Tesi sul tema "Procédé de pasteurisation solaire"
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Koninck, Corentin. "Procédés solaires basse température pour la désinfection d'eau de surface". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04867589.
Testo completoDifficulties in accessing drinking water affect the daily lives of 2 billion people, and represent a major problem to be solved. The 6th Sustainable Development Goal, set by the United Nations, aims to promote universal access to drinking water by developing sanitation and potabilization facilities in urban areas, and in isolated sites. The latter are characterized by the absence of energy networks, the scarcity of qualified technical personnel and the difficulty of transporting raw materials. The development of decentralized, sustainable, energy-independent processes meets the need to treat water against microbiological pollution, the cause of many deaths worldwide. Two processes, using low-temperature solar thermal energy as an energy source, and based respectively on the principle of water pasteurization and membrane ultrafiltration, are being designed, tested and modelled. The aim of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of disinfecting surface water on the scale of small decentralized communities, using energy supplied by standard flat-plate thermal collectors. Depending on irradiation conditions, the solar pasteurization process developed can treat daily volumes of between 800 and 1000 L per collector unit (2 m2 surface area). Specific solar energy consumption, optimized through the use of a high-performance heat exchanger positioned on the open treatment loop, varies between 12 and 15 kWhsol.m-3. It operates completely autonomously with the sun, using a passive control system. The ultrafiltration process is based on two innovations: (i) the production of the mechanical energy required to operate the membrane system by an organic Rankine thermodynamic cycle whose heat input is supplied by a solar collector; (ii) the use of mechanical energy to pump and pressurize the water by actuating a double-acting cylinder. The technical feasibility of the process has been verified, with specific energy consumption fluctuating between 5 and 10 kWhsol.m-3. In both cases, modelling is carried out and validated on the basis of experimental results. By coupling the two technologies, it is possible to generate the permeate required for drinking water, and to disinfect the concentrate using the pasteurization process. This disinfection system combines energy efficiency with zero waste
Fleury, Christelle. "Optimisation d'un procédé par CO2 pressurisé pour la pasteurisation et la préservation de compléments alimentaires liquides". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0595/document.
Testo completoAccording to the law, food dietary supplements belong to food products and must then be pasteurized to kill potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Pressurized carbon dioxide can be a low-temperature alternative to usual thermal treatments. In this study, a high pressure carbon dioxide process is optimized to pasteurize dietary supplements highly contaminated with 3 microorganism species.This work reviews the effect of operating parameters on microbial inactivation and active ingredients thanks to a central composite design. Temperature and, at a lower extent, the pressure-duration interaction were identify as influent. Concerning active ingredients, total phenolic concentration is fully preserved whereas vitamin C retention rate is at least of 70%. Results were analyzed taking into account the synergistic effect of temperature and pH, temperature and atmospheric or N2 pressure, contamination level and the composition of the food matrix.Pasteurization was evaluated from the mass transfer and characteristic times point of view in a gaz-liquid contactor. The sensitivity analysis underlines that CO2 solubility in water is the main factor that affects the dissolution kinetic, beyond contactor constraints. Experiments led with 2 different batch set-ups and a mini‑continuous reactor illustrate that point.Finally this work studies the shelf-life of our CO2-pasteurized products and estimates the added value of such a treatment compared to a thermal one
Lacroix, Clément. "Procédé thermo-hydraulique solaire pour le dessalement par osmose inverse". Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0001.
Testo completoReverse osmosis is the most widely used desalination technique today, mainly because of its low specific energy consumption. Reverse osmosis processes powered by a solar energy source are more and more developed because of their energy efficiency and the solar resource availability, matching particularly with high water stress areas. In this framework, an innovative solar thermo-hydraulic desalination process is here developed. It is analyzed and evaluated with the aim of producing autonomously fresh water from brackish water compatible with the needs of a remote village.This innovative reverse osmosis desalination process exploits a low-grade temperature heat source (50-80°C), converted into hydraulic energy by a thermodynamic engine cycle in which the expansion of a working fluid directly pressurizes the brackish water. A dynamic modeling of this process has been carried out to allow an evaluation of the process whose cyclic operation is highly dynamic. A particular attention has been paid to the dynamic behavior of the membrane module, subjected to cyclic pressure variations, which has needed a specific dynamic model of the reverse osmosis module that has been experimentally validated. The behavior of the overall process has been then simulated and analyzed over few cycles first, then over a whole day with different sunshine conditions. These simulations permit to evaluate the impact of variable operating conditions, as well as the water salinity and temperature on the dynamics of the process operation. Suitable command and control strategies to maximize the performances of the thermo-hydraulic process were also established. A study on the relevant geographical areas for its implantation has also been conducted. These simulations showed that this process should produce 450 to 750 liters of fresh water per day and per unit area of the solar collector for salinities ranging from 2 to 6 g.L-1, with a specific thermal energy consumption of order of 6 kWhth.m-3 and for a cost, estimated in first approximation from the cost of a prototype currently under development, of about 8 per m3 of produced water
Martins, Matthieu. "Nouveau procédé thermo-hydraulique appliqué au rafraîchissement solaire de l’habitat : analyse et optimisation thermodynamiques". Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1020.
