Tesi sul tema "Propriétés antibactériennes et antiadhésives"
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Wei, Tianyue. "Modification of terpenoid molecules to enhance antibacterial properties of polymer surfaces". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF065.
Testo completoEssential oils are potential biosourced candidates to be grafted on polymer surfaces to fight against bacterial infections by either restricting the growth of bacteria (bacteriostatic effect) or killing bacterial cells (bactericidal effect). This thesis deals with the modification of terpenoid molecules intended to be grafted on polymer-activated surfaces. We eager to graft modified EO molecules onto polymer surface through strong covalent bonding, facilitated by plasma treatment technology. Citronellol (CT) and geraniol (GR) were chosen for their antimicrobial activity and were successfully modified to obtain better reactive function towards polymer grafting. They were transformed into CT-oxide and GR-oxide through an accessible and green chemo enzymatic oxidation method. Microbiological tests were undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effects of CT and GR before and after modification. Three bacterial species have been used: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The results showed that antibacterial effects remained after epoxidation, tested molecules exhibited antibacterial activities by targeting bacterial cell envelopes, disrupting membrane integrity, and altering hydrophobicity. These actions led to the inhibition of bacterial growth or death of the bacteria, as evidenced by Zeta Potential measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy imaging, and surface energy assessments. Our study conclusively confirmed the antibacterial effectiveness of CT-ox and GR-ox against three bacterial strains. Furthermore, those modified terpenoid molecules have potential to graft on the polymer surface and provide polymer antimicrobial property
Mourer, Maxime. "Calixarènes hydrosolubles à propriétés antivirales et antibactériennes". Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10168.
Testo completoThe present work is integrated in a research dedicated to the role that calixarene macrocycles can play in the medicinal field particulary infectiology, throught their spatial organizing properties for various ionic groups. We have notably targetted the very sensitive virology and bacteriology domains, for which the research and the discovery of new therapeutical approaches and of new lead compounds become crucial. Once designed, according to the inhibition of virus/cell adhesion process or the denaturation of bacterial membrane, we estimate the impact of our compounds, all hydrosoluble, on the main bacterial strains involved in infections, notably the nosocomial ones, and enveloped viruses such as Herpes and virus associated to AIDS, HIV. These water soluble compounds bearing or not heterocyclic groups being always rare, led us to establish a state-of-the-art on the hydrosolubilisation of calixarenes, introduction of nitrogenous heterocycles, as well as their therapeutical implications. In a second part, we present and discuss the synthetic strategies and results obtained with three new anionic or cationic calixarene families. The third part presents the antiviral and antibacterial properties of the above-mentioned compounds. We present the antiviral activities on HSV obtained with previously developed compounds, then their anti-HIV activities and those of compounds prepared during the present work. Finally, we present and discuss the results concerning their antibacterial activities obtained on various Gram+ and Gram- bacterial strains
Anquetin, Guillaume. "Synthèse et évaluation des propriétés antiparasitaires et antibactériennes de nouvelles fluoroquinolones". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4044.
Testo completoKouassi, Marie-Carole. "Polysaccharides fonctionnalisés par des composés d'origine naturelle aux propriétés antioxydantes et antibactériennes". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR078/document.
Testo completoThe works described in this manuscript concern the development of natural and water soluble preservatives based on polysaccharides grafted with molecules of plant origin (from phenolic structure). The aim consists in developing new systems with antioxidant and/or antibacterial properties together with rheological ones for cosmetic and/or food application fields. For this purpose, aminoguaiacol (derived from guaiacol) was chemically grafted onto a polysaccharide (carboxymethylpullulan) in various proportions (between 5 and 58 %). The physicochemical studies in dilute and semi-dilute saline media put forward an associative character (of polysoap type) of the most grafted derivatives, with predominant hydrophobic intramolecular interactions which are limiting for rheology. All synthesized products have demonstrated antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The associative character (i.e., the presence of hydrophobic microdomains) was found to be favorable to the antioxidant activity, with the best activity for the most grafted aminoguaiacol derivative (58%). On the contrary, the associative behavior limited the antibacterial activity, in this case, the least grafted derivative (5%) demonstrated the best antibacterial activity, due to best availability of the grafted moieties. In order to improve the biological and/or rheological properties, this grafting approach of aminoguaiacol has been extended to another anionic polysaccharide (alginate), more rigid than carboxymethylpullulan with promising results notably as concerns rheology
Vermet, Guillaume. "Apport de nouvelles propriétés antibactériennes et analgésiques sur un implant de réfection pariétale". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10067/document.
