Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Professional legitimization"

This article proposes reconceptualizing professional knowledge in early childhood education and care (ECEC) as knowledges, incorporating phronesis (practical wisdom), techne (skill), and episteme (pure knowledge). Conceptualizing professional knowledge in the plural broadens perspectives on the professional knowledge base and opens up a discussion of how different forms of knowledge are acquired. Drawing on Bernstein, the author identifies ECEC as requiring horizontal and vertical constructs of knowledge that have different structures and legitimization processes. While phronesis is presented as being a part of ECEC professional knowledges, the discussion explores the difficulties in defining phronesis, because of the variable ways it is articulated.

This article affirms an indigenous perspective for Māori practitioners of professional supervision in the social sciences, particularly in the practice of Kaupapa Māori supervision. Definitions of supervision are discussed, Codes of Ethics are analysed and are provided a cultural response. Key problem areas of the current cultural supervision situation are identified and an analysis of those areas is deconstructed by asking questions of existing power relations within the sector. Accountability, representation, initiation, benefits and legitimization (Bishop Glynn, 1990) are the topics under scrutiny. The article reports on a reconstruction of some key solution areas as researched in a PhD study of Kaupapa Māori supervision, completed in 2013.

Contemporary Greek cinema garnered a great reputation in recent years, including Oscar nominations, numerous awards and distinctions in international festivals and also worldwide media coverage. The emergence of a new group of filmmakers whose creativity and avant-garde aesthetics were stimulated and heightened by the social and economic crisis was first marked by media critics (film critics and cultural journalists). As journalistic art criticism plays a prominent role in the legitimization of cultural products and artistic genres, this article examines the way in which professional film critics and journalists, both in Greece and abroad, described, evaluated and labelled the ‘Greek New Wave’. In line with cultural evaluation theories, we conducted a content analysis of film criticism articles in order to explore how professionals have reviewed and deployed their arguments towards this new phenomenon. Our results indicate that film criticism decisively influenced the Greek New Wave’s shaping and legitimization in the film industry. Even though film critics and journalists hesitated to adhere to a specific name for this phenomenon in Greek cinema, their discourses and interpretations have been based on the films’ break with previous film practices and representations of Greek society and the paradox between a ‘collapsing country’ and a flourishing arthouse cinema.

The article deals with career space in views of residents of Rostov region. The author analyzes the views of career opportunities, the place of work, the channels for employment and career advancement, the preferred occupations, limits of career and legitimization of career movements. It is stated that the movement in the career space is determined not so much by the professional resources, as by "family capital", and the lack of informal capital triggers rapid attainment of a career limit

Abstract This article investigates the institutionalization and the practices of charity that sustained imperial rule in the early modern Spanish Empire. The article proposes that the polycentric Spanish Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries faced a fundamental challenge in terms of justifying the extension of power beyond its original territory of legitimization through custom and (invented) history. This challenge was dealt with through recourse to an ideology of good governance in corporate society. It institutionalized differences across race/caste, urban/rural, professional, gender and other categories in collectives that held part of a layered and fragmented sovereignty. But unlike its modern successor empires and nation states, it did not have to rely systematically on the essentialization of difference. Thus, good governance could legitimize the extension of hegemony beyond the original territory of political legitimization and charity played a central role in this. A material caritative complex sui generis linked the moral economy of charity, which legitimized local elites, with their own financing needs and those of the imperial polity via the financial acumen of religious and charitable institutions.

