Tesi sul tema "Propriétés électrique de surface"
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Ritacco, Hernán A. "Propriétés de volume et de surface dans les systèmes mixtes polyélectrolytes/tensioactifs de charges opposés : une étude d'effet Kerr et tension de surface dynamique". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112207.
Testo completoThis work is a study of polyelectrolyte/surfactant systems in aqueous solution. Results of electrical birefringence, viscosity, equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension, x-rays reflectivity and surface viscoelasticity are presented. By means of electrical birefringence measurements we have determined the existence of five surfactant concentrations that characterise the systems. These concentrations include the equivalence point of charges (P_EQ), the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and the concentrations that defines the phase changes in the system. We have been able to make theoretical calculations that acceptably approximate the experimental results for the Kerr constant. For PAMPS (polyacrylamide sulfonate) the sulfonate internal groups (permanent dipole) are oriented independently of the field and for xanthan the orientation is controlled by the counter ions polarisation. The results of birefringence relaxation show that the polyelectrolyte evolves from a extended conformation to a more compact one. This collapse of the macro-molecule occurs close to PEQ. In respect to the surface properties we have found that the adsorption dynamics are closely related to the different characteristic concentrations mentioned. Using the diffusional model we have determined the existence of energy barriers of adsorption, whose value varies with the surfactant concentration, between 1 and 18 kT. This was associated to the variation of the net charge on the mixed complexes and to reorganisation process at the surface. We propose to explain the results of equilibrium surface tension (γ_eq) and dynamic ones (γ(t)) a model that considers the possibility of having two possible states for the surfactant at the interface. One of these states is attributed to the presence of the polyelectrolyte in the surface layer. Our conclusion is that, initially, the surfactant molecules adsorb being delayed by a "drag" of the polyelectrolyte. Then the polymer enters in the surface layer and produces the reorganisation of surfactant molecules in the interface. At equilibrium, all the species are complexed. The predictions made on the basis of the surface tension results are evaluated in the light of X-ray reflectivity measurements
Maillard, Alexis. "Structuration des propriétés électriques d'une surface vitreuse appliquée au contrôle de l'orientation d'une mésophase nématique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0490.
Testo completoThe work performed in this thesis focused on the development of a hybrid photonic system combining a novel functionalized vitreous material and a nematic mesophase of liquid crystals.The main component of the hybrid system is a commercial soda-lime glass, whose surface potential is structured via a plasma-assisted thermoelectric poling treatment. This is made possible through the use of a microstructured electrode. In a second phase, the electrically structured vitreous substrate is used to produce a simple photonic system that is a liquid crystal cell. These cells are designed to observe the alignment induced by the poled glass on the molecules. At this stage, the goal is to better understand the origin of the liquid crystal alignment on poled glass, which involves a multimodal characterization of the hybrid system, broken down into two main axis:• A structural study of the functionalized glass• A study of the molecular organization in contact with the poled substrateThe first axis is achieved through a thorough spectroscopic analysis of the poled substrate. Techniques such as polarized second harmonic generation microscopy, polarized Raman microscopy, and composition analysis by electron microprobe establish a clear link between the electrical function of the material and its atomic structure. The second axis, concerning molecular organization, is conducted using polarized light microscopy and polarized Raman spectroscopy techniques to measure molecular orientation. Furthermore, the application of an orientation distribution model allows for a comparison of molecular alignment between samples and with a reference planar alignment cell.The initial work of the thesis aimed to reproduce results previously obtained on similar systems, then to increase the size of the structures formed when liquid crystals come into contact with the substrate. In this context, the glass was poled using an electrode in the form of a microstructured grid. The results show that the obtained electrical function is highly oriented on the glass and that the liquid crystals follow this alignment by forming triangular patterns, with similar molecular flatness relative to the substrates for two poling grid sizes.These preliminary studies led to the use of a new wire-shaped electrode. The study of the poled glass structure shows a strong link between the appearance of a planar space charge and plasma production during the treatment. The origin of the space charge is further discussed based on Raman measurements. Subsequently, when poled glasses with wire anodes are brought into contact with liquid crystals, homogeneous alignment domains in the form of bands are produced. A strong correlation between domain size and poling voltage was observed, while the molecular alignment remained the same for all treatments. Finally, the design of dynamic In-plane Switching (IPS) cells with poled substrates allows for the comparison of the anchoring of molecules on the surface with a reference cell designed with commercially available substrates
Desanglois, Françoise. "Synthèses et propriétés électriques de nouvelles phases cristallisées ou vitreuses a base de bismuth, cadmium et plomb". Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10192.
Testo completoTatoulian, Ludovic. "Polymérisation de couches minces biofonctionnelles par électro-spray en post-décharge électrique : mécanismes et propriétés". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066415.
Testo completoPark, So Jeong. "Propriétés électriques et modélisation des dispositifs MOS avanvés : dispositif FD-SOI, transistors sans jonctions (JLT) et transistor à couche mince à semi-conducteur d'oxyde amorphe". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954637.
Testo completoPHAN, THANH BINH. "Polydiméthylsiloxane : réseaux aléatoires (RMN) et propriétés électriques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10013.
Testo completoAbdoulaye, Alassane. "Etude des propriétés diélectriques du système eau-zéolite NaY en relation avec les propriétés de surface". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20103.
Testo completoGuerch, Kévin. "Etude des propriétés physiques et électriques de matériaux céramiques utilisés en application spatiale". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30174.
