Tesi sul tema "Protéine prions"
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Peoc'h, Katell. "La protéine << prion-like >> Doppel humaine : caractérisation et relation avec la protéine prion". Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N096.
Testo completoPrion are infectious agents accumulating in the central nervous system, constituted of PrPsc the modified isoform of the prion protein (PrPc), encoded by the PRNP gene. The Doppel protein (Dpl) is encoded by the PRND gene nearby PRNP. Four Polymorphisms of PRND are observed in human ; none of them modify the susceptibility to prion diseases. Prnd expression remains unchanged after infection in neuroblastoma cells. Dpl surexpression do not change the PrPsc accumulation in these cells and the cerebral accumulation of Dpl is not modified in patients with Cretzfeld-Jakob disease. Dpl in humans is so expressed both on germinal and somatic cells in the male genital tract, suggesting its implication in fertility. Sperm cells could make a good tool to investigate the interaction between Dpl and PrP wich are both. .
Mercey, Raphaël. "Identification et caractérisation d'ARN ligands de la protéine prion". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3311.
Testo completoOne of the unsolved problems in prion diseases relates to the physiological function of cellular prion protein (PrP), of which a misfolded isoform is probably the only component of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) agent. Knowledge of the PrP-binding molecules may help in elucidating its role and understanding the pathological events underlying prion diseases. Because nucleic acids are known to bind PrP, we used the SELEX approach to identify the preferred RNA sequences that bind to the ovine recombinant PrP. Our best RNA presents 21 nucleotides shared with a previously described PrP aptamer. We believe that the prion protein may have a physiological function related to nucleic acids presenting some of the patterns we identified in our study. Theses nucleic acids could be involved in the composition of the infectious agent. These RNA can be useful for diagnostic or as new tools to study prion diseases
Grégoire, Sylvie. "Etude de la réponse immune contre la protéine du prion : perspectives thérapeutiques". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05N081.
Testo completoTSE are lethal neurodégénérative disorders. Some works showed that we could generate a relative immunity response against prion protein (PrP), the major or unique cause of the disease. This work permit to highlight immun peptides from the PrP. First, three peptides were identified, in PrP KO mice, for their capacité to induce T p143-172, p158--187 and B p98-127 immun responses. Second, these peptides were tested with the same immun protocol in PrP+ mice, but none gave a delectable immun response. Yet, a response could be obtained with these peptides by immunization with oligo-CpG. Finally, peptide p158-187 was validated for its immunprotective capacity during the lymphoinvasion phase, in mouse experimental scrapie. But some evidences of brain infiltrats could let think of a possible autoimmun reaction
Ripaud, Leslie. "Approches génétiques et biochimiques visant à caractériser le prion de levure [URE3]". Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21138.
Testo completo[URE3] in yeast is the prion phenotype associated to Ure2p. Ure2p is aggregated in [URE3] cells and this protein form amyloids in vitro. Therefore, it has been proposed that [URE3] could be the result of an amyloid process. During my PhD, I first investigated the stability of [URE3]. I have demonstrated the existence of two ways of curing : the first isthe inhibition of prion replication (ie with guanidine-HC1) and the second is the large aggregation of Ure2p (ie with Ure2-gfp overproduction). These results emphasize the importance of intermediate species in the aggregation process for prion propagation. I then tested the possibility for [URE3] in vivo aggregates to be the result of an amyloid process. Comparison of solubilization properties and limited proteolysis patterns of these two types of aggregates demonstrated that they are different. The biochemical nature of in vivo aggregates is still enigmatic
Forget, Karolyn. "Les agrégats de la protéine p53 comportent certaines propriétés des prions". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6301.
Testo completoMarchand, Philipp. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique de protéines impliquées dans des pathologies humaines : activité enzymatique des domaines de liaison aux nucléotides de la protéine de résistances aux drogues MRP1 et informations structurales par RMN du solide sur la protéine du prion". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066250.
Testo completoIn the present work we dealt with two independent projects. The aim of the first part was to produce and functionally and/or structurally characterize the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) of the human ABC transporter ABCC1/MRP1, which are needed to power the transport of substrates across the cell membrane, e. G. The export of chemotherapeutics from cancer cells. While a crystal structure together with functional reports are available for isolated NBD1, it has so far not been possible to produce large quantities of monomeric NBD2 to enable a more extensive structural/enzymatic characterization. Here, we tested a series of new approaches to increase the solubility of NBD2 expressed as a recombinant protein in E. Coli, including the use of different constructs, co-expression of chaperones, expression in inclusion bodies and refolding. Unfortunately this did not sufficiently improve the quality of NBD2 samples in terms of oligomeric state to envisage further investigation by NMR. In contrast, NBD1 could be produced and purified. The wildtype protein together with an a priori non ATP-binding mutant were tested for adenylate kinase activity, which had been reported for other ABC transporters, but which we showed not to be part of the activity spectrum of NBD1. In the second part we dealt with the H2H3 domain of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy causing protein PrP in its amyloid conformation. The main objective was to improve sample quality for solid state NMR measurements by oligomerization pathway selection. Within the scope of this project we could show that the H2H3 domain is sufficient for structural information transference during fibrillation
Barros, Viegas Pedro José. "Expression et fonctions cellulaires couplées à la protéine prion PrPc au niveau de la barrière hemato-encéphalique". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077018.
Testo completoThe prion protein PrPC is a GPI-anchored sialoglycoprotein, its conformational shift into the pathological form PrPSc being responsible for the prion diseases, transmissible fatal neurodegenerative encephalopathies that affect man (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Fatal Familial Insomnia) and animals (scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy). A number of progresses have been made regarding the implication of PrPSc in transmission and development of prion diseases. Nonetheless, the normal function of PrPC is still ill-defïned. We decided to study the expression and functions of PrPC in brain endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a physiological barrier that protects the central nervous System and that constitutes a possible entry site for infectious prion. We have shown that PrPC is expressed at the intercellular junctions of brain endothelial cells of the BBB, at raft-like membrane microdomains. As for numerous adhesion molecules, its junctional localization is maintained by homophilic interactions between molecules in adjacent cells. We have also shown that PrPC, if not implicated in immune cell adhesion to the endothelium, is important for the transendothelial migration of monocytes. In addition, it should interact with the junctional proteins PECAM-1 through heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PrPC is also implicated in copper buffering at the cell membrane, and could completely abolish the copper- induced potentialization of cell death induced by homocystein. Taken together, these results show that PrPC is a junctional protein involved in transendotheliale migration and BBB integrity
Benkemoun, Laura. "Relations structure-infectivité chez la protéine prion HET-s de Podospora anserina". Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21580.