Testo completoIn recent years, efforts were made in developing environmental-friendly technologies. Cooling systems are one of the most apparent applications of this source of renewable energy. Indeed the use of solar energy for air conditioning allows synchronization between cooling needs and solar energy availability. This paper presents a novel solar cooling process (so-called CHV3T) using common flat plate collectors. Firstly, the performances of the process are evaluated throughout an energy balance in steady state. A modeling of the whole process is developed by using the concept of equivalent Gibbs systems to describe the dynamic behavior of all the components of the system. The main objective of the modeling is to provide a design tool for this thermal-hydraulic system. A 6 kW cooling capacity prototype coupled to 20 m² of flat plate solar collectors has been realized
Borgogno, Remy. "Procédé thermo-hydraulique solaire appliqué à la trigénération dans le secteur résidentiel". Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0025/document.
Testo completoA new process based on thermal-hydraulic conversion actuated by low-grade thermal energy (80–110 °C) is investigated and aims at providing trigeneration energy features for the residential sector. "Thermo-hydraulic" term refers to a process involving an incompressible fluid used as an intermediate medium to transfer work hydraulically between different thermal operated components or sub-systems allowing to improve the efficiency of the energy conversion chain. A model, assuming steady-state operations, is developed to assess the energy performances of different variants of this thermo-hydraulic process as well as various pairs of working fluids. These calculations were completed by a quasi-dynamic and dynamic models allowing a better sizing of the process. Finally, an annual study was realized from the quasi-static model in order to estimate the evolution of the performances as well as its power production over a complete year of functioning. For instance, in the frame of a single-family home, located in the Mediterranean region, the working fluid pair (R1234yf/R1233zd) is investigated in detail in order to estimate the annual performances. For domestic houses, the process aims at amplifying the solar energy collected by a factor of 1.32 for heating purpose, provides a cold production with a solar COP of 0.24 and generates electricity from the remaining solar energy with an efficiency of 4.2%
Lahmidi, Hicham. "Stockage d'énergie solaire par procédé à sorption solide-gaz : application au chauffage et à la climatisation". Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0577.
Testo completoThe increase of the use of solar energy closely depends on the development of efficient storage processes. In this objective, solid-gas sorption processes are promising because of their high storage capacity and their specific working mode. In this thesis, the integration of a sorption process based on the use of bromide strontium as the reactant and water as the refrigerant fluid is investigated. Combined with flat plate solar collectors and direct floor heating and cooling, it makes it possible to provide a heating but also a cooling storage function. Experimental tests demonstrate the good adequacy of this process to the level of temperature involved in the solar system. The simple model presented allows a fairly good global representation of the coupling phenomena between heat and mass transfer in the reactant. Further use of this model will allow the optimization of the design of the solid-gas reactor according to a power criterion
Nou, Julien. "Gestion optimale de l'énergie thermique dans un procédé hybride : solaire/géothermie pour le chauffage de bâtiments". Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756810.
Testo completoTeixeira, Fernando. "Élaboration par voie solaire et caractérisation de nanomatériaux à base de Silicium". Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0582.
Testo completoThe aim of this work was to realise and test solar processes for the preparation of silicon based nanomaterials such as SiOx nanopowders and, especially, silicon thin films. Evaporation of silicon placed on ZrO2 plate and melted at the focus of a solar furnace enabled us to produce condensed amorphous SiOx nanopowders, with powder grain sizes close to 30 nm. Thermodynamic calculations could forecast constant x values which were close to 1. These SiOx nanopowders presented photoluminescence properties. Evaporation of silicon massive cylindrical samples into high vacuum solar reactors resulted in the preparation of high density amorphous silicon thin films. Temperature distributions at the surface of the silicon cylinder, measured experimentally and calculated from numerical model, were used to simulate the film growth process. SEM imaging experiments have shown that the film thickness was about 100 nm for 10 minutes of experiment with growth rate near 0. 25 nm. Min-1. XPS characterisations suggest that the films contains Si-O chemical bonds randomly distributed into an amorphous silicon matrix
Le, Pierrès Nolwenn. "Procédé solaire de production de froid basse température (-28°C) par sorption solide-gaz". Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011253.
