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Tesi sul tema "Prompt engineering"

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1

Zhou, Wenda. "Strategies To Prompt Cellular Response To Its Environment In Tissue Engineering". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1438250827.

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2

Suttayamully, Somprasong. "INtelligent TRaffic Evaluator for Prompt Incident Diagnosis in a Multi Media environment : INTREPID MM /". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487864986610039.

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3

Thornton, Katherine C. (Katherine Claire). "Minimum carbon tax level needed to prompt a widespread shift to nuclear power". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41687.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-50).
Carbon dioxide is suspected to be a major contributor to global warming. In the United States, nearly 70% of electricity is produced using coal or natural gas, both of which emit carbon dioxide into the environment. Nuclear power, which does not emit any carbon dioxide, produces 17% of the electricity consumed in the United States. In order to persuade utilities to switch from coal or natural gas to nuclear power and thus reduce carbon dioxide emissions, a carbon tax should be implemented. Depending on the cost of construction for new nuclear plants and the level of savings that will incentivize utilities to switch, the carbon tax needed to promote nuclear power will range between $20/tC and $200/tC. The full range of carbon tax scenarios are developed in this thesis, with the most likely carbon tax being $1 10/tC. This cost assumes a $1800/kw capital construction cost and a 10% risk perception premium on the bus bar cost of power to address the financial and industry community's somewhat negative perception of nuclear investments. From a policy perspective, this carbon tax will be more effective in causing utilities to move to nuclear power than a cap and trade policy. From a utility standpoint, switching to nuclear power under a carbon tax is less expensive than implementing a program of carbon capture and sequestration.
by Katherine C. Thornton.
S.B.
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4

Styczynski, John R. "Assessment of the use of prompt gamma emission for proton therapy range verification". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54468.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).
PURPOSE: Prompt gamma rays emitted from proton-nucleus interactions in tissue present a promising non-invasive, in situ means of monitoring proton beam based radiotherapy. This study investigates the fluence and energy distribution of prompt gamma rays emitted during proton irradiation of phantoms. This information was used to develop a correlation between the measured and calculated gamma emission and the proton beam range, which would allow treatments to more effectively exploit the sharp distal falloff in the dose distributions of protons. METHOD & MATERIALS: A model of a cylindrical Lucite phantom with a monoenergetic proton beam and an annular array of ideal photon tallies arranged orthogonal to the beam was developed using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX 2.6.0. Heterogeneous geometries were studied by inserting metal implants into the Lucite phantom, and simulating a phantom composed of bone and lung equivalent materials and polymethyl methacrylate. RESULTS: Experimental and computational results indicated a correlation between gamma emission and the proton depth-dose profile. Several peaks were evident in the calculated energy spectrum and the 4.44 MeV emission from 12C was the most intense line having any apparent correlation with the depth dose profile. Arbitrary energy binning of 4-5 MeV and 4-8 MeV was performed on the Monte Carlo data; this binned data yielded a distinct emission peak 1cm proximal to the Bragg peak. In all cases in the Lucite phantom the position of the Bragg peak's 80% distal falloff corresponded with the position of the 4-8MeV binned 50% distal falloff. The 4-5MeV binning strategy was successful with the heterogeneous phantom in which the proton beam entered lung and stopped in bone. However, the density disparity between the bone and lung equivalent materials rendered this technique unsuccessful for the heterogeneous phantom in which the beam entered bone and stopped in lung. For this 1.4MeV binning was conducted, assessing the 1.37 MeV characteristic gamma peak of 24Mg, which was only present in the lung slab. CONCLUSIONS: The results are promising and indicate the feasibility of prompt gamma emission detection as a means of characterizing the proton beam range in situ. This study has established the measurement and omputational tools necessary to pursue the development of this technique.
by John R. Styczynski.
S.M.and S.B.
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5

Morrison, Christopher. "Improving Prompt Temperature Feedback by Stimulating Doppler Broadening in Heterogeneous Composite Nuclear Fuel Forms". Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10608366.

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Nuclear fuels with similar aggregate material composition, but with different millimeter and micrometer spatial configurations of the component materials can have very different safety and performance characteristics. This research focuses on modeling and attempting to engineer heterogeneous combinations of nuclear fuels to improve negative prompt temperature feedback in response to reactivity insertion accidents.

Improvements in negative prompt temperature feedback are proposed by developing a tailored thermal resistance in the nuclear fuel. In the event of a large reactivity insertion, the thermal resistance allows for a faster negative Doppler feedback by temporarily trapping heat in material zones with strong absorption resonances.

A multi-physics simulation framework was created that could model large reactivity insertions. The framework was then used to model a comparison of a heterogeneous fuel with a tailored thermal resistance and a homogeneous fuel without the tailored thermal resistance. The results from the analysis confirmed the fundamental premise of prompt temperature feedback and provide insights into the neutron spectrum dynamics throughout the transient process.

A trade study was conducted on infinite lattice fuels to help map a design space to study and improve prompt temperature feedback with many results. A multi-scale fuel pin analysis was also completed to study more realistic geometries.

The results of this research could someday allow for novel nuclear fuels that would behave differently than current fuels. The idea of having a thermal barrier coating in the fuel is contrary to most current thinking. Inherent resistance to reactivity insertion accidents could enable certain reactor types once considered vulnerable to reactivity insertion accidents to be reevaluated in light of improved negative prompt temperature feedback.

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6

Sutherland, Derek A. (Derek Aiden). "A study of prompt fast ion losses from neutral beam injection in the DIII-D tokamak". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76955.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2012.
"June 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 29).
A study of the prompt losses of injected neutral beam born fast ions was conducted on the DIII-D tokamak at General Atomics using scintillator based fast ion loss detectors (FILD) and a reverse orbit calculation code. Prompt losses, also called first orbit losses, result from injected neutrals that are ionized on orbits that terminate to the outer wall before making a complete neoclassical, poloidal revolution. A strike map code has been developed which generates meshes that overlay optical fast ion signals from the FILD scintillator, providing a measurement of the pitch angles and gyroradii of incident fast ions. The pitch angles and gyroradii of incident ions are inputs to a reverse orbit calculation code used to calculate the trajectories of the incident ions in reverse time back to their birth at the intersection of the reverse orbit and an overlaid neutral beam injection footprint. The megahertz (MHz) sampling frequency of the FILD scintillator, along with finer time resolution neutral beam signals, enabled a comparison of the measured time delay between the onset of the neutral beam injection and the measured FILD loss signals with the calculated transit time based on the path length of the simulated reverse orbit. Consistency between the experimentally measured transit times and the simulation orbit times was observed. This result indicates the generated strike maps which provide a measurement of incident ions' gyroradii and pitch angles are accurate. This study supplements current studies seeking to improve the understanding of fast ion transport due to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity, such as reverse shear Alfven eigenmodes (RSAEs) and toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs), which will be of great importance for predominately self-heated reactor scenarios.
by Derek A. Sutherland.
S.B.
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7

Hadad, Kamal 1958. "Measurement of the e-folding time in prompt critical pulsing, for the University of Arizona TRIGA Mark I reactor". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277320.

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An electronic system was designed to receive a signal from a Self Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) and measure the initial period (e-folding time) of the TRIGA reactor at the University of Arizona. The design and fabrication of the SPND used was part of this work. The electronic system together with the SPND were used to construct a reactivity worth calibration curve for the transient rod based on pulse measurements.
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8

Turkoglu, Danyal J. "Evaluation of Prompt Gamma-ray Data and Nuclear Structure of Niobium-94 with Statistical Model Calculations". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417737555.

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9

Alsubail, Rayan A. "Aesthetics vs. Functionality in User Prompt Design: A Mobile Interface Usability Study on the iOS Touch ID Feature". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1447775012.

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10

Strong, Kristin Marie. "Supporting Adolescent Metacognition in Engineering Design Through Scripted Prompts from Peer Tutors: A Comparative Case Study". DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7335.

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In 2013, developers of the Next Generation Science Standards implemented national K -12 directives and elevated engineering design to the level of scientific inquiry. Teaching design, however, is challenging to educators due to the complex nature of design problems, which cannot be solved via simple algorithms. Solving design problems requires a more reflective and iterative approach that emphasizes metacognitive skills like planning, monitoring, and taking another person’s perspective. Educators are further challenged by children’s immature metacognitive skills, which may be insufficient to engage in the entire design process. A qualitative study of paired seventh graders demonstrated a pragmatic learning activity for enhancing adolescent designs during their earliest phases through guided peer interactions with metacognitive prompts. Four distinct interaction styles were observed among the pairs. Each style varied by which verbal and social phenomena were used to make changes. The metacognitive prompts used in the learning activity can be adapted to any design challenge. Furthermore, an additional, exploratory case demonstrated a restructuring of the learning activity in which the metacognitive prompts were generated naturally by the students themselves. The student-generated prompts were design-specific and timely; delivered in the moment when a student was struggling with a design element. The result was a dynamic co-construction and co-ownership of the designs.
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11

McKenzie, Esteban. "Influence of sketch detail in design prompts on design exploration". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75668.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 27).
This study sought to observe how the type of shape they are presented with influenced designers' early creative process. One of three shapes, with varying degrees of detail and concreteness, were shown to respondents at random. The respondents were asked to sketch designs for a lemon squeezer based on the inspirational shape they were shown. The concepts were then grouped by to the inspirational shape they were based on. The designs were rated on the categories of feasibility, similarity to existing products, number of perspectives drawn, the presence of annotations, and the ease of which the concept could be understood. When the results were analyzed, it was found that the number of perspectives drawn and the presence of annotations were the only categories that varied by the inspirational shape group. The more open-ended shape corresponded with respondents drawing more perspectives of their concept on average, and including annotations more often, while the most well defined shape had fewer perspectives drawn, and fewer concepts with annotations. The categories of feasibility, similarity and clarity had no variation between groups of people who received different inspirational shapes. These results suggest that the more open-ended inspirational shape gave respondents mental leeway to be more expansive in their descriptions, and less constrained to basic representations.
by Esteban McKenzie.
S.B.
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12

Wilson, Nicholas. "Cooperation, control and productivity : an analysis of participation and profit-sharing in British engineering". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278820.