Testo completoPrions are non conventional infectious agents responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). Prions can adopt two conformations : a normal one and a prion one, which is able to recruit the normal conformation and to convert it into the prion one. HET-s is the prion protein of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. 3 D structure of the prion form of HET-s makes it an ideal system for studying the relationship between the caracteristics of this structure and the protein infectivity. We optimized and used infectivity tests to study in vivo the infectivity of one structure obtained in vitro. By modifying their agregation conditions, we produced some structural variants of HET-s fibers. We showed that, among them, the most infectious amyloids are not the most typical. Then we caracterized the HET-s structure adopted in vivo in bacterial inclusion bodies. In view of our results we make the hypothesis that inclusion bodies and amyloid fibers present related structure and formation mechanisms. Finally, we showed the conservation of the prion mecanisms and the species barrier crossing of an ortholog of HET-s : the FgHET-s protein of Fusarium graminearum. Our results lead us to think that whatever are the primary sequences of the prions in presence, their interaction is only possible if the sequences allow the protein to adopt structures with at least partially common structural determinants
Hernandez-Rapp, Julia. "Rôle de la protéine prion dans les neurones : de la physiologie à la pathologie". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T073.
Testo completoTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are characterized by the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its scrapie isoform (PrPSc). PrPSc-mediated toxicity is restricted to neurons and results from the subversion of PrPC function(s). Some neuronal specificity of PrPC signaling relates to its coupling to the Fyn src kinase. In this work, we report that PrPC has the capacity to mobilize another src kinase, Lyn, via caveolin in neurons. A downstream effector of the PrPC-cav-Lyn signaling complex, which is spatially restricted to cell bodies, is the GSK3ß kinase. The inactivation of GSK3ß by PrPC takes part to the control of neuronal functions by negatively regulating the activity of the serotonin 1B receptor. Furthermore, we show that in prion-infected cells, PrPSc constitutively activates the PrPC-cav-Fyn platform, leading to oxidative-stress conditions. This toxic gain of PrPC function induces a defect in metalloproteinase MMP-9 activity, leading to increased Aß levels. Another impact of prion infection is the overactivation of the PDK1 kinase, which results in the loss of function of the TACE metalloproteinase. PDK1 overactivation is also observed in neurons from Alzheimer’s disease model mice, and is shown to be PrPC dependent. PDK1 inhibition in models of prion infection or Alzheimer’s disease restores TACE-mediated alpha-cleavage of PrPC, APP and TNF-alphareceptor. Since positive effects of PDK1 inhibition are observed in vivo, our data posit PDK1 as a putative therapeutic target to combat TSE disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. In summary, achieving a better knowledge of PrPC signaling function may help to improve our understanding of the mechanisms sustaining neurodegeneration in prion and Alzheimer’s diseases
Betemps, Dominique. "Production de protéines recombinantes en système colibacille pour le virus de l'immunodéficience bovine et la protéine prion". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10252.
Testo completoMilhavet, Ollivier. "Conversion de la protéine du prion : approches thérapeutiques et fonctionnelles". Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20149.
Testo completoRagagnin, Audrey. "Mort neuronale et maladies à prions". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ094/document.
Testo completoThe conversion of the protective cellular prion protein PrPC into an infectious, neurotoxic conformer PrPSc is a feature of prion diseases. In the prion-diseased brain, the loss of PrPC, the production of pathogenic PrPSc and inflammation contribute to neuronal death by still unknown mechanisms.The present results validate cerebellar organotypic cultures as a valuable experimental system to study ex vivo these mechanisms and provide insight into the apoptotic and autophagic processes activated by the absence of PrPC in Prnp-deficient mice and by PrPSc prions and lead to the death of the cerebellar Purkinje cells. A second line of research in situ showed that the anatomo-functional compartmentation of the mouse cerebellum is an endogenous parameter of the pathogenesis of the 22L scrapie prions. Finally, another in situ approach revealed that prions increase the levels of TNFR1, a receptor for the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α at the membrane of the astrocytes enveloping Purkinje cell excitatory synapses in the cerebellar cortex of infected mice. This implies that the response of synaptic complexes to prions involves a glial component
Bera, Alakesh. "Etude des changements structuraux de la protéine prion induite par les acides nucléiques conduisant à la formation d'oligomères de la protéine du prion et à des polymères de l'amyloïde". Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2015.
Testo completoEzpeleta, Juliette. "Du rôle physiologique de la protéine prion cellulaire à l'infection par les prions : régulation/dérégulation du module de signalisation PDK1/TACE α-secrétase Protective role of cellular prion protein against TNFα-mediated inflammation trough TACE α-secretase Cerebellar compartmentation of prion pathogenesis Production of seedable Amyloid-β peptides in prion diseases upon PrPSc-induced PDK1 overactivation". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB004.
Testo completoPrion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation into the central nervous system of an abnormally folded protein called Scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). PrPSc is the transconformational isoform of a ubiquitous protein of the host named cellular prion protein (PrPC). It is well established that the toxicity of PrPSc is restricted to neurons and arise from a corruption of the physiological function(s) of PrPC. However, the mechanisms by which PrPSc exerts its neurotoxicity remain poorly understood, partly because the physiological function(s) of PrPC is/are still elusive. Currently, no one knows if PrPC loses a protective role or acquires a toxic function upon its conversion into PrPSc, a combination of both events is also possible. Identifying PrPC-associated function(s) is thus a prerequisite to understand how PrPSc provokes neurodegeneration. The present work reports for the first time a protective role of PrPC towards the pro-inflammatory cytokine sTNF-alpha-associated toxicity. We show that PrPC adjusts cell sensitivity to sTNF-alpha by controlling TACE-dependent TNFR1 shedding. Mecanistically, PrPC governs both (i) TACE activity, through PrPC coupling to NADPH oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species production, and (ii) TACE localization, by downregulating the beta-1 integrins/ROCK/PDK1 signaling pathway, thus PrPC ensures the bioavailability of an active TACE at the plasma membrane. PrPC depletion provokes the micro-aggregation of beta-1 integrins, the overactivation of ROCK and PDK1 kinases, and the subsequent internalization of TACE into Caveolin-1 enriched micro-vesicles. This leads to a defect of TNFR1 shedding, which accumulates at the plasma membrane and renders PrPC-depleted neurons highly vulnerable to sTNF-alpha insult. These alterations have also been reported in prion-infected neurons with the same intensities, supporting the view that a loss-of-the protective function of PrPC towards sTNF-alpha likely occur along prion diseases. Within a prion infectious context, a collaborative work revealed that the cerebellar Purkinje cells that do not express zebrins are highly vulnerable to the toxicity of two prion strains, 22L and ME7, compared to Purkinje cells that express zebrins. This suggest a protective role of zebrins against PrPSc-associated toxicity. A major part of my thesis identifies a new target deregulated downstream from the PDK1/TACE signaling module, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), well-known for its implication in Alzheimer's disease. By abrogating the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by TACE, PrPSc provokes the overproduction of Abeta40/42 peptides. Abeta40/42 predominates as monomers but are also found as multimeric assemblies, i.e. trimers and tetramers. PrPSc-induced Abeta40/42 overproduction relates to PDK1 overactivation as pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 attenuates production of Abeta monomers and renders multimers undetectable. Of note, our work reveals that Abeta peptides do not impact on PrPSc replication nor infectivity. Nevertheless, Abeta40/42 peptides generated upon prion infection can deposit in mice brains only if an exogenous Abeta seed is co-transmitted with PrPSc. Importantly, Abeta deposition leads to early death of prion-infected mice. This work delineates the conditions that allow Abeta plaques formation and highlights the onset of a mixed-pathology caused by the co-occurrence of PrPSc and Abeta deposition within a prion infectious context
Rezaei, Human. "Dynamique structurale de la protéine prion ovine". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0046.
