Tesi sul tema "Processus de reconnaissance RADAR"
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Jdey, Aloui Imen. "Contribution des techniques de fusion et de classification des images au processus d'aide à la reconnaissance des cibles radar non coopératives". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0008.
Testo completoThe automatic recognition of non-cooperative targets is very important in various fields. This is the case for applications in aviation and maritime uncertain environment. Therefore, it’s necessary to introduce innovative methods for radar targets treatment and identification.The proposed methodology is based on the Knowledge Discovery from Data process (KDD) for a complete chain development of radar images recognition by trying to optimize every step of the processing chain.The experimental system used is based on an ISAR image acquisition system in the anechoic chamber of ENSTA Bretagne. This system has allowed controlling the quality of the entries in the recognition process (KDD). We studied the stages of the composite system from acquisition to interpretation and evaluation of results. We focused on the center stage; data mining considered as the heart of the system. This step is composed of two main phases: classification and the results of classifiers combination called decisional fusion. We have shown that this last phase improves results for decision making by taking into account the imperfections related to radar data, including uncertainty and imprecision.The results across different classification techniques as a first step (kNN, SVM and MCP) and decision fusion in a second time (Bayes, majority vote, belief theory, fuzzy fusion) are subject of an analytical and comparative study in terms of performance
Mottier, Manon. "Optimal Transport : an application to the RADAR Recognition Process for deinterleaving RADAR pulses and identifying emitter". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04653381.
Testo completoMilitary intelligence is essential to a country's security and defense, particularly signals intelligence (ROEM). The emergence of passive systems has given a considerable advantage to those capable of controlling them by allowing discreet surveillance at a lower cost. However, the interception and processing of signals by a passive RADAR require establishing a dedicated algorithmic processing chain capable of understanding the diversity of electromagnetic spectra and the underlying physical phenomena. Over the years, the issues have become more complex and diversified, mainly because of numerous technological innovations that have led to the complexity and sophistication of electronic equipment; RADARs have more similar electromagnetic spectra, making their differentiation complex. This work proposes a RADAR Recognition Process first to deinterleave a signal and then to identify the RADARs. First, two new unsupervised deinterleaving approaches are proposed based on a combination of clustering algorithms integrating optimal transport distances to separate the pulses into several clusters before grouping the clusters belonging to the same RADAR. Finally, when the deinterleaving phase is completed, the RADARs are identified by developing an optimal transport distance between a reference database and the sets of previously deinterleaved pulses while modeling the phenomenon of missing pulses
Boulay, Thomas. "Développement d'algorithmes pour la fonction NCTR - Application des calculs parallèles sur les processeurs GPU". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907979.
Testo completoCanicas, Jean-François. "Formalisation et simulation du processus de reconnaissance intermoléculaire". Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10585.
Testo completoCanicas, Jean-François. "Formalisation et simulation du processus de reconnaissance intermoléculaire". Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594545c.
Testo completoSaidi, Mohamed Nabil. "Reconnaissance de formes et d’objets en environnement incertain : application à la reconnaissance de cibles radar". Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2047.
Testo completoThis thesis presents Radar Automatic Target Recognition (RATR) in uncertam environment using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) images. By including the human operator in the system, the recognition process 15 achieved from the acquisition step aux! the image reconstruction to the features extraction and the classification step. The methodology adopted in this thesis is inspired from the artificial intelligence approach. This methodology is known as Knowledge Discovery from Data (KDD) which we have adapted to radar target recognition system. After the radar signal acquisition from an ahechoic chamber of ENSIETA (Brest, France) and the ISAR images reconstruction by Fourier analysis, the most discriminant features, in particular the shapes of targets are extracted. The classification stage is performed by supervised methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). Then, we investigate the impact of information fusion on recognition performance using fusion methods like the theory of belief functions and the majority vote rule. Finally, we propose another approach that included the pose of the targets in the recognition system
LEMOINE, REMY. "Synthese d'oligosaccharides impliques dans les processus de reconnaissance cellulaire". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112052.
Testo completoMuñoz, Jorge. "Logiques d'action et processus de reconnaissance des accidents du travail". Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100134.
Testo completoErrard, Christine. "Les colonies mixtes artificielles de fourmis et les processus de reconnaissance spécifique". Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131034.
Testo completoTupin, Florence. "Reconnaissance des formes et analyse de scènes en imagerie radar a ouverture synthetique". Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0016.
