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1
SNOWDON, CHARLES T. "Affiliative Processes and Vocal Development". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 807, n. 1 Integrative N (gennaio 1997): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51931.x.
2
Thoresen, Lasse. "THE CONCRESCENCE PROJECT (2008–2010): IDEAS, PROCESSES, EXPERIENCES, MUSICAL WORKS". Tempo 68, n. 267 (gennaio 2014): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298213001290.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article discusses the concept, working practices and outcomes of the Concrescence Project, a research project initiated by the author oriented towards innovations in vocal practice and composition through experiments with combining vocal techniques from different cultures. The concept of ethnomodernism is explored, as are different attitudes to vocal sound production in a variety of musical traditions including the avant-garde, traditional styles from the Nordic/Baltic region, and overtone singing. The article concludes with a discussion of microtonal tunings, their notation, and their implementation in vocal composition.
3
Fahey, Hannah. "Stylistic pluralism and the experiences of classically trained teachers of singing in the Republic of Ireland". International Journal of Music Education 39, n. 3 (2 febbraio 2021): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761421991247.
Abstract (sommario):
Throughout much of the 20th century, the Western classical vocal aesthetic dominated tertiary singing training in the Republic of Ireland. At the turn of the 21st century, and reflecting similar movements internationally, Irish institutions, examining boards and private teaching studios diversified to include musical theatre and popular styles of singing in degree programmes and syllabi. The purpose of this study was to further understand voice teacher perceptions of these shifts in pedagogical culture. This research questioned how classically trained teachers of singing negotiate teaching across styles in popular music genres, and also questioned if implicit, embodied cultural ideas about classical singing defined their educative approaches to popular music vocals. Data were collected through in-depth qualitative interviews with classically trained teachers of singing in the Republic of Ireland. Analysis of interview data revealed a number of themes which are discussed within a theoretical framework drawn from the work of Bourdieu, revealing that the participant teachers are involved in processes of negotiation and re-negotiation of personal and institutional habitus.
4
Stoeger, Angela S., Anton Baotic e Gunnar Heilmann. "Vocal Creativity in Elephant Sound Production". Biology 10, n. 8 (5 agosto 2021): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080750.
Abstract (sommario):
How do elephants achieve their enormous vocal flexibility when communicating, imitating or creating idiosyncratic sounds? The mechanisms that underpin this trait combine motoric abilities with vocal learning processes. We demonstrate the unusual production techniques used by five African savanna elephants to create idiosyncratic sounds, which they learn to produce on cue by positive reinforcement training. The elephants generate these sounds by applying nasal tissue vibration via an ingressive airflow at the trunk tip, or by contracting defined superficial muscles at the trunk base. While the production mechanisms of the individuals performing the same sound categories are similar, they do vary in fine-tuning, revealing that each individual has its own specific sound-producing strategy. This plasticity reflects the creative and cognitive abilities associated with ‘vocal’ learning processes. The fact that these sounds were reinforced and cue-stimulated suggests that social feedback and positive reinforcement can facilitate vocal creativity and vocal learning behavior in elephants. Revealing the mechanism and the capacity for vocal learning and sound creativity is fundamental to understanding the eloquence within the elephants’ communication system. This also helps to understand the evolution of human language and of open-ended vocal systems, which build upon similar cognitive processes.
5
Woodson, Gayle E., Arne Hengesteg, Daniel Yeung, Clark A. Rosen e Naidy Chen. "Changes in Length and Spatial Orientation of the Vocal Fold with Arytenoid Adduction in Cadaver Larynges". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, n. 7 (luglio 1997): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600703.
Abstract (sommario):
Videoendoscopy suggests that arytenoid adduction (AA) surgery not only medializes the paralyzed vocal fold, but increases the length of its membranous portion so that it more closely resembles the normal side. This could represent either real length change or out-of-plane rotation. Computed tomography scanning was performed on adult male cadaver larynges before and after the AA procedure to measure changes in length and spatial orientation of the vocal fold. Three-dimensional coordinates of radiopaque markers on the anterior commissure, posterior glottic midline, and vocal processes were determined. The distance between the vocal processes was 3.9 mm before, and 0.8 mm after AA. The mean vocal fold length was 12.4 mm before, and 13.4 mm after AA (p = .14). The vocal process moved consistently caudally, an average of 3.5 mm (p = .02). The data suggest that clinically apparent vocal fold length changes with AA could be an illusion due to vertical displacement of the vocal process, and not actual lengthening.
6
Yakhno, Olena. "Vocal stylistics in rock music: dialectics of general and special". Aspects of Historical Musicology 21, n. 21 (10 marzo 2020): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-21.18.
Abstract (sommario):
The article aimed to identify the specific features of vocal style in rock music. This issue is considered in a complex way proceeding from the integral system of vocal intonation in its origins and evolution. It is noted that the vocal component in rock music is a synthesis of diverse origins, among which the primary and comprehensive is the song beginning, presented in all the diversity of its manifestations. Being assimilated into the forms of professional music-making, which include rock music and its historically closest source – jazz, the song component in rock music becomes the basis of meaning expression, takes the stage forms of representation, supplemented with various visual and acoustic effects and comes out to the stadium spaces with audience of many thousands. For the first time, the article proposes a systematization of those dialectical processes that were resulted in vocal rock stylistics and determined its fundamental pluralism – verballinguistic and musical-intonation, combined with social indication characteristic of rock aesthetics The article supports the idea, that vocal stylistics is a two-component concept in which two levels of terminological generalization are combined – general (“stylistics” as a set of techniques and methods, by which a music composition is created) and specific (“vocal”, which is determined by the genus of the music and its performers as a functional basis of genre). Any stylistic phenomenon, despite its concreteness, is characterized by the qualities of a meta-system, which is reflected in such concepts as “historical stylistics”, “genre stylistics”, “national stylistics” (E. Nazaikinsky). The specific stylistics, derived from the “style of any kind of music” (V. Kholopova), has the same qualities. Among them there is the vocal style which is associated with the musical implementation of the speech line, including such different forms of intonation as recitative, declamation, cantilena, also the song itself as a musical genre that incorporates all the features of “musical speech” (B. Asafiev). Therefore, the song, as the primary genre in the system of vocal intonation, was produced in the syncretism of playful forms of musical art, which included music, dance, and ritual (J. Huizinga). Keeping the quality of “conservatism” (O. Sokolov), the song on the way of its historical and evolutionary development acquired wide range of forms, being performed in different stylistic conditions and in different genre interpretations. The most general unification of multiformity of the song culture is the theory of three layers (V. Konen), in each of which it is presented as primary vocal intonation. However, despite its general origins, arising from the formula “a voice is a person” (E. Nazaikinsky), vocal art within each of the three layers – folklore, academic and the “third” – is distinguished by a number of specific features. A certain differentiation is also observed within each stratum, which also applies to the “third”, which is distinguished as something middle between folklore and academic. In the most general terms, “non-academic” vocals are distributed between such types of “third” music (V. Syrov) as jazz, rock and pop music. This article offers a comparative characteristic of the peculiarities of the varietyized forms of vocal style in rock music and jazz. Along with the general aesthetic, communicative and technological aspects, significant differences are observed here. The main one is the dominance of the vocal beginning in rock music and instrumental in jazz. At the same time, having emerged on a semi-folklore basis, as well as under the influence of entertaining forms of dance youth music of the 50s of the last century (rock & roll, youth protest songs, soul, funk, etc.), rock music has developed its own system of vocal intonation, which is distinguished by: 1) the priority of word over the music; 2) a special approach to improvisation, the role of which is less significant in rock compositions than in instrumental jazz (the exception is scat improvisation); 3) the tendency towards the revival of the genre of “poems with music”, which is peculiar to the academic song culture of Europe in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The article proves that the “whateverism” of rock (V. Zinkevich) is not only in the variety in the “intonemas”, which are used in it (E. Barban), but also in all kinds of “splitting” of the vocal and the instrumental rock compositions into genre and stylistic subspecies. Acceleration of the processes of assimilation and modification of the intonation complexes, due to the system of musical mass culture, allows observation, since the second half of the XX century, the different hybrid varieties (jazz-rock, folk-rock, etc.) and the relatively new forms of vocal and speech music (freestyle, fusion) making with the connection of dance and theatrical components (disco, hip-hop, rap, R&B). On this basis, the vocal rock style is formed, which, however, has its own specifics. It always tends to the synthesis of music and words, and the word is often a priority and defines the ideology of rock as of a system of ideological and artistic communication. Based on the abovementioned, the conclusions are about the presence of processes of dialectical interaction in the vocal style of rock of the general (patterns of vocal sound, forms of the relations between music and word, genre origins of prototypes) and the special (their realization, at the level of aesthetics and poetics, – rock as a “way of thinking” and “lifestyle”, according to V. Zinkevich). It is noted, that the study of these processes supposes referring to specific samples – styles and compositions of rock bands confessing different points of view due to their art and the role of the vocal component in it. As the perspective, the national aspects of vocal rock stylistics need the studying, including such a little researched one as the Ukrainian.