Background The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has impacted health care systems, including employment, training, education, and professional regulation. It is incumbent on health professional associations to assist their membership in defining and preparing for AI-related change. Health professional associations, or the national groups convened to represent the interests of the members of a profession, play a unique role in establishing the sociocultural, normative, and regulative elements of health care professions. Objective The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for a proposed study of how, when faced with AI as a disruptive technology, health professional associations engage in sensemaking and legitimization of change to support their membership in preparing for future practice. Methods An exploratory multi-case study approach will be used. This study will be informed by the normalization process theory (NPT), which suggests behavioral constructs required for complex change, providing a novel lens through which to consider the agency of macrolevel actors in practice change. A total of 4 health professional associations will be studied, each representing an instrumental case and related fields selected for their early consideration of AI technologies. Data collection will consist of key informant interviews, observation of relevant meetings, and document review. Individual and collective sensemaking activities and action toward change will be identified using stakeholder network mapping. A hybrid inductive and deductive model will be used for a concurrent thematic analysis, mapping emergent themes against the NPT framework to assess fit and identify areas of discordance. Results As of January 2021, we have conducted 17 interviews, with representation across the 4 health professional associations. Of these 17 interviews, 15 (88%) have been transcribed. Document review is underway and complete for one health professional association and nearly complete for another. Observation opportunities have been challenged by competing priorities during COVID-19 and may require revisiting. A linear cross-case analytic approach will be taken to present the data, highlighting both guidance for the implementation of AI and implications for the application of NPT at the macro level. The ability to inform consideration of AI will depend on the degree to which the engaged health professional associations have considered this topic at the time of the study and, hence, what priority it has been assigned within the health professional association and what actions have been taken to consider or prepare for it. The fact that this may differ between health professional associations and practice environments will require consideration throughout the analysis. Conclusions Ultimately, this protocol outlines a case study approach to understand how, when faced with AI as a disruptive technology, health professional associations engage in sensemaking and legitimization of change to support their membership in preparing for future practice. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/27340

Based on observations and in-depth interviews with Catholic Religious Education teachers in Italy, this sociological study tackles “spirituality” as a register of legitimization in their professional settings. Compared with more established topics of “religious culture”, the motives of “spirituality” appear as a lesser category of justification in teachers’ discourse in two significant aspects: teaching about “spirituality” as a necessary component of human experience, and talking about their own relationship to “spirituality” as proof of sincere commitment and/or professionalism. Thus, in the context of teachers’ labor, “spirituality” constitutes an ambivalent category that can serve the purposes of Catholic institutions as well as forms of criticism of authority.

In this paper, teachers’ knowledge regarding statistical competences and curriculum documents, mobilized in the Collaborative Group for the Training of Teachers in Statistical Education (MoSaiCo Edu) is highlighted. Considering the Discourse of the collective subject technique, the audio transcription of seven group meetings was analyzed. As a result, one can describe signs of mobilization of professional teaching knowledge related to the insertion of statistics in documents and textbooks. This was noticeable with regard to learning and skills developed by students, with regard to statistical competences, such as educational goals and with regard to the specificities and importance of context and the conceptual and procedural domain of Statistics. In this way, spaces for collaborative work among teachers provide opportunities for sharing and building teaching practices and understanding, favoring the proposition of categories and the legitimization of a specific basis for professional practice and teaching of Statistics.

