Articoli di riviste: "Production engineering - Environmental aspects"

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Hoffmann, Józef, Krystyna Hoffmann, Magdalena Borowiec e Marta Huculak. "Environmental aspects of feed phosphates production". Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2009): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0005-2.

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Environmental aspects of feed phosphates production The risks resulting from the selected feed phosphates application in animal nutrition were analyzed. The results of the analyses of the fodder phosphates obtained in laboratory conditions were presented, including the toxic and disadvantageous substances with regard to their impact upon the environment.

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Paunović, Perica. "Electrometallurgy: electrochemical, economic and environmental (3E) aspects". Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 30, n. 1 (15 giugno 2011): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2011.72.

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This paper is concerned with electrolysis processes aimed for production and refining of metals. This engineering field is named electrometallurgy. The main aspects of electrometallurgy such as electrochemical, energetic/economic and environmental ones are given. The peculiarity of electrorefining and electrowining in both aqueous electrolytes and molten salts are shown. The impact of energetic parameters, such as cell voltage and current efficiency on the economic justification of the electrolysis process is analyzed. It is emphasized that electrolysis is considerably cleaner technology than the pyrometallurgical production and refining of metals.

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Dobson, Andrew. "Genetic Engineering and Environmental Ethics". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6, n. 2 (1997): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007817.

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When God gave humankind dominion over the earth he may not have known exactly what we would be able to do with it. The technical capacities to which the production and reproduction of our everyday life have given rise have grown at an astonishing and, it seems, ever-increasing rate. The instruments that we use to do work on the world have become sharper and more refined, and the implications of human interventions in the nonhuman environment are much more far-reaching than could have been imagined even forty years ago. It has become something of a cliche to say that our technical abilities have outstripped the wisdom to know when, where, and how we should appropriately use them, but techniques such as genetic engineering invite the dusting-off of the cliche and the asking of the question implicit in it: We know we can splice genes, but should we splice them? We might of course come to the conclusion that we should only splice some of them some of the time, but even arriving at that conclusion presupposes that the ethical question has been asked and answered.

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Ozola, Zanda U., Rudite Vesere, Silvija N. Kalnins e Dagnija Blumberga. "Paper Waste Recycling. Circular Economy Aspects". Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2019): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0094.

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Abstract Paper waste is a raw material for a lot of products with different added value. The engineering, economic and environmental aspects of paper waste recycling are analysed for production of composite material, cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals, bricks with paper components, porous carbon, film of biopolymer, enzymatic sugar and bioenergy: bioethanol, hydrogen and biofuel. Through multicriteria analysis, it was possible to determine the most feasible paper waste recycling product in case of four product groups: egg packaging boxes, cardboard, reused paper, cellulose nanomaterials (nanofibers and nanocrystals). The production of cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals has an advantage over egg packaging and cardboard production as well as reusable paper.

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Martins, Roberta Guimarães, Igor Severo Gonçalves, Michele Greque de Morais e Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa. "Bioprocess Engineering Aspects of Biopolymer Production by the CyanobacteriumSpirulinaStrain LEB 18". International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/895237.

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Microbial biopolymers can replace environmentally damaging plastics derived from petrochemicals. We investigated biopolymer synthesis by the cyanobacteriumSpirulinastrain LEB 18. Autotrophic culture used unmodified Zarrouk medium or modified Zarrouk medium in which the NaNO3content was reduced to 0.25 g L−1and the NaHCO3content reduced to 8.4 g L−1or increased to 25.2 g L−1. Heterotrophic culture used modified Zarrouk medium containing 0.25 g L−1NaNO3with the NaHCO3replaced by 0.2 g L−1, 0.4 g L−1, or 0.6 g L−1of glucose (C6H12O6) or sodium acetate (CH3COONa). Mixotrophic culture used modified Zarrouk medium containing 0.25 g L−1NaNO3plus 16.8 g L−1NaHCO3with the addition of 0.2 g L−1, 0.4 g L−1, or 0.6 g L−1of glucose or sodium acetate. The highest biopolymer yield was 44% when LEB 18 was growing autotrophically in media containing 0.25 g L−1NaNO3and 8.4 g L−1NaHCO3.

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Zueva, Svetlana, Andrey A. Kovalev, Yury V. Litti, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Valentina Innocenzi e Ida De Michelis. "Environmental and Economic Aspects of Biomethane Production from Organic Waste in Russia". Energies 14, n. 17 (24 agosto 2021): 5244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175244.

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According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), only a tiny fraction of the full potential of energy from biomass is currently exploited in the world. Biogas is a good source of energy and heat, and a clean fuel. Converting it to biomethane creates a product that combines all the benefits of natural gas with zero greenhouse gas emissions. This is important given that the methane contained in biogas is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2). The total amount of CO2 emission avoided due to the installation of biogas plants is around 3380 ton/year, as 1 m3 of biogas corresponds to 0.70 kg of CO2 saved. In Russia, despite the huge potential, the development of bioenergy is rather on the periphery, due to the abundance of cheap hydrocarbons and the lack of government support. Based on the data from an agro-industrial plant located in Central Russia, the authors of the article demonstrate that biogas technologies could be successfully used in Russia, provided that the Russian Government adopted Western-type measures of financial incentives.

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Da Silva, L. M., L. A. De Faria e J. F. C. Boodts. "Green processes for environmental application. Electrochemical ozone production". Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, n. 12 (1 gennaio 2001): 1871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173121871.