Testo completoPuiggali, Jean-Rodolphe. "Séchage de produits naturels : du processus au procédé". Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10640.
Testo completoMarc, Olivier. "Étude expérimentale, modélisation et optimisation d'un procédé de rafraîchissement solaire à absorption couplé au bâtiment". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867005.
Testo completoPiscopo, Antoine. "Chimie solaire et traitements photocatalytiques des eaux polluées : applications aux traitements sélectifs et exemple d'utilisation de catalyseurs supportés". Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Piscopo.Antoine.SMZ0202.pdf.
Testo completoKhennich, Mohammed. "Optimisation thermodynamique d’un procédé solaire utilisant un système de réfrigération à éjecto-compression pour la production du froid". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9756.
Testo completoPelay, Ugo. "Intégration d'un procédé de stockage thermochimique à un cycle de Rankine, sous énergie solaire concentrée (in-stores)". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4026/document.
Testo completoThe integration of a thermal energy storage (TES) system in a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant increases the daily production time and permits to overcome solar energy’s intermittent character. Among the three types of existing thermal storage technology (sensible, latent, thermochemical), thermochemical storage receives an increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, its high energy density and its capacity to store energy without heat losses during a long period of time make it the most promising candidate for CSP application. The principal objective of this PhD dissertation is to study the innovative thermochemical storage process, to propose conceptions for its integration into a CSP plant and to optimize the CSP plant’s overall efficiency. Various methodologies were used, including energy and exergy analyses based on the first and second law of thermodynamics, dynamic numerical simulations for the operation cycle and the life cycle analysis. Three integration configurations have been firstly proposed, studied and compared based on the energy and exergy analyses. Dynamics models for individual component of the system and the CSP plant as a whole were created and tested. These simulations made it possible to carry out a comparison or the integration configurations taking into account the inertia of the components and the variable solar irradiation. Several electricity production modes have also be tested (base production, peak production). Finally, a life cycle analysis was carried out in order to compare the three integration configurations based on environmental criteria
Tatsidjodoung, Parfait. "Procédé de stockage d'énergie solaire thermique par adsorption pour le chauffage des bâtiments : modélisation et simulation numérique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA012/document.
Testo completoSorption heat storage systems (SHSS) open new perspectives for solar heating of residential buildings. These systems allow long term heat storage (storage is done in the form of chemical potential) and offer high energy densities (up to 230 kWh/m3 of material on average) compared to conventional heat storage systems such as sensible heat storage (which, for the case of water, has an average energy density of approximately 81 kWh/m3 of material for a temperature change of 70 °C) and latent heat storage (nearly reaching energy densities of 90 kWh/m3 of material on average).This thesis aims to study the performance of a sorption solar heat storage system on zeolite 13X, integrated to low-energy building. Mathematical models of coupled heat and mass transfer of various components of the system are developed and validated through experimentation. Numerical dynamic simulations allow to study the functioning of the SHSS in specific conditions, and its design with the results from the parametric sensitivity analysis on its components
Chaibi, Zouhair. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du séchage des boues d'épuration par énergie solaire : modélisation et contrôle du procédé". Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0854.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of a solar drier in order to control its internal temperature and humidity so as to optimize its use in mud drying by solar way. A mathematical modelhelps appreciate the evolution of the system and the influence of some parameters on the thermal behaviour of the drier. The established models helps in working out control parameters this process either as a function of temperature or humidity. These controls are useful because they make it possible to reduce the energy consumption by the extractor of the greenhouse. The result obtained are promising in view of using these controls on a real mud treatment station
De, Sousa Matthias. "Contribution à la purification des déchets de silicium solaire oxydé à l'aide d'un procédé assisté par plasma thermique". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0033/document.