Cette thèse CIFRE, financée par une agence de communication, questionne à travers une perspective critique, les pratiques professionnelles des agences françaises de communication digitale, notamment celles utilisant les outils et méthodes Inbound. Nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement, à la manière dont elles mobilisent la conception centrée utilisateur : une notion qu’elles revendiquent et légitiment à travers leurs postures énonciatives. Pour poser les bases de notre réflexion, nous nous sommes d’abord intéressés à trois types de travaux en Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication. Le premier questionne les logiques socio-économiques des agences face aux enjeux du design UX. Quant au deuxième, il relate le processus d’institutionnalisation ou de professionnalisation de la communication, appréhendée comme un outil au service du développement économique de l’organisation. Le troisième interroge enfin, les reconfigurations professionnelles que peut susciter la manipulation d’entités matérielles dans une organisation.Sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons opté pour une démarche ethnométhodologique autour de deux études de cas. Il était question d’aborder le terrain du point de vue des professionnel·le·s évoluant dans deux agences et appréhender leurs pratiques au regard de la conception centrée utilisateur.Les résultats laissent percevoir dans un premier temps, les contours d’un processus de conception très technicisé, guidé par des outils (conçus majoritairement par Hubspot) qui interviennent comme des architextes. Contrairement au travail de légitimation mené par son groupe professionnel (Inbound Marketing France) sur les notions de conception centrée utilisateur, leurs usages participent, à détourner les pratiques de conception vers la « googletisation ». Elle renvoie ici à une activité de conception de supports et actions de communication numérique au cours de laquelle les concepteurs accordent le primat du processus de création aux logiques et préceptes de fonctionnement de Google, au risque d’appauvrir l’expérience vécue par l’utilisateur final. Dans un deuxième temps, nos résultats mettent en exergue la radiographie d’une activité de conception, marquée ou contrainte d’adopter une logique gestionnaire pour répondre à l’impératif d’efficacité marchande des donneurs d’ordre. Cela dit, nous assistons, contre toute attente, aux stratégies de ripostes des acteurs qui ne font pas que subir la position dominante d’un annonceur, à l’affût des moindres fluctuations des courbes de performance des actions et supports de communication. Les acteurs en agence mobilisent des figures et formes rhétoriques dans la mise en disposition des données de performance, y compris dans leurs interprétations. Des êtres extérieurs sont également appelés en renfort par les acteurs en agence, pour apporter une certaine objectivité indiscutable autour de leurs propos. L’usage des formes et figures rhétoriques ne se limite pas uniquement à la disposition et interprétation des données. Il s’invite en amont du processus, notamment dans la répartition des rôles assignés à l’équipe du commanditaire. Il prend la forme un processus de conception où l’équipe du commanditaire endosse sous le regard accompagnateur de l’agence, une posture d’acteur collaborateur à part entière. Selon l’état d’avancement du processus de conception, cette équipe du commanditaire mène à certains endroits, un travail solitaire en formulant dans des matrices à questions, ses représentations de l’usager final. Elle soumet également les solutions capables de faire progresser cet utilisateur final dans le parcours de consommation. Nous avons identifié cette façon de faire des acteurs en agence sous le terme de « rhétorique de la relation de commandite ». Il s’agit en réalité, d’une adaptation de ces agences face au processus d’internalisation des activités de communication mis en place par leurs clients
This CIFRE thesis, which is funded by a communication agency, uses a critical perspective to question the professional practices of French digital communication agencies, in particular those using inbound tools and methods. We were more particularly interested in the way they mobilise user-centred design: a notion that they claim and legitimise through their enunciative postures. As the basis of our thinking, we first looked at three types of work in information and communication sciences. The first questions the socio-economic logic of agencies faced with the challenges of UX design. The second relates the process of institutionalising or professionalising communication, which is seen as a tool for the economic development of the organisation. Finally, the third questions professional reconfigurations that can be caused by handling material entities in an organisation.In terms of methodology, we opted for an ethnomethodological approach based on two case studies. It was a question of approaching the issue from the perspective of professionals evolving into two agencies and understanding their practices in relation to the user-centred design.The results initially allow us to perceive the contours of a highly technical design process, guided by tools (mainly designed by Hubspot) which act as architexts. Unlike the legitimation work carried out by its professional group (Inbound Marketing France) on the concepts of user-centred design, their uses are involved in diverting design practices towards “googletisation”. This refers to designing digital communication media and actions during which the designers allow the logical structures and functional precepts of Google to have primacy over the creation process, at the risk of impoverishing the lived experience of the final user. Secondly, our results highlight the radiography of a design activity, which is labelled or forced to adopt a managerial structure to meet the market efficiency imperative of contractors. That said, we are witnessing, against expectations, the response strategies of players who do not merely experience the dominant position of an advertiser on the lookout for the slightest fluctuations in the performance curves of actions and communication media. Actors in agencies use rhetorical figures and forms to provide performance data, including in their interpretations. Third parties are also called in as reinforcements by the actors in the agency, to bring a certain indisputable objectivity to their words. The use of rhetorical forms and figures is not limited to the arrangement and interpretation of data. It is brought in ahead of the process, in particular to distribute the roles assigned to the commissioning team. It takes the form of a design process in which the commissioning team assumes, under the agency's accompanying gaze, the posture of a fully-fledged collaborating actor. Depending on the state of progress of the design process, in some areas this commissioning team has to do the solitary work of formulating its depictions of the end user in question matrices. It also submits solutions capable of advancing this end user along the consumption journey. We have identified this method of agency actors as “sponsorship relationship rhetoric”. In reality, it is an adaptation of these agencies to the process of internalising communication activities set up by their clients