Testo completoDielectric materials used on satellites are subject to radiative and thermal extreme stresses which may lead to disturbances on board instrumentation. The application efficiency can then decrease significantly due to charging and aging effects of used ceramics. With the aim to understand and predict these phenomena, the mechanisms investigation of charges transport and electrical aging on these ceramics is of high importance. The scientific approach of this study was to define a protocol and an experimental method which allows characterising the electrical and physico-chemical behaviours of raw boron nitride and coated with a thin coating of alumina. For this purpose, a parametric study was performed in the irradiation chamber, named CEDRE (at ONERA Toulouse) in order to assess the influence of some parameters such as, incident energy, primary electron flux, temperature, ionising dose, on charging, relaxation and electrical aging kinetics of these industrial ceramics. This study demonstrated that it is possible to greatly limit the dielectrics charging thanks to the use of a ceramic coating and suitable annealing thermal treatment. Indeed, the high secondary electron emission of alumina and the increase of surface conductivity generated by the annealing thermal treatment partly govern the low surface potential of coated boron nitride. Some alumina coating were subsequently elaborated through PVD-RF and then characterised in the irradiation chamber in order to identify the preparation parameters which allow optimising the electrical properties of system. It was shown that the optimisation of the roughness and the coating thickness limits the surface potential of ceramics. An experimental study was conducted in the frame of an international collaboration with the Materials Physics Group of the Utah State University (Logan, USA), in order to investigate the influence of nature and densities of electron defects on the electrical properties of different ceramics. The cathodoluminescence method was used and brought to light the origin of total conductivity difference between materials, raw, coated and annealed. A new method to measure the surface potential under continuous electron irradiation was developed and then validated. A partial discharges mechanism was identified on surface of annealed samples with this optimised device. Ageing processes of the irradiated materials was also studied in the irradiation chamber to reproduce the observed degradation in orbit over the long time. It was demonstrated that the charging of annealed coated materials is noticeable when the sample receive a critical ionising dose. Several physico-chemical characterisations were thus performed at CIRIMAT in order to study the evolution of structural and chemical properties of ceramics. This evolution was correlated with that of electrical properties after deterioration under critical electron irradiation. The contamination and deterioration mechanisms of coated ceramics are responsible of the electrical aging observed experimentally. Finally, these thorough experimental characterisations allowed the development of physical model for the description of the different mechanisms involved on irradiated ceramics and coating
Sénéchal, Vincent. "Polymères électro-stimulables pour le contrôle des propriétés de surface". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0756/document.
Testo completoElectro-responsive polymer surfaces are able to change their properties when they are stimulatedby an electric field. In this work, we grafted weak polyelectrolyte on surfaces by self-assembly orby transferring the molecules using the Langmuir-Schaefer method. First we studied theorganization of the polyelectrolyte chains at the surface for different pH and salt concentration ofthe subphase used in the Langmuir trough. Then we explored the response of the surfaces to pHand salt concentration changes by measuring the thickness variation of the polyelectrolyte filmsand the changes in contact angle. These preliminary studies allowed us to select the graftingdensity of polyelectrolyte chains and the pH and salt concentrations of the aqueous solutionadapted for the stimulation of the surfaces by an electric field. We then demonstrated that PAAand PDMAEMA grafted chains were very sensitive to the variation of the applied voltage whenthe pH is close to the pKa or from the pKb of the surface. If the charge of the surface has the samesign as the charges on the polyelectrolyte chains, the latter would adopt a brush conformation,whereas if the charge of the surface has the opposite sign compared to the sign of the charges onthe polyelectrolyte chains, the chains would collapse. This reversible transition of the chainsconformation with the sign of the applied voltage allowed us to control the wetting and theadhesion properties of these surfaces. Nevertheless, for a pH close to the pKb, the P2VP graftedchains are almost unresponsive to the application of an electric field. We supposed that this is theconsequence of a local pH variation inside the grafted chains when the electric field is applied
Menard, Stéphane. "Propriétés optiques et électriques des nanostructures Si/CaF2". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10235.
Testo completoBouriat, Patrick. "Etude par électro-osmose des propriétés électriques de surface du polyamide immergé en solution aqueuse". Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3035.
Testo completoOdic, Emmanuel. "Propriétés physicochimiques de décharges électriques à pression atmosphérique. Application à la décontamination biologique de surface". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351504.
Testo completoJacquet, Claudine. "Caractérisation géométrique et propriétés de transport de milieux poreux consolidés". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844830.
Testo completoHe, Qian. "Étude sur le mécanisme d'activation du bois/bambou/adhésif et amélioration du collage induit par le champ électrique à haute tension". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0147.
Testo completoIn this study, the advanced equipments were selected in order to investigate the effects of HVEF on the physicochemical properties of wood and bamboo, the effects of HVEF on the chemical structure and rheological properties of adhesives under a series of HVEF parameters. The aggregation effect of adhesive at bonding interface induced by HVEF has also been revealed and the micro-mechanical prediction model is established.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:1.After HVEF treatment, the surface activity of wood and bamboo increased significantly. Moreover, with the increase of voltage/time, the surface free radicals, O/C ratio and the number of oxygen groups increased significantly while the contact angle decreased. Under the condition of 60kV, the surface activity highly increased. The increment of free radicals was 26%, the decrease of initial contact angle was 22%, the decrease of equilibrium contact angle was 23%, the increment of free energy component was 43% ~ 75%, the increment of O/C ratio was 34%, the increment of oxygen-containing groups were 39% (C‒OH), 149% (C‒O or C=O) and 97% (O‒C=O), respectively. Therefore, under HVEF treatment, the physical and chemical properties of wood and bamboo can be significantly improved, which is conducive to improving the interphase properties of composite materials.2.With the increase of voltage/time, significantly improved inter-molecular reactions of urea formaldehyde resin and phenol formaldehyde resin were obtained. After 60kV/8 min treatment, significant increment of the characteristic peaks of C‒O groups were obtained. Under HVEF treatment, the temperature/frequency dependence of the rheological behaviors of the two resins changed significantly. Therefore, the degree of inter-molecular polymerization of phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resin can be significantly improved and the viscoelasticity of the resin can be improved under HVEF treatment.3.After HVEF treatment, the distribution of adhesive at the bonding interphase was continuous and uniform. The penetration depth was significantly reduced. The density and bonding strength at the bonding interphase were significantly increased, and the delamination rate was reduced. After treatment, the maximal density at interphase is 1081 kg/m3, which was 32% higher than the control. The bonding strength increased from 0.66MPa to 1.25MPa and the wood breaking rate increased to 85%, and the delamination rate decreased to 5.97%. For bamboo material, the bonding strength was significantly improved after HVEF treatment. The bonding strength of bamboo skin and bamboo skin was 9.51MPa, and the bamboo failure ratio was 60%. In the combination of bamboo pith and bamboo pith, the maximum bamboo failure ratio was 85%, which was increased by 70%. Therefore, under HVEF treatment, the continuous and uniform distribution of bonding interphase adhesives can be obtained, which can significantly improve the bonding performance of wood bamboo composite, and is conducive to the efficient utilization of wood bamboo composite.4. According to the vertical density profile at the bonding interface, the laminated stiffness and stress distribution model of the bonding interface has been established. The results showed that the relative error was less than ±15%. Based on the distribution model, the macroscopic mechanical properties of composite are predicted with the combination of composite mechanics and laminated plate theory, including elastic modulus, bending strength, shear modulus and shear strength. The results showed that the prediction error of mechanical properties is less than 30%. With the stiffness and strength distribution model, the effect of HVEF treatment can be quantitatively characterized and the mechanical properties of HVEF treated composites can be predicted. As a result, strengthening mechanism of bonding interphase can be revealed with the the stiffness and strength distribution model
Lopez, garcia Andres Jenaro. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés piézoélectriques de nanofils de ZnO et de nanocomposites associés en vue d’une application à la conversion d’énergie mécanique à électrique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALT043.