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13

Wong, Lilian Sin Ying. "An engineering approach to develop a decision-making system model to optimize pece in the hotel industry". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369451.

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14

Shi, Chuan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Efficient buffer design algorithms for production line profit maximization". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70425.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 447-465).
A production line is a manufacturing system where machines are connected in series and separated by buffers. The inclusion of buffers increases the average production rate of the line by limiting the propagation of disruptions, but at the cost of additional capital investment, floor space of the line, and inventory. Production lines are also a special case of assembly/disassembly systems as well as closed-loop systems. This thesis makes contributions to production system profit maximization. The profit of a production line is the revenue associated with the production rate minus the buffer space cost and average inventory holding cost. We assume that machines have already been chosen and therefore our only decision variables are the buffer sizes and the loop population. The difficulties of the research come from evaluation and optimization. We improve evaluation of loop systems. The optimization problem is hard since both the objective function and the constraints are nonlinear. Our optimization problem, where we consider the nonlinear production rate constraint and average inventory cost, is new. We present an accurate, fast, and reliable algorithm for maximizing profits through buffer space optimization for production lines, and extend the algorithm to closed-loop systems and production lines with an additional maximum part waiting time constraint. A nonlinear programming approach is adopted to solve the optimization problem. Two necessary modifications are proposed to improve the accuracy of the existing loop evaluation method before optimization of loops is studied. An analytical formulation of the part waiting time distribution is developed for two-machine one-buffer lines. It is used in the profit maximization for production lines with both the production rate constraint and the maximum part waiting time constraint. Numerical experiments are provided to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Finally, a segmentation method and an additive property of production line optimization are studied. They enable us to optimize very long lines rapidly and accurately.
by Chuan Shi.
Ph.D.
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15

Xue, Rui. "Improving Cooperation between Systems Engineers and Project Managers in Engineering Projects - Towards the alignment of Systems Engineering and Project Management standards and guides". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0018/document.

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L’ingénierie système et le management de projet sont deux disciplines essentielles dans l'industrie, et représentent deux facteurs essentiels pour la réussite des projets. Cependant, depuis de nombreuses années, s’est établie une barrière culturelle entre les praticiens de l'ingénierie des systèmes et ceux de la gestion de projet. Alors que l'ingénierie des systèmes s’intéresse aux éléments techniques, le management de projet a la responsabilité globale du projet ; de ce fait, certains considèrent que leurs activités sont indépendantes plutôt que de les considérer comme des parties d’un tout. Par conséquent, le travail coûte souvent plus, prend plus de temps, et fournit une solution non optimale pour le client. Alors comment faire pour supprimer les barrières entre les différentes équipes, les pratiques et les connaissances, afin de prendre les décisions dans le projet sur la base des vues intégrées de ces parties prenantes ? La réponse à cette question est essentielle pour assurer le succès du projet et améliorer la performance en entreprise. Cette thèse se place à l'intersection de plusieurs disciplines, notamment l’ingénierie système et le management de projet. Elle promeut le développement collaboratif de systèmes multi-technologies et la prise de décision partagée entre les parties prenantes. Notre premier objectif porte sur l'harmonisation des descriptions des processus du management de projet et d'ingénierie des systèmes sur la base des normes et guides de bonnes pratiques internationaux. Notre proposition est d'élaborer un cadre de processus fondamentaux et alignés pour supporter le management des processus d’ingénierie système qui peut être adapté à des entreprises de profils différents (PME, ETI ou grands groupes). Pour cela, nous comparons les cinq normes et guides d'ingénierie des systèmes (ANSI/EIA 632, ISO/IEC 15288, IEEE 1220, INCOSE Handbook et Sebok) et les trois normes et guides de gestion de projets (PMBoK, ISO 21500, ISO/IEC 29110) afin d'évaluer la cohérence de ces documents de référence en ce qui concerne les processus qu'ils décrivent et qui sont impliqués dans l'ensemble du projet. Au-delà de l'intégration des pratiques par l'utilisation de ce cadre, nous offrons aussi aux ingénieurs systèmes et managers un ensemble d'indicateurs qu'ils peuvent partager afin de faciliter la coopération entre eux et leur permettre une prise de décision collaboration dans le suivi et le pilotage des projets. Les indicateurs sont évalués à la fois par les ingénieurs systèmes et les managers et leur importance est décidée collaborativement à l’aide d’une méthode multicritère d’aide à la décision (AHP). Ensuite, sur la base des valeurs des indicateurs, les méthodes du chemin critique (CPM) et de gestion adaptative de la valeur acquise (EVM) sont utilisées pour évaluer l’avancement du projet et du développement du système. Quatre indices sont ainsi définis pour supporter le processus de prise de décision tout au long du projet afin de permettre la prise de décisions collaborative et de rendre celle-ci plus rationnelle
In a highly competitive economic context, companies need to improve their performance in entire life cycle of a product. It is often found that company organization leads to segregation between systems engineering and project management, with the result that decision-making is sometimes misguided and may compromise project execution, whereas, although they each have specific visions and targets, these disciplines are nonetheless intended to serve a common objective, which is to satisfy the customer. So it is an important issue to facilitate their adoption and their joint deployment within the company, in order to improve decision-making in engineering projects. The proposal of the thesis involves bringing systems engineering and project management closer together in order to help both systems engineers and project managers assess the project progress. Based on this assessment, they can adjust the project policy dynamically through the project life cycle. In this thesis, we first harmonize the standards and guides from systems engineering and project management domains and define an integrated process groups organized into 3 groups of processes. Then we identify a set of key indicators related to these process groups, indicators are then valuated and give the evaluation of the indicator based on the analytic hierarchy process method to integrate the views of systems engineers and project managers in an additional way. On the basis of these indicators, we use the critical path method and earned value management method to assess the project progress values and define two project indexes to assess and insight the project progress easier
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16

Elliott, Paul Leslie. "To improve the future profit expectations of the Nissan stamping plant". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19643.

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The process of thought applied to establish a thesis topic has been one of non-acceptance of the situations on face value. As such the future profitability of the Nissan Stamping Plant has been considered. A mental model has been established in the authors mind that a definite problem exists within this area. This has led to the formulation of a framework that can be used to handle the problem of low profits that will eventually lead to the closure of the operation. Status-Quo has remained within the operations for almost 25 years, but now changes in Government Legislation pose threats. This leads to the question of how can the profits be improved. The framework was built around a philosophy of continual search for the truth. The scientific method has been applied to understand the theories of a single or double loop response whilst proceeding through the Plan, Do, Check, and Action cycle.
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17

Chang, Brian S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Profitability improvement through profit mapping". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90768.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-57).
Faced with a dynamically changing market, Boston Scientific's Cardiac Rhythm Management is seeking ways to increase its profitability. The division is experiencing a phenomenon where pulse generators and leads' product life cycle transitions may be slower than ideal. In addition, Boston Scientific is exploring ways to systematically and accurately assess its products' return on investments. The approach to the project is a technique called Profit Mapping. By carefully assessing the true full costs of each transaction, we can determine the actual profitability of each account and product and use the visualized results to detect anomalies, test hypotheses, and formulate action plans. The profit mapping tool allows us to compare profitability within each dimension of the business-individual product, account, sales person, territory, contract group, therapy system, or any combination of multiple dimensions. When we group data by accounts, we discover accounts that generate much higher profit than accounts that have higher revenue. Profit Map also shows some products or therapies traditionally believed to be unprofitable are actually high profit earners. Furthermore, time analysis of account profit maps revealed accounts whose revenue has been on the decline but profit on the rise thanks to transition in product mix. The delivery of the framework and its methodology concludes my internship but is only the beginning of Boston Scientific's journey to increase profitability. The Finance Department can now combine Profit Mapping data with the Sales Operations Department's experience and instincts to identify best practices that contribute towards higher revenue dollar efficiency, re-align sales incentives with company's profitability, and re-evaluate the opportunity cost of maintaining a marginal or net-loss account/product. In the long run, Profit Mapping can be scaled up to analyze world-wide data from all divisions to provide a clearer path to profitability.
by Brian Chang.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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18