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Several aspects of electrochemical ozone production (EOP) on b-PbO2 were investigated. The morphology of the electrode material was determined in situ using extensive (total, external, and internal differential capacity) and intensive parameters (the morphology factor, j) permitting comparison with results of other laboratories if appropriate electrode characterization parameters are available. The influence of the nature of the supporting electrolyte on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)/EOP processes was investigated using polarization curves, recorded under quasi-stationary conditions, point-by-point polarization, and chronopotentiometry. The performance of the several b-PbO2/electrolyte system was evaluated using the apparent specific power criterion. A detailed mechanism for EOP is proposed.

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Ghose, Agneta, e Gary Chinga-Carrasco. "Environmental aspects of Norwegian production of pulp fibres and printing paper". Journal of Cleaner Production 57 (ottobre 2013): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.019.

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Pritts, Marvin P. "USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATIONS IN SMALL FRUIT PRODUCTION". HortScience 25, n. 9 (settembre 1990): 1178e—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1178e.

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Manipulating light, temperature, moisture, and nutrients to favor plant growth and productivity is an important component of horticulture. The technology required to achieve such manipulation ranges from inexpensive, basic practices to elaborate, costly approaches involving the latest engineering advances. For example, pruning and mulching are relatively low-tech methods for improving light interception and soil moisture status in small fruit plantings. At the opposite extreme are glass houses with supplemental lighting, CO2 enrichment, and nutrient film hydroponic systems Of greatest value to small fruit growers, however, is technology that ran be applied in field situations, such as the use of overhead irrigation for maintaining soil moisture status, frost protection, and evaporative cooling. One of the greatest challenges to small fruit growers and rcsearchers is integrating new technology into production systems. The introduction of a new technique for environmental modification usually has indirect effects on other aspects of management, which may require additional technology to compensate for adverse changes while maintaining the favorable change. In addition, unique macro- and microclimates demand and market opportunities, specific solutions, and the result is a dynamic, diverse collage of production systems used by growers throughout the world.

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Vijatov, Tatjana, Gordana Dražić e Filip Jovanović. "Environmental aspects of biological wastewater treatment by different methods and microorganisms". Sustainable Forestry: Collection, n. 81-82 (2020): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2081133v.

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The biological treatment of wastewaters (municipal and industrial) is an important topic in the field of biochemistry and biotechnology, as well as in the field of environmental engineering. It has many advantages, such as the simple operation of the basic bioreactor, the potential for the production of valuable bioproducts and efficient wastewater treatment in a short time. However, the biological wastewater treatment also has certain downsides, such as air pollution in places which are near bio-lagoons, and endangering the health of personnel involved in this process. By studying and analyzing data from the reference literature, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of information on microorganisms involved in the wastewater treatment process, the factors with a negative effect on their development, as well as the negative effects of these microorganisms and the biological wastewater treatment process on the environment.

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Jongebreur, A. A., e L. Speelman. "Future trends in agricultural engineering". Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45, n. 1 (1 luglio 1997): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i1.522.

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Beside traditional mechanical engineering, other engineering branches such as electronics, control engineering and physics play their specific role within the agricultural engineering field. Agricultural engineering has affected and stimulated major changes in agriculture. In the last decades agricultural engineering has also focused on environmental aspects. Nowadays knowledge and expertise generated in several agricultural and environmental engineering fields must be integrated with expertise of biological and socio-economic sciences. In the evolution towards sustainable agricultural systems important contributions can be made. The re-design of production systems and their technology can help to achieve ecologically sound and economically viable agriculture and its acceptance in the community. Mechanization and automation, structures and environment, labour and management, and energy and water are discussed.

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Mizik, Tamás. "Economic Aspects and Sustainability of Ethanol Production—A Systematic Literature Review". Energies 14, n. 19 (26 settembre 2021): 6137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196137.

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Meeting the increasing global energy demand in a sustainable way is a major challenge for humanity. One of the solutions in the transportation sector is ethanol, which is currently the only economically viable direct fuel substitute. In addition to the first-generation technology, which provides the vast majority of production, better results can be continuously realized by using advanced technologies. This study aims to investigate the economic aspects and sustainability issues of ethanol production with a systematic literature review. During the selection process, 64 studies from a total of 16,141 identified articles were analyzed in-depth. There is a consensus that first-generation production methods cannot result in a long-term solution. However, advanced technologies are currently immature, and ethanol production is more expensive with them. The use of wastes/residues and coproducts can improve both the economic outlook and sustainability of the advanced technologies. Overall, the newer generations of technological advancements are constantly improving the environmental performance, whereas the economic performance is deteriorating. Considering low oil prices (0.36 USD/L), none of the ethanol production methods can be competitive on a purely cost basis. This increases the importance of coproducts (further processing and more valuable coproducts). Regarding sustainability, a complex analysis is essential, which must cover at least the environmental, social, and economic aspects. At the methodology level, a complex life cycle analysis seems to be the best tool, as it can take into account these relevant aspects (environmental, economic, and social).

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Granovskii, Mikhail, Ibrahim Dincer e Marc A. Rosen. "Environmental and economic aspects of hydrogen production and utilization in fuel cell vehicles". Journal of Power Sources 157, n. 1 (giugno 2006): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.044.