7
Sato, Kiminori, e Minoru Hirano. "Fine Three-Dimensional Structure of Pericytes in the Vocal Fold Mucosa". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, n. 6 (giugno 1997): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600609.
Abstract (sommario):
An investigation was carried out to determine the fine three-dimensional structure of pericytes in excised human vocal fold mucosa, by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopic observation. The results are summarized as follows. 1) There were many pericytes around the true capillaries, arterial capillaries, and venous capillaries in the vocal fold mucosa. 2) Newborns had pericytes around the capillaries in the vocal fold mucosa. 3) The pericytes had bulged fusiform or polygonal cell bodies and branching processes. The branching processes consisted of long and relatively thick longitudinal ones and short circumferential ones. 4) The cell body and processes of the pericytes encircled the capillaries, and the tips of the processes formed intercellular tight junctions with endothelial cells and made a firm connection with them. 5) The pericytes had many cytoplasmic filaments. 6) The pericytes in the vocal fold mucosa appeared to support and protect capillary walls in the vibrating tissue.
8
McGettigan, Carolyn, e Sophie Kerttu Scott. "Voluntary and involuntary processes affect the production of verbal and non-verbal signals by the human voice". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, n. 6 (dicembre 2014): 564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13004123.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractWe argue that a comprehensive model of human vocal behaviour must address both voluntary and involuntary aspects of articulate speech and non-verbal vocalizations. Within this, plasticity of vocal output should be acknowledged and explained as part of the mature speech production system.
9
Zan, Luiza, e Stela Drăgulin. "Vocal Improvisation – A Cognitive and a Psychological Process". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 68, Sp.Iss. 2 (10 agosto 2023): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2023.spiss2.13.
Abstract (sommario):
"The purpose of this article is to compare the neurophysiological processes of the brain during vocal improvisation and the psychological implications of a spontaneous composition of melody. By taking command of the present, while at the same time bringing forward to the audience an extensive amount of musical knowledge and specific vocal techniques, vocal improvisation is an extensive field of interest for jazz singers and jazz voice educators alike, and its distinct processes are yet to be fully understood and explained. In my years of studying and practicing vocal improvisation, I have sought to understand the balance between these two components – the cognitive and the psychological coordinates of the vocal improvisation and the implications of these coordinates on our everyday life, outside the performing arts frame. The reasons why a singer makes certain musical choices when creating spontaneously, while avoiding others, together with the reasons why improvisation is important in our everyday lives, these reasons make the object of this study. Keywords: vocal improvisation, spontaneous creation, psychological process"
10
Heisel, Erin. "Empathy as a Tool for Embodiment Processes in Vocal Performance". Empirical Musicology Review 10, n. 1-2 (8 aprile 2015): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v10i1-2.4601.
Abstract (sommario):
One way of understanding empathy in music performance is as a process by which singers closely identify with the characters they encounter and portray in opera or art song. As singers embody these characters, they literally give them voice. Musical performance thus humanizes characters as well as performers and audiences as deeper, empathetic engagement may also reflect or elicit new pathways of growth, knowledge, and understanding. What is the process a singer goes through in empathizing with a character? How can young singers learn to empathize with the characters they are tasked with portraying, even when they may find the characters or their behavior to fall outside of their own moral convictions? This paper posits that empathy is a necessary part of the role preparation process for singers and introduces the “role journal” as a way for young singers to track embodiment processes and develop healthy habits of empathy and boundaries in their work.
11
Wright, Timothy F., e Christine R. Dahlin. "Vocal dialects in parrots: patterns and processes of cultural evolution". Emu - Austral Ornithology 118, n. 1 (12 ottobre 2017): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2017.1379356.
12
Alter, Andrew. "Key processes in the oral transmission of Hindustani vocal music". Musicology Australia 20, n. 1 (gennaio 1997): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08145857.1997.10415972.
13
Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, R. Wood, G. R. Carmichael, A. Clarke, J. Fast, R. George et al. "Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: the VOCA Intercomparison". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, n. 5 (12 marzo 2014): 6537–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-6537-2014.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. A diverse collection of models are used to simulate the marine boundary layer in the Southeast Pacific region during the period of the October–November 2008 VOCALS REx field campaign. Regional models simulate the period continuously in boundary-forced free-running mode, while global forecast models and GCMs are run in forecast mode. The models are compared to extensive observations along a line at 20° S extending westward from the South American coast. Most of the models simulate cloud and aerosol characteristics and gradients across the region that are recognizably similar to observations, despite the complex interaction of processes involved in the problem, many of which are parameterized or poorly resolved. Some models simulate the regional low cloud cover well, though many models underestimate MBL depth near the coast. Most models qualitatively simulate the observed offshore gradients of SO2, sulfate aerosol, CCN concentration in the MBL, and the related gradient in cloud droplet concentrations, but there are large quantitative intermodel differences in both means and gradients of these quantities. Most models underestimate large CCN (at 0.1% supersaturation) in the MBL and free troposphere. The GCMs also have difficulty simulating coastal gradients in CCN and cloud droplet number concentration. The overall performance of the models demonstrates their potential utility in simulating aerosol-cloud interactions in the MBL, though quantitative estimation of aerosol-cloud interactions and aerosol indirect effects of MBL clouds with these models remains uncertain.