Testo completoWith the increasing development of wireless networks of low-power sensors for the so-called internet-of-things, there is a need for efficient ways to ensure the energetic autonomy of sensing nodes. Among the various energy harvesting solutions, converting the abundant mechanical energy present in the environment into electrical energy is very promising. In this emerging field of research, ZnO nanowires (NWs) have been strongly studied during these last two decades, both as such, and integrated into nanocomposite materials. At the nanoscale, they feature improved electromechanical properties compared to bulk, as well as easy integration and manufacturing, on both rigid and flexibles substrates. However, some intriguing discrepancies between the experimental and simulation results available at the beginning of this PhD highlighted the need for a better understanding of the piezoelectric operation of NW-based composites, especially for what concerns two important aspects which had been poorly addressed so far: the coupling between piezoelectric and semi-conducting properties in simulations, and the dependence of electromechanical properties with ZnO NW growth method or with NW surrounding environment in experiments.From the theoretical point of view, this Ph.D. thesis studies the coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties in ZnO NWs and related nanocomposites and provides optimization guidelines for mechanical to electrical transducing applications. It investigates the influence of doping level, free carrier density, interface traps and geometrical parameters on electromechanical parameters. Simulations of ZnO NW-based nanocomposites under mechanical compression were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Experimentally, several atomic force microscopy (AFM) modes, such as piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) were used, in order to probe locally electrical and electromechanical parameters which play a key role in the efficiency of the piezoelectric response of ZnO NWs. Our results showed that doping level, free carriers and surface traps, as well as traps dynamics, must be considered in order to explain the amplitude and the potential asymmetry of the electromechanical response, or the influence that geometry has on it. They demonstrate that semiconducting properties should be taken into account for the analysis of experimental results and for the correct design of electromechanical self-powered devices based on ZnO NWs and nanocomposites
Vincent, Sylvie. "Influence du prétraitement thermique sur les propriétés électriques du dioxyde d'étain polycristallin. Application à la détection du méthane". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844425.
Testo completoSénépart, Océane. "Challenges in surface energy modulations for (moto)neurons axonal growth". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS455.
Testo completoTo create functional neuronal circuit units, axons during nervous system development and/or regeneration are subjected to guidance signals. Their expressions occur in spatio-temporal variation and are translated by the growth cone into a pathway to reach the connecting target. Their targets can be a neuron or a muscle cell, depending on the type of neuron. This path is generated by interactions with the surrounding environment such as cells or other substrates of which are the extracellular matrices. Understanding these interactions with the substrate would allow us to mimic them in innovative biomaterials and/or implants. We chose to focus on motoneuron axonal repair after trauma in this study. Indeed, after a nerve injury or cut, the axon that was cut will undergo a non-targeted and slow regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. The specificity of this nervous system part is the size of its axons that will slow the recovery speed down and multiply the possible uneffective regrowth routes because they are usually very long. Thus, a solution must be found to accelerate and guide the axonal regeneration. We propose to study the effect of an exogenous electric field on axonal regrowth as a preliminary study to the creation of an electroactive neuro-implant. The originality of the project lies in the contactless stimulation method : the cells are not in direct contact with the electrodes, and the innovative electrode geometry : the global field is null, with no conduction to prevent electrolysis and pH increase. This configuration gives access to the direct electric field impact on the cells without parasitic interactions. To start, understanding the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the cells and the electric field is necessary and the choice is made to start with in-vitro tests in 2D cell culture. After evaluating the motoneuron mechanical properties, a contactless stimulation device is designed and a protocol to stimulate PC12 cells is determined. The protocol is tested on two motoneurons cell lines : MN1 and NSC34 to improve its parameters, such as stimulation voltage and duration, and the electric field effect on the adhesion surface is assessed with CST simulation and contact angle measurements. The stimulation impact on MN1 and NSC34 cell lines is evaluated with several tests such as neurite size, neurite orientation and surface occupied by the cells and the results are observed thanks to immunohistochemistry. A conclusion is made on the capacity of the EF to influence different motoneuron cell lines by increasing their neurite sizes, orientate them and improve their adhesion to the substrate. This work illustrates the possibility to use a contactless electric field to accelerate and guide the axon growth and allows us to elucidate the mechanisms behind the impact of it on the cells and the substrate
Lagoute, Jérôme. "Images et fluctuations du courant sur surfaces métalliques et fils moléculaires adsorbés en microscopie à effet tunnel". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30068.