Testo completoAnys, Hassan. "Reconnaissance des cultures à l'aide des images radar: approche multi-polarisation et texturale". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11164.
Testo completoTupin, Florence. "Reconnaissance des formes et analyse de scènes en imagerie radar à ouverture synthétique /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367038261.
Testo completoKarine, Ayoub. "Traitement et classification parcimonieuse des images radar pour l’aide à la reconnaissance de cibles". Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENTA0013.
Testo completoAutomatic target recognition has become a flourishing research topic in remote sensing. This problematic is of paramount importance in several military and civilian applications (security, surveillance, automobile, environment, medicine, ...). In this work, we focus on the development of new methodology dedicated to the target recognition from synthetic aperture radar images (inverse or direct). In this context, the different methods proposed in the literature have several drawbacks according to the type of used data (heterogeneous, multimodal, …), the accuracy, the robustness to noise and the computation time. In this work, we aim to propose new methods for targets recognition from radar images. Thus, two different databases are considered. On the one hand, we use the ISAR (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar) images acquired from the anechoic chamber of ENSTA Bretagne. On the other hand, we exploit the SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images of MSTAR database. To achieve the goal of the amelioration of the recognition process studied and developed, we give a special interest to the SRC (Sparse Representation-based Classification) method to recognize the radar images. This method includes also the processing and feature extraction steps to build the dictionary. In this optic, the first contribution consists on constructing a new dictionary composed by the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) descriptors filtered by the saliency attention method. After that, this dictionary is exploited by a multitask sparse classifier to achieve the recognition step. In the second contribution, we statistically model the radar images in the complex wavelet domain. The resulting statistical parameters (univariate or multivariate) are stacked together to construct the statistical dictionary. Afterwards, this dictionary is weighted by using a similarity measure that includes the KLD (Kullbak-Leibler Divergence) between the statistical parameters. The performances of the two proposed methods have been evaluated empirically on two different databases of radar images (ISAR and SAR)
Hamrouche, Rani. "Reconnaissance géométrique des structures en maçonnerie ou en béton par imagerie radar multi récepteurs : approche numérique et expérimentale". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5801.
Testo completoHo, Tuong Vinh. "Un réseau de neurones à décharges pour la reconnaissance de processus spatio-temporels". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/NQ42823.pdf.
Testo completoViriyametanont, Kriengkai. "Reconnaissance physique et géométrique d’éléments en béton armé par radar et réseaux de neurones artificiels". Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000202/.
Testo completoPhysical and geometrical survey of reinforced-concrete elements is difficult due to many problems associated to limited knowledge and comprehension of the various NDT techniques. The radar technology is increasingly implemented on reinforced concrete structures for the geometrical survey (detection of steel reinforcement, 3D positioning of buried objects). Radar measurements are usually restricted to the rough assessment of the concrete cover. However, the electromagnetic response of the surveyed element contains more information (moisture content and porosity of concrete, diameter of the reinforcement). The purpose of this work is focused on the application of radar to the physical and geometrical characterization of reinforced concrete elements according to a statistical approach based on the concept of artificial neural networks (ANN). ANN belong to the class of statistical modelling methods. ANN are supposed to reproduce the learning and recognition capacities of the human brain and are sometime described as a concept of artificial intelligence. A laboratory statistical database was established and used to train ANN models able to recognize radar signatures and to extract information such as : moisture content of concrete ; concrete porosity ; reinforcement depth and diameter. The developed models were at last tested on real concrete structures
Nivelle, François. "Optimisation et robustesse des algorithmes de reconnaissance des formes : application aux traitements des signaux radar /". Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35776885k.
Testo completoRădoi, Emanuel. "Contribution à la reconnaissance des objets 3D à partir de leur signature électromagnétique". Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2018.
Testo completoRamaux, Nicolas. "Supervision de systèmes dynamiques par reconnaissance de scénarios". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1126.
Testo completoEl, Yacoubi Abdenaim. "Modélisation markovienne de l'écriture manuscrite : application à la reconnaissance des adresses postales". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10092.
Testo completoDufour, Sophie. "Etude des processus d'activation et de compétition lors de la reconnaissance des mots parlés". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL005.