14
Abur, Defne, Austeja Subaciute, Ayoub Daliri, Rosemary A. Lester-Smith, Ashling A. Lupiani, Dante Cilento, Nicole M. Enos, Hasini R. Weerathunge, Monique C. Tardif e Cara E. Stepp. "Feedback and Feedforward Auditory-Motor Processes for Voice and Articulation in Parkinson's Disease". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, n. 12 (13 dicembre 2021): 4682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00153.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose: Unexpected and sustained manipulations of auditory feedback during speech production result in “reflexive” and “adaptive” responses, which can shed light on feedback and feedforward auditory-motor control processes, respectively. Persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) have shown aberrant reflexive and adaptive responses, but responses appear to differ for control of vocal and articulatory features. However, these responses have not been examined for both voice and articulation in the same speakers and with respect to auditory acuity and functional speech outcomes (speech intelligibility and naturalness). Method: Here, 28 PwPD on their typical dopaminergic medication schedule and 28 age-, sex-, and hearing-matched controls completed tasks yielding reflexive and adaptive responses as well as auditory acuity for both vocal and articulatory features. Results: No group differences were found for any measures of auditory-motor control, conflicting with prior findings in PwPD while off medication. Auditory-motor measures were also compared with listener ratings of speech function: first formant frequency acuity was related to speech intelligibility, whereas adaptive responses to vocal fundamental frequency manipulations were related to speech naturalness. Conclusions: These results support that auditory-motor processes for both voice and articulatory features are intact for PwPD receiving medication. This work is also the first to suggest associations between measures of auditory-motor control and speech intelligibility and naturalness.
15
Peng, Li. "Research on Vocal Music Learning of College Students in Henan Province ：Self-efficacy and Cognition". Journal of Social Science and Humanities 6, n. 2 (30 aprile 2023): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jssh.2023.2.4.
Abstract (sommario):
Self-efficacy refers to people's confidence or belief in whether they can use the skills they possess to complete a certain job behavior or achieve the required ability for behavioral goals in a specific field. As a college vocal music teacher in Henan Province in the new era, while imparting vocal skills to college students, exploring more factors that can improve the professional skills of contemporary college students. In practice, found that the role of self-efficacy is multifaceted, and it affects students Behavioral choices, motivational efforts, cognitive processes, and emotional processes. Therefore, strengthening self-efficacy is of great significance for improving academic performance, enhancing learning motivation, and improving learning attitude. This paper explores the motivational issues related to vocal music learning, and discusses the significance of self-efficacy in vocal music learning and suggestions for training. As a teacher, it is necessary to recognize the importance of students’ self-efficacy training and adopt various methods and Means to cultivate students' sense of self-efficacy and promote the development of vocal music teaching in colleges and universities.
16
Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, R. Wood, G. R. Carmichael, A. Clarke, J. Fast, R. George et al. "Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: the VOCA intercomparison". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2015): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-153-2015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. A diverse collection of models are used to simulate the marine boundary layer in the southeast Pacific region during the period of the October–November 2008 VOCALS REx (VAMOS Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment) field campaign. Regional models simulate the period continuously in boundary-forced free-running mode, while global forecast models and GCMs (general circulation models) are run in forecast mode. The models are compared to extensive observations along a line at 20° S extending westward from the South American coast. Most of the models simulate cloud and aerosol characteristics and gradients across the region that are recognizably similar to observations, despite the complex interaction of processes involved in the problem, many of which are parameterized or poorly resolved. Some models simulate the regional low cloud cover well, though many models underestimate MBL (marine boundary layer) depth near the coast. Most models qualitatively simulate the observed offshore gradients of SO2, sulfate aerosol, CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) concentration in the MBL as well as differences in concentration between the MBL and the free troposphere. Most models also qualitatively capture the decrease in cloud droplet number away from the coast. However, there are large quantitative intermodel differences in both means and gradients of these quantities. Many models are able to represent episodic offshore increases in cloud droplet number and aerosol concentrations associated with periods of offshore flow. Most models underestimate CCN (at 0.1% supersaturation) in the MBL and free troposphere. The GCMs also have difficulty simulating coastal gradients in CCN and cloud droplet number concentration near the coast. The overall performance of the models demonstrates their potential utility in simulating aerosol–cloud interactions in the MBL, though quantitative estimation of aerosol–cloud interactions and aerosol indirect effects of MBL clouds with these models remains uncertain.
17
Castillo-Allendes, Adrián, Francisco Contreras-Ruston e Jeff Searl. "Auditory-vocal integration impairment: New challenges and opportunities for voice assessment and therapy". Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud 3, n. 2 (18 dicembre 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46634/riics.62.
Abstract (sommario):
This reflection paper addresses the importance of the interaction between voice perception and voice production, emphasizing the processes of auditory-vocal integration that are not yet widely reported in the context of voice clinicians. Given the above, this article seeks to 1) highlight the important link between voice production and voice perception and 2) consider whether this relationship might be exploited clinically for diagnostic purposes and therapeutic benefit. Existing theories on speech production and its interaction with auditory perception provide context for discussing why the evaluation of auditory-vocal processes could help identify associated origins of dysphonia and inform the clinician around appropriate management strategies. Incorporating auditory-vocal integration assessment through sensorimotor adaptation paradigm testing could prove to be an important addition to voice assessment protocols at the clinical level. Further, if future studies can specify the means to manipulate and enhance a person’s auditory-vocal integration, the efficiency of voice therapy could be increased, leading to improved quality of life for people with voice disorders.
18
Klimova, O. "Musical intention as a mean of communication in variety vocal ensemble". Culture of Ukraine, n. 77 (28 settembre 2022): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5325.077.11.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this article is to analyze the subject of musical intention and its role in the communicative processes of the performing form of a variety vocal ensemble. The study of scientific publications on the topic revealed that the concept of intention is thoroughly researched in the field of philosophy, but in musicology, especially in its variety field, it has not been studied enough.
The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the growing popularity of vocal ensembles on the modern stage and insufficient theoretical understanding of the processes within this form of performance.
The methodology. In the course of this study, we used the following general and special methods: structural-functional, comparative-analytical, sys-tem-comparative, induction method, functional and empirical. In combination, all these methods of scientific knowledge allow a wider and more detailed study of the specifics of the creative activity of a variety vocal ensemble.
The results. The subject of musical intention, as well as the participants in this process in the vocal ensemble, are highlighted. The influence of musical intention on the efficiency and success of the functioning of this performing form is analyzed. On the basis of our performing and teaching practice, as well as as a result of theoretical and empirical research, we come to the conclusion that the musical intention is of paramount importance at all stages of the creative activity of the variety vocal ensemble performing form and plays a key role in its development.
The scientific novelty. For the first time, the phenomenon of musical intention is studied as the main principle of the creative activity of a variety vocal ensemble. This subject is considered not only as an abstract phenomenon, but as the main link in all communication processes of the modern variety vocal ensemble.