Testo completoAbboud, Benaïssa. "Étude des propriétés de surface des cristaux ferroélectriques de T. G. S. , de NaNO2 et de G. A. S. H". Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT2008.
Testo completoRenaut, Nicolas. "Amélioration des propriétés thermomécaniques et ignifuges du polypropylène : applications aux matériels électriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10137.
Testo completoOur study deals with the processes used in order to improve the thermomechanical and fire retardant (FR) properties of polypropylene (PP) materials used in electrical equipments. The fIfst chapter concerns the improvement of the thermomechanical properties trough the development of polymer alloys. Bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) is used as modifying polymer in the PP matrix. To improve the compatibilization of the polymer blends, two compatibilizing agents (AC) have been evaluated but the obtained properties are not sufficient and thus improvement of the properties was thus achieved using inorganic fillers. The second chapter is about the processes for imparting flame retardancy to PP materials reinforced by mineraI fillers (mica, talc or calcium carbonate). Two types of FR additives are tested: a phosphorous compound (APP: ammonium polyphosphate) used in intumescent systems and various brominated compounds. ln the case of the composite materials containing calcium carbonate, interactions between APP and fillers are evidenced and restrict the development of the protective thermally insulating structure (char) resulting in low FR properties whereas formulations with brominated compound present acceptable properties. However Br compounds present sorne environmental concerns. As a consequence, the last chapter deals with the processes that allow imparting flame retardancy to the PP composites surface. Before applying a FR protective paint, the materials are treated by low pressure radiofrequency cold plasma (O2, Ar, pure or mixture of them). By means of a global analysis of the topography, the surface chemical composition evolution and wettability, we propose sorne rearrangement mechanisms occurring at the PP matrix surface. We demonstrate that these mechanisms influence the adhesive properties of the treated materials and differ for each material as a function of the composition and nature of the fillers
Salloum, Elias. "Etude statique et dynamique des propriétés magnéto-mécaniques optimisées par texturisation laser de surface dans les aciers électriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0039.
Testo completoThis thesis is part of the European project ESSIAL (Electrical Steel Structuring, Insulating and Assembling by means of the Laser technologies), which aims at using laser technology for surface treatment to reduce iron losses, noise and vibrations of magnetic origin in electrical steels. The study consists first of all in defining magnetic and magneto-mechanical properties at the mesoscopic scale. These properties are determined from a homogenization of the behaviour in the magnetic structure which presents different types of domains (longitudinal main domains, surface domains, transverse or out-of-plane secondary domains, transverse or out-of-plane closure domains ...). It takes into account different conservative and dissipative energy contributions thanks to a Maxwell-Boltzmann type statistic. The magnetic properties concerned are permeability and a dynamic dissipative property representing the dynamic magnetic losses. The magneto-magnetic behavior is described by a magnetic modulus (conservative elastic) and the magneto-mechanical delay (dissipative damping). The effect of diffusion on the magnetic and magneto-mechanical behavior and on the Maxwell forces present in the air gaps is also studied using Maxwell's equations. The modeling is completed by a vibrational mechanics aspect which takes into account the inertia, the stiffness and mechanical damping. The integration of the different properties in the diffusion and vibration models allows the reconstruction of magnetic and magneto-mechanical hysteresis cycles. In parallel, synchronized magnetic and mechanical measurements adapted to these models are carried out thanks to a dedicated test bench. The entities being the surface magnetic field, the mean induction in the section of a sheet and the acceleration at the free end of the sample are processed and used for the identification of the magneto-mechanical properties using the magnetic diffusion model and the longitudinal vibration model. The identification is performed based on finite element discretization and numerical methods that minimize the error between measurements and models. Finally, the effect of three short and ultra-short pulse surface laser processes (irradiation, scribing, ablation) on the magneto-mechanical behavior is obtained by performing a parametric study which consists in comparing the identified properties before and after treatment. Two examples of applications without air gap (single-phase transformer) and with air gap (single-phase inductance) are used to study in a relative way the impact of a laser treatment on Maxwell stresses and magnetostriction. The proposed study allows the determination of laser parameters that allow an optimal reduction of vibrations and noise of magnetic origin while reducing iron losses of soft ferromagnetic laminated cores within the magnetic components of electrical equipment and machines
Mahfoud, Tarik. "Bistabilité moléculaire dans des complexes de métaux de transition : commutation par un champ électrique et détection optique par résonance des plasmons de surface". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1321/.
Testo completoThe aim of the present cook coas to investigate the electrical and optical properties of scoichable malecular complexes, suchas spin crossover of valence tautomeric comprends. We performed a detailed Raman spectroscopic stuby on three different Valence tautomeric compound under au opplied enternal electric field. We have beenable to provide experimental evidence for a new type of electric field induced transition in thes compounds. In the second part of this cook, we developed a novel approch for the setection of spin crossover in nanometric thim films co free sensing is based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection of refractive index changes in the films
Renaut, Nicolas. "Amélioration des propriétés thermomécaniques et ignifuges du polypropylène : applications aux matériels électriques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10137/document.
Testo completoOur study deals with the processes used in order to improve the thermomechanical and fire retardant (FR) properties of polypropylene (PP) materials used in electrical equipments. The fIfst chapter concerns the improvement of the thermomechanical properties trough the development of polymer alloys. Bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) is used as modifying polymer in the PP matrix. To improve the compatibilization of the polymer blends, two compatibilizing agents (AC) have been evaluated but the obtained properties are not sufficient and thus improvement of the properties was thus achieved using inorganic fillers. The second chapter is about the processes for imparting flame retardancy to PP materials reinforced by mineraI fillers (mica, talc or calcium carbonate). Two types of FR additives are tested: a phosphorous compound (APP: ammonium polyphosphate) used in intumescent systems and various brominated compounds. ln the case of the composite materials containing calcium carbonate, interactions between APP and fillers are evidenced and restrict the development of the protective thermally insulating structure (char) resulting in low FR properties whereas formulations with brominated compound present acceptable properties. However Br compounds present sorne environmental concerns. As a consequence, the last chapter deals with the processes that allow imparting flame retardancy to the PP composites surface. Before applying a FR protective paint, the materials are treated by low pressure radiofrequency cold plasma (O2, Ar, pure or mixture of them). By means of a global analysis of the topography, the surface chemical composition evolution and wettability, we propose sorne rearrangement mechanisms occurring at the PP matrix surface. We demonstrate that these mechanisms influence the adhesive properties of the treated materials and differ for each material as a function of the composition and nature of the fillers
Fragneaud, Benjamin. "Synthesis and characterization of polymer/carbon nanotubes composites : impact of polymer grafting on the surface of CNx MWNTs on the electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0124/these.pdf.
