Articoli di riviste sul tema "Province Saint-Joseph de Belgique"

This article presents a new relative chronology for the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) of the Meuse basin. Divided into six main phases, the sequence is based on analysis of decorated ceramics from sixteen sites in Belgium and two sites in Holland. Eleven of the Belgian sites are located in Hesbaye, the province with the densest LBK settlement. The other five sites form an outlying group in Hainaut, a little over 100 km to the west. The two Dutch sites are located in southern Limburg, about 50 km north-east of Hesbaye. Fine-ware ceramics were coded for rim, main and intermediate decoration motifs, employing a classification system previously developed in work on the LBK in Lorraine, with particular attention paid to the various techniques used for impressed decoration. The new Meuse basin sequence was established using 165 assemblages containing at least eight decoration motifs, representing a total of 5 101 coded motifs. In a majority of cases, these assemblages were formed by grouping ceramics from lateral pits of houses. Correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to seriate the assemblages and to define phases and sub-phases. By comparing quantitative trends in decoration motifs, the new Meuse chronology can be synchronized with the Langweiler (Aldenhoven plateau), Lorraine and Seine basin LBK sequences, not only enabling a finer characterization of each regional style but also enhancing the view of interactions between the different groups in the study zone. During the early LBK, the period that sees the first settlements in Hesbaye and north Lorraine, the Flomborn style prevails throughout the Rhine basin. When this cultural entity breaks down, decoration evolves in each region in a different manner. In the middle LBK, the Langweiler area, Dutch Limburg and Belgium form a coherent complex, termed the Rhine-Meuse style, characterized by bands delimited by incised lines and filled with rows of point impressions, which is the majority decoration. In the Moselle basin, as in southern Hessia, the Main style prevails, predominately with bands filled with transverse, crossed or longitudinal incised lines, while in the Seine basin the Champagne region is closely linked in stylistic terms to southern Alsace. The late LBK sees further regional differences, notably with the appearance of the Leihgestern style on the upper course of the Lahn, in central Hessia, and the emergence of the Cologne style in the lower Rhine. The Belgian LBK remains relatively unaffected by these processes and maintains its originality by developing the excessively broad curvilinear motifs, composed of bands filled with incised lines or with multiple-tooth (three or more teeth) comb impressions. These motifs characterize the Omalian style. In north Lorraine, the Main style remains important but the region is now split into two, with on the right bank of the Moselle a strong presence of the Oberrhein-Pfalz style, whose epicentre lies in the Palatinate, and on the left bank a predominance of Omalian influences. These favoured stylistic relations are also reflected by the circulation of lithic raw materials : on the middle and lower course of the Moselle, most of the flint tool-kit is made from blades in Maastrichtian and Campanian flint, imported from the Meuse basin as semi-finished products. In return, one finds in Hainaut, on the site of Blicquy “ Petite Rosière”, Moselle-type motifs in noticeably higher numbers than attested elsewhere in Belgium. In the same period, on the upper course of the Moselle, the LBK of south Lorraine is linked to northern Alsace, while the Champagne LBK maintains its preferential relations with southern Alsace. Throughout the late LBK, there is only limited interaction and exchange between these two groups and the Meuse, lower Rhine and middle Moselle. In the final LBK, the situation is more difficult to assess because the documentation varies in quality from one region to another. At this time, the Langweiler area is apparently abandoned by the LBK, while the Omalian-style LBK still flourishes in Hesbaye and to a lesser extent in Hainaut. On the middle course of the Rhine, new cultural entities appear, with the emergence of the Hinkelstein group on the Neckar and in the northern Palatinate, and the development of the Plaidt style on the lower course of the Moselle, from the Rhine confluence up to Luxembourg. A particular style appears in north Lorraine, derived from the Oberrhein-Pfalz style, while in south Lorraine another original style develops, combining elements from southern and northern Alsace as well as from north Lorraine. In the Seine basin, the LBK spreads northwards and westwards out of Champagne, settling the middle and lower courses of the Aisne and Yonne. Here again, one sees the formation of an original style, characterized by T motifs and predominant use of two-or threetoothed combs, at a time when combs with four or more teeth are more frequently used on the Meuse. At this stage, there is virtually no exchange between the Meuse and the Seine, while the middle Moselle distances itself stylistically from the Omalian but still imports large numbers of blades in Campanian flint from Hesbaye. The preferential relations maintained between Belgium and north Lorraine during the LBK apparently cease in the terminal LBK stage. At this time, the Blicquy-Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (BVSG) culture appears in the Seine basin and in Belgium, possibly slightly earlier in Hainaut than in Hesbaye. The emergence and subsequent development of this new stylistic entity represents a significant change, because there is relatively little evidence for contacts between Belgium and the Seine basin during the previous LBK phases. In the terminal LBK, the Moselle basin finds a new supply of raw material in the Secondary and Tertiary flint of Champagne. The early BVSG site of Reims-Tinqueux shows that this “ economic” exchange is also accompanied by some stylistic interaction.

