Tesi sul tema "Procédé de valorisation"
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Gaudreau, Éric. "Développement d'un procédé de valorisation de la peau de volaille". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/MQ40585.pdf.
Bouillaud, Alain. "Valorisation chimique du glycérol : approche du procédé de synthèse de l'épibromhydrine". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT007G.
Renaud, Nicolas. "Hydroisomérisation de n-paraffines : valorisation des effluents du Procédé Fischer-Tropsch". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20188.
Fischer-Tropsch process allows to obtain high quality lubricant bases and clean fuels from natural gas. In this goal, the n-paraffins produced have to be upgraded through a hydroconversion step aiming the isomerization of chains. In order to better understand the mechanisms involved, different bifunctional catalysts have been studied for the hydroconversion of n-hexadecane on a lab-scale trickle bed reactor. These catalysts are : a benchmark Pt/EMT, two commercial catalysts (Pt-Pd/SiO2-Al2O3), tungstated zirconias, as well as a new class of mordénite-based micro/mesoporous composite catalyst. A specific study highlighted the effects of mechanical treatments on activity and selectivity of tungstated zirconias. Relations between physico-chemical characterizations of the catalysts and their activities and selectivities for the hydroconversion of n-hexadecane were established
Zhang, Jin Bai. "Procédé de traitement anaérobie des boues et de valorisation du biogaz". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL106N/document.
The present work is focused on developing an original micro to mesoscale approach to investigate various phenomena and then to intensify the performance of a reactor. At mesoscale, the emphasis is given to the interactions between granular sludge particles as well as the biogas production efficiency in a 2D reactor under various hydrodynamic conditions at different concentrations of substrate. Then, within the microdevices, a single sludge particle of various sizes was used under different operating conditions such as superficial liquid velocity and concentration of substrate. The effect of different hydrodynamic conditions and concentration of substrate was studied
Girods, Pierre. "Procédé multi-étagé de valorisation de déchets bois type panneaux de particules". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10026/document.
Within the environmental contexts of power generation and waste disposal, the present works deals with the validation and the optimisation of a multistage thermo chemical process of particleboard waste conversion (enhancement). These wastes are mostly associated with urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resins which contain a huge amount of nitrogen. Nitrogen causes the production of pollutants such as ammonia, isocyanic acid, cyanhydric acid and NOx… during classical thermo chemical process (combustion, pyrolysis and gasification). The process studied aims in a first time to remove nitrogen species from waste to produce a combustible solid and in a second time to convert this residual solid in a combustible gas. The first step consists in a low temperature pyrolysis (250°C to 400°C) during 3 to 15 minutes and assumes to eliminate 70 % of the initial nitrogen content for all studied conditions. The pyrolysis and/or the pyrolysis / gasification under water of the residue are then studied between 800°C and 1000°C. The higher temperature of reaction (1000°C) improves the production of gases and the energy efficiency of this second step and allow the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gases. The pyrolysis / gasification under water allows a total conversion of the solid which optimises the energy efficiency of the process. However, the pyrolysis under nitrogen produces a lower amount of gases but helps to catch a part of the nitrogen in the residual char. The char then produced is converted through an activation step, in an active char containing nitrogen functionalities with high adsorption capacities, especially for the trapping of phenol or other aromatic compounds in liquid phase. This multistage is thus a interesting way to enhance low cost raw matter like particleboard waste
Lhuissier, Margaux. "Eco-procédé de traitement des COV et de valorisation d'huiles de collecte". Thesis, Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCR0056.
The objective of this work was to offer an ecological and economical process for the treatment of a complex mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), emitted by a hazardous waste collection company (Chimirec, Javené). The coupling of VOC absorption in waste oils, available on the industrial site, and its biological regeneration in a multiphasic bioreactor (« Two-Phase Partitioning Bioreactor ») was studied. The steps of the process were optimized at laboratory-scale and then on a pilot-scale installation on the industrial site. Among the waste oils available as organic phase for VOC absorption, lubricant and transformer oil were selected on the basis of scientific and commercial criteria. Transformer oil showed similar absorption performances compared to silicone oil, taken as reference, while lubricant was too viscous to ensure a satisfactory VOC removal. Nevertheless, batch experiments showed that biological regeneration is not compatible with waste oils. Indeed, waste oils being degraded before VOC in the two-phase bioreactor, these latter could not be satisfactory removed. However, experiments showed that thermal regeneration of waste oils by distillation at high temperature may be an interesting approach. Experiments were then led at pilot-scale with silicone oil, known as being not biodegradable. Satisfactory and constant performances of the process were observed during several weeks
Riou, Fabienne. "Procédé de traitement des déchets de circuits imprimés : valorisation par dépolymérisation chimique". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0906.
Zhang, Xin. "Procédé hydrométallurgique pour la valorisation du nickel contenu dans les plantes hyperaccumulatrices". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0172/document.
Some plants, known as hyperaccumulators, are able to develop on metal containing soils and to accumulate these metals at high concentrations in shoots. Biomass incineration leads to ash containing 10 to 25 wt % nickels, greater than in some mineral ores. This work follows a research that has been carried out by the team for several years, which has resulted in a patent on the hydrometallurgical production of the double salt ammonium and nickel hexahydrate (ANSH) from the biomass of Alyssum murale. It aims at improving the synthesis method of this salt in order to upscale it at the pilot scale and explore new methods leading to new products. The manuscript begins with a bibliographic review on phytomining from hyperaccumulators to metal recycling processes, essentially focused on nickel. Then ca 15 hyperaccumulator plants (genus Alyssum, Leptoplax and Bornmuellera) collected in Greece or Albania have been compared, in the objective of phytomining. Nickel concentrations were measured in the plant organs and in the ashes after combustion. The three types of plants are of great interest for the technology, they contain 1 to 3 wt % of nickel and the ashes 15 to 20%. The hydrometallurgical process of ANSH production was investigated step by step to optimize each step to produce a salt of high purity, to decrease materials and energy consumption and to minimize effluent and waste production. The process was thus improved. Eventually, new ideas have been tested for new processes and nickel products. The obtained results and the current dynamics prove the interest of phytomining and announce its imminent development
Brassier, Cécile. "Etude d'un procédé de valorisation du molybdène (VI) par extraction par solvant organophosphoré". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30109.