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Rasburskis, Nerijus, Juozas Gudzinskas e Jonas Gylys. "COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PRODUCTION: SOCIO‐ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, n. 1 (31 marzo 2006): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636369.

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The paper is based on the study of Lithuania facing the need for huge investments in both the replacement of the Ignalina nuclear power station and the replacement of district heating production units in many of the existing systems. Lithuania has a big technical potential for implementing small‐scale combined heat and power production (CHP) systems. Meanwhile, such implementation needs public regulation to become feasible not only from a socio‐economic, but also from a business economic point of view. The study focuses upon the analysis of methods for the incorporation of technical, economical and environmental considerations into large‐scale investment decision‐making in the energy sector. The research study could be a guideline for determination of national potential for high efficiency CHP not only from the technical, but both the economical and the environmental point of view. Based upon the results of the study investigation and analysis, areas for improvement in current energy sector investment decision-making processes are highlighted, and areas for further research are recommended.

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Ehdwall, H., B. T. Holmberg e K. Farzar. "Radiological and legal aspects of energy production by burning peat". Science of The Total Environment 45 (ottobre 1985): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90205-0.

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Liu, Chang Qing. "Comparison of Principal Factors between China Actual Environmental Risk (CAER) and China Zero Environmental Risk (CZER): Project Angle". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (luglio 2012): 2263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2263.

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Studies on comparison of principal factors between CAER (China Actual Environmental Risk) and CZER (China Zero Environmental Risk) from Project Angle are seldom found, so we studied the theme above in this thesis. By analysis, we have known that on one hand, there are such aspects in common as projects for resources excavation, and refinement, etc., projects for primary industries, other non-living projects, waste disposal, and general management between CAER and CZER. On the other hand, they are different in such aspects as chemical engineering projects and living projects only for CAER, and energy projects and public construction projects only for CZER. And our related advice is as follows: first, strict management on production of waste from such projects as public construction projects, resources excavation and refinement, natural resources, projects for primary industries, and other non-living projects. Secondly great encouragement to environment-friendly technological innovations in waste disposal, etc..

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Pier, J. W., e T. A. Doerge. "Concurrent Evaluation of Agronomic, Economic, and Environmental Aspects of Trickle‐Irrigated Watermelon Production". Journal of Environmental Quality 24, n. 1 (gennaio 1995): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400010011x.

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Nagy, Balázs József, Magdolna Makó, István Erdélyi, Andrea Ramirez, Jonathan Moncada, Iris Vural Gursel, Ana Ruiz-Martínez et al. "MAB2.0 project: Integrating algae production into wastewater treatment". EuroBiotech Journal 2, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2018): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2018-0003.

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Abstract Different species of microalgae are highly efficient in removing nutrients from wastewater streams and are able to grow using flue gas as a CO2 source. These features indicate that application of microalgae has a promising outlook in wastewater treatment. However, practical aspects and process of integration of algae cultivation into an existing wastewater treatment line have not been investigated. The Climate-KIC co-funded Microalgae Biorefinery 2.0 project developed and demonstrated this integration process through a case study. The purpose of this paper is to introduce this process by phases and protocols, as well as report on the challenges and bottlenecks identified in the case study. These standardized technical protocols detailed in the paper help to assess different aspects of integration including biological aspects such as strain selection, as well as economic and environmental impacts. This process is necessary to guide wastewater treatment plants through the integration of algae cultivation, as unfavourable parameters of the different wastewater related feedstock streams need specific attention and management. In order to obtain compelling designs, more emphasis needs to be put on the engineering aspects of integration. Well-designed integration can lead to operational cost saving and proper feedstock treatment enabling algae growth.

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He, Fei, Ettore Murabito e Hans V. Westerhoff. "Synthetic biology and regulatory networks: where metabolic systems biology meets control engineering". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, n. 117 (aprile 2016): 20151046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.1046.

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Metabolic pathways can be engineered to maximize the synthesis of various products of interest. With the advent of computational systems biology, this endeavour is usually carried out through in silico theoretical studies with the aim to guide and complement further in vitro and in vivo experimental efforts. Clearly, what counts is the result in vivo , not only in terms of maximal productivity but also robustness against environmental perturbations. Engineering an organism towards an increased production flux, however, often compromises that robustness. In this contribution, we review and investigate how various analytical approaches used in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are related to concepts developed by systems and control engineering. While trade-offs between production optimality and cellular robustness have already been studied diagnostically and statically, the dynamics also matter. Integration of the dynamic design aspects of control engineering with the more diagnostic aspects of metabolic, hierarchical control and regulation analysis is leading to the new, conceptual and operational framework required for the design of robust and productive dynamic pathways.

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Haarstad, Ketil, e Trond Maehlum. "Important aspects of long-term production and treatment of municipal solid waste leachate". Waste Management & Research 17, n. 6 (dicembre 1999): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9901700611.

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Faber, Michael Havbro, Daniel Straub e Jean Goyet. "Unified Approach to Risk-Based Inspection Planning for Offshore Production Facilities". Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 125, n. 2 (16 aprile 2003): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1555116.

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Based on new methodological developments in the area of risk-based inspection planning (RBI) for structural components subject to fatigue degradation, the present paper presents a unified approach to risk-based inspection planning for offshore facilities comprising components and systems of both the structural and process type. Suggestions are given for the formulation of acceptance criteria on component level based on overall facility acceptance criteria in terms of risk to personnel, environmental risks and economical risks. The methodology facilitates a generic modeling of fatigue and corrosion degradation for both structural and process type components. Furthermore, special considerations are given to the important aspect of updating of inspection plans when degradation has been observed. The different aspects of RBI for steel components subject to fatigue and corrosion degradation are illustrated on an example considering RBI for the components of a tripod well-head platform.