The Ecclesiastical Province of Cambrai may sound unfamiliar to modern readers. The bishopric of Cambrai dates to the sixth century but only became an archdiocese and, consequently, the centre of a church province in the sixteenth century. The elevation of the see resulted from the heavily contested reorganization of the diocesan map of the Low Countries by King Philip II in 1559. The new province included the medieval sees of Arras, Cambrai and Tournai, as well as the newly created bishoprics of Saint-Omer and Namur. Its borders were established to encompass the French-speaking Walloon provinces in the south of the Low Countries, territories that are now divided between France and Belgium.1 In the early modern period, this area was already a border and transit zone between France, the Low Countries, the Holy Roman Empire and the British Isles. The province’s history in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was deeply marked by recurrent and devastating warfare between the kings of Spain and France, eventually resulting in the transfer of significant territory to France.2 However, the Province of Cambrai was also the scene of frequent cross-border mobility, and a safe haven for Catholic exiles originating from the British Isles, France and other parts of the Low Countries.

The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or U.S.J., dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This center for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. Pope Leo XIII, in his audience of February 25, 1881, confers the title of pontificalUniversityontheU.S.J. The present article deals with the historical context of the U.S.J., the firstgreatFrench-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria.” We studied the historical context for the creation of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, located in a province of the Ottoman Empire coveted by the future mandatory power, France. This paper intends to show that after decades of conflict,Catholicsandrepublicansin the empire ultimately buried many of their disagreements by embracing a notion of French civilization that melded both Catholic and republican ideals. Focusing on the much-neglected intersection of politics, religion, and imperialism, it offers a new understanding of both the nature of French culture and politics at the findesiècle, as well as the power of the colonial experience to reshape European‘s most profound beliefs.

The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or U.S.J., dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This center for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. Pope Leo XIII, in his audience of February 25, 1881, confers the title of pontificalUniversityontheU.S.J. The present article deals with the historical context of the U.S.J., the firstgreatFrench-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria.” We studied the historical context for the creation of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, located in a province of the Ottoman Empire coveted by the future mandatory power, France. This paper intends to show that after decades of conflict,Catholicsandrepublicansin the empire ultimately buried many of their disagreements by embracing a notion of French civilization that melded both Catholic and republican ideals. Focusing on the much-neglected intersection of politics, religion, and imperialism, it offers a new understanding of both the nature of French culture and politics at the findesiècle, as well as the power of the colonial experience to reshape European‘s most profound beliefs.

En 1848, du lointain Kamouraska arrive au tout neuf noviciat des Clercs de Saint-Viateur de L’Industrie (Joliette), un jeune homme de 26 ans : cours classique, expérience d’enseignement, profonde piété, talents pour les sciences et l’architecture. La communauté lui permet de développer ses dons. À L’Industrie, à Chambly, à Rigaud, à Victoria. 1868, Mgr Bourget l’envoie lever les plans de Saint-Pierre de Rome qu’il veut reproduire en petit à Montréal. C’est la maquette de Joseph Michaud qui fera décider la construction de la cathédrale de Montréal. Sa notoriété gagnera toute la province : églises, couvents, maisons privées, laboratoires, musée, collections, etc. Qui donc est ce clerc du bas-relief du monument de Mgr Bourget devant la cathédrale de Montréal, déployant des plans devant l’évêque en présence de quelques personnages dont l’un (Victor Bourgeau) a les bras croisés? Qui donc est ce jeune homme de 26 ans qui, en 1848, descend du « steamboat » de Lanoraie et arrive, peut-être à pied - car il en est capable - à L’Industrie (premier nom de Joliette), où le reçoit une communauté religieuse qui vient à peine de s’installer en terre canadienne? Qui donc est ce jeune homme « extrêmement timide » toute sa vie, qui nous arrive, mystérieusement dirait-on, de l’une des aînées de nos paroisses canadiennes-françaises, Kamouraska? C’est Joseph Michaud.

