosocial safety elements to understand safety behaviors. While the PPWS model fell short of global good model fit, individual components for the model found support. Additional studies and research are needed to deepen the understanding of the relationships between self-regulatory processes and safety behaviors and address the limitations found in this research. The theoretical foundation and organizational need exists for a comprehensive approach to workplace safety. The PPWS model is a foundation to fill that need and future research will refine and establish clear paths and support to improving safety behavior.