Moulin, Ludovic. "Vapothermolyse des pneus usagés. Valorisation du noir de carbone récupéré, relation procédé-produit". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0015/document.
According to the European Tyre Recycling Association (ETRA), more than 3 millions tonnes of waste tires are to be treated in Europe each year and are subject to legislation and regulation policies for the re-use and recycling of 95 % of the total mass of end-of-life vehicles. Despite the various opportunities for recycling used tires (civil engineering applications, material recovery, energy recovery), a part of the French available resource remains unvalued and none of the applications just mentioned focuses specifically on the recovery of carbon black, which is one of the main component of a tire. This high added value product is mainly used as reinforcing filler in the rubber and plastics industries. There are two types of industrialized thermal processes for recovering the carbon black from an end-of-life tire : pyrolysis and steam thermolysis. Steam thermolysis, currently industrialized by Alpha Recyclage Franche Comté (ARFC), is an efficient pyrolysis alternative which uses superheated steam at atmospheric pressure. The substitution of carbon blacks produced from a conventional manufacturing process by carbon blacks recovered from the steam thermolysis treatment is based upon the quality of the recycled product, especially regarding its physicochemical properties (intrinsic and surface). The objective of this work is to propose and implement an adequate methodology to recover and characterize the physicochemical properties of recovered carbon black (rCB) from steam thermolysis of a tire, to assess the impact of the process operating conditions on the properties of the rCB, and finally to valorize the rCB as an alternative reinforcing filler for the elaboration of a final product
Blanchet, Elise. "Conception d'un procédé d'électrosynthèse microbienne". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15853/1/Blanchet_elise.pdf.
Daudon, Dominique. "Remblais allégés en déchets de matières plastiques : étude du procédé Plastbloc". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10035.
Dali-Braham, Madjid. "Renforcement des sols par des nappes d'éléments souples et discontinus : étude du procédé Plasterre". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10100.
El, Mahdii Halima. "Valorisation des hémicelluloses : procédé de séparation de L-arabinose et synthèse de polyols furanniques". Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT015G.
Bennani, Anas. "Fractionnement des agroressources : valorisation des hémicelluloses extraites de Picea Abies par le procédé organocell". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT012G.
Gouedard, Véronique. "Le lithium d'Echassières : développement d'un procédé de valorisation de la lépidolite par voie sulfurique". Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2035.
Sales, Silva Luiz Paulo. "Procédé de séparation par formation sélective d'hydrates de gaz pour la valorisation du biogaz". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY021/document.
Biogas represents an alternative path to fossil energies. It is composed mainly by methane and carbon dioxide. This couple must be separated in a gas separation process. In recent years, the new process based on gas hydrate formation (GSHF) has taken special attention in academic community. Besides, the use of thermodynamic promoters can increase the efficiency of the process. Since GSFH is based on phase transition phenomenon, knowledge about phase equilibria is essential. In this project, we have selected and studied four thermodynamic promoters (tretrabutylammonium bromide / TBAB; tetrabutylphosphonium bromide / TBPB; tributylphosphine oxide / TBPO; tetrahydropyran / THP) that have potential to improve GSFH process of biogas in terms of stability gain (less energy consumption), kinetics and selectivity. One part of this project consisted in determining the gas hydrate equilibrium conditions involving these promoters and the different gas phases (CO2, CH4 and simulated biogas). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were applied to measure the phase transition temperatures. Therefore, new phase equilibrium data were determined for the promoter/gas hydrate systems. In the second part of the project, we carried out quantitative measurements in an instrumented reactor in order to evaluate the GSFH process for upgrading biogas. Each promoter was evaluated in kinetics and thermodynamics aspects, such as crystal growth rate, amount of gas trapped into the hydrate phase, and selectivity. The optimization of the hydrate formation / dissociation cycle showed excellent results in terms of kinetics improvement
Sales, Silva Luiz Paulo. "Procédé de séparation par formation sélective d'hydrates de gaz pour la valorisation du biogaz". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY021.
Biogas represents an alternative path to fossil energies. It is composed mainly by methane and carbon dioxide. This couple must be separated in a gas separation process. In recent years, the new process based on gas hydrate formation (GSHF) has taken special attention in academic community. Besides, the use of thermodynamic promoters can increase the efficiency of the process. Since GSFH is based on phase transition phenomenon, knowledge about phase equilibria is essential. In this project, we have selected and studied four thermodynamic promoters (tretrabutylammonium bromide / TBAB; tetrabutylphosphonium bromide / TBPB; tributylphosphine oxide / TBPO; tetrahydropyran / THP) that have potential to improve GSFH process of biogas in terms of stability gain (less energy consumption), kinetics and selectivity. One part of this project consisted in determining the gas hydrate equilibrium conditions involving these promoters and the different gas phases (CO2, CH4 and simulated biogas). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were applied to measure the phase transition temperatures. Therefore, new phase equilibrium data were determined for the promoter/gas hydrate systems. In the second part of the project, we carried out quantitative measurements in an instrumented reactor in order to evaluate the GSFH process for upgrading biogas. Each promoter was evaluated in kinetics and thermodynamics aspects, such as crystal growth rate, amount of gas trapped into the hydrate phase, and selectivity. The optimization of the hydrate formation / dissociation cycle showed excellent results in terms of kinetics improvement
Monceaux, Philippe. "Valorisation des productions amylacées en Picardie : étude d'un nouveau procédé de fractionnement du blé tendre". Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD252.
Jô, Louis Félix. "Un nouveau procédé de valorisation du saccharose : production de polyol furannique et de D-fructose". Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT020G.
Carillon, Thierry. "Valorisation d'hydrolysats de matière végétale : procédé de séparation du D-xylose et du D-mannose". Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT007G.
Bouguerra, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude d'un procédé de valorisation de déchets argileux : comportement hygrothermique des matériaux élabores". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0002.