Testo completoI have analysed the effects on the physico-chemical and structural properties of ovine prion protein of 4 polymorphisms, which are respectively associated with a high sensitivity (V136R154Q171, A136R154Q171) and a high resistance (A136H154Q171, A136R154R171) of animal towards scrapie infection. I have first set-up an original purification/renaturation technique of the full-length protein expressed in E. Coli. This allowed us to obtain in one step high quantities or the pure monomeric, homogenous and stable protein. CD spectra and profiles of chemical and heat denaturation processes show that VRQ is more structured and more stable than ARR, an astonishing result whish was confirmed by mild proteolysis experiments. By differential microcalorimetry it was shown that, at pH<4. 5 and >6. 0, denaturation occurs in 2 steps with intermediates exhibiting some characteristics of the pathogenic form : high b sheet content and high tendency to polymerize
Eghiaian, Frédéric. "Caractérisations structurales et physico-chimiques de la protéine prion ovine". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066134.
Testo completoRonga, Luisa. "De l'étude des propriétés conformationelles de peptides de la protéine prion au développement de nouvelles molécules anti-prion". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20002.
Testo completoBoudet-Devaud, François. "La protéine prion cellulaire : un relai de neurotoxicité commun aux protéines amyloïdes et aux nanoparticules Protective role of cellular prion protein against TNFα-mediated inlammation through TACE α-secretase PrPSc-induced PDK1 overactivation promotes the production of seedable Amyloid-β peptides in prion diseases Corruption of cellular prion protein signaling by titanium dioxide or carbon black nanoparticles promotes the accumulation of amyloid-β peptides". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB127.
Testo completoThe cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a protein mostly expressed at the plasma membrane of neurons. Its transconformation into the pathogenic prion PrPSc is at the root of prion diseases. It is clearly established that the PrPSc-induced neurodegeneration depends on the expression of PrPC in neurons and results from the corruption of PrPC function(s) by PrPSc. Unravelling the role of PrPC is thus a prerequisite to grasp neurodegeneration mechanisms in prion diseases. Part of my work shows that PrPC exerts a cytoprotective function against TNFalpha inflammatory cytokine. PrPC silencing in neurons (PrPnull-neurons) renders these cells highly sensitive to TNFalpha due to surface accumulation of TNFalpha receptor (TNFR). My work demonstrates that the loss of PrPC regulatory function on the clustering and signaling downstream of bêta 1 integrins in PrPnull neurons provokes the overactivation of the kinase PDK1, subsequent internalization of TACE alpha-secretase, and uncoupling of TACE from TNFR substrate. Because of the phenotypic proximity between PrPnull neurons (Ezpeleta et al. 2017) and PrPSc-infected neurons (Pietri et al. 2013; Alleaume-Butaux et al. 2015), my work supports the view of a loss of PrPC protective function in prion diseases. As concerns prion infection, my work shows that after PDK1 overactivation, internalized TACE is uncoupled from another substrate, the amyloid peptides precursor protein (APP), leading to the accumulation of neurotoxic peptides Abêta 40 and Abêta 42, hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Within a prion infectious context, Abêta 40/42 peptides are predominantly present as monomers, and to a lesser extent, as trimers and tetramers. By combining in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that Abêta peptides produced by infected neurons do not alter replication nor the infectivity of prions. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that oligomerized Abêta is able to form amyloid plaques in the brain of transgenic APP23 mice infected by prions. In these mice, Abêta deposits accelerate prion pathogenesis. The last axis of my work deals with nanoparticles, that is, nanometric materials commonly found in manufactured products and industrial processes. My work shows that, as PrPSc and Abêta, titanium dioxide or carbon black assemblies interact with PrPC at the surface of neurons and deviate its signaling function, which leads, inter alia, to PDK1 overactivation, TACE internalization, TNFR accumulation at the plasma membrane, and neuronal cells hypersensitivity to TNFalpha inflammatory stress. We also found that nanoparticle-induced TACE uncoupling from APP increases Abêta peptide production by neurons. Even if no epidemiological study has demonstrated to date a link between nanoparticle exposure and Alzheimer's disease, my work suggests an causal implication of nanoparticles in the initiation or amplification of this disease
Fontes, Pascaline. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine prion cellulaire dans deux populations de cellules immunitaires". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20011.
Testo completoPrion diseases are neurodegeneratives pathologies of multiples determinisms. Inherited, sporadic or infectious forms are all associated with the expression of one protein, called prion protein or PrP. Infectious diseases are suspected to be caused by an abnormal conformational isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) named “scrapie” or PrPSc. Physiopathologic events associated with prion diseases are not completely understood, in part because physiological function of PrPC is not precisely known. PrPC is a glycoprotein located in the extracellular side of the membrane with GPI anchorage. Due to its location, PrPC has been implicated in many cellular functions as signalling, apoptosis modulation, cellular adhesion or receptor for the bacteria Brucella. However, many of these functions are not clear or are controversial. We try to determine the physiological role of cellular prion protein by studying different cellular mechanisms of two populations of immune cells : Tγ9δ2 lymphocytes in which important expression of PrP has been found and murine macrophages where PrP has been implicated in the entry and intracellular proliferation of Brucella. But, in both cases, we were unable to demonstrate a functional implication of the cellular prion protein
Reis, Suzana Dos. "Agrégation amyloïde et propagation de la protéine prion HET-s de Podospora anserina". Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21175.