The practical significance. The results obtained can be actively applied in the practice of existing professional ensembles, educational vocal groups, as well as in amateur ensemble creativity. The application of the principles of intentionality will help artistic directors and performers to work more effectively and professionally with the performing form of a variety vocal ensemble.
19
Guyer, Joshua J., Leandre R. Fabrigar e Thomas I. Vaughan-Johnston. "Speech Rate, Intonation, and Pitch: Investigating the Bias and Cue Effects of Vocal Confidence on Persuasion". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, n. 3 (7 agosto 2018): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218787805.
Abstract (sommario):
Three experiments were designed to investigate the effects and psychological mechanisms of three vocal qualities on persuasion. Experiment 1 ( N = 394) employed a 2 (elaboration: high vs. low) × 2 (vocal speed: fast vs. slow) × 2 (vocal intonation: falling vs. rising) between-participants factorial design. As predicted, vocal speed and vocal intonation influenced global perceptions of speaker confidence. Under high-elaboration, vocal confidence biased thought-favorability, which influenced attitudes. Under low-elaboration, vocal confidence directly influenced attitudes as a peripheral cue. Experiments 2 ( N = 412) and 3 ( N = 397) conceptually replicated the bias and cue effects in Experiment 1, using a 2 (elaboration: high vs. low) × 2 (vocal pitch: raised vs. lowered) between-participants factorial design. Vocal pitch influenced perceptions of speaker confidence as predicted. These studies demonstrate that changes in three vocal properties influence global perceptions of speaker confidence, influencing attitudes via different mediating processes moderated by amount of thought. Evaluation of alternative mediators in Experiments 2 and 3 failed to support these alternatives to global perceptions of speaker confidence.
20
Andics, Attila, e Ádám Miklósi. "Neural processes of vocal social perception: Dog-human comparative fMRI studies". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 85 (febbraio 2018): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.017.
21
Sims, H. Steven, e Barbara B. Heywood. "Post-transplant actinomycosis of the posterior glottis involving both vocal processes". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, n. 6 (dicembre 2007): 967–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.08.003.
22
Eltaif, Sua'ad Abd Ar-Rahman. "Natural Phonology: Natural Classes and Processes". JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 7, n. 3 (30 novembre 2023): 254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/lang.7.3.14.
Abstract (sommario):
Natural phonology is a linguistic theory developed by David Stampe and Patricia Donegan that seeks to explain the phonological patterns observed in human languages. The phonological processes are seen as natural and regular reactions to the limitations of the human vocal and auditory system. A natural class refers to a combination of segments which tend to behave similarly because they have features in common. The problem of this study is that NP heavily depends on theoretical arguments and introspection rather than empirical data. Only limited rules can categorize the natural classes and apply to features. This research aims at identifying the gist of the theory of natural phonology, clarifying its principles and processes. This study hypothesizes that there are no regular processes and there are phonological variation across languages. The model adopted of this study is Donegan and Stampe 1979. This study concludes that NP supposes that the samples of speech are governed by innate and universal set of phonological processes.
23
Candiotti, Agnès, Klaus Zuberbühler e Alban Lemasson. "Convergence and divergence in Diana monkey vocalizations". Biology Letters 8, n. 3 (11 gennaio 2012): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.1182.
Abstract (sommario):
Individually distinct vocalizations are widespread among social animals, presumably caused by variation in vocal tract anatomy. A less-explored source of individual variation is due to learned movement patterns of the vocal tract, which can lead to vocal convergence or divergence in social groups. We studied patterns of acoustic similarity in a social call produced by 14 female Diana monkeys ( Cercopithecus diana ) in two free-ranging groups. Calls showed variability in fundamental frequency contours owing to individual identity and external context. Vocal divergence increased significantly between females during poor visibility and tended to increase in the presence of neighbours. In contrast, vocal convergence increased significantly between females during vocal interactions, because females matched the frequency contour of their own call with another female's preceding call. Our findings demonstrate that these primates have some control over the acoustic fine structure of their most important social vocalization. Vocal convergence and divergence are two opposing processes that enable callers to ensure spatial proximity and social cohesion with other group members.
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Ueno, Ari, Satoshi Hirata, Kohki Fuwa, Keiko Sugama, Kiyo Kusunoki, Goh Matsuda, Hirokata Fukushima, Kazuo Hiraki, Masaki Tomonaga e Toshikazu Hasegawa. "Brain activity in an awake chimpanzee in response to the sound of her own name". Biology Letters 6, n. 3 (16 dicembre 2009): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0864.
Abstract (sommario):
The brain activity of a fully awake chimpanzee being presented with her name was investigated. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured for each of the following auditory stimuli: the vocal sound of the subject's own name (SON), the vocal sound of a familiar name of another group member, the vocal sound of an unfamiliar name and a non-vocal sound. Some differences in ERP waveforms were detected between kinds of stimuli at latencies at which P3 and Nc components are typically observed in humans. Following stimulus onset, an Nc-like negative shift at approximately 500 ms latency was observed, particularly in response to SON. Such specific ERP patterns suggest that the chimpanzee processes her name differently from other sounds.
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Team, Editor. "KAIDAH-KAIDAH FONOLOGI BAHASA SUMBA DIALEK KAMBERA". Jurnal Lazuardi 2, n. 2 (4 dicembre 2019): 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.53441/jl.vol2.iss2.5.
Abstract (sommario):
This study aims to address problems related to morpheme structure requirements and phonological processes and rules. The Kambera dialect (BSDK) has 24 origin segments consisting of nineteen consonant segments, namely / p, b, t, d, k, m, n, ŋ, ň, mb, nd, nj, ŋg, j, h , l, r, w, y /, and five vocal segments, i.e., u, e, o, a /. Phonetically, four vocal segments of them experience relaxation, such as / i, u, e, o / being [I, U, E, O]. To distinguish the twenty-four segments, fourteen distinguishing features are needed.
The segment (segment) found in BSDK is very limited, there are only vocal groups, whereas consonant groups are not found. To explain the possibility of existing vocal groups, a rule has been formulated, that is, if - then.
Vocal groups in BSDK include / i - u /, / i - a /, / u - a /, / u - i /, / e - u /, / e - i /, / o - i /, / a - i /, and / a - u /. To describe the phonological process that occurs, four phonological rules are needed, namely (1) vocal and semivocal insertion rules, (2) syllable repetition rules, and (3) vocal relaxation rules, and (4) vocal change rules.
26
Bachorowski, Jo-Anne, e Michael J. Owren. "Vocal Expression of Emotion: Acoustic Properties of Speech Are Associated With Emotional Intensity and Context". Psychological Science 6, n. 4 (luglio 1995): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00596.x.