Sand deposits currently exploited on Western France are increasingly clayey (20-30% in mass) and require the separation of the fine parts by washing. These clayey fines are an increasingly important supply. To increase the value of these co-products the proposed technique develops new insulating bearing materials from the clayey fines and stabilised wood aggregates. This work concerns the behavior of the developed materials in varying climatic conditions. This required the adjustment of measuring techniques and the determination of the structural characteristics. These materials should equally have a bearing function; a short mechanical study was carried out to a macroscopic scale. The overall results show the significance of lightening of a clayey cement matrix using wood aggregates. A density of 0. 8 respects the mechanical and thermal requirements of the insulating bearing materials as well as insuring thermal stocking function. The behavior towards humidity in normal operating conditions is very satisfactory. The fixation of water in the vapor stage remains weak and in the case of contact with liquid water the presence of wood aggregates slows down the progress of the satured front and reduces the overall quantity of water absorbed by the material. For temperatures in excess of 20C, the wood aggregates take part in the coupled heat and mass transfer. The estimation models of the thermal conductivity as a function of the morphological characteristics and of the hygrothermal state were also developed and valided
Romdhana, Mohamed Hédi. "Conception, modélisation et évaluation environnementale d'un procédé de valorisation de boues organiques en combustibles solides". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT039G/document.
Fry-drying is an alternative for heat and mass transfer intensification. The process re-uses waste oil as a heating medium for drying by contact with the wet sludge. The fry-dried product is a granular solid fuel with high heating value. The product is sterile, stored, and transported safely. Experimental procedure and theoretical investigation have to provide basic information for the process design, in terms of energy and environment. A kinetic model of frying is proposed for water loss and oil intake. The model has been fitted to the data obtained by a weighing method on sludge cylinders (4-12 mm diameter) at an oil temperature ranging from 110°C to 140°C. The drying time between 10 and 20 min is effective in a continuous dryer. The global energy balance has enabled the calculation of a convective heat transfer coefficient. The results show that convection is boiling flow dependent. The study suggests a dimensionless correlation involving the normalized boiling flux, thermal oil property, and the sludge size. An estimation of kinetics of thermal destruction of pathogens during vacuum frying (80°C boiling point) was made. The calculations were compared with the current thermal dryer performance. Finally, to evaluate the integration of the process in a sequence of energy recovery by combustion, an experimental study of air emissions was achieved for fixed-bed combustion (850°C). Particularly, the chemical characterization was focused on the 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons a group of highly classified carcinogens. The results showed that emissions of fry-dried sludge are approximately 5000 microgramm/gramm thus 10 times higher than those of wood and 10 times smaller than those of oils
Aissaoui, Mustapha, e Mustapha Aissaoui. "Valorisation d'un résidu industriel pour la production d'hydrogène par un procédé intensifié de vaporeformage du glycérol". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37365.
La capture du CO2 est, de nos jours, une opération très convoitée car elle permet de réduire les émissions des gaz à effets de serre. Elle peut également être appliquée dans l’intensification des procédés de vaporeformage par l’utilisation des adsorbants chimiques «haute-température» (vaporeformage couplé avec la capture in-situ du CO2 (sorption-enhanced steam reforming, SESR)), afin d’augmenter significativement la pureté de l’hydrogène en une seule étape. Parmi les adsorbants solides utilisés dans ce procédé, ceux qui sont à base de CaO ont montré une certaine efficacité. Toutefois, l’agglomération des particules de CaO au cours de l’opération cyclique carbonatation/régénération rend leur utilisation à échelle industrielle difficile. L’ajout de composants inertes à l’adsorbant est l’une des stratégies utilisées afin d’augmenter sa stabilité. L’objectif principal de ce travail est la valorisation d’un résidu métallurgique (oxyde d’UGS, UGSO) afin de développer un matériau hybride adsorbant-catalyseur pour application dans la production d’hydrogène de haute pureté par SESR du glycérol. Plusieurs échantillons contenant des proportions différentes UGSO/CaO ont été préparés et testés pour évaluer l'efficacité de l’UGSO dans la stabilisation de l’adsorbant. Les expériences ont été réalisées en utilisant un analyseur gravimétrique intelligent (IGA, Hiden Isochema). Pour tous les échantillons étudiés, une meilleure stabilité a été enregistrée lors de l’ajout de l’UGSO. Les résultats ont montré que l’échantillon contenant 10% en masse UGSO a présenté la meilleure stabilité avec une conversion de CaO de 76% au 18ème cycle carbonatation/régénération, contre une conversion de 55% pour l’échantillon CaO pur testé dans les mêmes conditions. Ce meilleur rapport UGSO/CaO a été ensuite utilisé pour préparer un matériau hybride adsorbant-catalyseur et ses performances ont été testées dans le procédé SESR du glycérol. Les résultats ont montré une production d’hydrogène de pureté élevée avec un rendementde 96%. Les résultats obtenus dans ce mémoire peuvent contribuer à l’optimisation du procédé de vaporeformage du glycérol couplé à l’adsorption in-situ duCO2.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
CO2 capture is, nowadays, a widely discussed subject as it helps reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. It can also intensify steam reforming processes through the use of high-temperature sorbents, in order to produce high purity hydrogen in a single step (sorption-enhanced steam reforming, SESR). Among the solid sorbents used in this process, those based on CaO have shown good results. However, the agglomeration of sorbent particles (sintering) during the cyclic operation carbonation/regeneration makes their use difficult at an industrial scale. The addition of inert compounds to the sorbent is one of the strategies used to increase its stability. The main objective of this work is the valorization of a metallurgical waste called UGS oxide (UGSO), in order to develop a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material for application in the production of hydrogen with high purity by SESR of glycerol. Several samples with different UGSO/CaO ratios were synthesized and tested to evaluate the efficiency of UGSO in thesorbent stabilization. The experiments were performed using an intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA, Hiden Isochema). For all samples, a better stability was obtained in the presence of UGSO. The results showed that the sorbent containing 10 wt.% UGSO achieved the best stability with a CaO conversion of 76% at the 18th carbonation/regeneration cycle compared to 55% for pure CaO (limestone) tested under the same conditions. This optimal UGSO/CaO ratio was then used to prepare a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material and its performance was tested in the SESR of glycerol. The results showed the production of hydrogen with high purity (97%) and yield (96%). The results obtained in this master thesis can contribute to the optimization of the sorption enhanced steam glycerol reforming process.