Testo completoADes nouveaux matériaux hybrides, provenant du greffage de polystyrène à la surface de nanotubes de carbone dopés azote (CNx MWNTs) ont été synthètisés et utilisés dans l’élaboration de nano-composites à matrice polymère. Dans ces travux de recherche nous avons étudiés l’impacte de ces nanotubes de carbone greffés polystyrène sur les propriétés mécaniques et électriques de matrices polystyrène (PS et poly (butadiène-co-styrène) (PSBS). Les nanotubes greffés ont une meilleure dispersion dans une matrice de polystyrène que les nanotubes sans traitement chimique. Cependant, ce type de fonctionnement ne permet pas de baisser le seuil de percolation électrique, puisque le greffage tend à isoler électriquement les nanotubes. Par ailleurs, nous avons observé une sensible augmentation de l’effet de renfort mécanique de la matrice PS quand les tubes sont greffés ; particulièrement quand les composites sont soumis à de grandes déformations. Dans le cas particulier d’une matrice nano structurée comme le PSBS, nous avons observé un effet de renfort mécanique beaucoup plus important quand les nanotubes étaient greffés. En effet, la couche de PS à la surface des CNx MWNTs connecte les domaines de PS du copolymère, permettant l’apparition d’un réseau percolant rigide avec un seuil de percolation très bas (PC <0. 05 vol%)
Mahfoud, Tarik, Azzedine Bousseksou, Gábor Molnár e Azzedine Bousseksou. "Bistabilité moléculaire dans des complexes de métaux de transition : commutation par un champ électrique et détection optique par résonance des plasmons de surface". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667718.
Testo completoLajaunie, Luc. "Influence de la préparation de surface sur les propriétés physiques des contacts à base Cobalt sur n-Ge". Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Lajaunie-Luc/2009-Lajaunie-Luc-These.pdf.
Testo completoThe influence of various surface cleaning procedures on both electrical properties and microstructure of Co based n-Ge Schottky contacts has been studied. In-depth diffusion of metallic impurities into the Ge substrate has been reported after thermal pre-treatments. After germanidation, gettering of the metallic impurities by the germanide phases has been observed. While no more oxide interlayer is observed after HF etching and thermal pre-treatment at 700°C, a temperature of 400°C has been found to be not enough to remove the oxide interlayer. However, it modifies the chemical nature of the oxide interlayer. A complex microstructure is reported for all the samples after germanidation. For most of the samples, the coexistence of Co5Ge7 and CoGe2 structures and an increase of the roughness of the M/SC interface have been observed. The particular microstructure observed, after germanidation, for the sample pre-treated at 400°C has been ascribed to the remaining oxide interlayer. Whatever the pre-treatments, the behaviours of all the Schottky diodes could not be explained by the thermionic model only. This model leads to a large underestimation of the Richardson’s constant. By a detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of the Schottky barrier heights, we have pointed out the necessity to reason in term of barrier inhomogeneity, these last being strongly influenced by the microstructure. The electrical results have been explained in the framework of the Fermi level pinning concept. While a strong Fermi level pinning is observed for intimate contacts, the presence of the native Ge oxide at the M/SC interface yields a depinning of the Fermi level. However, this depinning has been found to be dependent on the chemical nature of the oxide interlayer
Havard, Eric. "Contribution à l'étude de l'injection électrique dans les VCSEL de grandes dimensions". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353238.
Testo completoBarbier-Brygoo, Hélène. "Étude des propriétés électriques du tonoplaste des vacuoles isolées : application à l'analyse des différences observées entre betteraves sucrières et fourragères". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112103.
Testo completoBahbouh, Nidal. "Contribution des propriétés structurales et physico-chimiques des surfaces réelles d'InP et du mode d'élaboration aux caractéristiques électriques des diodes Schottky Au, Ag/InP". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20261.
Testo completoRoggero, Aurélien. "Analyse du vieillissement d'un adhésif silicone en environnement spatial : influence sur le comportement électrique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30267/document.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis falls within the technical field of electrostatic discharges occurring on the solar arrays of communications satellites in the geostationary orbit. Its main objective consists in assessing the evolutions of a space-used commercial silicone adhesive's electrical properties, and to correlate them with the evolutions of its chemical structure. The main components of this material have been identified, and neat samples (deprived of fillers) were elaborated so as to study the isolated polymer matrix. In order to assess the influence of filler incorporation, neat samples were systematically compared with the commercial ones in this study. The material's physicochemical structure in the initial state was characterized by studying its enthalpy relaxations, mechanical response, and by performing chemical analysis. Its electrical behavior (dipole relaxations and conductivity) was investigated thanks to an original experimental approach combining surface potential decay measurements, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and thermally stimulated depolarization currents. Aging in the space environment was experimentally simulated by exposing the samples to high fluxes of high energy electrons. Chemical analysis (solid state NMR in particular) revealed the predominant crosslinking tendency of this material under ionizing radiations, and allowed to suggest degradation mechanisms at the microscopic scale. These structural evolutions also strongly impact its electrical behavior: a great increase in electrical resistivity has been observed with increasing ionizing dose. It is believed that electrical resistivity directly depends on the degree of crosslinking, which affects charge carrier mobility, in the theoretical frame of hopping and percolation models. The increase in resistivity is considerably more pronounced in the filled material, which could be associated with crosslinking occurring at the matrix-particles interface. Such crosslinks are thought to represent deeper traps for charge carriers. This work brought better understanding of aging phenomena in silicone elastomers exposed to the ionizing space environment. This knowledge will help predicting structural evolutions that may compromise vital properties such as adhesion, and the evolutions of intrinsic conductivity, a critical factor involved in the triggering of electrostatic discharges
Dutraive, Marie-Sophie. "Etude des propriétés électriques du dioxyde d'étain. Nature des défauts et influence du mode d'élaboration". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842723.