Heberley, Christine L. (Christine Laura), e Matthew F. Hoover. "Managing growth of a non-profit healthcare supply chain in Haiti". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60835.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69).
Partners in Health's (PIH) supply chain in Haiti has become strained over the past five years due to the organization's rapid growth. Under the current system, the majority of PIH's products are obtained through an annually placed order. All goods from this order are stored at the central warehouse in Cange, which acts as a hub, until those goods are needed at individual clinics. As annual orders increase in size to support PIH's expanding operations, the limited size of the central warehouse has become a constraint, making a change in current inventory policies necessary. In order to formulate revised inventory policies for PIH's Haiti operations, we developed a spreadsheet model that uses historical consumption data of drugs and medical supplies to forecast demand over the next three years. This demand data is then be used as input to run and compare the existing annual order policy with ordering policies with more frequent reviews. These inventory policies are then evaluated against the central warehouse size constraints to recommend an inventory policy better suited to meet PIH's needs. We find that more frequent orders drastically reduces warehouse space requirements while maintaining high service levels. It is hoped that PIH can continue to use this model to determine future inventory policy needs.
by Christine L. Heberley and Matthew F. Hoover.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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19

Yuasa, Mashiho. "Effect of feedback and prompts on initial learning and transfer in learning to write SQL database queries". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29883.

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20

Kaya, Melike. "A Heuristic Approach For Profit Oriented Disassembly Lot-sizing Problem". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613039/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, we work on adisassembly lot-sizing problem for multiple products with parts commonality,i.e., general product structure. We assume that supply of discarded products is infinite. When a product (or a subassembly) is disassembled, all its immediate child items are obtained,i.e., complete disassembly case.Intermediate and leaf items obtained are demandedbyexternal suppliers or remanufacturers. The maximum possible salesfor each intermediate and leaf item are known.Sales of the intermediate and leaf items are the revenue sources. The discarded products are purchased ata unit purchasing cost. The disassembly operation incurs a fixed and a variable disassembly cost. Due to this cost structure, intermediate and leaf items can be stocked incurring an inventory holding cost. We develop an integer programming formulation to determine the time and quantity of the discarded products to be purchased
thetime and quantity of the discarded products and the intermediateitemsto be disassembled
and the time and quantity of intermediate and leaf items to be soldin order tomaximizethe total profit over a finite planning horizon. We state that ourproblem is NP-hard by refering the study of Kim et. al. (2009). We propose a heuristic solution approach that solves the problem in a reasonable computational time and generates near optimal solutions. The solution approach is based on the idea of sequentially solving a relaxed version of the problem and one-period integer programming models.In a computational study, the performance of the heuristic approach is assessed for a number ofrandomly generated problem instances.The results of the computational study show that the solutions of the heuristic approacharevery close to the optimal and the best feasible solutions obtained within the time limit.
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21

Vejzovic, Haris. "Automated Dimensioning of Promas MK. II Hub Cap". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74462.

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Abstract (sommario):
The studyis a part of the development of the new dimensioning standard fora hub cap,Hub Cap MK II.A goal with this study wasto obtain a dimensioningtool which willeliminate current issuesand validate its trustworthiness with FEA simulations.This is executed togetherwith the purpose of giving an increased understanding of the hub cap’s structural behavior in its operating environment.The hub cap’s general structural mechanics is studied with Euler-Bernoulli beam theoryand is modeled as a cantilever beam. Ananalysisoffatigue in weldsand how much stress theycan withstandis performed with S-N diagram. The clamping force in the bolted jointholding the hub cap in its positionis studied in this paper. Together, a theoretical maximum length of the hub cap could be calculatedto preventfailing.A total of 12 equations relating the maximum length 𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥and diameter 𝐷of the hub capare constructed. Finally, a material selection process isconducted for the hub cap to propose a cheaper materialwhich is allowed to be used in the same environment.The results of equations havebeen summarized indiagramswhere it is possible to determine how long a hub cap can be made and which failure-mode is closest to occur for a certain hub cap size.These results havethen been compared with FEA forvalidation ofthe model and obtained equations. Errors between calculated values and simulated values are between 12.6%-96.4% with a mean error of 70.7%. The large differences bases, amongst other reasons,isthat the hub cap isnot best modeled as a classical cantilever beam. Furthermore,the section is so thin and weak so that other mechanical phenomena arisesat loading which raises stresses and forces in different way than predicted.A dimensioningtool thatdetermines the dimensioning limits ofthe hub capwas obtained. Correction factors 𝛼couldbe obtained to correct the theory to better conform with the reality. The obtained relations, in their current state,can to a certain extent be used as a guide for dimensions of hub caps and should in these cases be usedwith great caution.
Studieninnebären del i att ta fram dennyadimensioneringsstandardenför en navkåpa, Hub Cap MK II.Måletmed denna studie varatt ta fram ett dimensioneringsverktyg som ska eliminera aktuella problemoch validera dess trovärdighet med FEMsimuleringar.Detta har utförts tillsammans med syftetatt ge en ökadförståelse för navkåpans strukturella beteendei dess miljö.Kåpans övergripande hållfasthetharstuderats med Euler-Bernoulli balkteorioch är modellerad som en konsolbalk.En fördjupad studieomsvetsarsutmattningochhur mycket spänning de tål är analyserad med S-N diagram.Klämkrafti bultförbandetsom håller kåpan på plats har studeratsoch ingicki undersökningen.Tillsammanskunde en teoretisk maximal längdpå kåpan räknas fram för att förhindra brott.Totalt 12 ekvationer som relaterar maximala längden 𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥och diameter 𝐷av kåpan har konstruerats. Tillslut harenmaterialvalsanalys till kåpan gjortsför att föreslå ett billigare material som ska tillåtasatt användas i samma miljö.Resultaten av ekvationerna av kurvorna har sammanställts i diagramsom visar hur lång en kåpamed en viss diameterkan göras och vilken fel-mod som är närmast att uppstå. Dessa resultathar sedan jämförtsmed finita element analyserför att valideraomberäkningaroch ekvationer speglar verkligheten. Felavvikelser mellan beräknade och simulerade värden var mellan 12.6–95.4%med en medelavvikelse på 70.7%. De stora felengrundar sig i flera orsakerbland annat i attnavkåpan inte ärbäst modellerad som en klassisk konsolbalk. Dessutom är tvärsnittet så vekt att andra mekaniska fenomen uppstår vid lastpåläggning i analyser som ökar spänningar och krafter på ett helt annat sätt en förutsagt.Ett dimensioneringsverktyg sombestämmer dimensioneringsgränserna av en navkåpa har tagits fram. Korrektionsfaktorer 𝛼skulle kunna tas fram för att korrigera teorinför att bättre överensstämma med verkligheten. Deframtagna sambanden, i sin aktuella form,kan i viss mån användas somen vägledning för dimensionering av kåpan ochska i dessafall användas med stor försiktighet.
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22

Field, Daniel James. "Profit through product quality and quality service". Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020036/.

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23

Li, Qiuyuan Jimmy. "The value of field experiments in estimating demand elasticities and maximizing profit". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91105.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-101).
In many situations, the capabilities of firms are better suited to conducting and analyzing field experiments than to analyzing sophisticated demand models. However, the practical value of using field experiments to optimize marketing decisions remains relatively unstudied. We investigate category pricing decisions that require estimating a large matrix of cross-product demand elasticities and ask: how many experiments are required as the number of products in the category grows? Our main result demonstrates that if the categories have a favorable structure, then we can learn faster and reduce the number of experiments that are required: the number of experiments required may grow just logarithmically with the number of products. These findings potentially have important implications for the application of field experiments. Firms may be able to obtain meaningful estimates using a practically feasible number of experiments, even in categories with a large number of products. We also provide a relatively simple mechanism that firms can use to evaluate whether a category has a structure that makes it feasible to use field experiments to set prices. We illustrate how to accomplish this using either a sample of historical data or a pilot set of experiments. Historical data often suffer from the problem of endogeneity bias, but we show that our estimation method is robust to the presence of endogeneity. Besides estimating demand elasticities, firms are also interested in using these elasticities to choose an optimal set of prices in order to maximize profits. We formulate the profit maximization problem and demonstrate that substantial profit gains can also be achieved using a relatively small number of experiments. In addition, we discuss how to evaluate whether field experiments can help optimize other marketing decisions, such as selecting which products to advertise or promote. We adapt our models and methodologies to this setting and show that the main result that relatively few experiments are needed to estimate elasticities and to increase profits continues to hold.
by Jimmy Qiuyuan Li.
Ph. D.
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24

Lee, Tae Whee, e Ronald Po. "Optimizing the use of dedicated and contract transportation assets to maximize total system profit". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40117.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 100).
Each week, FruitCo (FC) ships over a thousand containers of fresh fruits to its various port facilities in the US. Once the containers arrive at the port, approximately half of these containers are received by customers while the remaining half is handled by FC and delivered to customers by either a dedicated or contract carrier. For each containers delivered by FC, heuristics and cost-analysis are used to make the carrier decision. Like other shippers with multiple carrier options, FC needs to both maximize profit and preserve service quality. FC's existing decision framework focuses on fronthaul profit for each delivery while its heuristics do not reflect specific service or cost strategies. Additionally, the existence of backhaul revenue, late returns of containers, limits on containers and dedicated drivers, and a variable ship arrival and departure schedule meant that existing decisions were limited in scope and rarely maximized profit for FC's delivery operations (part of port operations) as a whole. In our thesis, we created a new decision framework to maximize FC's container operations at one of its ports, Port A (PA). We grouped containers from a single ship as an interdependent set of deliveries, forming a single cycle.
(cont.) Accounting for various constraints and potential backhauls, our optimization maximized the profit of a single cycle. The decisions made by the optimization achieved a weekly profit improvement of over 30% without affecting service quality. Supplementing our model, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on the number of containers and dedicated drivers to provide FC insight into its optimal asset size at PA.
by Tae Whee Lee [and] Ronald Po.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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25

Zheng, Li. "Improving performance measurement of engineering projects : methods to develop indicators". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0006.