CO2 capture is, nowadays, a widely discussed subject as it helps reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. It can also intensify steam reforming processes through the use of high-temperature sorbents, in order to produce high purity hydrogen in a single step (sorption-enhanced steam reforming, SESR). Among the solid sorbents used in this process, those based on CaO have shown good results. However, the agglomeration of sorbent particles (sintering) during the cyclic operation carbonation/regeneration makes their use difficult at an industrial scale. The addition of inert compounds to the sorbent is one of the strategies used to increase its stability. The main objective of this work is the valorization of a metallurgical waste called UGS oxide (UGSO), in order to develop a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material for application in the production of hydrogen with high purity by SESR of glycerol. Several samples with different UGSO/CaO ratios were synthesized and tested to evaluate the efficiency of UGSO in thesorbent stabilization. The experiments were performed using an intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA, Hiden Isochema). For all samples, a better stability was obtained in the presence of UGSO. The results showed that the sorbent containing 10 wt.% UGSO achieved the best stability with a CaO conversion of 76% at the 18th carbonation/regeneration cycle compared to 55% for pure CaO (limestone) tested under the same conditions. This optimal UGSO/CaO ratio was then used to prepare a hybrid sorbent-catalyst material and its performance was tested in the SESR of glycerol. The results showed the production of hydrogen with high purity (97%) and yield (96%). The results obtained in this master thesis can contribute to the optimization of the sorption enhanced steam glycerol reforming process.
Belmokaddem, Fatima-Zohra. "Valorisation des hémicelluloses de bois : synthèse de charges papetières". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10294.
Renaudie, Marie. "Intensification du procédé de production d’hydrogène par fermentation obscure en bioréacteur membranaire : valorisation énergétique de biomasses". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF033.
This work focuses on the intensification of hydrogen production by dark fermentation in a liquid/gas hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (MBR L/G) and the valorization of coproducts from the agriculture and the food industry. Using a model substrate, without bacterial reseeding, stable hydrogen productions (2.6±0,2 LH2/Lreactor/d et 1.0±0.1 molH2/molglucose) were achieved during more than a year, selecting repeatedly hydrogen producing bacteria (Clostridium, Enterobacter), which have colonized the membrane module. The efficient extraction of hydrogen via the hollow fiber lumen was performed and an optimum of the concentration of sugars in the MBR was achieved (14 g/L). In a semibatch bioreactor, hydrogen production from various biomasses (0.7 and 55 LH2/kgbiomass) was possible and was characterized by a metabolic and microbiologic identity and, for some of the tests, the inhibition of hydrogen producing bacteria. Finally, the endogenous dark fermentation in the MBR L/G, using biomasses, was implemented, with high hydrogen production (4,1 LH2/L/d, 86,8 mLH2/gDCO)
Aubert, Jean-Emmanuel. "Valorisation d'une cendre d'incinérateur d'ordures ménagères traitée par le procédé Revasol R dans des bétons hydrauliques". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30203.
Wu-Tiu-Yen, Jenny. "Valorisation de la vinasse de canne à sucre : étude d'un procédé d'extraction d'un acide organique multivalent". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA008.
Cane stillage or vinasse, a byproduct of cane industry, contains from 5 to 7 g/L of aconitic acid, a valuable trivalent carboxylic acid belonging to the second class of building block chemicals. Vinasse also contains a variety of organic compounds (organic acids, amino-acids, colouring matters) and minerals (chlorides, sulphates), which makes purification not straightforward. The objective of this work is to develop the extraction of aconitic acid from stillage, with anion exchange as the heart of the process. In order to improve performances, the main characteristics of the selected anion-exchange resin (Lewatit S4528) are studied. Acid-base dosage and ion-exchange equilibrium experiments allow the total capacity of this support and the ion-exchange coefficients for the major competing anions (aconitate, chloride and sulfate) to be obtained. Separation performances in column are studied for different pH, different solutions (aconitic acid alone, synthetic and industrial stillage) and different resin forms (sulfate, chloride and free- base) in order to elucidate the separation mechanisms.Elution step is also investigated. Best conditions are for stillage at its natural pH (pH 4.5) on the resin under chloride form and HCl 0,5N as the eluant. A 28% DM purity and a 61% global recovery are achieved for aconitic acid in the eluate. Main impurities still remaining are chlorides or sulfates and coloring matter. Homopolar electrodialysis proves successful for removing nearly 100% chlorides from aconitic acid with a limited loss of the acid (< 15%). Adsorption step on a polystyrenic resin (XAD16) of an acidic eluate leads to the retention of 80% of the colorants, with only 12% of the acid lost. At last, the most interesting process combination associates microfiltration, anion-exchange, electrodialysis and adsorption. Purity is 37% MS, namely 3.6 higher than the original vinasse. This work enables aconitic acid purity to be improved by a factor of 2.6 compared with prior studies and to have a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in its purification on weak anionic resin
Constant, Sandra. "De l'extraction de la lignine à sa valorisation". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0008.
The objective of this thesis is to study the conversion of lignin in oxidizing hydrothermal conditions, by heterogeneous catalysis. Lignin is among the main constituents of lignocellulose materials. Being considered like a waste of the cellulose valorization procedures, it is mostly burned to produce the energy. Taking into account its phenolic polymer structure, lignin can be considered as the main source of aromatic rings. Complex analytical methodology has initially been set up to allow a thorough characterization of lignins and oxidation products. Lignins were extracted from the straw by the organosolv procedure. The extraction process affects not only yields but also the structures and properties of products. The oxidation catalysts are transition metal oxides, synthesized by an alginate route. The oxidation of vanillin (lignin's model compound) shows the oligomerization phenomena of obtained products. In the oxidation of lignin, the use of a catalyst increases the yield and modifies the equilibrium of depolymerization - oligomerization
Linder, Michel. "Optimisation d'un procédé de valorisation de coproduits d'abattage par hydrolyse enzymatique : propriétés fonctionnelles et nutritionnelles des hydrolysats". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_LINDER_M.pdf.
Hubau, Agathe. "Conception d'un procédé de biolixiviation pour la valorisation des métaux contenus dans les déchets de cartes électroniques". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC001.