Testo completoUsing the phonological priming paradigm, we studied the dynamics of activation and competition. In a first time, facilitatory priming effects were found with prime-target pairs sharing the first few phonemes. Because, the literature on phonological priming reports very few inhibitory effects, a second set of experiments aimed at identify under which conditions, competition effects can be consistently demonstrated. The results showed that the effectiveness of a prime word to inhibit target word processing depends on the phonological mismatch length between the primes and the targets. Finally, we tried to have a better comprehension in the way in which competition between lexical candidates operates. Manipulating the competitor set size of target words, we reported an inhibitory priming effect only for targets having a small set of competitors. Such a result supports the view of direct competition between lexical candidates
Viveros, Cancino Oscar. "Analyse du milieu urbain par une approche de fusion de données satellitaires optiques et radar". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4020.
Testo completoThis thesis is concerned with the analysis and extraction of urban areas in remote sensing images. As radiometric information alone is insufficient for the detection of such areas, we carry out a study of texture analysis techniques for urban scenes. Of the techniques currently available, we choose to describe texture using the conditional variance parameter of a Gaussian Markov model. This parameter, estimated at each point in the image, allows us to extract our initial urban mask. Having noted the complementary nature of radar and optical sensors, we combine the textural information of SPOT and ERS sensors to refine our mask. Finally, we propose and compare different supervised fission-fusion algorithms which allow us to perform an intra-urban classification. From the SPOT and ERS images we compute different texture and radiometric parameters. A classification is carried out using each of these parameters in turn. The importance of each parameter for each class is given by the corresponding confusion matrix which is computed using training zones. A fusion operator is defined using the different confusion matrices. The site of our study is Mexico City
Rebout, Lionel. "Processus de visibilisation et mode d'apparaître en milieu carcéral". Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100046.
Testo completoHow to be recognized in jail when the convict is invisible, out of public space ? How to be recognized when the convict has lost his own way of appearing (Arendt) ? From Auschwitz with the Muslim to convicts today, the most important purpose of this thesis is to understand the apearing, the spelling as prerogative, human and complete prerogative. A deep condition to define the nature of human being however convict he is or not. It's an opportunity to confront various concepts of philosophy : heterotopias (Foucault) ; recognition (Honneth) ; body of exception ; life naked (Agamben) ; Panopticon (Bentham). The method of this work is based on dialog between ideas and my own experience as convict
Raymond, Christian. "Décodage conceptuel : co-articulation des processus de transcription et compréhension dans les systèmes de dialogue". Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0140.
Testo completoWe propose in this document a SLU (Spoken Language Understanding) module. First we introduce a conceptual language model for the detection and the extraction of semantic basic concepts from a speech signal. A decoding process is described with a simple example. This decoding process extracts, from a word lattice generated by an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) module, structured n-best list of interpretations (set of concepts). This list contains all the interpretations that can be found in the word lattice, with their posterior probabilities, and the n-best values for each interpretation. Then we introduce some confidence measures used to estimate the quality of the result of the previous decoding process. Finally, we describe the integration of the proposed SLU module in a dialogue application, involving a decision strategy based on the confidence measures introduced before
Jeannin, Mathieu. "Etude des processus d'instabilités des versants rocheux par prospection géophysique : apport du radar géologique". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012178.
Testo completoMagnié, Marie-Noële. "Étude des processus cognitifs impliqués dans la reconnaissance des objets : approche comportementale, neuropsychologique et électrophysiologique". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T032.
Testo completoJoly, Marc. "Devenir Norbert Elias : contribution à l'analyse d'un processus transnational de reconnaissance scientifique : la réception française". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0129.
Testo completoThe purpose of Ibis research is to contribute to the understanding of the process of international recognition of the work of Norbert Elias. The first chapter presents a synthesis of the many "theoretical" problems raised by the research topic. The aim was to complete theory of the field of cultural production by taking into account the "psychological" dimension of scientific creation and the trans-national environment where a work in the field of humanities is embedded. The aim of the second chapter is to enlighten the path of Norbert Elias from his departure from Germany in 1933 to the beginning of the 1970s. This chapter mainly focuses on the situation of Elias -who had to face exile in the field of British social sciences and humanities in the period after the Second World War and to piece together the structure of his relationships at that time; in parallel, this chapter shows that Elias had an underground recognition in the Netherlands and in Germany as soon as the 1950s. Finally, the third and fourth chapters aim at explaining the reasons why Ober den Prozess der Zivilisation was first translated in French after what the book could also for the first time benefit from a real public recognition thanks to the historians orthe Annales. Ln this sense, the French reception from the beginning of the 1970s makes up a turning point in the process of recognition of the Eliasian work: Ibis doctoral research aims at defining the underlying questions and the dynamics of its evolution
Masri, Ihssen. "Détecteurs d'objets en milieu industriel utilisant la technologie Radar". Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0047.