Testo completoMessaoudi, Rabah. "Paramètres influençant l'efficacité de la décharge du type couronne dans le traitement de surface des polymères. Rôle de l'humidité". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30195.
Testo completoGuillemet, Sophie. "Rôle des traitements thermiques sur les propriétés structurales, microstructurales et électriques de manganites de métaux de transition. Application au vieillissement des thermistances à coéfficient de température négatif (ctn)/ par Sophie Fritsch". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30025.
Testo completoBeigbeder, Joana. "Etudes des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites à matrice polysiloxane : application au développement d'un revêtement de contrôle thermique froid et antistatique". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/702/.
Testo completoSolar reflectors are new cold (low solar absorptivity, high thermal emissivity) thermal control coatings for satellites slightly sensitive to low earth orbit (LEO) environment. The aim of our work is their adaptation to geostationary (GEO) environment. These reflectors are composed of a reflective layer and a transparent highly electrically resistive polysiloxane coating. To evacuate electrical charges induced by GEO environment, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and metal oxides nanoparticles (zinc oxide, indium tin oxide ITO) were added to the resin and their effect on thermo-optical, electrical and electrostatic discharge (ESD) properties studied. A small proportion of CNT into polymer leads to a better electrical conductivity for the composite but also to an important solar absorptivity. Adding ITO nanoparticles to the polymer permits to increase the thermal emissivity and so to lower the thickness of coatings. ITO composites display good electrostatic discharge with low ITO concentrations. Zinc oxide particles do not permit to improve the electrical properties of composites
Marbouh, Othmane. "Capteurs à ondes acoustiques de surface pour la caractérisation multiphysique des propriétés des tôles ferromagnétiques dans les machines électriques de fortes puissances". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CLIL0019.
Testo completoHigh-power electrical machines are subjected to severe mechanical, thermal, and magnetic stresses during operation. To ensure their reliability and continuous operation, it is crucial to have real-time information on these constraints, often at a local scale. Wireless and battery-free sensor technologies, combined with effective data analysis and signal processing techniques, are essential to meet this need. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) allow the design of wireless and completely passive sensors capable of measuring various physical quantities such as temperature, mechanical stress, and magnetic fields, thanks to advanced design engineering. The work carried out in this thesis has enabled the development of multi-quantity SAW sensors for measuring deformations, temperature, and magnetic fields. These sensors were first calibrated on laboratory test benches and then used to characterize the mechanical properties, such as magnetostriction, and magnetic properties, such as magnetic losses, of ferromagnetic sheets used in the design of high-power electrical machines. Characterizing the properties of ferromagnetic sheets is crucial for several reasons: designing efficient electromagnetic systems, minimizing vibrations and unwanted noise, controlling energy dissipation, preventing material fatigue, optimizing component design for energy efficiency, and developing heat-resistant components for reliability and durability. The thesis project involves JEUMONT Electric (a high-tech company specializing in energy conversion solutions), the AIMAN-FILMS group from IEMN, and the Numerical Tools and Methods team from L2EP. Each partner brings specific expertise to address the multi-physical instrumentation of high-power electrical machines
Royes, Paul Timothée Louis. "Composites aluminium - nanotubes de carbone pour application électrique : élaboration par métallurgie liquide, mise en forme et caractérisation". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0015.
Testo completoThe lightening of structures, including electrical cables, is a major issue for aviation and rail industries, major consumers of energy resources. The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcements in the preparation of composite materials with aluminum matrix is a promising solution to achieve improved properties in the material. The preparation by liquid metallurgy of an Al-CNT material with induction furnace processing is facing challenges such as the integration and dispersion of CNTs in liquid aluminum.A scales integration method has been implemented with fiber and carbon fiber nanofibres (NFC). It has allowed to identify that the presence of a copper interface at the surface of reinforcements and mechanical stirring are the key points to promote wetting and dispersion of CNTs. An Al-NFC composite material with improved mechanical properties was developed and the copper contribution provided by the interface could be quantified. NFC contribution to improving the elastic strength relative to the reference aluminum is + 44% with optimized elaboration parameters.The behavior of CNTs with and without copper interface in liquid aluminum has been studied using thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. An analytic model for aluminum carbide growth has been established theoretically and was experimentally calibrated with an integrate-pictures correlated method. The influence of CNTs on the heterogeneous nucleation of aluminum has also been studied and a method to obtain fine equiaxed structure has been determined
Siniscalco, David. "Assemblage or/polymère d’épaisseur nanométrique : influence de la température sur les propriétés physiques". Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1022/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is part of an effort to describe the impact of temperature on hybrid systems and more particularly on a gold/polymer system. The use and study of properties of gold thin film is a timely topic as evidenced by the large number of publications each year (>6000). The fields of applications are numerous especially in areas of electronics, medical or energy… Many factors can modify physical properties (structural, electrical, optical) of nanoscale assemblies. In this work, we have chosen to study the influence on physical properties of the assembly of the substrate temperature during the deposition of thin layers of gold.In the first part, effects of temperature on the surface morphology of the assemblies will become apparent from a statistical study of AFM images. To perform this analysis we have developed a new granular analysis method called IDF – Interfacial Differential Function. We will demonstrate the effectiveness of this statistical approach against the existing methods by analyzing different models and surfaces, by extracting the characteristic distances (grain size, inter-grain distance). The method has been successfully applied to the study by demonstrating changes in the morphology of thin films deposited on silicon versus the temperature of the substrate during deposition. We were able to show that, contrary to what previously described in the literature, the increased roughness observed when the deposition temperature increased, is not due to an increase in