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La mesure de la performance est l’une des nombreuses activités de la gestion de projet, elle contribue à assurer le succès du projet. Pour atteindre ce but, les entreprises ont besoin de déterminer un système de mesures de la performance. Ces mesures fournissent au chef de projet l’état de santé du projet et l’aide à évaluer s’il a atteint ou va atteindre ses objectifs. Néanmoins, avec la complexité croissante des projets et la nécessité économique absolue d’atteindre les objectifs, les chefs de projets ne peuvent plus se contenter de superviser les coûts et le planning pour évaluer la performance du projet. Ils ont besoin de considérer par exemple d’autres indicateurs comme la satisfaction des exigences du client, la maturité de la technologie, etc. De plus, ils ont besoin d’avoir une évaluation précise des valeurs de ces indicateurs tout au long du projet et pas uniquement à la fin, pour monitorer au mieux le projet afin qu’il atteigne ses objectifs. Pour satisfaire ces nouveaux besoins, les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’étendre le nombre d’indicateurs génériques et de diversifier le type des indicateurs, ainsi que de proposer une méthode pour concevoir des indicateurs spécifiques à un projet. Pour cela, nous procédons par l’intégration de bonnes pratiques pour la mesure de performance issues de plusieurs domaines de l’ingénierie, et illustrons nos propositions sur des cas pratiques. Ce rapport introduit la notion de performance et caractérise les systèmes de mesure de performance, en mettant notamment en évidence un emploi non cohérent de la terminologie selon les sources. Il identifie plusieurs limitations des systèmes de mesure de performance actuels et souligne notamment le besoin d’étendre le nombre et le type des indicateurs, et de construire des indicateurs de performance spécifiques et pertinents pour chaque projet. Une étude bibliographique sur la mesure de la performance dans les domaines de l’ingénierie, notamment en ingénierie système, montre que la mesure de performance est particulièrement bien développée dans cette dernière discipline, avec une offre de 18 indicateurs génériques avancés permettant une grande proactivité. La thèse propose de ce fait d’adapter ces indicateurs au management de projets, résultant en la définition d’un ensemble d’indicateurs étendu et diversifié pour la mesure de performance. Par ailleurs, l’étude des normes et guides en ingénierie système et logicielle (Practical Software and System Measurement, ISO/IEC 15939) nous amène à identifier d’autres besoins, comme la création dynamique d’indicateurs ad hoc qu’il est nécessaire de définir en cours de projet afin évaluer certains risques spécifiques, et soulève de nouvelles difficultés, comme la collecte et la manipulation des données pour la construction des indicateurs. Pour y répondre, ce rapport propose donc également une méthode guidant la construction dynamique d’indicateurs spécifiques. Celle-ci, illustrée dans le mémoire sur un cas concret de projet, a été validée par un panel d’experts
Performance measurement is essential to ensure the success of a project. To this goal, companies need to determine a system of performance measures, classically including cost and schedule measures, which provide the project manager with the project health status and help her or him to evaluate the project successes and failures. However, with the increasing complexity of projects and the absolute necessity to reach the project objectives, project managers cannot only rely on such information about cost and schedule to evaluate the project performance; they need to consider, for instance, other indicators such as the satisfaction of customer requirements, the technology maturity, etc. Moreover, they need to have a precise evaluation of these indicators values while the project is in progress, in order to monitor it at best so that it reaches its goals, and not only after the project ends, to only conclude on the project success or failure without any mean to react. Considering these two issues, the objectives of the thesis thus are to extend the number, scope and type of current project performance indicators with a proposal of complementary indicators, and to propose a method for designing project-specific indicators, in order to improve project performance measurement. To define supplementary indicators and elaborate such a method, we proceed by integrating good measurement practices from different engineering disciplines and illustrate our proposal on use cases. The thesis first introduces the notion of performance and characterizes performance measurement systems (PMSs); such systems offer a wide panel of models for organizational performance measurement. Focusing on PMSs, we provide some insights for project performance measurement. More precisely, we identify several issues highlighted in literature, relative to the limitations of current project performance measurement such as the need to balance lagging indicators (to control) with leading indicators (to monitor), and the need to construct performance indicators that are relevant to project-specific information needs. We then focus on project performance measurement and reviews literature in this domain. It highlights the issue of the unbalanced use of leading and lagging indicators. To bring a solution to the issue, we review literature of performance measurement in engineering disciplines, with a focus on systems engineering practices, especially a panel of 18 generic leading indicators that are currently engineered in guidance. A method has been proposed to adapt the set of systems engineering leading indicators to project management, thus resulting in developing the set of indicators to measure project performance. Moreover, focusing on standards and guides on measurement in systems and software engineering led us to identify other issues in project performance measurement, such as the difficulties to define indicators dynamically for a project, and how to collect and combine data in order to construct these indicators. We finally consider the methodological difficulties about designing relevant performance indicators. More precisely, we identify 3 issues: different opinions among researchers about the sources from where the indicators will be derived; the problem in relation to the transformation from data to indicators; and the association of data collection, analysis and report with project management processes. To solve these issues, we analyze good practices from the Practical Software and Systems Measurement, the ISO/IEC 15939 norm and the Project Management Body of Knowledge that proved to be able to address the identified issues respectively. This work results in a method integrating these practices to address the 3 identified issues in project performance measurement. The method is illustrated on a real project context. Evaluation of the method has been conducted in workshop of project managers, which confirmed the interest for the proposal
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26

Chu, Ronald W. Y. (Ronald Wai Yin). "Finding a cycle with maximum profit-to-time ratio : an application to optimum deployment of containerships". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35988.

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27

Polat, Esra. "A Location And Routing-with-profit Problem In Glass Recycling". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610221/index.pdf.

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In this study, our aim is to determine the locations of bottle banks used in collecting recycled glass. The collection of recycled glass is done by a fleet of vehicles that visit some predetermined collection points, like restaurants and hospitals. The location of bottle banks depends on the closeness of the banks to the population zones where the recycled class is generated, and to the closeness of the banks to the predetermined collection points. A mathematical model, which combines the maximal covering problem in the presence of partial coverage and vehicle routing problem with profits, is presented. Heuristic procedures are proposed for the solution of the problem. Computational results based on generated test problems are provided. We also discuss a case study, where bottle banks are located in Yenimahalle, a district of Ankara
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28

Wood, Sarah J. "The role of philanthropic capital in entrepreneurship : an empirical analysis of financial vehicles at the nonprofit/for-profit boundary of science and engineering". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78503.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)-- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-70).
Not-for-profit funding from wealthy individuals and their foundations is widely used to support science and engineering research within the university, but is not currently being used to fund the translation of those ideas towards greater impact. Entrepreneurship is a powerful engine for moving from idea to impact, but for-profit investments in early-stage companies fail to account for investors' charitable objectives and are not rewarded for social returns. Conversely, tax-shielded "charitable" funds are rarely used in for-profit technology companies regardless of their desirable social outcomes. As a result, there is often a limited amount of capital available to companies in areas such as energy, water and human disease because neither pure philanthropic nor pure profit motives sufficiently justify investment. Traditional explanations for funding gaps fail to recognize that the shortfall due to both the risk profile of potential investments, and the poor match between the social and private interests of "investors" and the types of vehicles that might allow a mix of philanthropic and financial motives to sit side-by-side. To address this challenge, we asked a simple question: What financial approaches and organizational structures can be deployed at the intersection of the non-profit and for-profit boundary to address the funding gaps in science and engineering commercialization? To explore this issue, we conducted interviews, reviewed legal texts and relevant literature, and compiled data from online sources. Our findings reveal a sophisticated set of tools that are historically under-used, but which have the potential to advance many areas of science and engineering that hold solutions to global issues, such as health, environment, water, and energy.
by Sarah J. Wood.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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29

Rose, Bertrand. "Proposition d'un référentiel support à la conception collaborative : CO²MED (COllaborative COnflict Management in Engineering Design), Prototype logiciel dans le cadre du projet IPPOP". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723288.