Testo completoPrions are responsible for a group of neurodegenerative diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, or BSE in cows. The prion reproduces by recruiting the normal isoform and stimulating its conversion into the disease causing isoform. The prion phenomenon is nos restricted to mammals, it also exist in lower eukaryotes like the HET-s prion protein in Podospora anserina. During this work, the mechanism of the transition to prion state was analysed, as well as the role of the HSP104 on the emergence and maintenance of HET-s. HET-s aggregates into amyloids fibers in vitro, and these amyloids generated in vitro correspond to the infectious prion form. A fragment of HET-s, highly resistant to proteolysis in the amyloid form of the protein which correspond the C-terminal region, wasidentified. In a structure-function relationship study, it was shown that the C-terminal domain represents the prion-forming domain. The hsp104 gene was cloned by heterologous hybridation. This gene codes the HSP104 chaperon protein of Podospora anserina. A Podospora anserina strain that constitutively overexpresses the chaperon was constructed. The emergence and maintenance of [HET-s] was analysed in the strain. The overexpression of the HSP104 does not cure [HET-s]like for [PSI+]
Dakowski, Caroline. "Rôle de la protéine prion cellulaire (PRPC) dans la différenciation neuronale : Infection par les prions (PRPSC) et bases moléculaires de la neurodégénérescence". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T032.
Testo completoToupet, Karine. "Stratégies thérapeutiques des maladies à prions". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20128.
Testo completoPrion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. These diseases are induced by the accumulation in the brain of the misfolded isoform of the normal cellular prion protein: PrPSc. The emergence of new risks of transmission for these diseases and the lack of efficient treatments, prompt us to search for new therapeutic strategies and targets. We developed two innovative therapeutic approaches. The first one consisted in searching for molecules able to trap preamyloid forms of PrPSc (dimers and trimers), known as key elements in the replication cycle of prions. A drugs screening approach, in silico and in cellulo, allowed us to discover thienyl pyrimidine and thienyl azine compounds able to specifically oligomerize PrPSc molecules. These PrPSc oligomers decrease prions infectivity in vivo, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Our second strategie is a gene therapy approach using the dominant negative properties of certain polymorphisms of the prion protein, such as the Q218K and Q167R mutants. Our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ218K and PrPQ167R mutants, in mice, at the terminal stage of the disease. We succeeded in significantly prolonging the survival time of mice of 20%, with two intracerebrally chronic injections of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ167R mutant. All our results not only open the way for new therapeutic strategies against prion diseases but also will benefit for therapies of other neurodegenerative disorders
Moustaine, Driss El. "Etude des voies d'agrégation et de dissociation de la protéine prion sous haute pression". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20044.
Testo completoDepending on the physicochemical conditions, recombinant prion protein (PrP) aggregates under high pressure by two distinct pathways. The first, at alkaline pH, leads to the formation of oligomeric spherical particles with rich beta-sheet secondary structure. The second, at neutral pH, leads to amyloid fibrils formation. This amyloidogenic pathway is preceeded by the formation of a reversible reaction intermediate. Copper ions (Cu2+) and heparan sulfates (HS), two cofactors of PrP structural changes that would lead to infectivety, are able to modulate this aggregation in a competitive manner under high pressure conditions. In their presence, PrP aggregates form amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates, respectively. Amyloid fibrils, formed at atmospheric pressure in partially denaturing conditions, are very sensitive to pressure. After a cycle of compression/decompression, they are almost completely dissociated and PrP regain native secondary structure. Our thermodynamic analysis shows that fibrils present packing defect with water-excluded cavities. Pressure-jump experiences reveal that cavities are highly reduced in the transition state. Pressure appears as a promising tool to explore the conformationnel landscape of PrP aggregation and dissociation. Its use opens interesting prospects for the understanding of the mechanisms governing the formation of different prion strains
Marella, Mathieu. "La protéine prion associée à la pathologie : accumulation cellulaire et implication dans la migration des cellules microgliales". Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4036.
Testo completoTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals. They are characterized by the accumulation in central nervous system of a protein called PrPsc. This protein is the isoforme of a physiological protein mainly expressed at the surface of nerve cells and called PrPc. The accumulation and the aggregation of PrPsc come from a shift in tridimensional structure of PrPc. This simple conformational change of PrPc in PrPsc may lead the pathogenesis events encountered during the TSE. Our primary work attempts to inhibit the production of PrPsc using two strategies: first by specifically down regulating the synthesis of PrPc using Silencer RNA technique, secondly by disrupting the cellular localization of the PrPsc production using polyenic antibiotic called filipin. The second part of our work concerns the recruitment of microglial cells during disease. In affected brains, these cells were localized around PrPsc deposits and cerebral lesions. It has been shown that the recruitment of microglial cells precedes neuronal death. Thus understanding the molecular events implied in this recruitment seems essential. In the laboratory, the role of some of neuronal chemokines in this phenomenon has been demonstrated. Neurons incubated with PrPsc liberate chemokines like RANTES provoking the migration of the microglial cells. We have also demonstrated that the repression of the action of RANTES or its receptor CCR5, diminish the migration. Finally, we have determined the intra-neuronal signaling pathway responsible of the chemokines synthesis. Taken together these results represent new original ways for therapy
Alfa, Cisse Moustapha. "Implication des disintégrines dans le clivage physiologique de la protéine prion : régulation par les récepteurs muscariniques et les protéines kinases". Phd thesis, Nice, 2007. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00169101.
Testo completoSpongiform encephalopathies are fatal neurodegenerative diseases involving a highly protease resistant protein referred to as prion scrapie (PrPsc). Human prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and some iatrogenic transmission cases. PrPsc corresponds to the abnormal conformation of the ubiquitous cellular prion (PrPc) mainly synthesized in the central nervous system. PrPc is endoproteolyzed mainly at the 110/111 peptide bond, leading to a secreted product referred to as N1. ADAM10 and TACE are identified as the main enzymes responsibles for constitutive and regulated production of N1. Of most interest was demonstration that the most infectious innoculates of PrPsc remained innocuous in absence of PrPc. Thus, PrPc null mice resist toxicity and infection by scrapie homogenates. Therefore, strategies aimed at depleting endogenous PrPc has the potential of slowing down or preventing disease transmission. During my thesis I demonstrated that PKC-coupled muscarinic receptors are involved in the regulation of PrPc physiological cleavage and identified the PKC isoforms implicated in this mechanism
Alfa, Cisse Moustapha. "Implication des disintégrines dans le clivage physiologique de la protéine prion : régulation par les récepteurs muscariniques et les protéines kinases". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169101.
Testo completoThual, Carine. "Bases moléculaires du processus d'émergence et de propagation du prion Ure2p de la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112063.