Abstract (sommario):
Acoustic properties of speech likely provide external cues about internal emotional processes, a phenomenon called vocal expression of emotion Testing this supposition, we examined fundamental frequency (F0) and two perturbation measures, jitter and shimmer, in short speech samples recorded from subjects performing a lexical decision task Statistically significant differences were found between baseline and on-task values and as interaction effects involving differences in trait levels of emotional intensity and the proportion of success versus failure feedback received These results indicate that acoustic properties of speech can be used to index emotional processes and that characteristic differences in emotional intensity may mediate vocal expression of emotion
27
Kazil, J., H. Wang, G. Feingold, A. D. Clarke, J. R. Snider e A. R. Bandy. "Chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed to open cells during VOCALS-REx". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, n. 2 (9 febbraio 2011): 4687–748. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-4687-2011.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed- to open-cell circulation in the remote, cloudy marine boundary layer are explored. It has previously been shown that precipitation can initiate a transition from the closed- to the open-cellular state, but that the boundary layer cannot maintain this open-cell state without a resupply of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Potential sources include wind-driven production of sea salt particles from the ocean, nucleation from the gas phase, and entrainment from the free troposphere. In order to investigate aerosol sources in the marine boundary layer and their role in supplying new particles, we have coupled in detail chemical, aerosol, and cloud processes in the WRF/Chem model, and added state-of-the-art representations of sea salt emissions and aerosol nucleation. We introduce the new features of the model and conduct simulations of the marine boundary layer in the transition from a closed- to an open-cell state. Results are compared with observations in the Southeast Pacific boundary layer during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). The transition from the closed- to the open-cell state generates conditions that are conducive to nucleation by forming a cloud-scavenged, ultra-clean layer below the inversion base. Open cell wall updrafts loft dimethyl sulfide from the ocean surface into the ultra-clean layer, where it is oxidized during daytime to SO2 and subsequently to H2SO4. Low H2SO4 condensation sink values in the ultra-clean layer allow H2SO4 to rise to concentrations at which aerosol nucleation proceeds efficiently. The existence of the ultra-clean layer is confirmed by observations. We find that the observed DMS flux from the ocean in the VOCALS-REx region can support a nucleation source of aerosol in open cells that exceeds sea salt emissions in terms of the number of particles produced. The freshly nucleated, nanometer-sized aerosol particles need, however, time grow to sizes large enough to act as CCN. In contrast, mechanical production of particles from the ocean surface by near-surface winds provides a steady source of larger particles that are effective CCN at a rate exceeding a threshold for maintenance of open-cell circulation. Entrainment of aerosol from the free troposphere contributes significantly to boundary layer aerosol for the considered VOCALS-REx case, but less than sea salt aerosol emissions.
28
Van de Velde, E., A. Postma e H. Kolk. "Vocal latencies as indicators of phonological encoding processes in stutterers and nonstutterers". Journal of Fluency Disorders 19, n. 3 (settembre 1994): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)90204-6.
29
Sato, K., Y. Miyajima, S. Izumaru e T. Nakashima. "Cultured stellate cells in human vocal fold mucosa". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, n. 12 (3 aprile 2008): 1339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108002077.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectives:Stellate cells in the maculae flavae, located at both ends of the human vocal fold mucosa, have been considered an independent category of cells. We aimed to isolate and subculture these stellate cells, and to observe their morphological characteristics.Methods:Stellate cells from the maculae flavae and fibroblasts from Reinke's space were cultured in three normal, adult human vocal fold mucosa preparations.Results:The subcultured cells from Reinke's space were conventional fibroblasts. The subcultured cells from the maculae flavae were stellate in shape and had cytoplasmic processes. They were larger than conventional fibroblasts, and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm disappeared in the second culture. These stellate cells proliferated by attaching their cytoplasmic processes to each other. During the seven to 10 month subculture period, each cell type continued to exhibit its own morphological characteristics.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that such stellate cells form an independent cell category, which should be considered as a new category of cells within the human vocal fold.
30
Filippi, Piera. "Emotional Voice Intonation: A Communication Code at the Origins of Speech Processing and Word-Meaning Associations?" Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 44, n. 4 (21 luglio 2020): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-020-00337-z.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The aim of the present work is to investigate the facilitating effect of vocal emotional intonation on the evolution of the following processes involved in language: (a) identifying and producing phonemes, (b) processing compositional rules underlying vocal utterances, and (c) associating vocal utterances with meanings. To this end, firstly, I examine research on the presence of these abilities in animals, and the biologically ancient nature of emotional vocalizations. Secondly, I review research attesting to the facilitating effect of emotional voice intonation on these abilities in humans. Thirdly, building on these studies in animals and humans, and through taking an evolutionary perspective, I provide insights for future empirical work on the facilitating effect of emotional intonation on these three processes in animals and preverbal humans. In this work, I highlight the importance of a comparative approach to investigate language evolution empirically. This review supports Darwin’s hypothesis, according to which the ability to express emotions through voice modulation was a key step in the evolution of spoken language.
31
Klimenko, Vyacheslav. "Aerodynamic patterns of sound functioning in vocal music". Muzykal'nyj al'manah Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n. 13 (2022): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/26188929/13/11.
Abstract (sommario):
The article presents a view of the singing process of a vocalist from the point of view of the connection of this process with the laws of aerodynamics. Some concepts from the sphere of physics - aerodynamics are given, a number of singing features are considered. This approach is unusual for the traditionally pedagogical and humanitarian approach of most authors. It is also very important that the singing process is described at once from different approaches.
32
Romero Andonegi, Asier, Irati de Pablo Delgado, Aintzane Etxebarria Lejarreta e Ainara Romero Andonegi. "Dynamic processes of intermodal coordination in the ontogenesis of language". Gesture 18, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2019): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.00033.rom.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the multimodal communicative patterns used by infants during their first-words transition period. The combinatorial patterns of twelve children living in Basque Country with different mother tongues were analyzed longitudinally from 9 to 21 months of age. A total of 4,299 communicative behaviors were recorded and coded (vocalizations, gestures, and pragmatic functions). Results showed a significant increase in multimodal communicative patterns from 12 months onwards, and differences in the infants’ vocal construction depending on the specific types of gestures involved. Thus, it was observed that gestures and speech combinations have influence on the child’s pragmatic function and vocalizations structure.
33
Ben-Porat, Guy. "Between power and hegemony; business communities in peace processes". Review of International Studies 31, n. 2 (aprile 2005): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210505006479.
Abstract (sommario):
The support that businessmen and business organisations displayed for the peace processes in Israel and Northern Ireland was open and vocal, underscoring the supposed linkage between globalisation, peace and economic growth, and the supposed leadership role of business. The purpose of this study is to examine the motivations of the business communities in Israel and Northern Ireland in becoming involved in the peace processes, their organisation to promote peace, decision-making processes at critical junctures, and their actual impact on the political outcomes. Study of the business communities demonstrates that their empowerment enabled them to exert political influence but fell short of hegemony that would enable them to set the wider political agenda. The impact of both business communities, for different reasons, was therefore limited.