Testo completoFor a long time underestimated, complications (pain, infection) in visceral surgery with implants, are critical in their impact on the return to normal activity of the patient. Current techniques (scar infiltration, ...) fail to ensure a short analgesia with sometimes side effects. The proposed solution is to confer bioactivity to the prosthesis. To this end, two textiles, a biostable (PET) and an absorbable (PLA), were modified by coating fibers with a cyclodextrin polymer (polyCD). Cyclodextrins are cage molecules known for their ability to form reversible inclusion complexes with bioactive molecules. The study initially focused on the functionalization of materials by varying the parameters to control the degree of polyCD, then characterized by various techniques. Cytocompatibility study was performed to detect the polyCDs impact on the vitality of cells. Concerning the biological activation of the materials, a series of tests was performed with ciprofloxacin. After measuring their loading capacity, release studies were conducted in vitro, followed by microbiological tests on E. coli and S. aureus. The latter showed the contribution of polyCD on the duration of the antibacterial activity. Then two local anesthetics (lidocaine and ropivacaine) were studied. First, their inclusion in the cyclodextrin was observed in solution by NMR and capillary electrophoresis. Their sorption isotherms were conducted to evaluate their respective loading rate, which corresponded to therapeutic doses commonly used in usual therapeutics
Marcoux, Eve. "Propriétés antibactériennes envers Enterococcus faecalis et innocuité de quatre composés naturels et de la nisine". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35461.
Testo completoTo date, no endodontic irrigating solution possessing all ideal characteristics has been developed. Thus, despite different existing decontamination strategies, some bacterial cells organized as biofilm can survive and contribute to the persistence of the infection. In addition, some currently available solutions demonstrate a considerable cytotoxic potential if forced into periapical tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate new molecules, including nisin, cinnamon oil and polyphenols derived from licorice (licochalcone A, licoricidin and glabridin) for their antimicrobial properties against Enterococcus faecalis and their biocompatibility with human cells. Microplate dilution assays were performed to determine the antibacterial properties of the compounds and their effects on biofilm formation. The synergistic interaction between the compounds was evaluated using the checkerboard technique. The biofilm viabilitywas measured by a bioluminescence assay while biocompatibility and cell proliferation were determined with a colorimetric test measuring cellular respiration. Cinnamon oil has been shown to be the most effective antimicrobial agent against E.faecalis. All compounds tested in the study caused a decrease of biofilm formation proportionalto the reduction in bacterial growth. Synergistic antibacterial effects between nisin and other products have also been observed against E. faecalis. Tested products demonstrated weak or no cytotoxicity towards three oral cell lines. This study provides evidence that nisin, cinnamon oil and licorice-derived polyphenols, more specifically when used in association, may represent promising molecules for root canal disinfection.
Sadek, Ali. "Propriétés probiotiques de levures non-Saccharomyces à activités antibactériennes et étude du mycobiote de vaches laitières". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR085.