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Dans un contexte de performances de plus en plus exigeantes, les acteurs de la conception de produits mécaniques sont invités à collaborer de plus en plus étroitement afin de mener à bien leur projet. Ces exigences de plus en plus pointues dans des domaines précis conduisent à une augmentation globale du patrimoine de connaissances des acteurs. La mise en commun de connaissances très diverses lors des phases de collaboration a très vite mis en évidence la nécessité de structurer ce patrimoine de manière à pouvoir le réutiliser à bon escient tout au long du cycle de vie du produit, afin notamment de prévenir d'éventuels conflits. La multiplicité des expertises et points de vue des acteurs rassemblés autour du projet de conception est un facteur d'amplification de ceux-ci. Dans ce contexte, notre travail propose une solution à la gestion et la résolution de conflits apparaissant autour des problèmes de conception. Nous présentons dans ce mémoire un référentiel pour la conception collaborative de produits spécifiquement dédié à la gestion de conflits. Ce référentiel propose une véritable infrastructure pour permettre aux différents acteurs impliqués dans un conflit de structurer leurs échanges et de capitaliser les solutions évoquées à des fins de réutilisation dans d'autres projets. Nous implémentons ce référentiel dans l'application logicielle CO²MED (COllaborative COnflict Management in Engineering Design). Nous validons celui-ci sur un cas industriel issu de la conception d'un stator de moteur électrique chez Alstom Moteurs Nancy.
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30

Persson, Nicole. "Kan man mäta förtroende? En studie om förtroendemätning och Non-Profit Organisationer i digitala mediekanaler". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20101.

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Non-profit organisationers arbeten och överlevnad är beroende av donationer från allmänheten, då de inte har statliga medel för att driva sina organisationer. Genom att påvisa ett högt förtroende (genom olika dimensioner av förtroende) på sina mediekanaler kan organisationerna öka uppmärksamheten och deltagandet hos mottagarna. Syftet med denna studie är att hitta faktorer som gör det möjligt att undersöka förtroendet för non-profit organisationer, specifikt djurrättsorganisationer, på internet. Detta för att kunna se om man med hjälp av dessa faktorer kan undersöka hur högt förtroendet är för en non-profit organisation. Kan dessa indikatorer för förtroendet hjälpa non-profit organisationer att stärka sitt förtroende och därmed också öka sina intäkter/donationer, responsivitet och volontärer.Teorin som studien utgår från berör ämnen så som e-handel, allmänt förtroende (public trust) och mätningar. Det är en kvalitativ studie med kvantitativa inslag och en semiotisk bildanalys har genomförts samt en netnografisk analys av mediekanalerna. Urvalet består av tre icke vinstdrivande djurrättsorganisationer, deras webbsidor samt Facebooksidor. Studien har kommit fram till att genom att skapa en typologi för förtroendets dimensioner, möjliggörs en mätning av förtroendet för organisationen. Studien visar att NPO (Non Profit Organisationer) kan genom att förmedla förtroendet genom tre dimensioner, även bygga ett starkare förtroende från mottagarna. Genom att använda de olika dimensionerna av förtroendet kan förtroende förmedlas och stärkas. Genom att använda de utsatta djuren som element på de olika mediekanalerna förstärks känslor så som medlidande och hjälplöshet vilket vidare kan väcka känslor samt en önskan om ett djupare engagemang.
Non-profit organizations work and survival is depending on donations from the public, as they do not have government funds to run their organizations. By demonstrating high levels of trust (through different dimensions of trust) on their media channels, can the organizations increase the attention and participation of the recipients? The purpose of this study is to find factors, which provides a possibility to investigate the trust of Non-profit organizations, specifically animal rights organizations, on the Internet. This is to see if one can investigate how high the trust is for a non-profit organization, with the help of these factors. Can these trust indicators help non-profit organizations to strengthen their trust and thus also increase their gains/donations, responsiveness and volunteers.The theory of study is based on topics such as e-commerce, public trust and measurements. It is a qualitative study with quantitative elements and a semiotic image analysis has been conducted as well as a netnographic analysis of the media channels. The selection consists of three non- profits animal rights organizations, their web pages and Facebook pages. The study has found that by creating a typology of trust dimensions, a measure of trust in the organization is made possible. The study shows that NPO (Non Profit Organizations) can by communicate their trust through three dimensions; also build a stronger trust from the recipients. By adopting the different dimensions of trust, trust can be conveyed and strengthened. By using the exposed animals as elements on the different media channels, emotions such as compassion and helplessness are amplified, which can further create emotions as well as the desire for deeper involvement.
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31

Mao, Ye 1978. "A profit maximization model in a two-echelon supply chain management : distribution and pricing strategies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29571.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111).
Distribution and pricing strategies play a central role in the field of supply chain management. Heuristic approaches to the vehicle routing problem (VRP) are usually used to design optimal delivery routes to serve geographically dispersed customers, who are price elastic. There is a rich literature discussing either the manufacturer's distribution strategy or its pricing initiatives. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a profit maximization model that presents an integrated distribution and pricing strategy for any company facing such issues. We first examine a simplified scenario when all customers are located in the same delivery region and their demand is deterministic. Both truckload (TL) and less-than-truckload (LTL) shipment strategies are analyzed and compared. We later extend our findings to multiple delivery regions and discuss the impact of the manufacturer's pricing flexibility on its profit. Then we relax the assumption of deterministic customer demand and introduce the safety stock cost. Finally the application on across delivery region situations is shown. Although some of our assumptions simplify our model, we believe that it provides insight into more complex supply chain management problems.
by Ye Mao.
S.M.
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32

Siret, Daniel. "Propositions pour une approche déclarative des ambiances dans le projet architectural : application à l'ensoleillement". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573773.

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La conception architecturale est un processus complexe dans lequel des entités de diverses natures sont manipulées. Parmi celles-ci, les ambiances représentent les interactions perçues entre les phénomènes physiques et les formes de l'environnement construit. Dans cette recherche, nous interrogeons la prise en compte des ambiances dans le projet architectural : quels sont les outils les mieux adaptés pour ce faire ? Nous donnons en premier lieu une représentation théorique de la question. Celle-ci nous conduit à définir des problèmes de simulation inverse des ambiances : il s'agit de modéliser des formes architecturales en partant des intentions d'ambiances du concepteur. Nous proposons de résoudre ces problèmes dans le cadre méthodologique défini par l'approche déclarative en modélisation géométrique. Nous appliquons cette représentation théorique pour un phénomène particulier : l'ensoleillement. Un état de l'art nous permet de situer les limites des méthodes de simulation directe de l'ensoleillement. Nous introduisons une formalisation nouvelle du phénomène en le considérant sous l'angle de la géométrie intégrale. Nous montrons que tous les problèmes d'ensoleillement, qu'ils soient directs ou inverses, s'expriment comme des problèmes d'intersection entre les objets d'une scène et un volume de rayons solaires que nous définissons comme la pyramide complexe d'ensoleillement. Ce volume est un artefact géométrique qui représente une contrainte spatiotemporelle d'ensoleillement. La détermination de sa frontière n'est pas triviale. Nous y apportons une solution en utilisant la somme de Minkowski. L'ensemble de ces résultats nous donne un modèle déclaratif de résolution des problèmes d'ensoleillement. En dernier lieu, nous discutons des modalités d'adaptation de ce modèle dans le contexte de la conception architecturale. Nous présentons une maquette logicielle intégrant nos propositions. Trois exemples illustrent finalement l'utilisation de notre modeleur.
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33

Cherqui, Frédéric. "Méthodologie d'évaluation d'un projet d'aménagement durable d'un quartier - méthode ADEQUA". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012089.

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La démarche HQE, puis l'émergence rapide et incontrôlée d'une volonté de "développement durable" dans le domaine de la construction, sont à l'origine de nouvelles exigences d'aménagement urbain. Or la prise en compte du concept de développement durable requiert une analyse holistique d'un projet urbain. Cela nécessite une échelle d'étude plus large que celle du bâtiment. Ce travail concerne la mise en place d'une méthode d'analyse multi indicateurs basée sur huit objectifs à l'échelle du quartier. La quantification des indicateurs associés aux objectifs permet au professionnel de la construction, l'aménageur ou la collectivité, d'évaluer quantitativement et de comparer différentes alternatives d'aménagement d'un quartier, à l'aide de diagrammes radars. Cette quantification est basée sur l'utilisation d'outils de simulation, sur des bases de données et sur des dires d'expert. La « méthode ADEQUA » est une contribution au projet national (du même nom) initié par le Ministère de l'Équipement et l'ADEME : le projet ADEQUA. La méthode proposée est également mise en situation grâce à un cas d'étude à La Rochelle.
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34

Montoya, casas Carlos Eduardo. "Nouvelles méthodes pour le problème de gestion de projet multi-compétence". Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789769.