Spent Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are today raising attention because they contain almost 35% of metals including precious and strategic metals even at greater concentration than in primary resources (for instance, gold and copper are 25 to 250 times and 20 to 40 times more concentrated in spent PCBs than in ores, respectively). Consequently, spent PCBs are becoming a valuable resource, while the lack of an appropriate treatment could be a cause of environmental pollution. Today, high-grade PCBs are treated by pyrometallurgy to recover precious metals but many strategic metals are lost in the slag during this operation and the energy-cost of such processes is more and more disadvantageous. Therefore, the design of energy-efficient and cost-effective new processes capable to perform efficient metal recovery from PCBs is particularly important. Emerging techniques based on mechanical processes and hydrometallurgy appear as alternative solutions. In particular, biohydrometallurgy could be very promising. In the literature, few studies deal with the use of bioleaching for the treatment of spent PCBs by means of acidophilic microorganisms, which are mainly ferro and sulfo-oxidant. It allows the recovery of different metals such as Cu, Ni, Zn, etc. In the present study, a double-stage continuous bioreactor was designed to bioleach comminuted spent printed circuit boards (PCB) of low and medium grade. This work is performed at IRCP (Chimie ParisTech) and at the BRGM, in partnership with GeoRessources and is funded by the Chair ParisTech Urban Mines, supported by Eco-systemes
Ye, Sheng Yin. "Valorisation de déchets composites à matrices polymériques renforcées de fibres de carbone par un procédé de vapo-thermolyse". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16132/1/ye_partie_1_sur_3.pdf.
Saint-Joly, Claude. "Vers une amélioration de la rentabilité des installations de biogaz : modélisation technico-économique de la production : utilisation et contribution à la connaissance du procédé en discontinu". Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT005A.
Marin, Gallego Mylene. "Valorisation chimique des condensats issus de la torréfaction de biomasses : modélisation thermodynamique, conception et analyse des procédés". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0131.
Lignocellulosic biomass is considered as a renewable carbon resource with great potential for the energy and chemical recovery. Torrefaction is a thermal process carried out at temperatures below 300°C, under inert atmosphere, at atmospheric pressure, and with residence times for the solid biomass ranging from few minutes to several hours. Torrefied wood is a solid product constituted by more than 70% of the initial mass with properties close to those of coal. The 30% remaining part is a gaseous effluent, composed of about one third of non-condensable gases – carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide – and two thirds of condensable species. Currently, torrefied wood is the main product of interest and is usually transformed into energetic gases by the gasification process or directly used as coal for combustion. Conversely, gaseous by-products are considered at present time as a waste and in the best case are burned to provide energy to the process. Yet, the recovery and valorization of the condensable fraction as bio-sourced chemicals is worth considering. The aim of the thesis is to propose a separation-purification process for condensable chemicals of the waste gas. This condensable fraction is a predominantly aqueous phase, containing more than 150 identified organic species. Minority species are present in varying proportions depending on torrefied wood. Finally, it is a reactive and thermally unstable mixture, where different chemical equilibria are present. An analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of the condensable fraction allowed selecting a limited number of compounds to model the mixture. A representative model of the thermodynamic behavior of the reactive mixture has been selected and the binary interaction parameters identified. Experimental vapor-liquid equilibria data were acquired in part to validate this model. The target compounds and objectives of the recovery process were selected and several development strategies were developed and simulated in ProSim+ on the basis of thermodynamic modeling. This study assessed these different strategies in terms of energy efficiency and purity of the products for potential implementation on an industrial scale of this sector
Mai, Huynh Cang. "Contribution au developpement d'un procédé visant à la valorisation d'extraits du fruit de gac (Momordica Cochinchinensis Spreng.) au Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209349.
Dans la première partie, une étude du semi-séchage de l´arille de gac à différentes températures (40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C et 80°C) et à trois modes de séchage (séchage à l’air, séchage sous vide et lyophilisation) a été effectuée pour déterminer l’effet de la mode, de la température et de l’humidité finale de séchage sur la couleur, la teneur en caroténoïdes totaux (TCC) et l’activité d’antioxydante totale (TAA) de l’arille de gac. Les résultats montrent que la lyophilisation permet une meilleure conservation permettant une valorisation ultérieure de la couleur, la TCC et la TAA de l’arille de gac. Le séchage sous vide donne les meilleurs résultats que le séchage à l’air. Une température entre 50°C et 60°C est optimale pour conserver la couleur, la TCC et la TAA de l’arille. Ces propriétés sont mieux conservées à l’issue d’un séchage permettant une humidité finale du produit de 15 à 18% (base sèche (db)) (semi-séchage) par rapport à 6% db. Le produit semi-séché peut être conservé pendant quelques mois.
Dans la deuxième partie, une étude d’optimisation d’extraction de l’huile de l’arille de gac assisté par des enzymes a été menée en utilisant la méthodologie de la surface de réponse. Un plan expérimental du type «design composite central» avec quatre variables indépendantes - la concentration en enzymes, le temps, la température et la vitesse d'agitation - a été réalisé. Les résultats montrent que ces quatre variables ont un effet significatif sur le rendement d’extraction de l’huile. Il n'y a pas d'interaction significative entre ces variables. Dans les conditions optimales obtenues (14,6% d’enzyme, 127 minutes, 58°C et 162 rpm), le rendement maximal de l’huile et la TCC obtenus sont de 79,5% et 5,3 mg/g de matière sèche, respectivement. Il existe une forte corrélation entre le rendement de l’huile obtenue et la TCC. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de l'huile extraite ont été déterminées. Enfin, les résultats du test Schaal montrent que le temps de conservation de l'huile extraite est comparable à d’autres huiles alimentaires, présentant le même type de profil en acides gras.
Dans la troisième partie, les caroténoïdes de l'huile ont étés concentrés à l'aide d'une filtration tangentielle, en utilisant une membrane céramique, selon deux modes de fonctionnement (recyclage total et batch). Dans les expériences en mode recyclage total, l'effet de la taille des pores de la membrane, la température et la pression transmembranaire sur le flux de perméat et le coefficient de rétention a été exploité. Les résultats montrent que ces facteurs ont un effet sur flux de perméat et le coefficient de rétention de la TCC, des phospholipides et des acides gras libres. La résistance intrinsèque de la membrane, la résistance de polarisation et la résistance liée au colmatage ont été estimées. Les conditions optimales déterminées sont 5 nm, 2 bars et 40°C, pour la taille des pores, la pression transmembranaire et la température, respectivement. En mode batch, le rétentat a été caractérisé en mesurant l'acidité, les phospholipides, la TCC, la TAA, des solides solubles totaux, la teneur en matières solides, la couleur et la viscosité de la solution. La TCC dans le rétentat est de 65,28 mg/ml (8,65 fois supérieure à celle dans l'huile d'alimentation). Les analyses de la TAA montrent que la contribution antioxydante principale de l'huile gac est lipophile. Après la filtration, la TAA lipophile du rétentat est 6,8 fois supérieur à celle de l’huile d’alimentation. L’analyse de la résistance indique que la résistance intrinsèque de la membrane représente 24% de la résistance totale. La majeure partie de la résistance est la résistance de polarisation (55%) tandis que la résistance de colmatage contribue pour 30%.