Testo completoWafer manufacturing produces large amounts of solar-grade silicon waste that is not currently recovered because of its contamination during the slicing process. This work deals with the purification of silicon waste using a non-transferred arc plasma process. It was carried out by using a double approach combining numerical simulations and experiments. The former were done using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and made it to size the experimental configuration and understand the effect of process parameters on gas flow fields and powder treatment. The experimental study consisted in injecting powdered silicon waste (sawdust silicon, crushed powder) into the plasma jet under controlled atmosphere and collecting the treated material in a hot crucible. Decarburization and deoxidation of silicon waste, including sawdust resulting from wafer slicing, was achieved by the developed method. However, the removal of metal impurities in silicon sawdust was not demonstrated in this study. The experimental and numerical results showed that deoxidation was improved with a low-velocity plasma jet and limited air content in the area of treatment. Silica carboreduction and silica volatilization by silicon oxidation seemed to be the two mechanisms involved in the purification process
Bechu, Solène. "Etude et caractérisation de couches minces photosensibles organique-inorganique à base de titane pour la conversion de l'énergie solaire". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4025/document.
Testo completoThis work is based on the study and the processing of photosensitive titanium oxide sol gel as thin films. Theses titanium oxides are relevant due to the presence of an intermediate level in the material band gap, after photo-reduction of the Ti(IV) in Ti(III). They are potential candidates for photovoltaic application, specifically for the third solar cells generation, which aims to overlay the Schockley-Queisser theoretical limit. Previous studies were run on the bulk materials at the Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, however here, the study will be focused on thin films from those oxides. First of all, spectroscopic studies (Infra-Red and Raman) are carried out to understand the polycondensation mechanism of those titanium oxides sols-gels. Then, a characterization is led by Infra-Red, Raman and XPS on thin films made from those materials. The second part of this work is relative to the changes observed in the material during the reduction of Ti(IV) in Ti(III). In order to understand it, insitu illuminations were performed and the evolutions of XPS and Infra-Red spectra were analyzed. Intermediate states were characterized, through a vectorial method, developed in order to identify and understand the changes. Finally, those sols-gels have been used to fabricate third generation solar cells, based on the architecture of organic solar cells. Current-voltage measurements were performed, by using different interfacial layers
Michel, Benoît. "Procédé thermochimique pour le stockage intersaisonnier de l'énergie solaire : modélisation multi-échelles et expérimentation d'un prototype sous air humide". Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818838.
Testo completoNourdine, Ali. "Matériaux polymères pour cellule solaire photovoltaïque organique : vers un nouveau procédé de mise en forme par extrusion de multicouches". Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0114.
Testo completoThe performance of organic photovoltaic solar cells depends on the active layer morphology and the arrangement of the donor and acceptor. Increasing the amount of donor/acceptor interface and reducing the size of the domains optimize the photovoltaic efficiencies. A new approach could consist in using nano-multilayers of donor and acc¬¬¬eptor polymers by forced assembly. The work presented in this thesis is part of a broader project, which consists in developing a new solvent-free process for production of nano-multilayers organic solar cells alternating donor and acceptor layers. More specifically, the aim of this thesis was to select, synthesize and study photoactive and extrudable donor and acceptor polymers. Poly(3-octylthiophene) was chosen as the donor polymer and polystyrene grafted by an various percentage of fullerene C60 as the acceptor polymer. This work was realised at the National Institute of Solar Energy (INES), and was organized in three steps. The first part focused on synthesis and characterization of various acceptor polymers with different percentages of C60. Both physicochemical and photovoltaic properties (electron mobility, tests in solar cells) were characterized. Finally, the rheological behaviour and characteristic temperatures were studied to confirm their plausible processability by extrusion
Xiong, Shuyao. "Nouveau procédé de mise en forme de matériaux composites et modélisation numérique pour les applications par voie solaire thermique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0031.