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Kundrák, János, e Gyula Varga. "Possibility of Reducing Environmental Load in Hard Machining". Key Engineering Materials 496 (dicembre 2011): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.496.205.

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Abstract. The development of metal machining processes and procedures has been characterized by aiming at accuracy and economy for decades. The applied coolants and lubricants helped this process; however, they are polluting the environment. For today that is a social demand and technical possibility that environmental aspects should predominate better in production engineering. In the frame of this article, through the application of dry hard turning we shall spotlight on its economy and efficiency. We shall prove that, keeping the same accuracy and economic efficiency, it is possible to choose a machining process by which the environmental load can be reduced compared to the most frequently applied grinding.

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Maurer, M., P. Schwegler e T. A. Larsen. "Nutrients in urine: energetic aspects of removal and recovery". Water Science and Technology 48, n. 1 (1 luglio 2003): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0011.

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The analysis of different removal and recovery techniques for nutrients in urine shows that in many cases recovery is energetically more efficient than removal and new-production from natural resources. Considering only the running electricity and fossil energy requirements for the traditional way of wastewater treatment and fertiliser production, the following specific energy requirements can be calculated: 45 MJ kg-1N for denitrification in a WWTP, 49 MJ kg-1P for P-precipitation in a WWTP, 45 MJ kg-1N for N-fertiliser and 29 MJ kg-1P for P-fertiliser production. These numbers are higher than the values derived for thermal volume reduction of urine (35 MJ kg-1N for eliminating 90% water) or production of struvite (102 MJ kg-1N, including 2.2 kg P). Considering only the electricity and fossil energy for the traditional way of wastewater treatment and fertiliser production, the energy value of 1 PE urine is 0.87 MJ PE-1d-1 (fertiliser value: 0.44, wastewater treatment: 0.43 MJ PE-1d-1). A more detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of the entire urine collection system, including the required materials and the environmental burden, support the energy analysis. The LCA compares conventional denitrification in a wastewater treatment plant with collecting urine in households, reducing the volume by evaporation and using it as a multi-nutrient fertiliser. The primary energy consumption for recovery and reuse of urine, including the nutrients N, P and K, is calculated with 65 MJ kg-1N, compared with 153 MJ kg-1N derived for the conventional 'recycling over the atmosphere'.

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Suganya, S., e P. Senthil Kumar. "Evaluation of environmental aspects of brew waste-based carbon production and its disposal scenario". Journal of Cleaner Production 202 (novembre 2018): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.143.

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El-Mowelhi, N. M., S. M. S. Abo Soliman, S. M. Barbary e M. I. El-Shahawy. "Agronomic aspects and environmental impact of reusing marginal water in irrigation: a case study from Egypt". Water Science and Technology 53, n. 9 (1 aprile 2006): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.275.

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Egypt produces approximately 2.4 million m3 of secondary treated wastewater (TWW) annually, used for irrigation directly or indirectly by blending with agricultural drainage water (BDW). The annual re-use of (BDW) is approximately 4 million m3. The safe and efficient use of marginal water (BDW and TWW) is a core objective of this study which has been operating from 1997 to date. After six growing seasons the main results can be summarized as follows: Maximizing crop production: TWW can be used for high production of oil crops (canola, soybean sunflower or maize) compared to fresh water, while BDW can be used for high production of tolerant crops (cotton and sugar beet). Crop quality: using marginal water increases the concentration of elements (Pb, B, Ni, Co) in all crops but these elements were under critical levels (there were no toxicity hazards). It is better to use alternative irrigation with fresh water under a drip irrigation system to maximise crop production and minimise the adverse effects of such water in field crops quality. Soil pollution and salinity build up: A drip irrigation system under alternative irrigation by fresh with TWW or BDW reduces salinity build up risks and the levels of elements (Pb, B, Ni, Co) in soil compared to re-use marginal water. Soil pathogens: using marginal water slightly contaminated the soil with total faecal coliform (TFC), mites, shigella and salmonella Plant anatomy: No great changes in anatomical disturbance where induced in different structures of plants which were reduced at maturity stage. Primary guidelines for re-using marginal water: From obtained results it can be recommended to use marginal water with salinity content ranged between 1.1 to 3. 64 dS/m, and elemental contents (Pb 3.0–3.51 ppm), (B 0.05–1.67 ppm), (Co 0.04–0.07 ppm), (Ni 0.08–0.15 ppm) for safe (field, vegetable and medicinal) crops production. Reuse bio solids for crop production: Sewage sludge produced from treated wastewater can be safely used by mixing with rice straw (1:1 w/w) for economic crop production and saving mineral fertilisers. General conclusion: In the North Nile Delta, marginal water (especially BDW) can be safely used without significant negative impact on the environment, but there is a need for multi-disciplinary, long-term research to investigate irrigation with marginal water in terms of the environment, public health and agricultural productivity.

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Plonka, Przemyslaw M., e Maja Grabacka. "Melanin synthesis in microorganisms--biotechnological and medical aspects." Acta Biochimica Polonica 53, n. 3 (2 settembre 2006): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2006_3314.