34
Camaioni, Milena, Serena Scarpelli, Valentina Alfonsi, Maurizio Gorgoni, Mina De Bartolo, Rossana Calzolari e Luigi De Gennaro. "The Influence of Sleep Talking on Nocturnal Sleep and Sleep-Dependent Cognitive Processes". Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, n. 21 (1 novembre 2022): 6489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216489.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Sleep talking (ST) is characterized by the production of unaware verbal vocal activations (VBs) during sleep. ST seems potentially linked to linguistic and memory consolidation processes. However, sleep and dream characteristics and the relationship between verbal vocalizations (VBs) and cognitive functions are still unknown. Our study aimed to investigate qualitative sleep and dream features in sleep talkers (STs) compared to healthy subjects (CNTs) through retrospective and longitudinal measures and explore the relationship between ST and memory consolidation. Methods: We recruited N = 29 STs and N = 30 CNTs (age range of 18–35). Participants recorded their dreams and filled out sleep logs for seven consecutive days. Vocal activations of STs were audio-recorded. On the eighth day, we administered a word-pair task. Results: We showed that STs had significantly worse self-reported sleep quality. VBs were positively correlated with sleep fragmentation and negatively associated with the oneiric emotional load. No difference between groups was found in the memory consolidation rate. Conclusions: Although ST is a benign phenomenon, we revealed that ST is associated with more sleep alterations and lower emotional intensity of dreams. In this vein, we support that ST depends on sleep fragmentation and could represent a potential window into sleep-dependent cognitive processes.
35
Poznyakovskiy, Anton A., Alexander Mainka, Ivan Platzek e Dirk Mürbe. "A Fast Semiautomatic Algorithm for Centerline-Based Vocal Tract Segmentation". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/906356.
Abstract (sommario):
Vocal tract morphology is an important factor in voice production. Its analysis has potential implications for educational matters as well as medical issues like voice therapy. The knowledge of the complex adjustments in the spatial geometry of the vocal tract during phonation is still limited. For a major part, this is due to difficulties in acquiring geometry data of the vocal tract in the process of voice production. In this study, a centerline-based segmentation method using active contours was introduced to extract the geometry data of the vocal tract obtained with MRI during sustained vowel phonation. The applied semiautomatic algorithm was found to be time- and interaction-efficient and allowed performing various three-dimensional measurements on the resulting model. The method is suitable for an improved detailed analysis of the vocal tract morphology during speech or singing which might give some insights into the underlying mechanical processes.
36
Kazil, J., H. Wang, G. Feingold, A. D. Clarke, J. R. Snider e A. R. Bandy. "Modeling chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed to open cells during VOCALS-REx". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, n. 15 (1 agosto 2011): 7491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7491-2011.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Chemical and aerosol processes in the transition from closed- to open-cell circulation in the remote, cloudy marine boundary layer are explored. It has previously been shown that precipitation can initiate a transition from the closed- to the open-cellular state, but that the boundary layer cannot maintain this open-cell state without a resupply of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Potential sources of CCN include wind-driven production of sea salt from the ocean, nucleation from the gas phase, and entrainment from the free troposphere. In order to investigate CCN sources in the marine boundary layer and their role in supplying new particles, we have coupled in detail chemical, aerosol, and cloud processes in the WRF/Chem model, and added state-of-the-art representations of sea salt emissions and aerosol nucleation. We conduct numerical simulations of the marine boundary layer in the transition from a closed- to an open-cell state. Results are compared with observations in the Southeast Pacific boundary layer during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). The transition from the closed- to the open-cell state generates conditions that are conducive to nucleation by forming a cloud-scavenged, ultra-clean layer below the inversion base. Open cell updrafts loft dimethyl sulfide from the ocean surface into the ultra-clean layer, where it is oxidized during daytime to SO2 and subsequently to H2SO4. Low H2SO4 condensation sink values in the ultra-clean layer allow H2SO4 to rise to concentrations at which aerosol nucleation produces new aerosol in significant numbers. The existence of the ultra-clean layer is confirmed by observations. We find that the observed DMS flux from the ocean in the VOCALS-REx region can support a nucleation source of aerosol in open cells that exceeds sea salt emissions in terms of the number of particles produced. The freshly nucleated, nanometer-sized aerosol particles need, however, time to grow to sizes large enough to act as CCN. In contrast, mechanical production of particles from the ocean surface by near-surface winds provides a steady source of larger particles that are effective CCN at a rate exceeding a threshold for maintenance of open-cell circulation. Entrainment of aerosol from the free troposphere contributes significantly to boundary layer aerosol for the considered VOCALS-REx case, but less than sea salt aerosol emissions.
37
Kaatz, Ingrid M., Donald J. Stewart, Aaron N. Rice e Phillip S. Lobel. "Differences in pectoral fin spine morphology between vocal and silent clades of catfishes (Order Siluriformes): Ecomorphological implications". Current Zoology 56, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2010): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.1.73.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Stridulatory sound-producing behavior is widespread across catfish families, but some are silent. To understand why, we compared spine morphology and ecotype of silent and vocal clades. We determined vocal ability of laboratory specimens during disturbance behavior. Vocal families had bony (not flexible or segmented) spines, well-developed anterior and/or posterior serrations, and statistically significantly longer spines. We compared morphology of the proximal end of the pectoral spine between vocal and silent species. For vocal taxa, microscopic rounded or bladed ridges or knobs were present on the dorsal process. Most silent species had reduced processes with exclusively smooth, convoluted, or honeycombed surfaces very similar to spine-locking surfaces, or they had novel surfaces (beaded, vacuolated, cobwebbed). Most callichthyids had ridges but many were silent during disturbance. All doradid, most auchenipterid and most mochokid species were vocal and had ridges or knobs. Within the Auchenipteridae, vocal species had spines with greater weight and serration development but not length. Silent auchenipterids had thin, brittle, distally segmented spines with few microscopic serrations on only one margin and a highly reduced dorsal process lacking any known vocal morphology. Silent auchenipterids are derived and pelagic, while all vocal genera are basal and benthopelagic. This is the first phylogenetic evidence for stridulation mechanism loss within catfishes. Phylogenetic mapping of vocal ability, spine condition, and ecotype revealed the repeated presence of silence and vocal taxa, short and long spines, and ecotype shifts within clades. The appearance and loss of vocal behavior and supporting morphologies may have facilitated diversification among catfishes.
38
Nikolai, Halyna, Mirosław Kisiel e Yan Peng. "Vocal education in the context of intercultural communication: Experience of teaching chinese students". International Journal of Chinese Education 12, n. 1 (gennaio 2023): 2212585X2311697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2212585x231169741.
Abstract (sommario):
The article considers vocal education in an intercultural communication perspective, presents corresponding Polish research and experience of Chinese students training in Ukrainian universities. The result of the study is the idea of creating a kind of multi-aesthetic synthesis, where a specific association of vocal activities in different cultures will be made. One example of this is a project that will contain both the European vocal technique elements and the Chinese singing tradition in one performance. The article proves that internationalization processes in higher art education create the context of intercultural communication in the process of vocal training of Chinese students and a new trend emerges – research area of Chinese PhD students in Ukrainian universities. The studies of Chinese researchers conducted in Ukraine contribute to the achievement of the specified synthesis.
39
Link, Dana Thompson, Thomas V. McCaffrey, Michael J. Link, William E. Krauss e M. Troy Ferguson. "Cervicomedullary Compression: An Unrecognized Cause of Vocal Cord Paralysis in Rheumatoid Arthritis". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, n. 6 (giugno 1998): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700603.