Testo completoThe detection of static or mobile objects is widely used in industrial environments for control applications in the field of process automation. Several technologies (inductive, photoelectric, ultrasounds, etc. ) share the market of detection of objects. These technologies are limited in their applicability due mainly to their physical principles. On the other hand, the high frequency domain and particularly the Radar technology offer good performances in hostile environments. The objective of this thesis is to investigate ail the technical solutions brought by the Radar technology to design a detector of static or mobile objects satisfying the constraints of the industrial environment. Efforts in Radar technologies are often dedicated to the detection of mobile objects. Some of these technologies are capable of detecting static objects but with a resolution demanding a large frequency band-width. Thus, these technologies are incompatible with a low-cost industrial application. Ln this thesis we have realized a detector of objects using correlation which does not make use of the measure of the time of flight. To improve the performances of the detection of object, we have proposed a new architecture combining both a monostatic Duplex CW radar and BPSK modulation. We have developed a method of digital calibration to correct the defects of this type of architecture. Finally, we have studied the problem of the detection of objects in the close area of antenna
Brouard, Thierry. "Algorithmes hybrides d'apprentissage de chaines de Markov cachées : conception et applications à la reconnaissance des formes". Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4002.
Testo completoThe main point of this work is based on the quality of modelization of data (called observations) made by hidden Markov models (HMMs). Our goal is to propose algorithms that improve this quality. The criterion used to quantify the quality of HMM is the probability that a given model generates a given observation. To solve this problem, we use a genetic hybridization of HMM. Using genetic algorithms (GAs) jointly to HMM permits two things. First, GAs let us to explore more efficiently the set of models, avoiding local optima. Second, GAs optimize an important characteristic of HMM : its number of hidden states. The most efficient hybrid algorithm finds the best HMM for a given problem, by itself. This means that the GA designs a set of states and the associated transition probabilities. Many explications have been done in the framework of this thesis, in many domains like image recognition, time series prediction, unsupervised image segmentation and object tracking in sequences of images. The new algorithms proposed here are appliable to all domains (peovided that hypothesis related to HMM are satisfied). They allow a fast and efficient training of HMM, and an entirely automatic determination of the architecture (number of states, transition probabilities) of the HMM
Zighed, Djamel Abdelkader. "Méthodes et outils pour les processus d'interrogation non arborescents". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10498.
Testo completoMesnard, Philippe. "Formes d’onde à saut de fréquences et Compressed Sensing : Application à la détection et à la reconnaissance aéroportées". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLG004.
Testo completoChanges in the context of airborne radar processing implie more and more improvements that justify to look for an alternative to Matched Filtering, the process conventionally used to estimate the parameters of detected targets. Compressed Sensing suggests a new treatment, also performing in multi-target cases, with better tracking and recognition performances than classical approach. We seek to apply this treatment to step frequency waveforms. The whole choice of definition parameters for the transmitted signal entirely builds the measurement matrix of the Compressed Sensing procedure which solution gives all the sought information of the observed scene. For each step frequency signal with constant amplitude, the resulting measurement matrix is obtained by extracting some lines from a particular extended Fourier matrix, the 2D Fourier matrix. The construction of the measurement matrix generation is important since the success of the reconstruction depends on the algebraic properties of this matrix
Bianne-Bernard, Anne-Laure. "Reconnaissance de mots manuscrits cursifs par modèles de Markov cachés en contexte : application au français, à l'anglais et à l'arabe". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00656402.
Testo completoThis thesis aims at elaborating a new handwritten words recognition system that can be learned and applied on any handwriting style and any alphabet. An analytic approach is used. Words are divided into subparts (characters or graphemes) that have to be modelled. The division is made implicitly thanks to sliding windows, which transform the word images into sequences. Hidden Markov Models, widely known as one of the most powerful tools for sequence modelling, are chosen to model the characters. A Bakis-type HMM represents each character. This enables the model to absorb variations in handwriting. A word model is built by concatenating its compound characters models. In this thesis, the choice is made to strengthen the HMM modelling by acting directly within the models. To this end, a new approach is proposed, using context knowledge : each character model depends on its context (its preceding and following characters). This new character model is named trigraph. Taking into account the characters environment allows more precise and more effective models to be built. However, this implies a multiplication of HMM parameters to be learned (often on a restricted number of observation data). An original method for parameter grouping is proposed in this thesis to overcome this issue : a state-based clustering, performed on each state position and based on binary decision trees. This type of clustering is new in the handwriting recognition field. It has many advantages, including parameter reduction. Moreover, the use of decision trees allows the HMMs to keep one of their most interesting attributes : independence between training and testing lexicon
Berthoumieu, Yannick. "Contribution à l'identification de processus harmoniques bidimensionnels : application à l'analyse haute résolution de signaux radar". Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10505.