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Melanins form a diverse group of pigments synthesized in living organisms in the course of hydroxylation and polymerization of organic compounds. Melanin production is observed in all large taxa from both Pro- and Eukaryota. The basic functions of melanins are still a matter of controversy and speculation, even though their adaptative importance has been proved. Melanogenesis has probably evolved parallel in various groups of free living organisms to provide protection from environmental stress conditions, but in pathogenic microorganisms it correlates with an increased virulence. The genes responsible for melanization are collected in some cases within operons which find a versatile application in genetic engineering. This review summarizes current views on melanogenesis in Pro- and Eukaryotic microorganisms in terms of their biotechnological and biomedical importance.

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Ehman, Nanci, e María Cristina Area. "Bioplastics are revolutionizing the packaging industry". BioResources 16, n. 3 (1 maggio 2021): 4663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.4663-4666.

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The production of bioplastics is a growing trend. The utilization of renewable sources, in some cases currently wasted, to replace petroleum derivatives, is providing opportunities to achieve more environmentally friendly product life cycles. The possibility of producing biodegradable products under normal environmental conditions is another goal of recent studies. This editorial summarizes current aspects in the production of bioplastics. We highlight new studies that make it possible to obtain biodegradable composites using a natural, renewable, high availability, and low-cost material, such as cellulose.

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Alves de Oliveira, Regiane, Andrea Komesu, Carlos Eduardo Vaz Rossell e Rubens Maciel Filho. "Challenges and opportunities in lactic acid bioprocess design—From economic to production aspects". Biochemical Engineering Journal 133 (maggio 2018): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2018.03.003.

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Hitch, Michael. "Advances In Mining Engineering Education: A Case For Learning Communities". International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 5, n. 2 (7 maggio 2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v5i2.4469.

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Mining engineering involves the design, planning and management of operations for the development, production and eventual rehabilitation of resource extraction. These activities draw on a diverse set of skills. University of British Columbia mining engineers have traditionally been highly regarded for their strengths in the technical aspects of mining and mineral process but also for their understanding of the application of principles of sustainability and social responsibility. The current view of the UBC Mining curriculum demands the integration of aspects of environmental and social sciences shaping the future of tertiary engineering education. The solution is developing a curriculum that is focused on key learning objectives that are a reflection of all these external pressures. This paper examines the challenge of curriculum reform and the emergence of learning communities at the Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering at the University of British Columbia, Canada.

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Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, e Józef Mosiej. "ASPECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON SHORT ROTATION PLANTATIONS (SRP) IN POLAND". JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, n. 3 (30 settembre 2007): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636927.

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The use of wastewater on short rotation plantations (SRP) can be an effective way of wastewater treatment as well as a source of water and nutrients for growing plants. Wastewater nutrient reusing is necessary, especially in the case of nutrients which come from non‐renewable resources, as phosphorus. The production of mineral fertilisers is usually a resource‐consuming and energy‐consuming process. Nutrient removal from wastewater in conventional wastewater treatment technologies is also energy‐consuming and expensive. That's why the reuse of nutrients from the waste streams is very important from both economic and environmental point of view. Taking into consideration climatic conditions (annual precipitation, temperature, length of vegetation period), environmental goals (concerning reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increase of share of renewable energy in total energy production and protection of water resources) and other social and economic aspects, there is a large potential of fast‐growing plant species development in Poland. To obtain high and stable energy biomass production, irrigation and fertilisation will be needed, what in simple and low‐cost way, can be realised by irrigation with wastewater.

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Park, Jo-Yong, Sungyup Jung, Yong-Gyu Na, Cheol-Hwan Jeon, Hwa-Yeon Cheon, Eun-Young Yun, Sang-hoon Lee, Eilhann E. Kwon e Jae-Kon Kim. "Biodiesel production from the black soldier fly larvae grown on food waste and its fuel property characterization as a potential transportation fuel". Environmental Engineering Research 27, n. 3 (25 marzo 2021): 200704–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.704.

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Insects have a great potential to be used as feedstocks for biodiesel production due to their intrinsic high lipid contents. In particular, biodiesel production from black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is promising because of its advantages in engineering aspects such as a rapid proliferation, more lipid storage due to long-development time in larva stage, self-separation from organic waste. In this study, biodiesel was synthesized through (trans)esterification of BSFL grown on food waste to achieve both biofuel production from organic waste materials. In addition, all fuel properties of the biodiesel were examined to evaluate its feasibility as a potential transportation fuel in Korea. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained in this study was 86.51%. All the parameters of biodiesel produced from BSFL satisfied the Korea fuel standard (KS M 2965) except oxidation stability. The quality criterion of oxidation stability met the fuel standard with an addition of small quantity of <i>tert</i>-butylhydroquinone.

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Sa'id, Nur Ali, Amar Ma'ruf e Delfitriani Delfitriani. "Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Produksi Tahu Sumedang (Studi Kasus Di Pabrik Tahu XY Kecamatan Conggeang)". JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL 6, n. 1 (7 aprile 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jah.v6i1.2681.