Testo completoThe first objective of this thesis was to study the fungal component of ruminant microbiota, particularly in dairy cows. To this end, we targeted the intestinal mycobiota of dairy cows differently fed and considering also the impact of the seasonality. Therefore, the analysis of beta-diversity showed a different mycobiota, depending on the type of feed received. The cows were fed with a summer pasture diet and a winter diet constituted of hay, corn and grass silage and production concentrate. The alpha diversity indices (Simpson inverse, Chao1, Simpson uniformity) unveiled a greater richness, diversity and uniformity of mycobiota with summer feeding, and a noticeable decrease in these parameters with winter feeding. In our analysis, we found that Geotrichum genus was present in all ruminants in this study in winter, leading to the highest relative abundance 65%. A second study revealed a mycobiota composed of an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) belonging to the Dipodascaceae family and present in all compartments of the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, colon, rectum). The OTU could not be further identified, but it should be noted that the Geotrichum genus belongs to the Dipodascaceae family. Analysis of the beta-diversity of these same samples was carried out after DNA extraction using 3 different kits, and analysis of the mycobiotic profiles revealed differences between the profile obtained using DNA extracted with a commercial kit recommended for microbiota analysis (ZM), and the profiles obtained with the other two kits (MN and ZQ). The second objective was to screen and characterize a collection of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for their probiotic trends and design a potential application in the animal production, particularly in ruminants. Following a screening of a collection of 431 non-Saccharomyces yeasts for their inhibitory activity against Gram-positive target bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, 71 strains showed inhibitory activity against at least one of the target bacteria. Nonetheless, we considered 6 non-Saccharomyces yeasts (ICVY060, LAN55, ICVY061, ICVY062, ICVY063 and ICVY064) due to their spectrum of activity in vitro against ruminant pathogens, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and prevailing temperatures of 30°C and 39°C. Two strains, ICVY060 and LAN55, showed the broadest spectrum of activity by inhibiting all targeted bacteria. Of note, these strains were characterized for their resistance to conditions mimicking those prevailing in the animal abomasum and intestine compartments, with better survival rate in the in vitro abomasum conditions. Finally, all these strains resulted to be safe as non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic activity was registered and were also sensitive to the main antifungal agents of clinical use. Further analyses, such as their surface properties or their impact on membrane integrity by studying the expression of genes encoding cell junction proteins were established
Jean, Baptiste Elixène. "Amélioration des propriétés antibactériennes et anticoagulantes des prothèses vasculaires en polyester par immobilisation et libération contrôlée de principes actifs". Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S043/document.
Testo completoSynthetic vascular prosthesis likewise vascular endoprosthesis are prone to several complications after implantation into the human body. Infections, thromboses and late occlusions are the most challenging and the most common, leading to serious clinical consequences that are sometimes lethal. Management of those complications is still fraught with tremendous difficulties justifying the economic burden and the continuous efforts in research development for improving vascular prosthetic materials. This research investment is, however, yet to yield any great clinical advance. Previous studies conducted in our research laboratory have led to the development of polyester vascular prostheses coated with a polymer of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. This was achieved in order to increase the loading and eluting capacities of these vascular prostheses towards several antibiotics. In the current works, we sought to determine the optimal conditions for effective controlled release of three antibiotics from those prosthetic platforms. We have also evaluated their efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models of vascular infections. This was carried-out against nine different bacteria strains that are among the most common in human vascular infections. Moreover, we have assessed in vivo their safety, their healing properties, their systemic toxicity and their biocompatibility in the prospect of clinical application.The above-mentioned drug delivery system has been proved to be effective in releasing in situ the selected antibacterial agents over a seven-day desorption period in human plasma. Optimal batch concentration and time for prosthetic immersion into the antibiotic solutions were well compatible with current surgical practice standards. A bactericidal activity evidenced by significant reduction of bacterial adhesion, growth and proliferation was revealed when compared to appropriate controls in the various tested vascular infection models. We have also studied antibacterial molecules alone or in combination. In this latter setting, no antagonistic effects were depicted. This provides a unique opportunity to customize local antibiotic treatment delivered in situ from vascular device fabrics and to adapt it to the evolving ecology of both monomicrobial and polymicrobial vascular prosthetic infection. The polyester vascular prostheses coated with a polymer of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were proved in vivo safe and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, healing properties and tissue integration without any signs of systemic toxicity. [...]
Outman, Ahlam. "Production de peptides anticancéreux à partir des hydrolysats d'hémoglobine humaine et bovine, avec des propriétés additionnelles antibactériennes et antioxydantes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR082.