Testo completoMaini, Jean-Luc. "Vectorisation, segmentation de schémas éléctroniques et reconnaissance de composants". Le Havre, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LEHA0008.
Testo completoPicard, Laurent. "Prise en compte de l'environnement marin dans le processus de reconnaissance automatique de cibles sous-marines". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0038/document.
Testo completoIn the last decades, advances in marine robot technology allowed to perform accurate seafloor surveys by means of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Thanks to a sidescan sonar carried by an AUV, a wide area can be scanned quickly. Navies are really interested in using such vehicles for underwater mine countermeasures (MCM) purposes, in order to perform mine hunting missions rapidly and safely for human operators. Nevertheless, on-board intelligence, which intends to replace human operator for sonar image analysis, remains challenging. Current automatic target recognition (ATR) processes have to cope with the variability of the seafloor. Indeed, there is a strong relationship between the seafloor appearance on sidescan sonar images and the underwater target detection rates. Thus, embed some environmental information in the ATR process seems to be a way for achieving more effective automatic target recognition. In this thesis, we address the problem of improving the ATR process by taking into account the local environment. To this end, a new representation of sonar images is considered by use of the theory of monogenic signal. It provides a pixelwise energetic, geometric and structural information into a multi-scale framework. Then a seafloor characterization is carried out by estimating the intrinsic dimensionality of the underwater structures so as to describe sonar images in terms of homogeneity, anisotropy and complexity. These three features are directly linked to the difficulty of detecting underwater mines and enable an accurate classification of sonar images into benign, rippled or complex areas. From our point of view, underwater mine hunting cannot be performed in the same way on these three seafloor types with various challenges from an ATR point of view. To proceed with this idea, we propose to design a first specific detection algorithm for sand rippled areas. This algorithm takes into consideration an environmental description of ripples which allow to outperform classic approaches in this type of seafloor
Jaumouillié, Anne-Laure. "Entre sagaïes et médailles : processus colonial de reconnaissance des chefs kanak en Nouvelle-Calédonie, 1878-1946". La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROF017.
Testo completoAs soon as New Caledonia got taken into possession, the colonial administration used the natives considered as chiefs to establish the French supervision. By using honorary distinctions, it settled a wide policy of recognition of the chiefs. Some of them seemed to have had dealed with the administrative employees, others rebelled or did both. Instead of considering those situations as loyalty, rejection or “double jeu”, this PhD consists in analysing them in a more global context by considering the Kanak chiefs in their own system of relationships. Inwa, relationship with the colons and colonial administrators are the framework. This work aims to deconstruct the idea of chiefs were either loyal or rebel and to show the complexity of the system in which every single actor of the colonisation participates. The itineraries of 36 leaders are analysed between 1878 – date of the first native rebellion – and 1917 – date of the last movement of the uprising. The leaders get little by little the methods of speech that will allow them to free themselves from the colonial pressures. The descendants of the chiefs are therefore also taken into account until the end of the “Code de l’Indigénat” in 1946. That in order to measure the strength of the transmission of the political speech they faced
Compoint, Hélène Françoise. "Jouer au cours de la période de la latence : l’archaïque et le processus de reconnaissance mutuelle". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20067.
Testo completoLatency period is analysed through cultural material corresponding to this age ( toys, books, cartoons, vidéo games). It appears from the material that latency works up the return of the archaic by suggesting interpretations that have value of « constructions » in the sense of Freud. The question of a transitionnal double is very present and symbolized by the fictionnal pet. The characteristical experience of latency is the feeling of « wonderful strangeness ». The process of symbolization during latency is particular in the way that game induces playing. The notion of a « reciprocal acknowledgement » and finally the main features of latency taken are considered. And then latency is interrogated with three latent children at the mental health center
Mesnard, Philippe. "Formes d’onde à saut de fréquences et Compressed Sensing : Application à la détection et à la reconnaissance aéroportées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLG004.