Testo completoThe non-Mendelian genetic element [URE3] of the yeast is due to the loss of the function of Ure2p, a protein involved in the nitrogen-dependent repression of the ureidosuccinate utilization pathway. Ure2p inactivation is self-perpetuating, thus heritable. Like the other prion proteins, inactivation of Ure2p is widely believed to occur by its assembly into amyloid fibrils which contain cross b-sheets structures. A change in the conformation of Ure2p may account for the conversion of the protein from a soluble and functional state to an insoluble inactive state. We expressed Ure2p in E. Coli and demonstrated that Ure2p is a two domain protein. The N-terminal domain (1-93) is flexible and unstructured, while the C-terminal domain (95-354) is compactly folded. Ure2p oligomerizes in solution to form mainly dimers that assemble into fibrils that bind the dye Congo Red. The fibrils are similar to those formed by PrP or Sup35p. The kinetic of assembly is typical of a nucleation-propagation process described for amyloid proteins. We have further analyzed the properties of Ure2p N- and C-terminal domains. We expressed each domain separately, but it was not possible to obtain the N-terminal domain pure. We show that dimerization of Ure2p involves solely the C-terminal domain, which complements URE2 gene deletion in vivo. Ure2p devoid of its N-terminal domain is unable to assemble or incorporate into preformed amyloid fibrils. This result underlines the crucial role of the N-terminal domain in directing the assembly of the protein. A full-length Ure2p variant that possesses an additional tryptophane residue in its N-terminal moiety was generated in order to follow conformational changes affecting this domain. Comparison of the overall conformation of Ure2p, W37Ure2p variant and Ure2p C-terminal fragment reveals that Ure2p N-terminal domain confers no additional stability to the soluble form of the protein. N-terminal domain confers no additional stability to the soluble form of the protein. This is in contradiction with the hypothetical intra-molecular interaction between the N- and C-terminal moieties of Ure2p presented in a number of previous studies. Finally, this work clearly shows that the overall conformation of Ure2p is not affected during its assembly into fibrils. It is believed that the form of a given protein that assembles into amyloid fibrils is a partially unfolded polypeptide chain. .
Steverlynck, Céline. "Etude de l'expression et du trafic de la PrPc dans des cellules épithéliales d'origine intestinale : internalisation de protéine prion exogène". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P608.
Testo completoXu, Zhou. "Etude des relations structure-activité de la protéine du prion". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077079.
Testo completoPrion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders related to the misfolding of the endogenous protein PrP. At least two conformations are accessible by this protein, an a-helical normal one, PrPc, and a P-sheet enriched amyloid one, PrPSc. Stanley Prusiner's « protein only » hypothesis proposes that the infectious agent of these diseases may be exclusively made of PrPSc protein. The latter has first been identified in infected brains as aggregated amyloid deposits, which were resistant to proteinase K degradation. Although breakthrough knowledge has been gained in the past decades about the physico-chemical properties of the infectious agent, the transmission phenomenon, the pathological spread of the disease in animals and the cellular mecanisms implicated, important issues remain unanswered, such as the understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of different regions of thee protein. In this thesis, we tried to bring forward some insights into these functions and their properties. On the one hand, we identified a protective role of PrPc in the maintenance of genomic stability through its unstructured N-terminus region. On the other hand, our data suggest that the two C-terminal helices H2 and H3 may be the sufficient and necessary domain for prion conformational change and replication. Based on these results, we propose a functional model for the different regions of the protein. In particular, m molecular mecanisms of H2H3 domain conversion stimulate our fundamental understanding of the conformational change of PrP relatively to the concept of prion in general
Arellano, Anaya Zaira Esperanza. "Étude de la multiplication des prions en culture cellulaire et analyse des formes infectieuses de la protéine PrP". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1423/.
Testo completoPrions are infectious agents responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, which are fatal neurodegenerative disorders. These agents are made of a protein (PrPsc) which becomes infectious upon abnormal folding of the normal PrPc protein. In this study, we studied the extracellular release of prions from cells chronically infected with different prion strains and we also analysed the associated abnormal PrP. We first used rabbit RK13 epithelial cells to develop a titration assay in a cell format. This system allows a fast, robust and sensitive quantification of different prion strains without resorting to animal inoculation. We then show that cell cultures infected with several prion strains secrete prions and abnormal PrP in association with microvesicles of endosomal origin (exosomes). However, the effectiveness of this release may depend on the prion strain used. Biochemical analysis of the cellular and extracellular infectious prions led to the characterization of a new form of abnormal PrP. This form is resistant to proteolysis, much less insoluble than classical PrPres and may be small aggregates of PrPres. It may be generated in the endosomal compartment
Arkhipenko, Alexander. "Trafic de la protéine prion dans les cellules MDCK polarisées". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS228/document.
Testo completoThe Prion Protein (PrP) is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylated membrane protein attached to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI). While the misfolded PrPSc scrapie isoform is the infectious agent of “prion diseases” the cellular isoform (PrPC) is an enigmatic protein with unclear function. Prion protein has received considerable attention due to its central role in the development of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) known as “prion diseases”, in animals and humans. Understanding the trafficking, the processing and degradation of PrP is of fundamental importance in order to unravel the mechanism of PrPSc mediated pathogenesis, its spreading and cytotoxicity. The available data regarding PrP trafficking are contradictory. To investigate PrP trafficking and sorting we used polarized MDCK cells (two-dimensional and tree-dimensional cultures) where the intracellular traffic of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) is well characterized. GPI-APs that are sorted in the Trans Golgi Network follow a direct route from the Golgi apparatus to the apical plasma membrane. The exception to direct apical sorting of native GPI-APs in MDCK cells is represented by the Prion Protein. Of interest, PrP localization in polarized MDCK cells is highly controversial and its mechanism of trafficking is not clear. We found that full-length PrP and its cleavage fragments are segregated in different domains of the plasma membrane in polarized cells in both 2D and 3D cultures and that the C1/PrP full-length ratio increases upon MDCK polarization. We revealed that differently from other GPI-APs, PrP undergoes basolateral-to-apical transcytosis in fully polarized MDCK cells and is α-cleaved during its transport to the apical surface. This study not only reconciles and explains the different findings in the previous literature but also provides a better picture of PrP trafficking and processing, which has been shown to have major implications for its role in prion disease
Crozet, Carole. "Souris transgéniques pour la protéine prion ovine : transmission d'encéphalopathies subaiguës spongiformes transmissibles naturelles et expérimentales : contribution à la caractérisation des maladies à prions". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T036.
Testo completoCotto, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation moléculaire de la protéine prion de poisson-zèbre et expression génique au cours du développement". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12817.