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Feasibility analiysis of Mirasa’s tofu production business is a factory that produces traditional food typical of the Sumedang district. This production utilizes the marketing sector and marketing location which is located near the sub-district traditional market. This study aims to analyze the business of tofu Sumedang in Mirasa tofu factory which includes non0financial aspects (Marke aspects,marketing,engineering,management,legal,social and environmental), and financial aspects. Based on non-financial results hat the non-financial aspects affect the operation of tofu mirasa prodkction business. Based on the results of the calculation of financial aspects it is feasible to carry out the NVP value generated for 10 years Rp. 579,177,261 -, with production capacity per month producing tofu 216.000 seed and 6.806 kg tofu dregs per mounth. The IRR obtained is 0,41% where the IRR is more than 0%. Net B / C obtained is 2,92, this means, every Rp. 1 spent on running this business will generate net benefits of Rp.2,92. The payback period obtained is 2,63 years. The sensitivity analysis for this project shows an increase in operational / production costs of 10%, an increase in raw materials and additional materials by 20% and a decrease in selling prices by 10% which does not affect this business.

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Khan, M. A., Tareq Al-Attas, Soumyabrata Roy, Muhammad M. Rahman, Noreddine Ghaffour, Venkataraman Thangadurai, Stephen Larter, Jinguang Hu, Pulickel M. Ajayan e Md Golam Kibria. "Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production: a solution looking for a problem?" Energy & Environmental Science 14, n. 9 (2021): 4831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ee00870f.

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This study assesses research and development needs for direct seawater electrolysis from energy, cost and environmental aspects and presents a forward-looking perspective on future R&D priorities in desalination and electrolysis technologies.

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34

Goyal, Liza, e Sunil Khanna. "Recent Advances in Microbial Production of Butanol as a Biofuel". International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, n. 2 (26 giugno 2019): 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i2.24630.

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Abstract (sommario):

In lieu of rising crude oil prices, exhaustion of petroleum feed stocks and environmental challenges, only renewable fuels have the potential to match the energy requirements of the future. Among the various renewable fuels, butanol has recently gained a lot of attention because of its advantages over other biofuels. Its microbial production by clostridia through ABE fermentation is being explored for improved yield and cost effectiveness. Using lignocellulosic wastes successfully for butanol production through ABE fermentation is a major breakthrough to deal with the future energy crisis. Genetic engineering of microbes to increase the carbon and redox balance, cell recycling, media optimization, mathematical modelling and tolerance improvement strategies are being attempted to overcome the hurdles of high production cost, by products formation leading to low yield and product toxicity. Along with genetic engineering major research is cantered on heterologous host engineering for improved butanol production and tolerance. This review highlights the recent advances in improving yield and tolerance to butanol in both Clostridial and heterologous hosts from genetic engineering and fermentation methodology aspects. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 130-152

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35

Kuriqi, Alban, António N. Pinheiro, Alvaro Sordo-Ward e Luis Garrote. "Flow regime aspects in determining environmental flows and maximising energy production at run-of-river hydropower plants". Applied Energy 256 (dicembre 2019): 113980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113980.

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36

Bramble, Tom. "Political Economy and Management Strategy in the Metal and Engineering Industry". Journal of Industrial Relations 31, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218568903100102.

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The study of industrial relations management has been a long-neglected aspect of the Australian scene. Recent changes in the balance of power on the shop floor in the aftermath of prolonged recession in the metal and engineering industry, however, make such neglect an expensive luxury. This article looks at four aspects of management t strategy: the labour relations management function, relations with the unions at the workplace, attitudes to employee involvement, and attitudes to the employment relationship. The suggestion, in the light of secondary evidence and a series of fourteen case studies in the Victorian and New South Wales metal industry, is that three variables are important in helping to explain the direction that labour relations management has taken in recent years. These are the 'labour threat: the reorganization of production methods, and changes to the legal and institutional framework. It was found that management in those plants in which exposure to these three environmental pressures was similar responded with fairly similar labour relations management practices, suggesting that there may indeed be a link between the key variables.

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Gudmestad, O. T. "New Concepts, Environment and Model Testing". Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 115, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1993): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920091.

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Abstract (sommario):

With continued low oil prices, there is a need to develop low-cost production platforms for marginal and deep water. On the other hand, there is an increasing awareness related to safety and environmental aspects. These constraints call for a high degree of innovation and integrity. The scientists and engineers working in this climate cannot accept simplification and shortcuts and it is important that proper engineering, testing and design be carried out. It is appreciated that the management of operating companies acknowledge the importance of safe design to protect lives, the environment, and their investments.

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Malovanyy, Myroslav, Oleg Blazhko, Halyna Sakalova e Tamara Vasylinych. "Ecological Aspects of Clay Sorption Materials Usage in Leather and Fur Production Technologies". Materials Science Forum 1038 (13 luglio 2021): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.276.

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The work is devoted to solving the current problem of increasing the level of environmental safety of treatment industrial wastewater of leather production from chromium ions (III) through the use of natural and modified bentonite. The studies of natural and modified bentonite use in the adsorption of Cr3 + ions were conducted. The influence of the process duration on the sorption efficiency of chromium ions was studied. Studies were conducted to use spent bentonite in tanning and filling processes. The efficiency of modification of montmorillonite has been proved and the expediency of using mineral dispersion for qualitative formation of the structure and properties of the leather during tanning has been established.

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39

Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar, e Faisal Alanezi. "Incorporation of Sustainability Concepts into the Engineering Core Program by Adopting a Micro Curriculum Approach: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia". Sustainability 12, n. 7 (5 aprile 2020): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072901.