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Dans cette Thèse, nous avons introduit plusieurs procédures pour résoudre le problème d'ordonnancement du projet multi-compétences (MSPSP). L'objectif est de trouver un ordonnancement qui minimise le temps de terminaison (makespan) d'un projet, composé d'un ensemble d'activités. Les relations de précédences et les contraintes de ressource seront considérées. Dans ce problème, les ressources sont des membres du personnel qui maîtrisent plusieurs compétences. Ainsi, un certain nombre de travailleurs doit être affecté pour utiliser chaque compétence requise par une activité. Par ailleurs, nous accorderons une importance particulière aux méthodes exactes pour résoudre le MSPSP, puisqu'il y a encore un certain nombre d'instances pour lesquelles l'optimalité doit encore être prouvée. Néanmoins,pour traiter des instances plus importantes, nous implémentons une approche heuristique.
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35

Rouyer, Julien. "Tomographie ultrasonore dédiée à l'imagerie du sein - Validation expérimentale du projet ANAÏS". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733152.

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Abstract (sommario):
La tomographie ultrasonore assistée par ordinateur possède un fort potentiel en tant que moyen d'inspection des tissus mammaires pour le dépistage du cancer du sein ; cette technique permet de réduire la dépendance à l'opérateur constatée avec l'échographie conventionnelle. Une antenne de transducteurs (3 MHz) à géométrie semi-circulaire conformée à l'anatomie du sein a été développée pour réaliser une imagerie de réfl ectivité des structures d'intérêt en employant une procédure de reconstruction tomographique. L'antenne comporte 1024 éléments répartis sur un arc de 190 degrés ayant un rayon de courbure de 100 mm. Les acquisitions sont gérées par une électronique à 32 voies parallèles indépendantes en émission/réception et par un multiplexer pour l'adressage des voies vers les éléments de l'antenne. Les circuits d'émission et de réception ont une réquence d'échantillonnage allant jusqu'à 80 MHz avec une précision de 12 bits. Des formes d'ondes arbitraires (pseudo-chirp, codes de Golay) sont transmises a n d'améliorer le rapport signal sur bruit. L'électroacoustique a été caractérisée avec des objets académiques et un hydrophone a n de déterminer les propriétés d'émission du système d'imagerie (réponses impulsionnelles et distribution spatiale du champ) et de développer des outils de correction des données ; ces résultats sont mis en regard avec le formalisme de résolution du problème inverse (algorithme de sommation des rétroprojections elliptiques fi ltrées en champ proche). L'évaluation du système d'imagerie est réalisées sur des objets ponctuels ( fils de 80 m de diamètre), des objets bidimensionnels à faible contraste d'impédance et un fantôme anthropomorphique de sein contenant des inclusions. La technique de compression d'impulsion est utilisée pour traiter les signaux ; l'apport de cette technique à la tomographie ultrasonore est évaluée en regard d'une impulsion large bande. La résolution spatiale est inférieure au tier de la longueur d'onde et les images préliminaires réalisées avec le système sont très satisfaisantes. Des perspectives de développement des méthodes d'inspection et des adaptations du système électroacoustique pour la tomographique anatomique du sein sont proposées au vue des études réalisées durant cette thèse.
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36

Yoon, Yong Tae. "Electric power network economics : designing principles for a for-profit independent transmission company and underlying architectures for reliability". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8620.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-237).
In this thesis we examine the problem of designing architecture of an electric power network with the emphasis on transmission provision that supports various electricity market structures while ensuring the system wide reliability, following the electric power industry restructuring process. Specifically, the thesis proposes a possible regulatory incentive-based framework critical for creating a for-profit independent transmission company (ITC), and defines the role of ITC under the newly introduced regulatory framework, such that an adequate level of transmission capacity is provided for trading energy services between generators and loads over long-term. Before the restructuring process all of the electric services are provided by a so-called vertically integrated utility. A vertically integrated utility is a monopolistic entity who is responsible for meeting the region-wide demand for electricity at some acceptable quality by designing and operating entire generation, transmission and distribution assets within a regional electric power network. A vertically integrated utility fulfills its responsibilities by first projecting the demand of its customers over some period of time ( typically for the next 5 to 10 years) often assuming inelasticity. Then, based on the load projection, the utility plans for additional generation necessary for meeting the demand over the same period. Due to the lack of practical means of storing electricity and the uncertainty in equipment (both generation and transmission) availability, the adequate generation reinforcement includes not only the increase in projected demand but also the sufficient amount of reserves. Under the restructuring process, a completely new environment is created for producing, delivering and consuming electric power. A market is implemented for efficient trading of energy, and a vertically integrated utility is functionally unbundled into generation, transmission and distribution sectors by divesting the generation and distribution assets to many market participants including its affiliates. In the market the newly formed generation companies compete with other generation companies to provide energy to individual distribution companies who serve the ultimate consumer loads. The transmission asset owner and the network operator then together become a transmission provider (TP) who exists as a natural monopoly and provides network capacity to generation and distribution companies under the strict oversight of a regulator. With the introduction of a market mechanism there are a couple of new categories of uncertainties that are not encountered before the restructuring process, namely regulatory uncertainties and the market designs. It is asserted that these uncertainties play a critical role along with the well recognized uncertainties in equipment status/functionality in determining system wide efficiency as well as reliability in the operation and planning of an electric power network in the new environment. In dealing with the regulatory uncertainties, the price-cap regulation (PCR) scheme is suggested to replace the traditional cost-of-service regulation. Due to the particular characteristics of the industry including the lack of practical means of storing electricity and the lack of directly controlling the transmission path, some modifications to the conventional form of PCR scheme are necessary before actual application. In this thesis a practicable PCR scheme is proposed for regulating the operation and planning of a TP, which establishes the framework necessary for creating a for-profit ITC. In dealing with the uncertainties in market designs, the thesis introduces a usable business model for an ITC and the transmission products to be provided by this ITC. It is asserted that much of uncertainties in network usage, due to constantly changing supply and demand of the network users, can be eliminated through offering longer term transmission contracts by the ITC. A liquid market for these transmission contracts is essential for information revelation on the supply and demand of network users. The thesis proposes a workable mechanism for designing the market for transmission. In dealing with the uncertainties in equipment status/functionality, the thesis only suggests that there is a strong need for analytical tools in accurately computing the operational limit on power transfer through transmission lines within the network. Much work is needed for re-visiting the (short-term) reliability standards created under the old industry regime since various contractual agreements among the market participants now have very different interpretation on how the uncertainties in equipment status/functionality need to be handled. An active future research is urged for defining the market mechanisms essential for unbundling reliability in parallel to the functional unbundling. As attempted in this thesis, we believe that any proposed designs for electricity market structures should be examined with a clear understanding of the implications on the overall industry performance, as well as with an understanding of the implications on the individual industry participants, such as power suppliers, provider of wires, and consumers. Particular emphasis should be on understanding the long-term (in contrast to only short-term) effects of various changes on the adequacy of supply and evolution of the grid necessary to support the long-term needs of the energy markets. It will take some deep thinking and patience to get the entire electric power industry to function properly following the restructuring process.
by Yong Tae Yoon.
Ph.D.
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37

Serra, Maria Carolina. "Management of a high mix production system with interdependent demands : modeling of stochastic demands and the concept of virtual profit as a decomposition tool". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55228.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-126).
An optimized framework for the inventory control of a high mix production system has been designed in order to guarantee the optimal mix of items in stock in presence of correlated demands. The Virtual Profit concept was developed to measure the criticality of an item in presence of correlated demands. The introduction of the Virtual Profit in the optimization problem allowed the problem to be decomposed and the optimal control parameters to be computed separately. Demands were modeled based on the stochastic properties of the historical demand so that simulations could be performed using statistically generated orders. The simulations provided a validation of the proposed technique showing that, with the same size of inventory, considering the Virtual Profits instead of the real profits improves the quality of the solution, especially when low levels of inventory are kept.
by Maria Carolina Serra.
M.Eng.
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38

Garcia, Flora A. 1979. "Integrated optimization model for airline schedule design : profit maximization and issues of access for small markets". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28299.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).
The purpose of the National Airspace System Strategy Simulator is to provide the FAA with a decision support system to evaluate long-term infrastructure and regulatory strategies. The NAS strategy simulator consists of several modules representing the different entities within the NAS embedded in a system dynamics framework. The MIT Airline Scheduling Module is the module within the NAS Strategy Simulator that represents the decision making process of the airlines with respect to the schedules that they fly. The MIT Airline Scheduling Module is an incremental optimization tool to determine schedule changes from one time step to another that best meets demand using available resources. The optimization model combines an Integrated Schedule Design and Fleet Assignment model and a model, based on Passenger Decision Window model, that determines passenger preference for itineraries. We simultaneously establish frequency, departure times, fleet assignment, passenger loads and revenue within a competitive environment. Optimization methods often lead to extreme schedule decisions such as eliminating service to markets, often small markets, that are not financially profitable for the airlines. This is of grave concern to government policy makers as rural access to markets, goods and services is a politically charged subject. The issue is to understand what is likely to happen in small communities if the government doesn't respond in some way and how much subsidy, if any, would it be necessary to encourage airlines to maintain service in these markets. The approach we will use is based on economic policy and cost-benefit analysis.
by Flora A. Garcia.
S.M.
S.M.in Transportation
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39

Tourre, Vincent. "Simulation inverse de l'éclairage naturel pour le projet architectural". Phd thesis, Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=26c5cff1-ee29-46be-971f-e6a6d9453ad2.