Depuis plus de dix ans, l'émergence des pratiques de contrôle de gestion en environnement public ont donné lieu à de nombreuses contributions dont certaines abordent le rôle des contrôleurs dans cette dynamique de changement.L'objectif de ce travail est de comprendre les déterminants de la légitimité des contrôleurs de gestion dans cet environnement et de déterminer comment les individus qui incarnent cette fonction ont pu « survivre » jusqu'à présent dans des organisations d'ordinaires hostiles au contrôle. Nous nous appuyons pour cela sur une étude de cas que nous avons mené auprès du Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives. Quatre profils-types de contrôleurs y sont étudiés : le jeune premier, le nouveau converti, le caméléon et le conseiller du roi.Ce travail de recherche contribue donc à enrichir la connaissance de la fonction de contrôleur en liant notamment les différentes composantes de l'activité des contrôleurs autour de la recherche quotidienne de légitimité. Il permet également d'approfondir le rôle du contrôleur et de resituer l'individu dans le processus d'institutionnalisation du contrôle et dans la mise en œuvre du nouveau management public
For more than ten years, the development of management control practices inpublic sector gave rise to many researches which some, focus on role that accountants play.The aim of this paper is to understand the determinants of management accountants' legitimacy in professional bureaucracies and to define how individuals, who embody this function, had survived in this unfriendly environment. From a case study at the French Atomic Energy Commission, we highlight four profiles of management accountants: the young novice, the new convert, the chameleon and the king's advisor.The results show that the legitimacy of the controllers should not be studied through his generic definition. Instead, it must be considered as a polymorphic judgment based on manifold determinants. It also allows to replace the individual at the center of the study field of the new managerial practices in public organizations

Le clown, personnage culturel et social, se construit par l'interaction avec son public et son milieu d'intervention. Le fait que le clown corresponde si durablement dans les représentations à la caricature d'un personnage de cirque, amène à se demander si le clown n'est pas victime de son image, pourtant si positive il fut un temps. Ce constat amène à réfléchir directement sur l'identité des clowns et leur réalité actuelle. Comprendre comment et pourquoi les clowns ont évolué ces dernières années revient à questionner à la fois les éléments de permanence et d'unicité qui les constituent mais aussi les facteurs de variations et de variabilité de leur travail artistique. L'analyse des transformations passées et en cours de la figure du clown à travers un état des lieux sur la figure du clown puis la construction identitaire des nouveaux clowns et enfin leurs formes diverses et récentes, donne au sujet une profondeur et une compréhension plus vaste. Ce travail, relevant d'une approche sociologique, a pour objectif de rendre compte d'une identité, d'une profession et d'un art qui entrent en lien avec des enjeux sociaux, politiques et économiques des sociétés contemporaines et occidentales. Questionner les ressources que le clown met en œuvre à l'heure actuelle pour survivre est une façon de comprendre son identité sociale et par là, la société dans laquelle il vit. L'existence sociale des nouveaux clowns est en rapport constant avec les arts frères que sont la danse, le théâtre, le cirque, mais aussi avec les mondes des amuseurs publics que constituent par exemple les humoristes desquels ils se nourrissent et avec lesquels ils se confrontent dans un même temps
The clown, a cultural and social character, is shaped in interaction with his public and his environment. Yet, the fact that the figure of the clown is consistently associated with the caricatural representation of the circus character leads to question if the clown could be a victim of his own image, which was once so positive. Furthermore, this highlights the relevancy of reflecting directly on the identity of the clowns and their present reality. Understanding how and why the clown has evolved in recent years requires identifying the elements of durability and uniqueness which establish the clown, but also of the variations and variability of the artistic work. The analysis of both past and present transformations through an overview of the figure of the clown and the identity-building of the “new clowns” and finally, their diverse and recent forms, allows for a deeper and wider understanding of the subject. The objective of this thesis is, through a sociological approach, to highlight an identity, a profession and an art form and it's relation to social, political and economic issues in contemporary western societies. To question the resources that the clown must presently mobilize to survive allows an understanding of his social identity and thus also of the society in which he lives. The social existence of the “new clowns” is in constant interaction with related artistic disciplines such as dance, theater, and circus, but also with the worlds of public entertainers, for example humorists, in whom they find inspiration at the same time as grounds to confront ideas