Testo completoPrion diseases are characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform (PrPsc) of a physiologic protein (PrPc) that is encoded by the Prnp gene in humans. A homologous protein has been characterized in different Mammal species and Birds, the turtle and Xenopus. Different prion-like proteins have been identified in Fish, but their orthologous and paralogous relationship to the human Prnp gene are unknown. Here, we characterized the prion protein (PrP1) of the zebrafish after cloning of its cDNA. Although its primary amino acid sequence is relatively divergent, the PrP1 protein shows preserved PrP-type characteristic motifs. The prp1 gene expression pattern has been determined in zebrafish embryos and larvae by using in situ in toto hybridization and compared to the expression of the prp2 gene. The latter exists also in the zebrafish genome and encodes for another protein of the PrP family. The prp1 gene is expressed in the zebrafish embryo from the beginning of zygotic activation, suggesting a pleiotropic role of this protein during early embryogenesis. Twenty-four hours after fertilization, transcripts of prp1 are localized in distinct anatomical structures, with a main expression in the central nervous system, lateral line neuromasts, different parts of kidney, liver, heart, posterior intestine and pectoral fins. The prp2 gene is mainly expressed in neuromasts and pectoral fins. In conclusion, we confirm the appearance of the PrP gene at the origin of Vertebrate evolution. Moreover, the differential expression pattern for PrP-type genes during development could be used as an additional argument to clarify phylogenetic relations emanating from the duplication of the prp gene in the Teleostean Fish genome
Coustou, Linares Virginie. "Un modèle prion : études génétique et fonctionnelle de la protéine HET-s chez le champignon filamenteux Podospora anserina". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28724.
Testo completoLaferrière, Florent. "Structure quaternaire de la protéine prion : infectiosité, capacité de conversion, et potentiel de transmission interspécifique". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077021.
Testo completoPrion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that can affect human or many mammalian species. These infectious agents are composed of a misfolded state (PrPsc) of the endogenous form of the prion protein (PrP'). During the infection, PrPsc induces PrP' to convert into its pathological isoform, which forms aggregates in the brain causing the neurological disorders. Several prion strains are transmissible to a single host species. The implication of the aggregation state (quaternary structure) of PrPse in different aspects of prion diseases — phenotype, propagation, transmission. . . — is not well documented. Using ultracentrifugation methods, physicochemical approaches, infectivity assays, in vitro converting activity assays, and transgenic mouse models, we showed that : i) the most infectious and converting particles, specifically found in rapidly lethal priori strains, are actually of a small size, ii) that the in vitro conversion reaction of PrP (PMCA) mostly generates small particles which have a strong converting ability, via cycles of aggregation / fragmentation, and iii) that PrPsc quaternary structure does not seem to play a predominant role in prions potential to overcome species barriers. Ultimately, prion protein quaternary structure is strongly implicated in several aspects of prion propagation dynamics which goes from the conversion mechanisms to the disease phenotype
Février, Benoît. "Trafic intracellulaire de la protéine prion : rôle des exosomes dans la propagation de l'agent infectieux". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0037.
Testo completoPrion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders linked to accumulation in the central nervous system of an abnormally folded protein: PrPsc, thought to be the infectious agent. PrPsc is generated by a conformational change of the ubiquitous protein PrPc. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to shed light on the cellular mechanisms underlying prion protein transmission. Studies were carried to investigate the localization and fate in the extracellular environment of PrPc and PrPsc in the non-neuronal cell models Rov and Mov. In these cells, PrPc is internalized by clathrin coated pits (Rov) and caveolae (Mov) before being transferred to multivesicular endosomes. These compartments are also thought to be one of the sites of PrPsc accumulation. PrPc and PrPsc were found to be actively released into the extracellular environment by PrP-expressing cells before and after infection with sheep prions, respectively. Based on Western blot with specific markers, mass spectrometry and microscopy, the results altogether revealed that PrPc and PrPsc are associated with exosomes. Exosomes are membrane vesicles that are secreted upon fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. The presence of PrPc and PrPsc on exosomes is in agreement with their “raft-like” features. Exosomes bearing PrPsc are infectious in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that exosomes may contribute to intercellular membrane exchange and spread of prions throughout the organism. Interfering with exosome formation, secretion and targeting may constitute promising therapeutical approaches for prion diseases
Grznárová, Katarína. "Les relations moléculaires entre la maladie d'Alzheimer et les maladies à prions". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077291.
Testo completoMany human neurodegenerative diseases are now considered as caused by protein misfolding and prion-like mechanisms seem to be more the rule in these processes than an exception limited to prion diseases. The normal prion protein (PrP) appears to be critical in neurodegeneration induced by Aβ oligomers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, PrP- Aβ interaction is not reserved only to toxic Aβ1-42 oligomers. Also monomeric Aβ1-40, naturally produced in healthy brain as non-aggregated peptides, have been shown to interact with cellular PrP. We explored here the role of the interaction between PrP and monomeric Aβ1-40 in PrP aggregation process. To this aim, PrP and Aβ1-40 were produced as highly pure and monodisperse recombinant proteins. We show here a clear positive effect of Aβ1-40 on PrP aggregation. Moreover, we demonstrate that Aβ1-40 naturally binds to two distinct N-terminal regions of PrP and subsequently to a third binding site created after structural rearrangement of PrP globular domain, which contributes to enhance the oligomerization rate of the complex. These results bring new insight into the mechanisms of the physiologically relevant PrP-Aβ1-40 interaction as well as into key structural changes that might be involved in prion diseases
Petit, Constance. "La protéine cellulaire du Prion, nouvel acteur de l'homéostasie de l'épithélium intestinal, joue un rôle essentiel dans la fonction de barrière de l'intestin". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066504.
Testo completoArsac, Jean-Noël. "Caractérisation moléculaire de la protéine prion pathologique dans des formes atypiques d'encéphalopathies spongiformes subaiguës transmissibles chez les petits ruminants". Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10143.
Testo completoAtypical scrapie, suspected to be a TSE, has been investigated by Western blot method for characterisation of the PrPres, genetic analysis of prnp gene and transmission experiments in mice: TgOvPrP4, C57Bl/6. With TeSeE® Western blot all isolates (including NOR98) and TgOvPrP4 positive inoculated mice shared a unique biochemical signature originating from the presence of 2 products cleaved at both N and C sides of the protein and 1 product uncleaved or marginally cleaved. The genetic factors involved in susceptibility suggested a higher susceptibility of AHQ and AF141RQ animals, as earlier data from NOR98 scrapie. Transmission only succeeded in TgOvPrP4 mice and was strongly influenced by two factors acting synergistically: the PrPc expression levels of inoculated transgenic mice and the prnp genotypes of the animal at the source of atypical scrapie. Data are consistent with the hypothesis of a single TSE agent for atypical scrapie/NOR98 sharing similarities with some rare TSE in humans
Santini, Sébastien. "Flexibilité et changements topologiques de la protéine prion et du peptide β-amyloi͏̈de d'Alzheimer par simulations numériques". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11029.