the width of the grains.In a second part, we will study the evolution of the internal structure of assemblies based on the deposition temperature. The strong influence of the thermal properties of the polymer structure on the gold/polymer nano-assembly has been shown by X-ray reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy. The combination of x-ray reflectivity associated with the atomic force microscopy has allowed us to reveal the evolution with the temperature of the structure changes from a layered structure at low temperature to a more complex structure of composite type with the presence of polystyrene on the surface for high temperatures.In the last part, the impact of temperature on optical electric properties, assemblies will be presented. The transition from a conductive surface at low temperature to a high temperature insulating surface will be highlighted via an original study based on a mapping of electrical resistance produced by AFM. Optical exaltation properties will be presented through a study by Raman spectroscopy.In conclusion, results of this work will be put in perspective with respect to potential applications such as flexible electronics and fabrication of sensors
Bayoda, Kossi Djidula. "Propriétés électriques, optiques et mécaniques d'une décharge de surface à barrière diélectrique nanoseconde pulsée. Application à la mesure de vitesse pariétale et au contrôle des écoulements aérodynamiques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2319/document.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to study new design of nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in 3 electrodes configuration: the sliding discharge (SL-DBD), to compare it to the conventional nanosecond DBD in 2 electrodes geometry (NS-DBD) and to show also its capacity to be used as a friction velocity or wall shear stress sensor and to be used as electromechanical actuator for flow control.In its first part, the electrical properties of these two discharges are characterized and point out the key parameter governing the transition of one regime to another. The visualizations with an intensified camera confirm this transition when the mean electric field increases over 6.5 kV/cm. Therefore they extend further and cover the inter-electrode gap. Mechanical diagnostics (Schlieren and pressure measurements) characterize the pressure wave generated by these discharges. In the second part, the electrical characterization of the SL-DBD under flow conditions shows that the courant « collected » by the third electrode is almost proportional to the wall flow velocity. However, even if other studies needed to be performed, these encouraging results reveal the ability of the SL-DBD to be used as a friction velocity or a wall shear stress sensor. Finally, the third part is addressed to the effect of the SL-DBD on aerodynamics flows in order to manipulate them. Several configurations are studied (airfoil, backward facing step, flat plate) and the results have shown the complexity of the physicals phenomena governing the control authority, without being able to fully explain them
Chayani, Moncef. "Spéficité structurale et propriété d'oxyde de silicium déposé par procédé plasma". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30091.
Testo completoIchas, Valerie. "Étude sous pression des propriétés électroniques et magnétiques de composés de neptunium : NpGa3 et les monopnictures de Np : Net réalisation d'un réfrigérateur d'3He pour la mesure de la résistance électrique en dessous de 1,5K". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10041.
Testo completoMasson, Cécile. "Caractérisation des films passifs formés sur aciers inoxydables en milieux électrolytiques : modélisation par spectrométrie d'impédance". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10155.
Testo completoCapdeville, Stéphanie. "Couches minces de ferrites spinelles à propriétés semiconductrices destinées à la réalisation de microbolomètres". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009540.
Testo completoTousch, Corentin. "Incorporation de nanotubes de carbone dans les couches d’oxyde formées par le procédé d’oxydation par plasma électrolytique de l’aluminium en vue d’élaborer des couches d’oxyde conductrices". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0282.
Testo completoThe most common method to enhance the surface properties of aluminum is acid-based anodization, forming a protective layer of aluminum oxide on the metal surfaces. This imparts improved wear and corrosion resistances due to alumina's high hardness and chemical stability. However, aluminum oxide is a strong electrical insulator, substantially increasing contact resistance in anodized components. Traditional electrolytic surface treatments involving nickel, cadmium, and chromium maintain electrical conductivity but involve heavy metal-containing electrolytes, including carcinogenic hexavalent chromium, a substance facing European Union import restrictions. Consequently, alternative treatments are sought, leading to electrolytic plasma oxidation. This electrochemical conversion process differs from acid anodization, using higher current/voltage and dilute basic electrolytes. The resulting oxide layer is porous, enabling the incorporation of solid particles. These particles are dispersed in the electrolyte and gradually incorporated within the growing oxide layer. By adding conductive particles it is conceivable to create percolation paths, forming a composite aluminum oxide-particle layer that protects the underlying aluminum while maintaining low electrical contact resistance.Carbon nanotubes were chosen for their excellent electrical conductivity and high form factor, enabling percolation at low volume concentration. The study aims at incorporating carbon nanotubes into the oxide layer generated during aluminum plasma electrolytic oxidation to produce conductive oxide layers. Experimental investigations establish fundamental insights into incorporation mechanisms, impact of electrical parameters, the influence of carbon nanotubes on the process, and coating properties, especially electrical behavior. Results reveal that carbon nanotubes accelerate layer growth and increase oxide coating porosity. High concentrations yield excessively porous layers with defects (cracks, delamination), compromising layer integrity. Carbon nanotubes in both the electrolyte and the growing oxide substantially affect the process. Transition to "soft" micro-discharge regime shifts earlier with higher nanotube concentrations under suitable electrical conditions. Excessive nanotube concentrations inhibit the process, preventing oxide layer formation. "Arc" regime treatments favor nanotube incorporation in the oxide compared to "soft" regime treatments. Although carbon nanotube incorporation significantly enhances oxide layer electrical conductivity, the percolation threshold isn't reached, and layers remain insulating for now. Despite this, the results are highly promising, prompting further research to optimize electrical conductivity in these composite coatings, building upon the findings reported here
Mboko, Hilaire. "Obtention d'alliages amorphes électrolytiques de NI-P : Étude de quelques propriétés magnétiques". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10214.
Testo completoDalla, Francesca Kevin. "Exfoliation du graphène par voie liquide en vue d'une application aux contacts électriques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS134/document.