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Abstract (sommario):

Higher education institutions are increasingly pursuing sustainable development goals in engineering and technology education. The concepts related to operations, production, and consumption continue to gain importance and significance for engineering students. In the engineering profession, the incorporation of sustainability means integrating environmental, economic, and social factors into the evaluation of design processes, products, and services. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an engineering program that along with the technical content, also fosters a critical sense regarding the social and environmental aspects of the field. The current status of sustainability education in engineering programs offered in Saudi universities is not very promising. In this paper, we explore the use of existing university curricula to incorporate sustainability elements into engineering education and training. Sustainability concepts were introduced into selected courses by using a micro-curriculum approach. Moreover, a standalone course is also introduced. We observed that this approach has been successful in integrating sustainability into the engineering curriculum. We recommend that such an approach be used to develop sustainability awareness in engineering programs.

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Mydlarz, Katarzyna, Sławomir Mydlarz e Marek Wieruszewski. "Economic and environmental aspects of technologies for surface treatment of selected wood-based composites". BioResources 16, n. 2 (22 febbraio 2021): 2696–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2696-2713.

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Research for new solutions in the field of wood-based materials and possibilities of their refinement is prompted by both market needs and increasingly restrictive environmental regulations. Many opportunities in this area are created by modern industrial technologies and constantly improved varnishing products as well. The observed trend indicating the usage of increasingly advanced technologies for the refining of wood-based materials in plants producing these composites confirms such activities and it creates new market opportunities. The correlations between the consumption of varnishing materials and the VOC index depending on the application technology were established. The economic and environmental benefits of the refining process concerning wood-based materials in their production plants were shown for both the manufacturers of the refinished composites and their buyers.

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41

Laiblová, Lenka, Tomáš Vlach, Michal Ženíšek, Anuj Kumar e Petr Hájek. "Comparison of Different Types of Glass Reinforcement for HPC Facade Elements from Mechanical and Economical Aspects". Key Engineering Materials 722 (dicembre 2016): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.286.

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Concrete as the one of the most used material in civil engineering has also a very high negative environmental impact. In recent years’ environmental parameters of all building materials become the most important aspect. Especially reduction of concrete is becoming a very hot topic around the word because it can lead to the reduction of environmental impacts especially the consumption of primary energy, primary non-renewable materials and CO2 production. Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is one of the possibilities to reduce amount of concrete in the structures. It is possible to design very thin structures because of non-corrosive properties of textile reinforcement and thus distinctly reduce the thickness. Combination with high performance concrete (HPC) allows to creating construction with mechanical properties on a required high level. This paper presents mechanical and economical comparison of different types of AR-glass reinforcement for HPC facade elements with the same amount of concrete.

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42

Li, Jie, e Ming Qin Guo. "The Technical and Economic Analysis about Recycled Concrete". Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (ottobre 2011): 1614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1614.

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Concrete is one of the most widely used engineering building material. Using waste concrete to produce recycled aggregate applying in concrete has been highly valued in developed countries, and has achieved significant economic and environmental benefits. China's current large-scale urban construction and road network renovation throughout the country generated a lot of waste concrete, but the technology about the recycled concrete is not widely used. In this paper, from the use of recycled concrete technology, production costs and environmental benefits and other aspects of social, evaluated the recycling using of waste concrete.

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43

Hadi, Joshua, e Gale Brightwell. "Safety of Alternative Proteins: Technological, Environmental and Regulatory Aspects of Cultured Meat, Plant-Based Meat, Insect Protein and Single-Cell Protein". Foods 10, n. 6 (28 maggio 2021): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061226.

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Food security and environmental issues have become global crises that need transformative solutions. As livestock production is becoming less sustainable, alternative sources of proteins are urgently required. These include cultured meat, plant-based meat, insect protein and single-cell protein. Here, we describe the food safety aspects of these novel protein sources, in terms of their technological backgrounds, environmental impacts and the necessary regulatory framework for future mass-scale production. Briefly, cultured meat grown in fetal bovine serum-based media can be exposed to viruses or infectious prion, in addition to other safety risks associated with the use of genetic engineering. Plant-based meat may contain allergens, anti-nutrients and thermally induced carcinogens. Microbiological risks and allergens are the primary concerns associated with insect protein. Single-cell protein sources are divided into microalgae, fungi and bacteria, all of which have specific food safety risks that include toxins, allergens and high ribonucleic acid (RNA) contents. The environmental impacts of these alternative proteins can mainly be attributed to the production of growth substrates or during cultivation. Legislations related to novel food or genetic modification are the relevant regulatory framework to ensure the safety of alternative proteins. Lastly, additional studies on the food safety aspects of alternative proteins are urgently needed for providing relevant food governing authorities with sufficient data to oversee that the technological progress in this area is balanced with robust safety standards.

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44

Baliak, František, e Martin Brček. "ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL MAPS OF GEOLOGICAL FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN SLOVAKIA". Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 35, n. 1 (1 marzo 2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2013-0002.

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Abstract In recent years, we have witnessed very frequent natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms and similar. In most cases, disasters are caused by geological factors, especially geobarriers. Geobarriers threaten the life and works of man or reduce the effectiveness of the construction and operation of technical works, or harm the environment by negative anthropogenic influences. An important task in assessing the technical and environmental aspects of particular engineering activity is to assess the impact of constructions on the production and protection of the environment. The important part of the environment is the geological environment. In this paper, we give an overview of geological factors of the environment and the way how they are illustrated in the engineering-geological maps made in Slovakia.