Testo completoHemoglobin, the predominant protein in cruor responsible for the red colour of mammalian blood, is known to be a rich source of bioactive peptides after hydrolysis by porcine pepsin. These peptides are mainly known for their antimicrobial properties. However, these peptides stand out for their ability to specifically target cancer cells while preserving rapidly proliferating healthy cells. The aim of this thesis is to develop a strategy for adding value to human and bovine haemoglobin by producing bioactive peptides and then exploring their potential in the fight against cancer, while assessing their anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties.In this work, the potential of human hemoglobin to contain bioactive peptides was first studied in silico in comparison with bovine hemoglobin using bioinformatics tools. Blast results showed high identity, 88% and 85% respectively, indicating high similarity between α and β chains. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (23°C, E/S = 1/11, pH 3.5) were validated on human hemoglobin and enabled efficient production of the α137-141 peptide. Indeed, more than 60% of the total α137-141 peptide production was obtained in just 30 minutes of hydrolysis, reaching a production peak at 3 h. Furthermore, the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis of these two types of haemoglobin follows a similar pattern, according to a zipper mechanism. Enzymatic hydrolysis was also performed at high haemoglobin concentrations (1, 2, 8 and 10%, w/v), enabling large-scale production of α137-141.Next, the results showed strong antimicrobial activity of the peptide hydrolysates against six bacterial strains, independent of the initial substrate concentration level. The hydrolysates also showed strong antioxidant activity, measured by four different tests. In addition, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the human and bovine haemoglobin hydrolysates showed little or no significant difference, with only the concentration level being the determining factor in their activity.The anticancer potential of bioactive peptides derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of haemoglobin was studied. The results obtained using two distinct approaches highlighted their promising potential as anti-cancer agents. The investigation of key parameters such as the initial concentration of haemoglobin, the degree of hydrolysis and the structural characteristics of the antimicrobial peptides highlighted the influence of these factors on the antimitotic activity of the peptides. The α137-141 peptide stood out for its strong inhibition of rootlet growth, with exceptionally low IC50 values, 10 to 15 times higher than other fractions, attributed to its strong antimicrobial potential. In vitro analyses reinforced the hypothesis that inhibition of protein synthesis plays an essential role in the anti-cancer mechanism of these peptides.Finally, the results of the mass spectrometry study showed the presence of a number of bioactive peptides, the majority of which have characteristics similar to those reported in the literature. New bioactive peptides were also identified in human hemoglobin, such as the antibacterial peptides PTTKTYFPHF (α37-46), FPTTKTYFPH (α36-45), TSKYR (α137-141) and STVLTSKYR (α133-141), as well as the antioxidant TSKYR. (α137-141) including three other opioid peptides, an ACE inhibitor, an anticancer agent. This thesis offers a new innovative approach, combining antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties, paving the way for more effective and less harmful treatments for patients
Nyegue, Maximilienne Ascension. "Propriétés chimiques et biologiques des huiles essentielles de quelques plantes aromatiques et/ou médicinales du Cameroun : évaluation de leurs activités antiradiculaires, anti-inflammatoires et antimicrobiennes". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20010.
Testo completoPillon, Marine. "Ligands des ions fer(III) de structure pipérazinique : synthèse, étude physico-chimique et évaluation de leurs propriétés antibactériennes". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIED005.