Testo completoSolar energy, a sustainable and non-polluting alternative to fossil fuels, gains momentum with enhanced materialproperties. This study proposes a novel approach for composite solar receiver materials, integrating an absorptionlayer and a thermal conductive substrate. Various powders, including AlN, α-SiC, Cu, stainless steel, CaO (micron,submicron, and nano-scale), β-SiC, γ-Al2O3, and carbon black, were explored. Innovative solvent-free processes andheat-treatment-free techniques were introduced for powder mixing and coating. Pellets, produced by spark plasmasintering, include AlN with CaO additives, α-SiC with CaO and Al2O3 additives, Cu with β-SiC, and stainless steel. Solarabsorber material deposition utilized carbon black. The self-constructed solar simulator assessed energy absorptionand heat transfer efficiency. Finite element method simulated radiative and conductive heat transfer in compositeporous pellets. Geometric shapes aligned with pellet structures for accurate comparisons. The Picomix provedsuperior to traditional ball milling for preparing mixed powders, offering a solvent-free and eco-friendly approach.Achieving a thermal conductivity of 135.3 W/m∙K, the AlN pellet with 3 wt% nano CaO at 5000 rpm rotational speedexceled. Dry-coating β-SiC by Picomix effectively reduced Cu oxidation while maintaining high thermal conductivity,presenting a promising anti-oxidation treatment. Adding 9 wt% Al2O3 and CaO to α-SiC elevated its pellet thermalconductivity to 114 W/m∙K. Under the solar simulator's high radiative heat flux, AlN-additive with carbon layercomposites and α-SiC-additive pellets exhibited enhanced solar energy absorption and heat transfer. Modeling resultsunderscored the combined influence of thickness, porosity, and thermal conductivity on porous pellet heat transfer.For pellets with thickness below 50 mm, porosity less than 0.3, and thermal conductivity surpassing 100 W/m∙K, heattransfer efficiency remained comparable. The solar absorption layer's thickness significantly impacted compositeporous pellet heat transfer rate. Solar absorber material’s thermal conductivity minimally affected solar energyabsorption and heat transfer efficiency beyond 50 W/m∙K. Diverse geometric model configurations yieldedcomparable simulation outcomes
Abouchi, Hamza. "Purification de silicium solaire dans des réacteurs à grande surface". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI035.
Testo completoSolar grade silicon, needed to supply the ever-growing photovoltaic market, has to be purified from metallurgical silicon. The classical chemical route for purification has a high energy cost and environmental drawbacks. The alternative metallurgical route has to decrease its production cost to meet with the low market price. In this work, we study a technology breakthrough compared to existing processes to remove boron, such as the plasma process previously studied in the SIMaP laboratory.The first chapter of this thesis presents the context of silicon production for solar cells, with focus on the chemical route and the metallurgical route for silicon purification, and explains the goal of this work. The second chapter discuss a state of the art of the processes to remove boron by gas blowing. Different setups of different teams are presented, and the literature survey is specially focused on the role of each gas species, the kinetics of the boron removal and the purification limit due to the formation of a silica layer.Chapter three presents a theoretical model developed during this PhD to describe the boron removal by gas blowing, in continuous reactors with counter-current gas and liquid flows. The model takes into account a chemical equilibrium at the interface, mass transfer to the bulk fluids and the limit on the oxidant fraction due to the formation of a silica layer. It was run at laboratory scale and then used to extrapolate at industrial scale.The experimental part of the thesis is presented in chapters four and five, where the design, realisation and tests of a laboratory scale experiment are detailed. Thermal tuning was performed and new phenomena were reported, involving capillarity and condensation of gaseous species. Boron removal results are shown for situations where the continuous flow of silicon was suppressed. As shown in our last chapter, further experimental developments would be fruitful at laboratory scale, together with studies at industrial scale using our theoretical model
Slim, Rayan. "Étude et conception d'un procédé de séchage combiné de boues de stations d'épuration par énergie solaire et pompe à chaleur". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003485.
Testo completoN'Tsoukpoe, Kokouvi Edem. "Etude du stockage à long terme de l'énergie solaire thermique par procédé d'absorption LiBr-H2O pour le chauffage de l'habitat". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00710249.
Testo completoBounaceur, Arezki. "Interaction lit fluidisé de particules solides-rayonnement solaire concentré pour la mise au point d'un procédé de chauffage de gaz à plus de 1000 K". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409692.
Testo completoMarchal, Clément. "Synthèse et réactivité de nanocomposites Au / g-C3N4 / TiO2 pour la production d’hydrogène par procédé photocatalytique sous illumination solaire et visible". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF011/document.
Testo completoNowadays, energy demand is constantly increasing while fossil ressources are dwindling and has become imperative to find new alternative energy sources. Photocatalysis is a promising and innovative way to produce hydrogen (H2) from renewable energies. The ai mis to develop stable and efficient materials in order to bring the process towards sufficient efficiency for possible mid-term developments. This thesis focuses on the development and optimization of new nanostructured composite systems, Au / gC3N4 / TiO2, for hydrogen produciton by water-splitting. The innovative aspect is to optimize every components in order to take advantages of each and then to intimately associate them in hierarchical structure for obtaining competitive rates of hydrogen production at room temperature under solar and visible illumination. A comparative study was also undertaken on commercial photocatalyst TiO2 P25 « Evonik ® » to highlight the efficiency of these new materials. Finally, photocatalytic activities of these composites were correlated with their physico-chemical properties
Tardieu, Alaphilippe Muriel. "Recherche d'un nouveau procédé de conversion thermodynamique de l'énergie solaire, en vue de son application à la cogénération de petite puissance". Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3036.