Testo completoGraphene is a special carbon material due to its electrical properties (electron mobility at room temperature 200 000 cm²V-¹s-¹), mechanical (Young modulus of 1.5 TPA) and ability to protect a substrate of atmosphere. This makes it an ideal candidate as a protective coating for connecting devices including the active portion (electrical contact) may suffer severe damage over time .. Such a protective coating must indeed have properties and robustness conducting most of the contradictory time. The first step of this work was to implement an exfoliation proceeds in the liquid phase to produce suspensions of graphene and graphene-like materials.Different types of structural and electrical properties at the microscopic scale have determined favorable conditions for exfoliation by varying the nature of the solvent and conditions of sonication. He then acted deposits evaluate different methods to obtain a protective coating from individual sheets. The methods of dip coating, drop casting, spray and filtration have been characterized and have shown their advantages and disadvantages. The filtration method gives the most covering films, but the problem of the transfer to the surface to be protected: it showed residual contamination difficult to remove. The first results with an industrial spray without nozzle method showed a large reduction in friction but also the complexity of the mechanisms governing the quality of deposits. Limitations of different deposit methods could be exceeded by the use of graphene-polymer composite films
La, Spina Léa. "Ondes élastiques guidées hautes fréquences dans des films minces de niobate de lithium sur saphir". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c6ae7a0b-2092-4108-95d2-d34cd889ce9d.
Testo completoThis thesis is part of the ANR MAXSAW project, which aims to develop new components operating in the RF domain, adapted to the new 5G frequencies. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters are widely used to distinguish the different frequencies of RF signals. Unfortunately, the frequency of conventional SAW filters is limited to 3.7 GHz. Epitaxial thin films of LiNbO3 on sapphire host guided acoustic waves that meet the demand for higher frequencies and efficiency. We first produced LiNbO3 thin films on sapphire substrates. Thin films of good crystalline quality were obtained. We also studied their acoustic properties using simulations, and confirmed the frequencies achievable with these structures. The, we simulated, designed and characterized SAW resonators based on LiNbO3 thin films deposited on sapphire, and compared them with the state of the art. Promising acoustic devices were obtained. Finally, an application to the MAXSAW project is presented
Assouar, Mohamed Badreddine. "Etude de dispositifs à ondes acoustiques de surface (SAW) à structure multicouche nitrure d'aluminium diamant : croissance de matériaux en couches minces et technologie de réalisation". Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10202.
Testo completoThe aims of this work were to study the layered structure SAW devices AlN/diamond and the deposition of AlN and diamond films. Also, this work consist to develop a technologic process necessaries to realise SAW devices. Concerning the technologic process, we have developed a necessaries tools to accomplish a SAW devices by optimisation the experimental parameters relatives of these process. Concerning the growth of diamond films by MPACVD method, we have studied and optimised this deposition in order to obtain diamond films with required properties to utilise it in layered structure SAW devices. Concerning AlN thin films realised by reactive magnetron sputtering, we have studied and optimised the deposition to obtain a piezoelectric films oriented c-axis perpendicular to the surface. We have realised a layered structures SAW devices based on AlN/Si, AlN/saphir and AlN/diamond, and we have show the influence of substrate of layered structure on propagation velocity of SAW
Liang, Meng. "Spatial organization of electric charges and discharge kinetics of nanofibers elaborated by electrospinning : application to the elaboration of 3D structured nanofibrous materials". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE002.
Testo completoElectrospinning is a process allowing the production of nanofibrous materials under the action of an intense electrostatic field. During the process, a polymer solution in a semi-diluted entangled regime is fed to a metal needle submitted to a high electrical potential. When the electric field between the needle and a metal counter electrode connected to the electrical ground, called a collector, is strong enough (i.e. about 1 kV/cm), a jet of the solution is violently ejected towards the collector. During the flight between the needle and the collector, the jet is subjected to electro-hydro-dynamic instabilities resulting in whipping movements that promote solvent evaporation and diameter reduction. After a flight time of a few ms, a solid polymer nanofiber in the form of a non-woven membrane is deposited on the collector. When the electrically charged nanofibre is brought into contact with the collector, it gradually discharges. The kinetics of electrical discharge but also the way in which the charges are distributed on the surface of the material during the process determine the organization and the final 3D structuring of the membrane.The work of this thesis consisted in measuring the electrical charges carried by the nanofibre during its deposition but also in studying how these charges dissipate in the membrane and over time once the nanofibre has been deposited. This study was then applied to develop nanofiber membranes with a controlled 3D structure
Biaye, Moussa. "Caractérisation de propriétés électroniques et électromécaniques de nanocristaux colloïdaux par microscopie à force atomique en ultravide". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10231/document.
Testo completoUnderstanding the electronic, electrical and mechanical properties of nanostructures is a key issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Scanning probe microscopy is an essential tool to probe and understand these properties at the nanoscale. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the electromechanical and electrostatic properties of individual or assembled colloidal nanocrystals using atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum environment.The first part of the manuscript deals with the transport properties of assemblies of gold and indium tin oxide nanoparticles, forming the active areas of resistive strain gauges. Current-bias spectroscopies are measured as a function of the force applied on the cantilever and as a function of temperature. Tunneling transport is evidenced and measured from the linear regime to the Fowler Nordheim regime. The mechanical characteristic (effective Young modulus) of ligands is extracted.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the characterization of the electrostatic properties of individual indium arsenide (InAs) colloidal doped nanocrystals with sizes in the 2-8 nm range, using non-contact atomic force microscopy coupled to Kelvin probe force microscopy. This aim was to understand the charge transfer mechanisms between doped or undoped nanocrystals and their environment, in a physical regime of strong quantum and Coulomb confinement. Experimental results enable to measure a doping level of and a defect density of about . Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements were in addition performed on colloidal perovskite (CsPbBr3) semiconductor nanocrystals in order to explore the photo-generation mechanisms of carriers
Payot, Frédéric. "Etude du comportement en adsorption d'un mélange de composés organiques volatils sur charbon actif en présence ou non de vapeur d'eau". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10118.
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