Testo completoAntibiotic resistance is becoming a major health problem. The research for new strategies is important to counter the bacterial resistance. Fe(III) is an essential nutrient for bacteria as involved in many metabolic reactions. Biological environments are depleted in iron, bacteria have therefore developed methods to acquire the Fe(III). One of these strategies is to synthesize low molecular weight molecules called Siderophores having a high affinity for Fe(III) and recognized by specific receptors on the membranes of bacteria. In literature, several strategies have been developped using Siderophores way to fight against bacterial resistance including the method of the “Trojan horse” with the formation of iron chelator-antibiotic conjugates or the use of iron chelator-Ga(III) complex. The objective of this thesis is to synthesize the original ligands, rhodotorulic analogues (siderophore of piperazine structure), to study their complexing power towards the Fe(III) and to evaluate their antibacterial activity. In the first place, we have synthesized piperazine-1,4-di-substituted with iron chelator groups to study their physicochemical properties and their antibacterial activities. Then, we have developped the synthesis of key intermediates of 2,5-di-oxopiperazines and 2-oxopiperazines. Thereafter, these analogues may be coupled to antibiotics or complexed to Gallium to counter the bacterial resistance phenomena
Ebran, Nathalie. "Propriétés antibactériennes et « formeur de pores » de protéines du mucus épidermique. Implication dans les mécanismes de défense des poissons". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES077.
Testo completoMungkalasiri, Jitti. "Elaboration par DLI-MOCVD de dépôts nanocomposites TiO2-M (M = Ag, Cu) et propriétés antibactériennes de ces surfaces solides". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT006G/document.
Testo completoThe presence of bacteria and biofilms is permanent concern in many fields. Their presences are at the origin of many events which have high costs for the health system. In this objective, this work aimed to elaborate transparent nanocomposite thin films which are composed of nanometric metallic particles of antibacterial element (Ag or Cu) embedded in an oxide matrix (TiO2). The DLI-MOCVD process (Direct Liquid Injection-Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition) was used to elaborate these thin films. This process allows the quantity of precursors injected into the CVD reactor to be controlled and porous body to be coated. The growth mechanisms and the structure of the Titanium dioxide (TiO2) are influenced by the presence of the organic precursor which contains the antibacterial element. The mole fraction of precursor (Ag or Cu) modifies the physico-chemical and structural properties of films. The antibacterial activity was tested according to the standard JIS Z 2801: 2000 with S. aureus and E. coli without light Specific tests were optimised in order to evaluate their activity in environments more representative. The composition of coatings impacts strongly the antibacterial activities from inactive to bactericidal properties. Correlations between the microstructure and composition of films and their antibacterial properties are discussed
Nazi, Nadia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de revêtements à base de polydopamine (PDA) renfermant des fonction N-halamine conférant des propriétés antibactériennes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS398.
Testo completoThe fight against the adhesion and proliferation of bacteria on surfaces is a constant concern and a major medical and socio-economic issue for our society. This biocontamination is responsible for many infections, also leading to a deterioration of the structural and functional properties of materials. This thesis project aims to develop a new antibacterial coating in the fight against bacterial colonization. Two systems have been studied for this, a system composed of a PDA coating and a second system which has a Polydopamine-Polyethylenimine (PDA-PEI) composite, both containing haloamine functions, amine-chlorine (N-Cl) bonds playing the role of antibacterial agents thanks to the degree of oxidation + I of the halogen giving them a strong oxidizing power. We show that these systems can be used to develop antibacterial coatings against Escherichia coli and against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Indeed, after exposure to N-chloramine coatings, all these bacterial strains show a significant reduction in adhesion and viability but also exhibit a bacteriostatic effect, namely a reduction in bacterial growth. The present work also highlights an antibacterial activity of non-chlorinated coatings due to PDA. Thus, in view of the results of this study, the PDA-PEI-C1 coating appears to exhibit the best antibacterial response due to a higher density as a function of chloramine
Psychogios, Nicolas. "Synthèse de calixarènes hydrosolubles porteurs d'unités chélatantes. Evaluation des propriétés de complexation d'ions métalliques; étude toxicologique et évaluation des activités antivirales et antibactériennes". Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN12506.
Testo completoPesci-Bardon, Catherine. "Etude in vitro des propriétés antibactériennes et antifongiques d'une résine acrylique modifiée destinée à la réalisation des bases de prothèses amovibles". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICEO001.