The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or USJ, dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This centre for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. In his audience of 25 February 1881, Pope Leo XIII conferred the title of Pontifical University on the USJ.This article deals with the history of the USJ, the first great French-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria”. (The term Syria is used henceforth to represent the geographical entity of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which includes Syria and Lebanon of the present.) The underlying reasons for the creation of Saint-Joseph University of Beirut have to do with its being located in a province of the Ottoman Empire coveted by the future mandatory power, France. By the 1870s, the Ottoman Empire was being preserved chiefly by the competition between the European powers, all of whom wanted chunks of it. The Ottoman territory, like the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, encompassed a great many ethnic groups whose own nationalism was also stirring. Under Ottoman rule, the region of the Levant developed economic and religious ties with Europe. Open to the West, it became a hotbed of political strife between various foreign nations including France, Russia and Britain. These powerful countries assumed the protection of certain ethnic and religious groups, with France supporting the Christian Maronites and Britain supporting the Druzes.

This historical research tries to analyze the influence exerted by Saint Peter of Alcantara among the peninsular nobility in the middle of the 16th century. The founder of the province of Saint Joseph of the Discalced Franciscans, ate at the table of many men and women of the aristocracy of Extremadura. At the beginning of the 17th century, when transferred to the Court of Philip III, they accurately remembered those shared meals in their ancestral homes and the devotion professed by their parents, who acted as hosts. In 1616 and 1618, some testified in the cause for his canonization. In them, the image of Saint Peter remained very much alive, the austerity of his life, the poverty of his clothes, the frugality of his meals, the fleeting nature of his sleep. In some cases, the fame of sanctity and miracles of the penitent reached other noble houses in Madrid. In their need, they also entrusted themselves, trusting in his intercession, as they indicated in the testimonial evidence of the canonical investigation.

AbstractThis contribution deals with a manuscript, containing lecture notes made in 1827–1828 by a Ghent student named Callenfels and relating to the lectures on ius publicum universale et Belgicum, given by Jacob Joseph Haus (1796–1881), professor of jurisprudence at Ghent University and native of Würzburg. As the course programme of the law faculties in the southern provinces required courses in natural law as well as in ius publicum and ius gentium, the assumption has been put forward these lectures would be restricted to the ius publicum universale such as lectured in many German law faculties in the 18th century. On further examination of the manuscript under consideration this presumption proves to be wrong. After the first 13 sections, which refer in fact to the ius publicum naturale in an enlightened sense, the remaining 253 sections outline the then positive constitutional law of the Netherlands, mainly on the basis of the Dutch written constitution of 1815.

There are very few Catholic churches in Thailand that conserve wooden structures.Take St.Paul in Muang District, Chachoengsao Province located on the east of Bangkok as an example, it was built by Bishop Pallegoix Jean-Baptise the Vicar Apostolic of Siam in 1840. The first church was made of bamboo and the other wood. In 1873, Father Schmidt Francois-Joseph bought a piece of land and built the third one with concrete including wooden structures such as priest quarters, a bell tower, a rest pavilion on the Bang Pakong River, a granary, a school building, all of which were designed by a French priest in colonial architecture and constructed by Chinese workers. As the time passes, heritage buildings have been deteriorating. However, their conservation plans have been launched, and most of them have been implemented. Most of the structures were constructed of teak that can adapt itself to the weather. Another property of wood is that it can be deconstructed and reconstructed with or without changing its former architectural style.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: conservation; cultural heritage; architecture; community

La villa gallo-romaine du Champ de Saint-Éloi à Merbes-le-Château (Belgique) est implantée en bordure de la Sambre, à l’extrémité orientale de la cité des Nerviens. Elle comportait, aux iie et iiie s. apr. J.-C., un imposant corps de logis et plusieurs bâtiments à fonctions économique et ornementale. Le site a également livré un dépôt d’objets précieux, découvert à l’intérieur du bâtiment principal dans une petite pièce semi-enterrée. Il se compose de deux chaudrons en alliage de cuivre et d’un petit coffret contenant deux cuillères en argent, une bourse de 122 antoniniens en argent, une fiole en verre, ainsi que quatre sesterces usés posés sur une plaquette dédiée aux Cavaliers danubiens. Celle-ci, en alliage de cuivre étamée, est exceptionnelle tant par sa rareté dans les provinces occidentales que par la qualité technique de son décor. L’originalité du dépôt, dont l’enfouissement est daté des années 260 apr. J.-C., tient dans sa composition hétérogène, mêlant des objets de la vie courante, des biens précieux et une pièce à caractère religieux.Die gallo-römische villa von Champ de Saint-Éloi in Merbes-le-Château (Belgien) ist an der Sambre im äußersten Osten der civitas der Nervier gelegen. Im 2. und 3. Jh. unserer Zeit besaß sie einen imposanten Wohnbereich und mehrere Gebäude mit zugleich wirtschaftlicher und dekorativer Funktion. Im Hauptgebäude wurde in einem kleinen eingetieften Raum ein Depot mit Wertsachen entdeckt. Neben zwei Kesseln aus Kupferlegierung enthielt das Depot ein Kästchen, in dem sich zwei Silberlöffel, eine Börse mit 122 Antoninianen, ein Glasfläschchen und vier abgenutzte auf eine den Danubischen Reitern gewidmete Votivplatte gelegte Sesterzen befanden. Die Platte aus verzinnter Kupferlegierung ist in zweifacher Hinsicht außergewöhnlich, erstens weil diese Platten in den westlichen Provinzen sehr selten sind und zweitens aufgrund der hohen Qualität ihrer Ausführung und ihres Dekors. Die Originalität des Depots, das in den Jahren um 260 unserer Zeit vergraben wurde, beruht auf der Vielfältigkeit seiner Zusammensetzung aus Alltagsgegenständen, Wertobjekten und einem religiösen Gegenstand.