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Ce travail de recherche concerne un modèle de simulation inverse de l'éclairage permettant la prise en compte de la lumière naturelle dans le projet architectural. Notre objectif est de développer une méthode numérique d'aide à la « conception par l'intention d'ambiance » qui s'apparente à la conception paramétrique. Cette recherche est focalisée sur la lumière incidente provenant de la voûte céleste et de l'environnement urbain. Nous proposons une méthode qui concrétise les intentions d'ambiance lumineuse, par la production des propriétés géométriques et photométriques des ouvertures. Cette méthode s'attache tout d'abord à matérialiser les intentions d'ambiance lumineuse dans une scène 3d, par un rendu photométrique et des descripteurs graphiques. L'action sur ces descripteurs permet au concepteur d'exprimer ses intentions d'ambiance lumineuse à travers les paramètres physiques de l'éclairage. Un modèle de simulation inverse de l'éclairage utilise ensuite ces paramètres physiques pour calculer les ouvertures. Le problème de la simulation inverse est posé comme une recherche d'émittance de sources. Une comparaison d'images entre l'apport des sources lumineuses et l'éclairage souhaité, permet d'évaluer les propriétés des éléments d'ouverture, et par conséquent, de définir les ouvertures du bâtiment. Le modèle est validé par des tests de reconstruction d'ouverture. La confrontation à une situation réelle montre les possibilités d'intégration de cette méthode dans la conception architecturale
This research project deals with an inverse lighting model taking into account daylighting in architectural project. Our goal is to propose a digital method to assist “design by ambience intention” which is close from parametric design. Our work focus on incident light coming into designed space, from sky vault and urban surroundings. We propose a method which concretizes lighting ambience intentions, by producing geometrical and photometrical properties of openings. In first place, our method materializes lighting ambience intentions in a digital scene, with a photometric rendering and graphic descriptors. By using these descriptors, the designer is allowed to express his lighting ambience intentions through physical lighting parameters. An inverse lighting model uses these physical parameters to compute opening shape and size. Inverse lighting problem is seen as a source emittance research problem. An image comparison between source lighting and intended lighting allows to evaluate sources properties, and therefore to define building openings. This odel is checked through opening reconstruction in test cases. Confrontation to real situations shows integration possibilities of our model in architectural design
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40

Pesonen, L. T. (Lasse T. T. ). "Implementation of design to profit in a complex and dynamic business context". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514264509.

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Abstract The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate a design to profit procedure and its implementation in industrial case environment. The procedure is demonstrated as a way to improve profits in a global company. The essential elements of the procedure are product business case calculations and profit consciousness of employees. This study utilizes a combination of product life cycle analysis, advanced costing methods and multidimensional data processing for the product business case calculations. The combination is necessary for solving the research task. The need of proactive design is emphasized in the telecommunications industry due to shorter and shorter product life cycles. However, traditional accounting methods do not support proactive design work sufficiently during the life cycle of the products. The design to profit procedure has been created to help business managers to solve following problems: 1. How to proactively ensure the growth of business profits in the future? 2. How to prevent suboptimal decisions from being made in functional units and to promote overall profitability? 3. How to judge the profitability of new product programs within a company? 4. How can we ensure an adequate level of cost consciousness and profitability-driven targets for the company's key employees? This study presents and discusses the construction of the procedure and describes its elements, implementation and use in practice. The argumentation is illustrated by case studies. This method has benefits, especially when the product life cycles are short and the market competition strong. The design to profit procedure is a proactive mind set or thinking pattern. This system makes the employees aware of the importance target profitability and especially target costing. There is no decision support system that could guarantee the profitability of business. Cautious utilization of the system results and common sense are required to achieve continuous growth of business profits.
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41

Tourre, Vincent. "Simulation inverse de l'éclairage naturel pour le projet architectural". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383341.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail de recherche concerne un modèle de simulation inverse de l'éclairage permettant la prise en compte de la lumière naturelle dans le projet architectural. Notre objectif est de développer une méthode numérique d'aide à la « conception par l'intention d'ambiance » qui s'apparente à la conception paramétrique. Cette recherche est focalisée sur la lumière incidente provenant de la voûte céleste et de l'environnement urbain.

Nous proposons une méthode qui concrétise les intentions d'ambiance lumineuse, par la production des propriétés géométriques et photométriques des ouvertures. Cette méthode s'attache tout d'abord à matérialiser les intentions d'ambiance lumineuse dans une scène 3d, par un rendu photométrique et des descripteurs graphiques. L'action sur ces descripteurs permet au concepteur d'exprimer ses intentions d'ambiance lumineuse à travers les paramètres physiques de l'éclairage.

Un modèle de simulation inverse de l'éclairage utilise ensuite ces paramètres physiques pour calculer les ouvertures. Le problème de la simulation inverse est posé comme une recherche d'émittance de sources. Une comparaison d'images entre l'apport des sources lumineuses et l'éclairage souhaité, permet d'évaluer les propriétés des éléments d'ouverture, et par conséquent, de définir les ouvertures du bâtiment. Le modèle est validé par des tests de reconstruction d'ouverture. La confrontation à une situation réelle montre les possibilités d'intégration de cette méthode dans la conception architecturale.
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42

Roy, Maitrayee. "Case studies of Swedish Non-Profit Organization's (NPO) fundraising process : Adaptation of Balanced Scorecard Business Model for fundraising success". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42320.

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43

Guthrie, Bradley Robert. "Analyzing a Shopper’s Visual Experience in a Retail Store and the Impact on Impulse Profit". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1536058720802264.

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44

Recoquillon, Cyril. "CONTRIBUTION AU DESSIN ET À L'INTÉGRATIOND'UN ÉCHANTILLONNEUR/DÉMULTIPLEXEUR ÀTRÈS HAUT DÉBIT POUR LE PROJET ALMA". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00182276.

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Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire de thèse entre dans le cadre du projet international d'interférométrie millimétrique et submillimétrique ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array). Il décrit les différentes étapes d'étude, de conception et de caractérisation de 2 circuits intégrés spécifiques hautes fréquences en technologie BiCMOS SiGe : un démultiplexeur 1 vers 16 à 4Gbps et un convertisseur analogique-numérique 3 bits à 4Gsps. Cette thèse a conduit à la réalisation et à l'industrialisation de ces circuits pour qu'ils puissent être implémentés sur déffirents téléscopes.
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45

Fiori, Sandra. "Le représentation graphique dans la conception du projet d'éclairage urbain". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399027.

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Abstract (sommario):
Par ses implications cognitives et pragmatiques, la représentation graphique constitue un outil privilégié du projet architectural et urbain par lequel se manifestent et opèrent les manières de faire. Partant de cette hypothèse méthodologique, cette recherche tente de mieux définir le renouvellement des modes de production et de pensée de l'éclairage urbain à travers l'étude des usages de la représentation graphique chez les concepteurs lumière, principaux acteurs de ce renouveau issus de milieux professionnels divers. Trois types de sources sont utilisés : observation du travail d'agence, entretiens semi-directifs et surtout corpus graphique extrait de vingt projets (mises en lumière urbaines, plans lumière), analysé sur un mode monographique puis typologique. Les entretiens révèlent une démarche commune de type scénographique ainsi que l'importance du mouvement d'acculturation à la maîtrise d'oeuvre traditionnelle par lequel se construit la nouvelle profession de concepteur lumière. La production graphique des concepteurs lumière reflète largement ces caractéristiques, tirant sa spécificité d'un processus d'hybridation entre les formes graphiques de l'éclairagisme technique et celles du projet architectural et urbain, comme le montre l'analyse typologique du corpus. Plus largement, l'analyse graphique met en évidence le caractère actuel (Cauquelin, 1992), c'est-à-dire à la fois traditionnel et contemporain, des pratiques des concepteurs lumière. Cette actualité, questionnant les modes d'appréhension courant du projet architectural et urbain, a ainsi trait : - à leur champ de compétence et d'intervention, ni tout à fait technique ni tout à fait artistique, témoignant en outre d'une hybridation entre disciplines ; - sur le plan graphique, à leur usage de techniques mixtes et au brouillage de la frontière entre conception et communication ; - sur le plan esthétique, au mélange entre retour aux origines de la scénographie et création de dispositifs spatio-lumineux inédits.
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46

Hedelund, Simone Staack. "Digital Content Creation in 2018: A Study for Non-Profit Organizations and Social Actors". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23769.