Testo completoDessauw, Etienne. "Etude et développement de structures fibreuses non-tissées résistantes à la pénétration bactérienne". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0014/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of this work is to develop new antibacterial non-woven porous structures. Different strategies were developed: one was to develop porous structures by electrospinning using a biosourced and biocompatible polymer, the other was to modify a fibrous support from a commercial respiratory protection mask. Assembling materials using ionic interactions by alternatively superposing cationic polymer layers and anionic polymers on the surface of the polypropylene (PP) median filter allowed to develop new structures with good antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The anionic polymer, derived from the cyclodextrin polymer, has the advantage of being able to encapsulate a bio-based antimicrobial agent, carvacrol. Another approach was to modify PP filters with tannic acid, a naturally occurring polyphenol. In this study, two strategies were implemented to functionalize PP with tannic acid (TA). The first is the reactive extrusion of PP with TA in the presence (or not) of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to directly graft tannic acid onto PP. The second strategy consists in polymerizing the TA through a porous layer of PP extracted from a commercial mask, in order to allow the physical immobilization of the TA on the surface of the PP fibrous mat. Surface grafting using a "grafting from" process was also studied. These materials have shown good anti-free radical properties
Saïhi, Douha. "Modification de surface des fibres textiles par greffage chimique : Synthèse et caractérisation". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-297.pdf.
Testo completoAljawish, Abdulhadi. "Fonctionnalisation enzymatique de chitosane par des composés phénoliques : évaluation des propriétés biologiques et physico-chimiques de ces nouveaux biopolymères". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0089/document.
Testo completoOxidation of ferulic acid and its ester (ethyl ferulate) by Myceliophtora thermophila laccase has been studied in aqueous medium under mild experimental conditions (30°C and pH 7.5) as a green process to synthesize natural neo-molecules. Enzymatic oxidation led to colored and colorless intermediaries for ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate, respectively. Additionally, ethyl ferulate was oxidized faster than ferulic acid. This procedure has led to dimeric major products with MM = 443 g/mol and MM = 386 g/mol for ethyl ferulate and ferulic acid, respectively. New synthesized molecules demonstrated important antioxidants properties with weak antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. With insoluble chitosan particles in the reaction medium, laccase was protected from inhibition due to oxidation products and the polymerization degree of these products was checked. In addition, the oxidation products reacted with the free NH2 groups forming covalent bonds of Schiff base type (C=N) at C-2 region. The majority of the oxidation products grafted onto chitosan was of dimeric form. This procedure led to colored and colorless chitosans by ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate, respectively, with new properties due to grafting of phenolic compounds. These chitosan derivatives presented interesting functional properties such as antioxidant, physico-chemical (thermal stability) and biological (cell adhesion) as well as the preservation of antibacterial properties of native chitosan
Chambard, Marine. "Revêtements nanostructurés d'hydroxyapatite multisubstituée élaborés par projection de suspension par plasma inductif : de la chimie du précurseur aux propriétés mécaniques et biologiques". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0110.