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45

He, Xi Xi, e Qing Wang. "Literature Review: Mechanical Properties of Hardened Silica Fume Concrete". Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (agosto 2014): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1357.

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Silica fume (SF) has become an environmental mineral admixture in the production of high-strength and high-performance concrete in modern concrete engineering. Through compacting all components and pozzolanic reaction, obvious mechanical enhancement of concrete is observed in the aspects of compressive strength tensile strength, elastic modulus as well as fracture toughness. Further more, durability improvement of silica fume concrete such as chloride-ion penetration resistance and chemical attack resistance are reported accordingly.

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46

Bojan, Sanjay Gandhi, Sam Chelladurai e Senthil Kumaran Durairaj. "Technical Aspects of Variables Affecting Jatropha Methyl Ester Production — An Indian Case Study". Energy & Environment 23, n. 4 (giugno 2012): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958-305x.23.4.619.

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Biodiesel obtained from vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engine is becoming increasingly important. The biodiesel quality and yield are affected by the properties of the oil used. The properties of the oil vary from region to region depending on the nature of the soil in which oil crops are cultivated, agricultural practices, rainfall etc. In this study the raw oil from Jatropha Curcas seeds grown in the western Ghat section of South India was tested for its physiochemical properties to determine its suitability for biodiesel production. A bench scale, compact biodiesel processor was developed locally by the authors and biodiesel was produced from raw Jatropha Curcas oil using alkali based transesterification process. The physiochemical properties of the biodiesel produced meet the ASTM standards but the yield was comparatively low (80%v/v) because of the high free fatty acid content (13.7 mg KOH/g of oil) in the raw Jatropha Curcas oil. The brake thermal efficiency of the biodiesel produced as a fuel in a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine coupled with an electric generator (34.19%) at maximum load conditions shows the possibility of utilization of biodiesel produced as a fuel in the diesel engine.

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Ul-Islam, Mazhar, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Shaukat Khan e Joong Kon Park. "Production of bacterial cellulose from alternative cheap and waste resources: A step for cost reduction with positive environmental aspects". Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 37, n. 6 (giugno 2020): 925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0524-3.

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48

Wohlenberg, Janaína, Rosana C. S. Schneider e Michele Hoeltz. "Sustainability indicators in the context of family farming: A systematic and bibliometric approach". Environmental Engineering Research 27, n. 1 (26 dicembre 2020): 200545–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.545.

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Abstract (sommario):

Actions that promote the sustainability of small-scale agricultural activities are fundamental to maintaining the supply and diversification of products, generating income, and minimizing their environmental impact. This study aimed to identify the main economic, environmental, and social indicators used in studies focused on food production by family farming. A systematic literature review was performed in the Scopus database, where 22 original articles were identified. The largest number of publications was observed in Italy and the United States of America, followed by Brazil, India, Poland, and the United Kingdom. The main aspect observed in the publications was the interrelationship of the three spheres of sustainability, highlighting the importance of integrated monitoring. Some indicators identified were: in the economic sphere, financial planning, productivity, and profitability; in the environmental sphere, soil use and quality, water, erosion, temperature, and energy; and in the social sphere, food security, job and income generation, and government subsidies. A holistic approach to the use of monitoring indicators as a tool for sustainability is fundamental, but there are few studies that evaluate these three spheres; mainly in the field of agribusiness, due to its greater diversity of activities and aspects to be monitored.

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49

Wu, Danjie. "Impact of Green Total Factor Productivity in Marine Economy Based on Entropy Method". Polish Maritime Research 25, s3 (1 dicembre 2018): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0123.

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Abstract In order to improve the efficiency of marine economic production and realize the sustainable and healthy development of marine economy, the spatial-temporal and dynamic evolution trend of marine economic green production efficiency in coastal areas of China is analysed by means of SFA basic model, coefficient of variation, coefficient of Gini and entropy method. It mainly includes three aspects: the result analysis of marine economy green production efficiency; the dynamic trend analysis of marine economy green production efficiency; the analysis of factors affecting marine economy green production efficiency. The results show that the factors affecting the total factor productivity of the marine economy are: development level of marine economy, marine material capital, level of opening to the outside world, marine industrial structure, marine human capital and marine environmental governance.

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Sheridan, C. M., F. F. Bauer, S. Burton e L. Lorenzen. "A critical process analysis of wine production to improve cost, quality and environmental performance". Water Science and Technology 51, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0005.

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Abstract (sommario):

Wine production in South Africa is delocalised, with numerous small-to-medium sized producers within several regions within the Western Cape. Whilst adapting to new technological changes, producers have to respond to pressure from consumers and governments regarding the environmental consequences of winemaking, especially water usage and pollution. To date, no systematic analysis integrating the various aspects of winemaking in South Africa has been done. This study assessed both physical inputs and outputs. A detailed questionnaire was developed to broadly assess these parameters and was submitted to all cellars in South Africa. Case studies were performed at three cellars during the 2002 harvest season to validate the questionnaires and collect missing information. Based on this, and a cocurrent project, the following parameters were correlated to the tons of grapes presses per annum: effluent parameters which include chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, sodium adsorption ratio, quantity of effluent; wine produced, water consumed, and electricity consumed. These parameters were used to develop an input/output model. This model may be used by wineries to predict their water and electrical consumption, wine produced and effluent characteristics provided they know the tonnage of grapes pressed per year.

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