Testo completoChanges in the context of airborne radar processing implie more and more improvements that justify to look for an alternative to Matched Filtering, the process conventionally used to estimate the parameters of detected targets. Compressed Sensing suggests a new treatment, also performing in multi-target cases, with better tracking and recognition performances than classical approach. We seek to apply this treatment to step frequency waveforms. The whole choice of definition parameters for the transmitted signal entirely builds the measurement matrix of the Compressed Sensing procedure which solution gives all the sought information of the observed scene. For each step frequency signal with constant amplitude, the resulting measurement matrix is obtained by extracting some lines from a particular extended Fourier matrix, the 2D Fourier matrix. The construction of the measurement matrix generation is important since the success of the reconstruction depends on the algebraic properties of this matrix
Lopez, Jean-Marc. "Trajectographie et identification de porteur-radar par senseurs passifs multistatiques". Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0003.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with passive radar picture compilation in the field of naval force. Both identification and tracking processes are studied. Target identification (in fact the improvement of identification function) is achieved by radar height above sea level estimation electromagnetic wave propagation factor is the measurement for this estimator. The tracking process takes into account intercepted signal angle and time of arrival measurements. Therefore, few estimators (based on maximum likelihood) are considered. One is based on angle of arrival and an other deals with time measurements. A third one called hybrid estimator consider the two kind of measures simultaneously ; it allows the maximal use of measurement sensor capabilities. If one of the sensor is a passive sonar, the time delay due to signal propagation must be considered to avoid bias in the estimation. The corresponding estimator is derived in this work
Carincotte, Cyril. "Segmentation markovienne floue d'images. Application en détection de changements entre images radar". Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30046.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to unsupervised remote sensing image segmentation and change detection on SAR images. We first present a higher order hidden Markov chains model which allows to model complex noise structures, like correlated noises. In order to take into account several fuzzy characteristics of remote sensing images, we propose a fuzzy hidden Markov chains model, which jointly takes in account the fuzzy and noisy characteristics of the observations. This model authorizes the coexistence of hard and fuzzy pixels in the same image, and allows to characterize noisy gradation located on both sides of more homogeneous areas. We finally propose a methodology of change detection based on the fuzzy model, which allows to characterize the imprecision associated to the changes between two SAR images
Sakkila, Laïla. "Etude et implémentation d’un radar Ultra Large Bande pour la détection et la reconnaissance d’obstacles en milieu routier". Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1323a5df-7cd5-4a3c-aa3d-d28cebd1a681.
Testo completoAfter privileging mechanical power and comfort of vehicles, automotive operators, considering the constant increase of accidents and deaths along the roads, are now involved in security. This explains the introduction of intelligent security systems, based on sensors giving a perception of the environment. In this thesis, emphasis is put on obstacle detection near the vehicle. The radar sensor is an ideal candidate, for it functions in various climatic conditions. The new Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology offers several advantages: high performance obstacle detection, high resolution distance and position measurement, reasonable cost. The aim of this thesis is to design an UWB radar for low range obstacles detection and measuring precisely their distances to vehicle. For this purpose, the UWB waveforms are studied and compared with the criterions of system adequation to our application and a simple, faster and more efficient reception. The multi-users features are treated, for minimizing interferences. The receivers matched to our system are studied and algorithms for Gaussian noise effects reduction, relying upon Higher Order Statistics (HOS), are established and tested. The radar allows also recognizing detected obstacles and suppressing the non-harmful ones in the obstacle following phase. A radar prototype is built and validated, and the Receiver Operational Characteristics are evaluated
Guedon, Yann. "Techniques de modélisation stochastique pour la reconnaissance de la parole". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD259.
Testo completoLauri, Fabrice. "Adaptation au locuteur de modèles acoustiques markoviens pour la reconnaissance automatique de la parole". Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN2A001.
Testo completoPutz, Guilhem. "Discrimination et analyse de mesures non-stationnaires dans le cadre de l'interception radar". Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1416.
Testo completoThe work presented in this memoir deal with clustering and analysis of non-stationary measures for passive radar interception. The first chapter or' this document begins with a synthetic description of ElectronicWarfare,which is followed by the problematic of this thesis. The part after deals with clustering methods, particularly by using density mixture models. Then we describe adaptations of these methods for processing of quality measures. This third part represents our contribution to data processing domain. It is followed by a last charter on different suggestions for constitution of a complete data processing chain
Jarkass, Iman. "Reconnaissance de l'état d'un système dynamique à l'aide d'un réseau de Petri crédibiliste". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1136.