Abstract (sommario):
Cervicomedullary compression (CMC) from traumatic, infectious, or congenital processes of the atlanto-axial joint is a known cause of vocal cord immobility. Cervicomedullary compression can also occur from destructive arthritic changes and inflammatory pannus formation at the occipito-atlanto-axial joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We present findings suggesting that CMC in patients with RA is an unrecognized cause of vocal cord immobility. Previously, vocal cord immobility in patients with RA has been assumed to be cricoarytenoid arthritis with joint fixation. We report 3 patients with RA and radiographically demonstrated CMC with vocal cord immobility. One patient had bilateral vocal cord immobility and airway obstruction; 2 patients had unilateral cord paralysis and contralateral paresis without airway compromise. All patients had myelopathy and neck pain in addition to brain stem symptoms. All patients underwent transoral-transpharyngeal decompression of the anterior craniocervical junction with subsequent posterior fusion. These patients demonstrated full return of vocal cord function within 3 months of decompression. We propose that CMC is a cause of vocal cord paralysis in patients with RA that may go unrecognized without appropriate imaging studies of the skull base and physician awareness of symptoms of occipito-atlanto-axial subluxation and/or basilar invagination with brain stem compression. Our results demonstrate that CMC in RA is a potentially reversible cause of vocal cord paralysis.
40
Yousef, Ahmed M., Dimitar D. Deliyski, Stephanie R. C. Zacharias, Alessandro de Alarcon, Robert F. Orlikoff e Maryam Naghibolhosseini. "A Hybrid Machine-Learning-Based Method for Analytic Representation of the Vocal Fold Edges during Connected Speech". Applied Sciences 11, n. 3 (27 gennaio 2021): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031179.
Abstract (sommario):
Investigating the phonatory processes in connected speech from high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) demands the accurate detection of the vocal fold edges during vibration. The present paper proposes a new spatio-temporal technique to automatically segment vocal fold edges in HSV data during running speech. The HSV data were recorded from a vocally normal adult during a reading of the “Rainbow Passage.” The introduced technique was based on an unsupervised machine-learning (ML) approach combined with an active contour modeling (ACM) technique (also known as a hybrid approach). The hybrid method was implemented to capture the edges of vocal folds on different HSV kymograms, extracted at various cross-sections of vocal folds during vibration. The k-means clustering method, an ML approach, was first applied to cluster the kymograms to identify the clustered glottal area and consequently provided an initialized contour for the ACM. The ACM algorithm was then used to precisely detect the glottal edges of the vibrating vocal folds. The developed algorithm was able to accurately track the vocal fold edges across frames with low computational cost and high robustness against image noise. This algorithm offers a fully automated tool for analyzing the vibratory features of vocal folds in connected speech.
41
Belyk, Michel, Peter Q. Pfordresher, Mario Liotti e Steven Brown. "The Neural Basis of Vocal Pitch Imitation in Humans". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, n. 4 (aprile 2016): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00914.
Abstract (sommario):
Vocal imitation is a phenotype that is unique to humans among all primate species, and so an understanding of its neural basis is critical in explaining the emergence of both speech and song in human evolution. Two principal neural models of vocal imitation have emerged from a consideration of nonhuman animals. One hypothesis suggests that putative mirror neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis of Broca's area may be important for imitation. An alternative hypothesis derived from the study of songbirds suggests that the corticostriate motor pathway performs sensorimotor processes that are specific to vocal imitation. Using fMRI with a sparse event-related sampling design, we investigated the neural basis of vocal imitation in humans by comparing imitative vocal production of pitch sequences with both nonimitative vocal production and pitch discrimination. The strongest difference between these tasks was found in the putamen bilaterally, providing a striking parallel to the role of the analogous region in songbirds. Other areas preferentially activated during imitation included the orofacial motor cortex, Rolandic operculum, and SMA, which together outline the corticostriate motor loop. No differences were seen in the inferior frontal gyrus. The corticostriate system thus appears to be the central pathway for vocal imitation in humans, as predicted from an analogy with songbirds.
42
Davidova, Jelena, Galina Zavadska, Asta Rauduvaite e Ming-Jen Chuang. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COORDINATION BETWEEN 6-8 YEARS OLD CHILDREN’S MUSICAL HEARING AND VOCAL APPARATUS". SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (26 maggio 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol4.2437.
Abstract (sommario):
In the present article, the psychological aspects of the development and process of coordination between 6-8 years old children’s musical hearing and vocal apparatus are considered, among which an important role is played by such cognitive processes as music perception, representation of musical hearing, musical thinking, musical memory and self-control. This research aims at studying the psychological aspects of the process of coordination of musical hearing and vocal apparatus between 6-8 years old children.
43
Avhad, Amit, Zheng Li, Azure Wilson, Lea Sayce, Siyuan Chang, Bernard Rousseau e Haoxiang Luo. "Subject-Specific Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of Rabbit Vocal Fold Vibration". Fluids 7, n. 3 (6 marzo 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7030097.
Abstract (sommario):
A full three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) study of subject-specific vocal fold vibration is carried out based on the previously reconstructed vocal fold models of rabbit larynges. Our primary focuses are the vibration characteristics of the vocal fold, the unsteady 3D flow field, and comparison with a recently developed 1D glottal flow model that incorporates machine learning. The 3D FSI model applies strong coupling between the finite-element model for the vocal fold tissue and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation for the flow. Five different samples of the rabbit larynx, reconstructed from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after the in vivo phonation experiments, are used in the FSI simulation. These samples have distinct geometries and a different inlet pressure measured in the experiment. Furthermore, the material properties of the vocal fold tissue were determined previously for each individual sample. The results demonstrate that the vibration and the intraglottal pressure from the 3D flow simulation agree well with those from the 1D flow model based simulation. Further 3D analyses show that the inferior and supraglottal geometries play significant roles in the FSI process. Similarity of the flow pattern with the human vocal fold is discussed. This study supports the effective usage of rabbit larynges to understand human phonation and will help guide our future computational studies that address vocal fold disorders.
44
Corbo, Daniele, e Guy A. Orban. "Observing Others Speak or Sing Activates Spt and Neighboring Parietal Cortex". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, n. 6 (giugno 2017): 1002–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01103.
Abstract (sommario):
To obtain further evidence that action observation can serve as a proxy for action execution and planning in posterior parietal cortex, we scanned participants while they were (1) observing two classes of action: vocal communication and oral manipulation, which share the same effector but differ in nature, and (2) rehearsing and listening to nonsense sentences to localize area Spt, thought to be involved in audio-motor transformation during speech. Using this localizer, we found that Spt is specifically activated by vocal communication, indicating that Spt is not only involved in planning speech but also in observing vocal communication actions. In addition, we observed that Spt is distinct from the parietal region most specialized for observing vocal communication, revealed by an interaction contrast and located in PFm. The latter region, unlike Spt, processes the visual and auditory signals related to other's vocal communication independently. Our findings are consistent with the view that several small regions in the temporoparietal cortex near the ventral part of the supramarginal/angular gyrus border are involved in the planning of vocal communication actions and are also concerned with observation of these actions, though involvements in those two aspects are unequal.