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O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em investigar o processo de construção da identidade profissional de médicos que se dedicam à assistência a pacientes que apresentam doenças progressivas e ameaçadoras da continuidade existencial e que têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento dos Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil. Buscamos conhecer a trajetória profissional destes médicos desde a escolha da medicina como profissão até o encontro com a filosofia e a prática dos Cuidados Paliativos. Com este intuito, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas,colhidas segundo a metodologia de História Oral de Vida. Foram entrevistados seis médicos de diferentes especialidades que ocupam cargos diretivos em uma das associações profissionais voltadas para a disseminação e legitimação política e social dos Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil. Os depoentes se destacam no cenário nacional no que diz respeito às discussões sobre esta temática e mantêm contato com importantes instituições internacionais. Por esta razão, chamamos o conjunto de entrevistados de elite médica paliativista. Percebemos uma pobre interlocução entre os médicos paliativistas, o que se reflete na ausência de uma identidade integrada desse grupo profissional. Os entrevistados acentuaram as competências humanitárias necessárias ao bom exercício da Medicina Paliativa, mas, no entanto, não foram explicitadas as competências específicas a este campo profissional, que justificariam seu reconhecimento pelas entidades médicas competentes comouma nova área de atuação ou especialidade.

Public opinion has long been associated with diplomacy. The earliest records of public involvement in diplomacy are available from the city-states of ancient Greece, where diplomats in the Greek city-states were chosen by public assemblies following thorough public deliberations. However, the growth of a sense of professional community among diplomats following the rise of foreign ministries led to a gradual structuring of the communication patterns. Most generally, a cleavage started to appear between modes of communication in relation to actors within the professional community and in relation to actors outside it. Within the diplomatic community, communication followed the rules, norms, and procedures of emerging diplomatic practice and ceremony. Outside the diplomatic community, the patterns that emerged can be conceptualized along two paths: (1) information gathering, and (2) informing the public at home and abroad about foreign policy. Modern professional diplomacy has been seeking to strike a balance between limiting public access to diplomatic processes and trying to communicate with the public with the aim of generating a public opinion favorable to government foreign policy. The current information-intensive global environment poses a challenge to foreign ministries’ institutionalized mode of limited public communication along two dimensions: the rising importance of so-called public diplomacy, and the increasing need for public legitimization of foreign policy decisions.

Abstract This chapter examines the role of legitimacy in the institutional augmentation of journalists for news nerds. Analysis of interviews and industry documents suggests that news nerd legitimacy is manifested in three ways: as moral legitimacy through, for example, the increasing emphasis on news nerd skills at journalism schools; as pragmatic legitimacy through the increasing connection between news nerd output and audience engagement and business returns; and as cognitive legitimacy, through the increase in media coverage of news nerds and the awards won by their work. Regression analyses of journalist employment data provide systematic assessments of the relationship between legitimacy and news nerds at both the professional and organizational levels.

Abstract The study of the emergence and legitimization of modern professions in the Italian states has been attracting growing interest, proving to be an area where the methodological resources of historiography and social theory can be fruitfully combined.1 Among the most convincing results of this research is the connection between the creation of the new professional figures and the definition of the administrative and bureaucratic structure of the modern state, particularly in the Napoleonic period.