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This study explores the phenomenon of new power as a framework for empowerment for non-profit organizations. The concept is coined by social entrepreneurs Henry Timms and Jeremy Heimans in their book New Power (2018), and the aim is to investigate the effects of new media today through analysis of twelve media actors experiences of working in the creative industries. Through a flexible study based on the paradigm of phenomenology, this thesis researched by examining new power as a 'black box’—an object of human perception—to arrive at new understandings of the workings of media environments today. The qualitative data is backed by a case study of a niche community in the form of digital scrapings that reveal characteristics of spreadable mechanisms in a networked community. Drawing on dominating theories about participatory cultures, convergence media, and mediatization, the study found tendencies of new media leading to the subordination to the power of prevailing media actors. It concludes by considering future implications for the evolution of Web 3.0, where digital platforms will evolve into a co-constitutive digital sphere where media actors and individuals alike will take action in shaping the digital culture of media, as in the cases of leading digital companies BuzzFeed and Reddit.Keywords:Media Transformation, Non-profit organization, Web 2.0, Media Transformation, New Media, Participatory Cultures, New Power, Social Mobilization, Digital Promise
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47

Keller, Joanne Marie. "ANALYSIS OF TYPE AND SEVERITY OF TRAFFIC CRASHES AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS USING TREE-BASED REGRESSION AND ORDERED PROBIT MODELS". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4382.

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Many studies have shown that intersections are among the most dangerous locations of a roadway network. Therefore, there is a need to understand the factors that contribute to traffic crashes at such locations. One approach is to model crash occurrences based on configuration, geometric characteristics and traffic. Instead of combining all variables and crash types to create a single statistical model, this analysis created several models that address the different factors that affect crashes, by type of collision as well as injury level, at signalized intersections. The first objective was to determine if there is a difference between important variables for models based on individual crash types or severity levels and aggregated models. The second objective of this research was to investigate the quality and completeness of the crash data and the effect that incomplete data has on the final results. A detailed and thorough data collection effort was necessary for this research to ensure the quality and completeness of this data. Multiple agencies were contacted and databases were crosschecked (i.e. state and local jurisdictions/agencies). Information (including geometry, configuration and traffic characteristics) was collected for a total of 832 intersections and over 33,500 crashes from Brevard, Hillsborough and Seminole Counties and the City of Orlando. Due to the abundance of data collected, a portion was used as a validation set for the tree-based regression. Hierarchical tree-based regression (HTBR) and ordered probit models were used in the analyses. HTBR was used to create models for the expected number of crashes for collision type as well as injury level. Ordered probit models were only used to predict crash severity levels due to the ordinal nature of this dependent variable. Finally, both types of models were used to predict the expected number of crashes. More specifically, tree-based regression was used to consider the difference in the relative importance of each variable between the different types of collisions. First, regressions were only based on crashes available from state agencies to make the results more comparable to other studies. The main finding was that the models created for angle and left turn crashes change the most compared to the model created from the total number of crashes reported on long forms (restricted data usually available at state agencies). This result shows that aggregating the different crash types by only estimating models based on the total number of crashes will not predict the number of expected crashes as accurately as models based on each type of crash separately. Then, complete datasets (full dataset based on crash reports collected from multiple sources) were used to calibrate the models. There was consistently a difference between models based on the restricted and complete datasets. The results in this section show that it is important to include minor crashes (usually reported on short forms and ignored) in the dataset when modeling the number of angle or head-on crashes and less important to include minor crashes when modeling rear-end, right turn or sideswipe crashes. This research presents in detail the significant geometric and traffic characteristics that affect each type of collision. Ordered probit models were used to estimate crash injury severity levels for three different types of models; the first one based on collision type, the second one based on intersection characteristics and the last one based on a significant combination of factors in both models. Both the restricted and complete datasets were used to create the first two model types and the output was compared. It was determined that the models based on the complete dataset were more accurate. However, when compared to the tree-based regression results, the ordered probit model did not predict as well for the restricted dataset based on intersection characteristics. The final ordered probit model showed that crashes involving a pedestrian/bicyclist have the highest probability of a severe injury. For motor vehicle crashes, left turn, angle, head-on and rear-end crashes cause higher injury severity levels. Division (a median) on the minor road, as well as a higher speed limit on the minor road, was found to lower the expected injury level. This research has shed light on several important topics in crash modeling. First of all, this research demonstrated that variables found to be significant in aggregated crash models may not be the same as the significant variables found in models based on specific crash types. Furthermore, variables found to be significant in crash type models typically changed when minor crashes were added to complete the dataset. Thirdly, ordered probit models based on significant crash-type and intersection characteristic variables have greater crash severity prediction power, especially when based on the complete dataset. Lastly, upon comparison between tree-based regression and ordered probit models, it was found that the tree-based regression models better predicted the crash severity levels.
M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil and Environmental Engineering
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48

EREAU, Jean François. "Réseaux de Petri pour l'étude de la disponibilité opérationnelle des systèmes spatiaux en phases d'avant-projet". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010089.

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Si certains conservent un objectif scientifique et expérimental, la plupart des projets spatiaux visent maintenant à développer des systèmes profitables soumis à de fortes contraintes opérationnelles. Dimensionner ces systèmes, "ni trop, ni trop peu", est donc un objectif majeur qui conditionne leur viabilité économique. Si trop de risques sont pris les investisseurs se feront rares, et si le système est surdimensionné son coût peut être également rapidement dissuasif. Dans ce contexte, l'étude de la Disponibilité Opérationnelle en phases d'avant-projet donne certains critères précieux pour évaluer le compromis coût / prise de risque et permet ainsi de guider très tôt certains choix de conception. Cependant la complexité et la taille croissante de ces systèmes ont rapidement mis en évidence certaines limites des méthodes classiques d'évaluation de cette grandeur. La théorie des réseaux de Petri, riche d'une trentaine d'années de recherche et principalement appliquée à l'analyse, l'évaluation et la commande des systèmes distribués, offre des perspectives intéressantes pour dépasser ces limites. La principale contribution de ce travail mené au sein de l'Agence française de l'Espace et d'un industriel du spatial a été de favoriser son utilisation pour l'étude de la Disponibilité Opérationnelle de système spatiaux complexes et dans le cadre très concret des phases d'avant-projets. On a tout d'abord justifié l'intérêt que les réseaux de Petri présentent tant pour la modélisation que pour l'évaluation de tels systèmes par comparaison aux approches classiques. Puis on a illustré leur utilisation sur des programmes bien réels et dans le cadre d'un travail intégré avec les équipes projets. Enfin, on a proposé les bases d'une démarche de modélisation orientée application dont le but est d'aider des non spécialistes à concevoir aisément des modèles de systèmes complexes. Ce sont ces trois grandes étapes qui sont ici présentées.
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49

Guschinskaya, Olga. "Outils d'aide à la décision pour la conception en avant-projet des systèmes d'usinage à boîtiers multibroches". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783240.

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Abstract (sommario):
Les travaux de recherche effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse concernent essentiellement la conception en avant-projet de systèmes d'usinage dédiés à la production en grande série. Lors de cette phase de conception, l'objectif principal est de trouver, pour une pièce donnée, une configuration du système d'usinage qui satisfaisait, à coût minimal, les contraintes technologiques, techniques et économiques existantes. Plusieurs problèmes combinatoires posés par cet objectif sont étudiés dans la thèse. Plus concrètement, nous nous sommes intéressés aux problèmes d'optimisation de la configuration des trois types de systèmes d'usinage suivants : machines de transfert, machines à table mobile et machines à table circulaire pivotante. Pour chacun de ces systèmes, nous avons proposé, dans un premier temps, différents modèles mathématiques. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons développé de nombreux outils d'optimisation dédiés à leur résolution, tels que des algorithmes de calcul des bornes inférieures, des procédures de pré-traitement, des algorithmes de résolution exacte et approchée, et des approches mixtes utilisant plusieurs de ces algorithmes. Ces travaux ont permis de concevoir un prototype de logiciel destiné à supporter les différentes étapes de conception en avant projet d'un système d'usinage. Ce logiciel a été testé avec succès sur plusieurs cas industriels.
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Brousseau, Christian. "Définition, Réalisation et Tests d'un radar VHF Multifréquence et Multipolarisation - Projet MOSAR". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085136.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Nous présentons dans cette thèse la définition, la réalisation et les tests d'un radar V.H.F. multifréquence et multipolarisation, travaillant dans une gamme allant de 20 à 100 MHz.
Ce système dénommé M.O.S.A.R. (Maquette Orientée pour un Système d'Analyse de Résonances) a pour objectif la mesure des sections efficaces radars d'avions dans cette gamme de fréquence, afin de fournir l'ensemble des connaissances qui permettront de concevoir un futur radar opérationnel, destiné à la détection et à l'identification des cibles aériennes.
Dans un premier temps, nous définissons les caractéristiques principales du système, telles que la largeur de l'impulsion émise, la période de récurrence, le nombre de fréquences utilisées, ... . Ensuite, nous construisons un radar à impulsions, monostatique, cohérent, commandé par ordinateur, capable de mesurer et d'enregistrer les signaux rétrodiffusés par des avions. Ce système emploie deux réseaux d'antennes différents pour l'émission et la réception, chacun de ces réseaux utilisant respectivement quatre antennes log-périodiques dipolaires. Les informations relatives aux cibles (amplitude, phase et fréquence Doppler) sont ensuite extraites par une analyse spectrale non linéaire haute résolution.
Nous évaluons les performances du radar et précisons les limites du système. Enfin, des résultats expérimentaux sont présentés et confirment les choix dans la définition et la réalisation du radar.
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