Testo completoDue to the aging of the population and its constant increase, bone diseases and traumas requiring repair or replacement are constantly growing (4%/year). Hydroxyapatite coating gives the prosthesis primary stability and osseointegration properties. However, premature revision of the prosthesis is necessary in about 10% of cases. Bacterial infections lead to re-operations for 1 to 2 % of newly implanted prostheses. These revisions are expensive for the health system but also for the patient. Current needs in orthopedics therefore require a mechanically stable coating in the long term and having an antibacterial character. Recently developed nanostructured coatings are of great interest to health professionals since they show increased bioactivity. However, such an order of magnitude is unattainable by spraying techniques currently used by manufacturers. Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) is a synthetic technique for accessing sub-micron or even nanometer-sized coatings. The objectives of this thesis work were to develop a submicrometric structured coating by rf-SPS in order to improve the bioactivity, and to evaluate the impact of the incorporation of antibacterial dopants on the physicochemical characteristics and the mechanical and biological properties, with a view to a potential clinical application of these coatings. In order to facilitate the implementation and improve the repeatability of the process, the impact of the suspension preparation on the physicochemical characteristics of the coatings has been investigated. The spraying conditions have been optimized to achieve minimum features that meet the standards and conventional requirements of manufacturers, such as crystalline composition (HA > 50 wt%), crystallinity (> 45 %) and microstructure (porosity < 10 v%). Then, the effects of incorporation of elements with bactericidal (Ag) and bone growth stimulating (Sr) properties were investigated and compared with a conventional plasma sprayed reference coating according to a procedure used for the development of marketed coatings. The doping elements (Ag and Sr) have been integrated into the coating in various ways, since the use of a suspension increases the doping possibilities via the liquid dispersion medium which is not used in conventional plasma spray of powder. In one case, the powder has been doped, in a second case the dispersing medium has been doped, either by dissolution of nitrates and or by addition of metallic nanoparticles. Experiments and analyzes have revealed rf-SPS coatings with interesting mechanical and biological properties compared to standard APS coatings: a similar affinity for proteins (Bovine Serum Albumin) and mesenchymal cells, and a 4 to 12-fold higher adhesion energy. It has been shown that independently of the method of incorporation, silver reacts to form nanoparticles in the coating, whose only variable parameter is the diameter, averaged between a few nanometers and one micron. The elaborated coatings contain up to 0,35 wt% silver, without evidence of cytotoxicity. Their antibacterial potential was evaluated by studying the proliferation of staphylococci (S. aureus and S. Epidermidis) and streptococci (E. coli), and it appears that the size of these silver nanoparticles has a more significant effect on the bactericidal properties of the coating than their concentration. Regarding strontium, it incorporates relatively uniformly for concentrations between 3 and 5% m whatever the doping process and does not show any effect on the biological or mechanical properties of the deposit. These thesis works are part of the REVAMITIC project supported by the Region Occitanie, and the ARCHICAP project funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) and carried out in collaboration with the Laboratory of Production Engineering (LGP) of Tarbes, the laboratory Tissue Bioengineering (BioTis -Inserm U1026) from Bordeaux and the company Projection Plasma System (2PS) based in Montbazens
Guevrekian, Soghomoniantz Marina. "Synthèse de nouvelles hydrazones dérivées d'hydrazines disubstituées en position 1 : étude de leurs propriétés antibactériennes, de leur cytotoxicité sur deux espèces d'algues et de leur toxicité sur les alevins de truites". Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F059.
Testo completoElie, Claude-Rosny. "Propriétés anionophores et antibactériennes de sels d’imidazolium et benzimidazolium". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18433.
Testo completoThe emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a serious problem that our health system faces. One recently proposed strategy to effectively and irreversibly kill these multi-resistant microorganisms is to directly target the integrity of their membrane, using small molecules able to induce an electrolyte imbalance. Moreover, the same molecules may find applications in the treatement od diseases originating from the dysfunction of ion transport, such as cystic fibrosis. Herein we present different imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts N,N-disubstituted with both antimicrobial and ionophoric potential. We first performed mechanistic studies where different structural changes have been made to the imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts to observe how these modifications modulate the efficiency of the anion transport in artificial membrane liposomes. We were able to conclude that the species formed of two aromatic arms phenylethynylbenzyl arranged symmetrically on either side of an imidazolium cation, induced a better transport of chloride anions, through a membrane of liposomes at the micromolar range. In addition, monocations imidazolium and benzimidazolium flanked with an bis(trifluorométhylsulfonyl)amide anion led to faster ionophore activity. Moreover, based on these results we presented the first example, to our knowledge, for an anions and cations benzimidazolium-based transporter, acting as well in liposomes as in bacteria. Secondly, the best anionophore agents were analyzed in more complex bacterias and human red blood cells membranes to study their bactericidal potential and innocuity. Among all the benzimidazolium salts studied, we identified one compound, which presents interesting antibacterial properties as a result of its ability to induce an electrolytic imbalance and to disrupt the integrity and the potential of the bacterial membranes. At the same time this antibacterial agent presented a low toxicity to human cells in bacteriostatic range concentrations.