This chapter considers what it meant to call someone a poet in sixteenth-century Portugal. Drawing on word historical and sociological methods, the chapter focuses on the word poeta (poet) as it appears in the poetry of the period. Many writers sought to articulate the specialness of the poeta and their art, making distinctions between poetas and mere versifiers or those who were dismissed as writing only frivolous or slanderous verse. In a bid to legitimize a particular kind of poetry as valuable, writers compared the work of poets with that of other professionals such as lawyers, doctors, and builders. These moments of self-justification are taken here as versions of what has become known in sociology as ‘professional legitimization talk’. Horace emerges as an important figure in these discussions for modelling in his Ars poetica a kind of professional ethos that enables writers to regulate who belonged among the ranks of poetas and who did not. Horatian guidelines become in the period less extracts of an instruction manual and more of an oath of professional conduct.

Luthar focuses on Slovenian professional journalistic conventions and assumptions that serve as the legitimization of the representations and, in particular, on the ideological effects of the conventions of interviewing. She investigates the representation of the “refugee problem” in mainstream current affairs television journalism in Slovenia and uncovers systematic attempts to establish connections between the refugee problem and other topics, such as Islamic terrorism, the Manichean struggle between local left- and right-wing political parties over the definition of citizenship, and the suffering of the “ordinary people” during the economic crisis.

Abstract The chapter expands the notion of social distribution of expertise, arguing that increasingly, it is not only the organizations and professions surrounding expertise that are socially distributed. Also the institutions that traditionally have defined and legitimized expertise (in particular, news media) have become socially distributed—that is, they have lost their monopoly on the definition and legitimization of expertise. The social distribution of expertise suggests that organizations such as universities and institutionalized professional roles such as academics have lost their monopoly on expertise because of new types of knowledge-generating organizations and professions—think tanks, financial analysts, R&D-intensive private corporations, consultants, etc.—increasingly being viewed as expertise or experts. The chapter shows that news media and media pundits have lost their monopoly on recognizing and legitimizing expertise due to new (social) media and new media professions, such as influencers. Thus, not only expertise, but also the public recognition of expertise, has become socially distributed.

As specialist-level palliative care evolves in developed and developing countries, increasing numbers of social workers, chaplains, and pharmacists are participating as members of interdisciplinary teams. These disciplines are faced with a workforce that may be inadequately trained to meet increasingly complex patient needs. As a result, systematic efforts to provide education, training, and certification are appearing. In some countries, these efforts gain support and legitimization through legislative and reimbursement practices. In other countries, there are few opportunities for training as the disciplines involved struggle for recognition as core providers of palliative care. Countries with professional associations that have embraced the role in palliative care have produced more defined training curricula and a stronger presence, but the growth is uneven. This chapter explores the state of the science in teaching and training for specialist palliative social work, chaplaincy, and pharmacy.

Abstract This chapter outlines the distinction between two forms of open strategy: open innovation and open strategizing. The former is concerned mostly with “content” aspects of strategy, the latter with the processes of strategy “formation.” However, the chapter also suggests theoretical common grounds between scholars researching the two; in particular, communications theory, information theory, and practice theory. The chapter concentrates on practice theory, introducing the interdependent elements of practices, praxis, and practitioners. Existing approaches to practice theory in innovation and open innovation research are reviewed. The chapter offers four guiding principles for open innovation researchers taking a practice lens. It also proposes a range of research opportunities arising from practice theory, highlighting reflexivity with regard both to the legitimization of open innovation in contemporary business and to the role of open innovation researchers in the creation, maintenance, and governance of their professional field.

This chapter addresses the hybrid semi-civilian and semi-military institutional setting within which police codes of behavior emerged. On the one hand, police leadership held on tightly to military notions of etiquette, proper appearance, comradeship, and loyalty. This attitude became particularly apparent in police training. Not legal knowledge or administrational skills, but an imposing military habitus and access to lethal force were to provide the foundation for quality policing. On the other hand, being charged with civilian tasks, the policemen of the Landespolizei created a professional culture that increasingly introduced administrational techniques as modes of validation and legitimization. To them, it mattered that the job was done in accordance with an ever growing complex of decrees as well as that it was documented in proper form. In short, policemen were men of guns and paper—they injured and killed people “by the book.” This chapter returns to the significance of honor, demonstrating how the concern for proper appearance and performance was the most decisive factor in the emergence of a Landespolizei organizational culture.