Testo completoMadec, Jean-Yves. "Caractérisation de l'accumulation et des propriétés biochimiques de la protéine prion pathologique chez différentes espèces atteintes d'encéphalopathies subaiguës spongiformes transmissibles". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T207.
Testo completoKhalife, Manal. "Etude du rôle biologique de la protéine prion et de sa région polybasique par étude transcriptomique et par développement de souris transgéniques". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0041.
Testo completoTransmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, or Prion diseases, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect Humans and animals. The role of PrPC in prion diseases and its conversion into its pathological isoform PrPSc have been studied for many years and are well described. However, the biological function of this protein remains unclear. Our aim was to contribute to a better understanding of this physiological role. This thesis was subdivided in two projects. The first one aimed at analyzing the polybasic region of the protein by the creation of transgenic mice expressing mutated alleles and the second one aimed at studying the role of the prion proteins during early mouse embryogenesis, notably using transcriptomic analyses. Analysis of our transgenic mice expressing PrP alleles mutated in the polybasic region reveals the absence of in vivo toxicity of such alleles and that the deletion of aa23-27 does not affect the mouse susceptibility towards prions. Our transcriptomic studies revealed a crucial and complementary role of the prion proteins during embryogenesis and more precisely in the self-renewal and differentiation of the trophoblastic cells. It suggests an implication of these proteins in the biology of stem cells
Fichet, Guillaume. "Evaluation du risque lié à la résistance des prions et développement de techniques adaptées à leur élimination et /ou : inactivation". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066137.
Testo completoAl, Bersaoui Roméo. "Le gène de la protéine "prion-like" Doppel : Complexité de l'expression transcriptionnelle et traductionnelle dans le cerveau murin.Implications dans la dégénérescence des cellules de Purkinje chez les souris invalidées pour le gène de la protéine Prion". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13131.
Testo completoTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases. It is now established that the cellular prion protein (PrPc) is required for the propagation of these diseases. To unravel the still elusive physiological function of PrPc, several PrPc-deficient (Prnp0/0) lines were generated, among them the Nagasaki line which develops a late onset cerebellar ataxia linked to Purkinje-cell degeneration. This neurodegenerative disease has further been correlated with the ectopic expression in Prnp0/0 brain of the Prnd gene which encodes a PrP-like protein termed Doppel (Dpl). This protein is of particular interest as Dpl and PrPc were actually shown to be antagonistic, respectively neurotoxic and neuroprotective. To investigate the totally unknown molecular mechanisms underlying the cell-type specificity of Dpl neurotoxicity, we first elected to focus on the spatio-temporal expression of Dpl. Using highly purified anti-Dpl antibodies we generated, we showed by Western blotting that the Prnp0/0 cerebellum exhibits a distinct Dpl species pattern within the brain, supporting the idea that Dpl cell-type toxicity might be associated with specific Dpl species. Moreover, for the first time, we succeeded in localizing Dpl in situ within the brain. At the transcriptional level, we showed by in situ hybridization, Northern blot and RT-PCR, the presence of Prnd transcripts in both in Prnp0/0 and wild-type brain. 12 new transcripts were identified by RACE-PCR. This work, including the production of a new and efficient antibody tool, led to original data revealing a high degree of complexity of Prnd transcriptional and translational expression. These data will most likely open new perspectives to investigate the (patho)physiological function of Dpl, along with PrPc and its abnormal isoform, PrPres, responsible for TSEs
Rybner, Catherine. "Régulation de l'expression et caractérisation d'un nouveau partenaire de la protéine prion cellulaire dans la lignée leucémique promyélocytaire humaine NB4". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S001.
Testo completoPrion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of scrapie prion protein PrPsc aggregates in the central nervous system. According to the theory developed by S. B. Prusiner, the scrapie prion protein PrPsc could derive from the ubiquitously-expressed normal prion protein PrPc, through a conformational modification. In addition, the conversion of PrPc into PrPsc could be under the control of PrPsc itself. Down-regulating or blocking PrPc synthesis, and/or stopping its conversion into PrPsc, is therefore of crucial importance to treat prion diseases. .
Radreau, Félicie. "Cellules souches embryonnaires et neurales humaines : quand la PrP et l'APP "s'en mêlent" ou "s’emmêlent"". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT045/document.
Testo completoThe cellular Prion Protein (PrPc) is a ubiquitary protein mainly expressed in the central nervous system. It is particularly known for its conformational conversion in PrPSc in Prion diseases, which are proteinopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is associated with extracellular deposits of aggregated beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ) derived from successive β- and the γ-secretase cleavages of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) expressed by neurons. PrPc and APP share some common functions and proteolytic pathways (α- or β-secretase), involving them in proliferation, differentiation, synaptogenesis and cellular survival. PrPc is involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of many stem cells: adult neural (NSC), hematopoietic (HSC) and human embryonic (hESC). Several publications also show that PrP downregulates the cleavage of APP in Aβ and positively regulates the cleavage of APP in sAPPα suggesting an anti-amyloïdogenic role of PrPc. PrP could also act as a receptor of Aβ at the neuronal surface inducing LTP inhibition and synaptic alteration. In this context, the specific objectives of my thesis were:- Study of the expression of PrP, APP and its cleavage residues during neural induction of hESC in NSC and neuronal differentiation.- Impact of the modulation of PrP expression on APP cleavages as well as on stem cells properties (survival, proliferation, differentiation). 1. Neural induction of hESC in NSCFor this project, we have used Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC) for which the laboratory has an authorization from the “Agence de la Biomédecine”.For the neural induction, we have tested two protocols, the first one allows the obtention of neurospheres in suspension and then figures of “rosettes” composed of NSC, and a “monolayer” protocol that mimics the beginning of corticogenesis. An optimization of these protocols has been necessary (starting cell density, cell fixation methods to improve PrP detection). We have also determined the best conditions to analyze the expression of PrP, APP and its derived peptides (Aß, sAPPα/β). 2. Differentiation of NSCNSC derived from hESC were amplified and differentiated into neurons and/or astrocytes. Cells were characterized in particular by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR for the expression of the major astrocytic (GFAP) and neuronal markers (BIII-tubulin, doublecortin, synaptophysin) and the progressive decrease of NSC markers. Again we have determined the best conditions for cell density and kinetic time points for our analysis.3. Modulation of PrPC expression We have used lentiviral vectors allowing the expression of an anti-PrP shRNA, human PrP and respective controls. To achieve this task, lentiviral transductions of hESC and NSC were optimized: cell density, size of the seeding culture wells or MOI of lentivirus. Finaly, samples collected allowed us to evaluate the impact of PrPc modulation on the APP cleavages as well as on stem cells properties (survival, proliferation, differentiation)
Guillot-Sestier, Marie-Victoire. "Mise en évidence d'une fonction neuroprotectrice liée à un catabolite de la protéine prion : implication dans la maladie d'Alzheimer ?" Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4092.