Testo completoRobert, Christelle. "Étude des processus de base de la lecture : activation et inhibition dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21240.
Testo completoThe aim of this research is to study the effects of orthographic similarity between words in order to specify the processes of visual word recognition. The joint effects of neighbourhood and masked orthographic priming are studied in experiments 1, 2, 3a-d and 4a-b. The data from the lexical decision task are globally consistent with the predictions from simulations run with the interactive activation model (McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981). In addition, the effects of frequency and orthographic neighbourhood are studied in older adults in order to examine whether the processes of lexical activation and inhibition are modified with aging (experiments 5a-b and 6). As a whole, the interactive activation model is consistent with our results, which confirms the influence of activation and inhibition processes in visual word recognition
Perrin, Gaëlle. "Le comportement maternel et la reconnaissance du jeune chez les ovins : structures cérébrales et processus mnésiques impliqués". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4011.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is to investigate the brain sites involved in the onset and the maintenance of maternal behaviour as well as in selectivity, and to characterize the memory processes involved in offspring recognition (consolidation and reconsolidation). We showed the involvement of the MPOA and to a lesser extent of the BNST in maternal responsiveness, and the involvement of the cortical and the medial nuclei of the amygdala in recognition of the familiar lamb. We also showed the existence of a protein synthesis dependent process of reconsolidation of the lamb’s characteristics, but not of a protein synthesis dependent process of consolidation. Overall, these results indicate that maternal responsiveness and selectivity are controlled by distinct neural networks and that a social memory can undergo a reconsolidation process
Tatu, Ofélia. "Processus de reconnaissance : de la prévention d'un risque psychosocial à la construction de la santé au travail". Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0101.
Testo completoThis research studies the role of recognition as a resource for health enhancement and for employees’ capability development. Furthermore, it analyses the role of individual, collective and organizational resources in preventing psychosocial risks in the workplace. This research discusses also the contribution of recognition in the process of occupational health enhancement. In the first study we analysed 16 programs of psychosocial risks prevention as well as important documents for this issue. For the second and the third study we interviewed 147 persons individually, and we conducted three focus group interviews. The results have shown that recognition plays an important role for health and that recognition practices must come from four sources: the organization, the work team, the work activity and the “significant others”. Our results have also shown that the concept of recognition has three main dimensions. Therefore, this research makes a theoretical and practical contribution to the issue of recognition in the workplace. It helps clarifying the conceptual and methodological framework needed to analyse recognition and implement actions that protect, enhance and promote employees’ health
Ghys, Charlotte. "Analyse, reconstruction 3D, et animation du visage". Marne-la-Vallée, ENPC, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENPC1005.
Testo completoFace analysis fields are widely spread out over a large quantity of domains :Human Computer Interaction, security, movies post-production, games. . . It in-cludes detection, recognition, 3D reconstruction, animation, and emotion analy-sis. Face animation was the main motivation of this thesis, and we always kept itin mind at anytime. We discuss here, most of the fields. We first talk about face reconstructionand face modeling with a new model inspired by the Candide Model. Then, weaddress face detection and particularly features detection introducing anthropome-tric constraints in a global scheme through a Markov Random Field formulation. From prior constraints, we are able to estimate the 3d pose of a face from a singleimage and to extend it to motion tracking. We conlude our work with emotion ana-lysis. We propose an expression modelling technique defined as time series, andwe present our 3D database for face expression. We present the state of the art ofemotion recognition. And we finally invoke the use of our expression modellingtechnique as a prediction to be compared with the data in time
Augustin, Emmanuel. "Reconnaissance de mots manuscrits par systèmes hybrides : Réseaux de neurones et modèles de Markov cachés". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05S026.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a recognition system for isolated handwritten words, given a dictionary, using a combination of neural networks (NN) and hidden markov models (HMM). NN and HMM have been extensively studied, the former in the field of isolated character recognition and the later in speech recognition, among other applications. Know-how on NN and HMM has motivated within the last 10 years many researches to combine the advantages of the two tools, that is discrimination power and sequence modelling. Some historical and original systems are recalled from speech and handwriting recognition. .