45
Zandberg, Lies, Robert F. Lachlan, Luca Lamoni e Ellen C. Garland. "Global cultural evolutionary model of humpback whale song". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, n. 1836 (6 settembre 2021): 20200242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0242.
Abstract (sommario):
Humpback whale song is an extraordinary example of vocal cultural behaviour. In northern populations, the complex songs show long-lasting traditions that slowly evolve, while in the South Pacific, periodic revolutions occur when songs are adopted from neighbouring populations and rapidly spread. In this species, vocal learning cannot be studied in the laboratory, learning is instead inferred from the songs' complexity and patterns of transmission. Here, we used individual-based cultural evolutionary simulations of the entire Southern and Northern Hemisphere humpback whale populations to formalize this process of inference. We modelled processes of song mutation and patterns of contact among populations and compared our model with patterns of song theme sharing measured in South Pacific populations. Low levels of mutation in combination with rare population interactions were sufficient to closely fit the pattern of diversity in the South Pacific, including the distinctive pattern of west-to-east revolutions. Interestingly, the same learning parameters that gave rise to revolutions in the Southern Hemisphere simulations gave rise to evolutionary patterns of cultural evolution in the Northern Hemisphere populations. Our study demonstrates how cultural evolutionary approaches can be used to make inferences about the learning processes underlying cultural transmission and how they might generate emergent population-level processes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.
46
Koval, Vasyl. "Ritual folk vocal art of Ukrainians of Northern Moldova: Transformation and Modification Processes". Problems of music ethnology 15 (29 ottobre 2020): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4212.2020.15.219372.
47
Watts, Jon M., e Joseph M. Stookey. "Vocal behaviour in cattle: the animal's commentary on its biological processes and welfare". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 67, n. 1-2 (marzo 2000): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00108-2.
48
Blackburn, Anton. "Voices That Matter: Authenticity, Identity, and Voice in the Musical Career of Lana Del Rey". Nota Bene: Canadian Undergraduate Journal of Musicology 13, n. 1 (15 giugno 2020): 84–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/notabene.v13i1.8579.
Abstract (sommario):
Discursive authentications of singing voices in pop music reception are often rooted in gendered expectations. Moving away from essentialist understandings of the ‘authentic voice,’ this article proffers that voices are formatively entangled in processes of subjectification. Lana Del Rey is a singer whose (vocal) career has been considered inauthentic in the discourse of journalists, particularly when she first rose to stardom in 2011 via YouTube. Del Rey is a prime example of the contemporary values of artistic personae in pop culture, as her career has been so bound to notions of authenticity and sounding authentic. Through an analysis of the vocal aesthetics of Del Rey and the discourse that surrounds her, the notion of ‘vocal ontogenesis’ is developed. This concept moves from subjectification as an ontologically complete instance to subjectification as a never-ending process. The notion of vocal ontogenesis becomes useful for comprehending the complex aggregations of which the voice is a component, and more broadly implies the need for further study of vocal materialism, setting an agenda for decentered examinations of voice, gender, and authenticity.
49
Mykhailets, Viktoriia. "Neuropedagogy as a perspective direction of vocal educational work". Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 68, n. 68 (28 novembre 2023): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-68.05.
Abstract (sommario):
Statement of the problem. The question of the quality of education in one way or another is raised by almost all recent studies in the field of education. Both domestic and foreign scientists insist on the importance of innovative changes in the educational process. Cognitive technologies of neuropedagogy can become one of the most effective innovative methods of learning, education and self-development. Neuropedagogy is based on the classical principles of pedagogy, psychology, neurology, cybernetics and reflects a person-oriented approach in the educational process. The goal of neuropedagogy is to optimally and creatively solve pedagogical tasks in practice, using knowledge about the individual features of the brain organization of higher mental functions. Neuropedagogy studies neuropedagogical systems, their properties and processes. Obiectives, methods, and novelty of the research. Neuropedagogy almost did not attract the attention of domestic authors, therefore the issues discussed in the article are of a topical nature and include elements of scientific novelty. The purpose of the article is to define and consider some of the aspects of neuropedagogy that can become the basis for innovative directions in vocal education. The main research methods were analysis and synthesis when studying the Ukrainian and foreign experience of implementing the principles of neuropedagogy in the educational process; method of systematization for determining the provisions of neuropedagogy essential for vocal education. Research results and conclusion. Vocal pedagogy is based on the general psychophysiological characteristics of a person, the peculiarities of his higher nervous activity. The system of vocal and performance skills is a complex of conditioned reflex actions, most of which have already been studied, but the search for new knowledge about the capabilities of the human body does not stop. The practical application of such knowledge is also useful in vocal pedagogy. Among the various methods and principles of teaching offered by neuropedagogy, as the most essential for working in the vocal class, we have identified the following: the reliance of perception on the unity of analysis-synthesis processes; taking into account the features of simultaneous perception (the effect of peripheral perception) and controlling the directions of attention; unity of conscious and unconscious processes; features of memory (emotionally colored, spatial-visual memorization); the importance of freedom in the educational process; application of the phenomenon of emotional and psychological resonance in the formation of vocal and performing skills; the development of the musician’s individual sphere as the embodiment of a personally oriented approach to learning. The application of the principles of neuropedagogy in the educational process can become an additional factor that will contribute to the individualization of education, the introduction of a personally oriented approach to the education of specialists in various creative fields in general and in vocal art in particular.
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Sakthivel, S., e V. Prabhu. "Optimal Deep Learning-Based Vocal Fold Disorder Detection and Classification Model on High-Speed Video Endoscopy". Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (17 ottobre 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4248938.
Abstract (sommario):
The use of high-speed video-endoscopy (HSV) in the study of phonatory processes linked to speech needs the precise identification of vocal fold boundaries at the time of vibration. The HSV is a unique laryngeal imaging technology that captures intracycle vocal fold vibrations at a higher frame rate without the need for auditory inputs. The HSV is also effective in identifying the vibrational characteristics of the vocal folds with an increased temporal resolution during retained phonation and flowing speech. Clinically significant vocal fold vibratory characteristics in running speech can be retrieved by creating automated algorithms for extracting HSV-based vocal fold vibration data. The best deep learning-based diagnosis and categorization of vocal fold abnormalities is due to the usage of HSV (ODL-VFDDC). The suggested ODL-VFDDC technique starts with temporal segmentation and motion correction to identify vocalized regions from the HSV recording and gathers the position of movable vocal folds across frames. The attributes gathered are fed into the deep belief network (DBN) model. Furthermore, the agricultural fertility algorithm (AFA) is used to optimize the hyperparameter tuning of the DBN model, which improves classification results. In terms of vocal fold disorder classification, the testing results demonstrated that the ODL-VFDDC technique beats the other existing methodologies. The farmland fertility algorithm (FFA) is then used to accurately determine the glottal limits of vibrating vocal folds. The suggested method has successfully tracked the speech fold boundaries across frames with minimum processing cost and high resilience to picture noise. This method gives a way to look at how the vocal folds move during a connected speech that is completely done by itself.