Testo completoAlzheimer’s and prion’s diseases are two neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the misfolding and aggregation of proteins expressed in the brain. , β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and prion protein. This phenomenon leads to the apparition of amyloid plaques in patient’s brains and nerodegeneration. Moreover, strinking similarities exist between β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) and cellular prion protein (PrPc) that is converted in the pathological form PrPsc in prion diseases. Thus, βAPP and PrPc undergo physiological proteolysis by the same disintegrins. For both proteins, these clivages target putative toxic domains : Aβ and PrP106-126 and produce soluble N-terminal fragments sAPPα and N1, respectively. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neuronal death is likely due to oligomers of Aβ peptide. Interestingly, it has been reported that sAPPα is neuroprotective and can protect neurons against Aβ-related toxicity. Furthermore, in AD, Aβ concentration is enhanced whereas sAPPα production is reduced. However, any alteration in disintegrins expression or activity has been reported, suggesting that N1 production remains unaffected. Thus, the results obtained during my thesis demonstrated that the PrPc-derived N1 fragment protects neurons against apoptosis by down-regulating p53 both in vitro and in vivo ; N1 is able to protect neurons against oligomeric Aβ-related toxicity. Thereby, the neuroprotective fragment N1 could compensate sAPPα deficit and potentialyy participate to the compensatory mechanisms taking place during the long asymptomatic phase of AD
Kouadri, Amal. "Le cuivre influence le stress oxydatif et l'inflammation associés à la mucoviscidose et régule la barrière jonctionnelle bronchique saine via la protéine prion cellulaire (PrPC)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV080/document.
Testo completoIn cystic fibrosis (CF), inflammation is detected early on in the airways, even before the onset of bacterial infection, suggesting that mechanisms other than infection are at the origin of the initial inflammatory processes. Among these processes, there is the oxidative stress. The latter is widely accepted as a critical component of several diseases. My PhD project was focused on the characterization of the role of the oxidative stress in triggering inflammation in the CF disease. I used normal (HBE) and cystic fibrosis (CFBE) human bronchial epithelial cells. I also used two cell models derived from CFBE upon either, a stable expression of the wild-type protein (CFBE-wt), or its mutant form; delF508 (CFBEdeltaF508). The characterization of the inflammatory profile in our cellular models confirmed the presence of an intrinsic inflammation inCFBE cells. This profile was independent of the expression of the CFTR protein and was not modified upon the treatments with different molecules known to correct the trafficking of the mutant CFTR (delF508) protein. This suggest that other parameters might be the cause of the CF intrinsic inflammation. Recent studies from our group showed that cells from bronchial CF patients displayed a decrease in copper (Cu) concentrations, and increase in the production of free radicals, and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities, such as Cu/Zn-SOD. These results allowed us to establish a link between Cu levels, oxidative stress and inflammation. While investigating the levels of expression of a number of genes encoding proteins that control Cu homeostasis in HBE and CFBE cells, we found that the expression of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) was altered in CFBE cells. PrPC is a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein involved in prion infection, propagation and aggregation in the central nervous system that leads to transmissible spongiforme encephalopathies (TSE) diseases. Despite several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the capacity of PrPC to interact with other proteins, to bind copper (Cu) with high affinity and to protect cells against oxidative stress, its physiological functions were still under investigations, particularly in extra-neuronal tissues, such as the bronchial epithelium. We have addressed the role of PrPC in the lung cellular architecture, by determining its impact on the integrity of the lung epithelial junctions. This was performed in relation to Cu homeostasis and oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells. To further understand PrPC function, we developed a new HBE PrPC knock-out cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy. Overall, my project brought new insights into the understanding copper involvement in inflammation, oxidative stress and jonctionnal barriers, and how PrPC protein protect bronchial epithelial cells form copper-associated oxidative stress
Cormenier, Johanna. "La protéine Prion cellulaire (PrPC) dans la mucoviscidose : Rôle dans le maintien de la barrière épithéliale bronchique Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is up regulated in cystic fibrosis : Role of CFTR protein The cellular prion protein (PrPC ) contributes to the acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis mice". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV064.
Testo completoOne of the pathophysiological features of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease is the loss of the tightness of the intestinal and bronchial epithelial barrier (EB). This process participates in the transmigration of inflammatory cells as well as pathogens, such as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P.A). However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The involvement of the CFTR protein has recently been proposed in this phenomenon, yet its apical and not lateral localization suggests the involvement of other factors in the maintenance of EB. Recently, we identified the cellular prion protein (PrPC) as a partner of adherens (AJ) and desmosome junctions (DJ) proteins in human bronchial cells. In these cells, PrPC is first addressed to the apical membrane before being redirected to the lateral membrane where it interacts, stabilizes and protects the AJ and DJ proteins against oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the role of the PrPC protein in CF, particularly in the control of the EB, remains unknown.Thus, the objectives of my thesis were to characterize in vitro (cell lines) and in vivo (animal models), in the context of CF, i) the expression, localization and biochemical profile of the PrPC protein, ii) to study the expression of junctional proteins and their interactions with PrPC protein and to evaluate the impact of wild type and mutated CFTR (dF508) on the trafficking and membrane stability of PrPC protein, and finally iii) to demonstrate the involvement of PrPC protein in neutrophil and P.A transmigration in the CF airways.Altogether, the results showed for the first time that in CF the PrPC protein is not correctly addressed to the lateral membrane where it interact and stabilize the junctional proteins. The lack of PrPC trafficking from the apical to the junctional membrane appears to be linked to the CFTR mutation. As a result, the EB loses its effectiveness and becomes permissive to neutrophils and pathogens like P.A
Fenyi, Alexis. "Typage moléculaire des maladies neurodégénératives dues à l’agrégation de la protéine alpha synucléine". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS053.
Testo completoThe aggregation of α-synuclein protein has been shown to be associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, called synucleinopathies. Increasing amount of evidences suggest that synucleinopathies are prion diseases. Some aspects are missing for α-synuclein to be recognized as a prion, such as the existence of strains associated to synucleinopathies. During my thesis I set up a reliable method to amplify α-synuclein-rich deposits from patients tissues. I validated the method using all synucleinopathies tissues. This should allow the identification of α-synuclein strain related to each synucleinopathy. In addition, I also documented cleaning procedures for materials soiled with various amyloid fibers, in order to reduce the risk of contamination. Finally, I was associated to a study that shows the propagation abilities of different α-synuclein assemblies in a neuronal network mimicking human cortico-cortical connections. These results open the way to structural and functional studies of the amplified deposits