Dans la quatrième partie, les caroténoïdes provenant de l’huile du fruit de gac ont étés purifiés et cristallisés par une saponification combinée à l'utilisation de propylène glycol (un solvant moins toxique que les solvants organiques généralement utilisés). Ce processus est compatible à une consommation humaine, aux applications cosmétiques et plus respectueux de l'environnement que les procédés existants. Les résultats indiquent que l'utilisation de Tween 80 (0,05 ml/g d’huile) comme émulsifiant peut aider à augmenter la récupération des cristaux de caroténoïdes. La combinaison de 0,4 ml/g d'hydroxyde de potassium et 0,8 ml/g de propylène glycol donne un meilleur rendement de caroténoïdes. Une étude d’optimisation du processus de purification a été réalisée en utilisant la méthodologie de surface de réponse. Un plan expérimental du type «design composite central» avec trois variables indépendantes- la vitesse d'agitation, la température et le temps de réaction - a été effectué. Les résultats montrent que ces trois variables ont un effet significatif sur la récupération des caroténoïdes par cristallisation. Les interactions entre la vitesse d'agitation et la température ainsi qu’entre la température et le temps de réaction sont significatives. Dans les conditions optimales (1094 rpm; 46°C et 228 min), le rendement de caroténoïdes estimé est de 93,5%. Les cristaux de caroténoïdes contiennent 57,34% de lycopène et 36,67% de β-carotène. Ces résultats montrent que environ 85% et 78% du lycopène et du β-carotène, respectivement, ont étés récupérés.
Dans l’ensemble, cette thèse a contribué à la valorisation du fruit de gac au Vietnam, par une procédure de fabrication qui est économique et utilisant moins de produits chimiques. La recherche a permis de trouver les conditions optimales pour chaque étape de fabrication. Un nouvel axe de recherche pour valoriser le fruit de gac a été ouvert; il porte sur l’étude de l’application tant de l’huile de gac concentrée et riche en caroténoïdes naturels que des cristaux de caroténoïdes dans l’industrie alimentaire, pharmaceutique ou cosmétique.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
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De, Boom Aurore. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un procédé de valorisation des cendres volantes et des résidus d'épuration des fumées d'incinération d'ordures ménagères". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210246.
Les recherches présentées ici s’inscrivent dans cette tendance nouvelle et visent l’élaboration d’un procédé combinant traitement et valorisation des REFIOM.
Les REFIOM représentent en fait différents types de résidus provenant des installations que rencontrent les fumées issues de l’incinération des déchets. La composition des résidus diffère selon leur origine. Il est dès lors apparu essentiel de considérer chaque type de résidu séparément et de poursuivre l’élaboration d’un traitement sur un seul type de REFIOM. Nous avons choisi de concentrer les recherches sur les Cendres Volantes de Chaudière (CVC), ces résidus se retrouvant dans tout incinérateur.
Le traitement des CVC est basé sur l’extraction de fractions valorisables et la séparation de fractions contaminées, permettant d’obtenir des résidus acceptables en décharge ou, idéalement eux-mêmes valorisables.
Une séparation magnétique permet d’extraire environ 10% en poids des CVC mais ne semble pas exploitable dans le cadre du traitement des CVC car les particules magnétiques contiennent des impuretés (composés non magnétiques) et que le résidu final reste contaminé.
Une étude de la répartition des éléments en fonction de la taille des particules (granulochimie) est effectuée sur les CVC. Il apparaît intéressant de séparer la fraction inférieure à 38 µm obtenue lors d’une séparation granulométrique, effectuée en voie humide en utilisant une solution dense. En effet, cette fraction semble être nettement plus contaminée en Pb (soluble) que le reste des CVC. Une telle séparation constitue dès lors la première étape du traitement des CVC. Elle est suivie par des étapes de lavage des fractions obtenues, visant à extraire les sels solubles (chlorures et métaux). Les lavages sont envisagés à contre-courant afin d’utiliser au mieux l’eau de lavage. Une recirculation interne des solutions est également prévue, de sorte que, théoriquement, le procédé ne génère pas d’effluents liquides. Une étape de précipitation de composés métalliques (PbS dans ce cas-ci) est prévue après le lavage des boues.
Le procédé de traitement des CVC produirait ainsi des boues et des granulats décontaminés, des sels et des précipités métalliques. Seules certaines étapes du procédé ont été investiguées en laboratoire ;des essais supplémentaires sont encore nécessaires pour optimiser chaque étape, comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques qui se produisent et assurer des filières de valorisation.
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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ashes and Air Pollution Control (APC) residues are considered as hazardous waste according to the limits for the acceptance of waste at landfills, because high amounts of chlorides and heavy metals leach from the solids when those are in contact with water. These residues have thus to be treated before they can be accepted in landfill. Several treatments aim to limit the leaching of the residues. Beside these treatments, some research works go further the treatment and consider the valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues, e.a. in cementitious materials.
The present work follows the new trend and aims to build up a process that combines treatment and valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues.
MSWI fly ashes and APC residues come from the devices encountered by the flue gases from waste incineration. The residues composition differs according to their origin. It seems thus essential to consider each type of residues separately and to develop the treatment only on one sort of residue. Boiler Fly Ashes (BFA) were chosen because they exist in every modern MSWI plant.
The BFA treatment is based on the extraction of valorisable fractions and on the separation of contaminated fractions, which makes the final residues less hazardous; these final residues would then be acceptable in landfill, or, even better, be valorisable.
A magnetic sorting extracts ~10% (wt.) of BFA; however, such a separation would not be useful in a treatment process because the magnetic particles contain some impurities (non magnetic particles) and the final residue is still hazardous.
The repartition of the elements according to the particles size has been studied on BFA. It seems interesting to separate the BFA at 38 µm by a wet sieving process using a dense solution. The lower fraction presents a higher contamination in Pb (soluble) than the larger. Consequently, the first step of the BFA treatment consists of a wet sieving. Washing steps follow the sieving and aim to extract soluble salts (chlorides, heavy metals). These washings work in a counter-current way to optimise the use of water. The solutions are recycled in the process, which implies the absence of liquid effluents. A precipitation step of some metallic compounds (PbS in this case) is foreseen after the washing of the lower fraction.