Introduction: The management of Postoperative Pain represents a public health problem. Throughout the world, this subject is the subject of numerous studies which emphasize the need to treat pain and evaluate practices. However, despite the progress made in the understanding of pain mechanisms, analgesic techniques, and the multiple recommendations made by learned societies in many countries, Post-Operative Pain is insufficiently addressed. The objective of our work was to evaluate the practices of anesthesiologists in the field of postoperative pain management in two health institutions in the city province of Kinshasa which are the Saint Joseph Hospital of Limeté and the Ngaliema Clinic. Method: The population of our study consisted of 23 anesthesiologists, 14 of whom were the subject of our occasional sample. To collect the data, we used the survey method supported by the techniques of direct observation, interviews and documentary analysis. At the end of our survey, the data was processed using descriptive analysis by calculating percentages and the average. Results: Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the majority of subjects surveyed were male at level A1 (graduate, equivalent of bacc+3) and with professional experience of 10 years or more. Concerning the management of Post-Operative Pain, 48.5% provided the actual management of Post-Operative Pain; 17.1% provided pre-anesthetic information. Overall, the management of postoperative pain was achieved at 32.8%. Conclusion: Referring to our acceptability threshold set at 80%, we can affirm that the management of Postoperative Pain is not provided satisfactorily by the anesthesiologists of the two hospital institutions selected for the study.

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799). After seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup d’état, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. However, after a disastrous French invasion of Russia in 1812, Napoleon abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of Elba. In 1815, he briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign. After a crushing defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, he abdicated once again and was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died at 51.Napoleon was responsible for spreading the values of the French Revolution to other countries, especially in legal reform and the abolition of serfdom. After the fall of Napoleon, not only was the Napoleonic Code retained by conquered countries including the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany, but has been used as the basis of certain parts of law outside Europe including the Dominican Republic, the US state of Louisiana and the Canadian province of Quebec. The memory of Napoleon in Poland is favorable, for his support for independence and opposition to Russia, his legal code, the abolition of serfdom, and the introduction of modern middle class bureaucracies. The social structure of France changed little under the First Empire. It remained roughly what the Revolution had made it: a great mass of peasants comprising three-fourths of the population—about half of them works owners of their farms or sharecroppers and the other half with too little land for their own subsistence and hiring themselves out as laborers. Industry, stimulated by the war and the blockade of English goods, made remarkable progress in northern and eastern France, whence exports could be sent to central Europe; but it declined in the south and west because of the closing of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. The great migrations from rural areas toward industry in the towns began only after 1815. The nobility would probably have declined more swiftly if Napoleon had not restored it, but it could never recover its former privileges. Finally we can say that many of the territories occupied by Napoleon during his Empire began to feel a new sense of nationalism.

There are very few Catholic churches in Thailand that conserve wooden structures.Take St.Paul in Muang District, Chachoengsao Province located on the east of Bangkok as an example, it was built by Bishop Pallegoix Jean-Baptise the Vicar Apostolic of Siam in 1840. The first church was made of bamboo and the other wood. In 1873, Father Schmidt Francois-Joseph bought a piece of land and built the third one with concrete including wooden structures such as priest quarters, a bell tower, a rest pavilion on the Bang Pakong River, a granary, a school building, all of which were designed by a French priest in colonial architecture and constructed by Chinese workers. As the time passes, heritage buildings have been deteriorating. However, their conservation plans have been launched, and most of them have been implemented. Most of the structures were constructed of teak that can adapt itself to the weather. Another property of wood is that it can be deconstructed and reconstructed with or without changing its former architectural style.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: conservation; cultural heritage; architecture; community