The BFA treatment process would produce decontaminated sludge and coarse fractions, salts and metallic compounds. Some steps of the process have been investigated at lab-scale; further studies are necessary to optimise each step, to understand the observed reactions and to guarantee valorisation channels.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
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CEKINSKI, EFRAIM. "Etude de la réactivité superficielle des apatites d'Araxa et Catalao (Brésil) : application à l'amélioration du procédé de valorisation industrielle". Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2409.
Raharja, Sapta. "Valorisation des hydrates de carbone : étude d'un procédé de transformation des mono-di-, et oligo-et polysaccharides en acide lactique". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT042G.
Yoo, Jeong-Woo. "Valorisation du glycérol : mise au point d'un procédé de carbonatation du glycérol en carbonate de glycérol et synthèse du glycidol". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT014C.
Cramer, Jonathan. "Etude d'un procédé plasma thermique pour l'extraction, la récupération et la valorisation d'éléments stratégiques contenus dans des matériaux types DEEE". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC013.
The PERSE (Plasma Enhanced Recovery of Strategic Elements) project aims to develop a metallurgical process for the selective recovery of metallic elements of interest contained in WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment). This process must be able to adapt to several types of materials from WEEE
Idir, Anis. "Procédé thermochimique de production/stockage de froid pour le refroidissement et la valorisation de chaleur basse température de panneaux photovoltaïques". Thesis, Perpignan, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PERP0016.
Photovoltaic technology (PV) is one of the most widely used renewable electricity generation techniques. However, the photoelectric conversion process generates a large amount of heat in the solar cells, causing a significant increase in their operating temperature, which has a significant impact on the conversion efficiency. When the panels operate in areas with high solar irradiation and arid climatic conditions, the operating temperatures can reach 80°C to 100°C, which also impacts their durability. Thus, the objective of this thesis work is to improve the global solar energy conversion by limiting the operating temperature increase of PV modules through an active cooling in order to increase their electrical performance and to valorize in cold the thermal energy generated by a gas sorption thermal process. The aim is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of such a coupling and to evaluate its energy relevance. A gas sorption process exploiting a saturated solution, allowing to exploit the low temperature heat extracted from the PV panels and to valorize it in cold has thus been defined, designed, experimented and analyzed. A simulation tool has been developed to evaluate under realistic operating conditions the electrical performance a PV solar power plant and cooling performance of the thermally coupled sorption process. Such a coupling, which allows for electricity/cooling cogeneration, shows that it is possible to improve the overall energy gain by 10.5 % compared to that of standard PV panels, while resulting in a small overall energy loss of 1.3 % due to the additional conversion of heat to cold
Nguyen, Thanh Binh. "Valorisation des sédiments de dragage traités par le procédé NOVOSOL(R) dans des matériaux d'assises de chaussée : comportement mécanique et environnemental". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/704/.
The management of dredged sediments is a challenge for our society because of their huge volume. The contamination of heavy metals and organic micro pollutants make that the majority of dredged sediments are regarded as dangerous waste and are put in discharge. This isn't in the same point of view of the durable development policy: the French law supports the valorization so that only ultimate waste is put in discharge. In this context, Solvay Company has developed the process NOVOSOL(r) for the treatment of the dredged sediments polluted. The process comprises two stages: an immobilization of heavy metals by formation of apatite under a phosphatising reaction with acid phosphoric and a destruction of the organic matter by a calcination. The goal of this thesis is to use river sediments treated by the process NOVOSOL(r) in road base materials. Experimental studies in laboratory comprise two aspects: mechanical performance and leaching behaviour. The treated sediments by NOVOSOL(r) are introduced into road base mixes treated with cementitious binders as substitute for regular sand. The preparation of materials according to the normalized methodology in laboratory does not present any difficulty. As the treated sediments content increases, the water demand increases and the materials are less compact than reference material. This is due to the characteristics of treated sediments: important ratio of fines, friability and the porosity of granular. These characteristics have as a consequence to weaken the granular skeleton, which results in a reduction in the stiffness module of materials. On the other side, the reactivity of treated sediments NOVOSOL(r) in the matrix of cimentitious binder and a better homogeneity of materials lead to an improvement of the tensile strength. Mechanical performance of all the materials with of treated sediments NOVOSOL(r) evaluated by index of elastic quality is better than that of the reference material. .
Saggadi, Hanen. "Valorisation du glycérol sous irradiation micro-ondes : synthèse de quinoléines, de l’échelle du laboratoire à l’échelle pilote". Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP1909.
Glycerol, the main byproduct of the biodiesel industry (10% w/w), is a solvent and a reagent of great interest for green chemistry. Glycerol dehydration to acrolein is an interesting way for its valorization. Indeed, this aldehyde is a platform molecule for many applications. However, it is an unstable, flammable and toxic product, which makes its handling and storage particularly dangerous. This difficulty can be overcome by in-situ conversion of acrolein resulting from glycerol dehydration, such as Skraup reaction for quinoline synthesis starting from glycerol and aniline. Quinoline moiety is found in alkaloids medicinal plants and is an essential structural component of many pharmaceuticals. Since the importance of these molecules, Skraup reaction for the synthesis of quinolines is an interesting choice. However, this reaction requires often harsh conditions, by using sulfuric acid as solvent, in the presence of a toxic oxidizing agent, at high temperatures (T > 150 °C) for several hours.Moreover, microwave irradiation is an interesting technology for chemistry since it can heat homogeneously and quickly a reaction mixture, which can reduce process energy costs resulting from thermal losses and relatively long reaction time. This alternative technology, coupled with glycerol valorization axis, is an interesting development way for green chemistry, and for intensification of safer sustainable processes. In this context, this thesis focuses on the quinolines synthesis via Skraup reaction using an alternative heating technology: microwaves. A greener experimental procedure was developed. At laboratory scale, a greener experimental procedure for quinolines synthesis via Skraup reaction was proposed. On the basis of this investigation, the intensification of a microwave pilot scale apparatus was studied. A microwave reactor operating in batch and continuous conditions was designed and installed. The developed device allowed us to perform the Skraup reaction in the required temperature and pressure conditions
Chikhi, Abdelrhani. "Optimisation et évaluation d'un procédé de bio fluidification d'un mortier de ciment Portland : étude expérimentale de l'écoulement à l'état frais et conséquences sur les performances du matériau élaboré à l'état durci". Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0518.
Fontseré, Obis Marta. "Vers une nouvelle solution d'épuration de biogaz par des mâchefers d'incinération de déchets non dangereux : Développement et mise en œuvre d'un procédé d'adsorption d'H2S". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI038/document.
Biogas is a renewable energy source, which potential is still under-evaluated. Before any energy production from biogas, costly purification treatments (e.g. adsorption by impregnated activated carbons, IAC) are necessary, limiting the economic profitability. An increasing interest in the development of "low-cost" treatments based on the use of waste/by-products is shown by several studies, most of all by tests at laboratory scale. Thus, a feasibility study of the use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom ash (BA) for the removal of H2S, a very corrosive and toxic compound in biogas, has been carried out in this thesis. An experimental pilot was installed on an energy recovery plant from biogas produced in a landfill (non-hazardous waste). Small-scale trials (500 g) allowed the screening of 6 different BAs and the identification of key parameters of the desulfurization. The transfer to a bigger scale reactor (10 kg), as well as the optimized operating conditions, enabled to obtain an adsorption capacity higher than 200 gH2S/kgdy BA, similar to that of some commercial adsorbents. The on-site experimental study has been completed by a scientific investigation on the mechanisms involved on the H2S retention by BA. Several analytical techniques were used to characterize the material before and after the biogas treatment, to carry out the sulfur mass balances and to identify its chemical speciation. The proposed mechanism relies predominantly on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur, in an adequate physicochemical context (moisture, pH, porosity, O2 and metal oxides). The economic benefit of an industrial implementation of the desulfurization treatment with MIDND has been demonstrated. The operational costs are reduced compared to a treatment with IAC. The environmental value of such a treatment is also shown and fits perfectly into a circular economy framework
Taki, Mohamed. "Analyse du comportement mécanique d'un sol renforcé par inclusion de nappes en matières plastiques discontinues : application au procédé Plasterre". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10134.
Schmitt, Marc. "Traitement par électrodialyse à trois compartiments du sérum sanguin bovin : optimisation du procédé et applications". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10350.
Borgogno, Remy. "Procédé thermo-hydraulique solaire appliqué à la trigénération dans le secteur résidentiel". Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0025/document.
A new process based on thermal-hydraulic conversion actuated by low-grade thermal energy (80–110 °C) is investigated and aims at providing trigeneration energy features for the residential sector. "Thermo-hydraulic" term refers to a process involving an incompressible fluid used as an intermediate medium to transfer work hydraulically between different thermal operated components or sub-systems allowing to improve the efficiency of the energy conversion chain. A model, assuming steady-state operations, is developed to assess the energy performances of different variants of this thermo-hydraulic process as well as various pairs of working fluids. These calculations were completed by a quasi-dynamic and dynamic models allowing a better sizing of the process. Finally, an annual study was realized from the quasi-static model in order to estimate the evolution of the performances as well as its power production over a complete year of functioning. For instance, in the frame of a single-family home, located in the Mediterranean region, the working fluid pair (R1234yf/R1233zd) is investigated in detail in order to estimate the annual performances. For domestic houses, the process aims at amplifying the solar energy collected by a factor of 1.32 for heating purpose, provides a cold production with a solar COP of 0.24 and generates electricity from the remaining solar energy with an efficiency of 4.2%
Crampon, Cédric. "Conception d'un procédé innovant d'hydrolyse thermique et validation de ses performances". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC031.
A continuous thermal sludge hydrolysis process has been conceived allowing more flexibility and simplicitythan existing processes. This process was tested in a new configuration called Digestion Lyse Digestion. The first part of the study consisted of studying the steam injection in order to find the best injectorgeometry allowing the rapid condensation of the vapor in the reactor and to guarantee the homogeneity of the reactor’s temperatures. This work, supplemented by measurements and experiments, resulted in the use of a dynamic mixer to inject steam. Performances of the process were validated by measuring thehomogeneity of the reactor temperatures and the hydraulic retention time . The advantage of the use of such a process between two digesters has been proved as well as the hygienisation performance
Schorr, Diane. "Caractérisation et modification des lignines industrielles". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25365.
Lignins are renewable and natural polymers. It is the most abundant polymer on the earth after cellulose. Nowadays, lignins are not fully exploited and only 2% of lignin is valorised per year, their principal application remaining as a combustible in pulp industries for energy production. In Quebec, 130000 tons of black liquor containing lignin could be available from Kraft industry, per year, in order to valorise them, without disturbing the mill production. Its valorisation could contribute to create new value added products like bio composites with a matrix of polyethylene, recycled polystyrene or even wood. These new products of these industries could improve the economic situation in this field, but also could bring new knowledge in the eco materials field, in contributing of the decrease of greenhouse gases in favoring the natural product against the synthetic product. Lignin structure is different depending on several parameters (origin, isolation process…). In this project, two Kraft lignins will be precipitated from black liquor of two Quebecoise paper industries using carbon dioxide as the reagent. These lignins will be purified and compared analytically to others lignins; one Kraft softwood commercial lignin, one pyrolytic lignin and one Soda lignin Protobind 2400. With the knowledge of the Kraft lignin structure, it will be easier to modify these lignins. The esterified Kraft lignins with maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride will be compared to the unmodified lignin according to several analytical technical as FT-IR, TGA, DSC, NMR. Maleated and non modified Wayagamack lignins were incorporated in biocomposite of recycled polystyrene and the mechanical and thermal properties and the morphology were studied. The composite with non modified lignin showed good mechanical and thermal properties compared to the composite with maleated lignin where the maleated lignin was still compatible with the recycled polystyrene The Windsor succinated and non modified lignin were used as a binder in a wood panel and their properties were also studied. The results showed the best mechanical properties for the wood panel containing non modified Kraft lignin. Condensation reactions of Kraft lignin during the hot-pressing of the panel improve the solidity of the panel unlike esterification reactions that could take place between esterified lignin and the wood hydroxyls. Key words: Black liquor, Lignin, Kraft process, Characterisation, Esterification, Composite, Valorization, Polystyrene, Wood.