Testo completoNowadays, in our energy and environmental context, one of our major problems is the development of "clean" energy solutions. The subject of this thesis consists in the research of a new solution of thermodynamic solar energy conversion, in order to produce low power electricity (< 50 kW) adapted to cogeneration. The technology has to be simple and suitable for developing countries. The system must be able to become a challenge to the existing processes: i. E. Photovoltaïc or dish Stirling systems. A general classification of small size power system, realized from a "karyotype", allows to list the possible solutions for solar energy conversion. The system finally chosen is based on the coupling of an Ericsson engine in opened cycle with a simple parabolic trough collector. A first theoretical analysis of the energetic and exergetic performances of the system is completed by an analysis of the power plant performances during a real period of sunshine, with and without thermal storage, then for two locations, the first one in France, the other in Algeria. These analyses lead to the sizing of the system and the evaluation of the monthly and annual daily performances. Finally an experimental analysis allows to characterize the thermal transfers in the parabolic trough solar collector
Atheba, Grah Patrick. "Traitement des eaux par action combinée de la photocatalyse solaire et de l'adsorption sur charbon actif : conception et réalisation du procédé". Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ032S/document.
Testo completoOur studies have focused on the development of a simple photoreactor hand-made from polymer wastes and recover the coconut shell waste tuning them into activated carbon for the treatment of wastewater. The first part of our study, the photoreactor allowed for the photodegradation of Diuron (abundant in herbicides used in agriculture), under artificial (UV lamp) and natural (sunlight) irradiation. The tests were conducted on two commercial supported catalysts (the Quartzel for Saint-Gobain Quartz and cellulosic support for Ahlstrom). The photodegradation of Diuron kinetics follows a pseudo-first order. The cellulosic support is suitable of our photoreactor even if the Quartzel is more efficient than the cellulosic support. The photodégradation under both two irradiation sources is the same. In order to recover the waste agricultural on Côte d'Ivoire (mainly final waste coconut shell), active carbons were prepared from them by physical activation. We have developed a method that takes into account the cost factor and product performance. Tests of physical and chemical characterizations were performed. Our coal "optimized" has a specific surface of 750 m² per gram about is essentially microporous and contains features acids and bases on its surface. Kinetic studies of adsorption of Diuron showed that the optimized coal has a good affinity with the probe molecule. We have in the last part of our study combined the two processes (photocatalysis followed by adsorption on activated carbon). Preliminary studies on the photo-reactors were carried out. These tests have allowed us to establish the experimental protocol used, which was to make the photodegradation for 90 minutes and then pass the solution through a cartridge of activated carbon prepared by ourselves. A comparative study of three methods was performed and we observed the benefits of coupling TiO2/CA. We could eliminate 10 % of Diuron, and by-products of photodegradation of Diuron remained on the solution. Also technically we can do the process by the day by Photocatalysis and by night by adsorption
Boulnois, Gabriel. "Intégration d'un procédé de stockage thermochimique à une centrale solaire thermodynamique : de l'expérimentation à l'échelle matériau aux performances énergétiques à l'échelle système". Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0013/document.
Testo completoHigh-temperature heat storage processes using thermochemical solid/gas reaction exhibit great interest for applications in solar thermodynamic power plants. The reactive pair CaO/Ca(OH)2 is suitable for this recovery step application ranging from 350 to 550°C within steam pressures from 0.2 to 2 bar. Heat and mass transfer Ca(OH)2+GNE beds parameters were evaluated through correlations and experimentations. Experiments achieved recovery reaction powers above 200kW.m-3 for compatible durations with solar power plants (1 to 15 hours). A 2D model was developed, validated and exploited to study the coupled influences of different parameters on the performance of TCS. Finally, the benefit of different configurations of TCS integration within the solar power plant have been highlighted in terms of thermal performances and sources and sinks power exchanges
Bounaceur, Arezki. "Interaction lit fluidisé de particules solides-rayonnement solaire concentré pour la mise au point d’un procédé de chauffage de gaz à plus de 1000 K". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5281/01/These-Bounaceur.pdf.
Testo completoAt the moment the traditional fossil energy (oil, coal. . . ) are beginning to run out, causing humanity to seek other sources of energy to meet his needs. Nature holds many sources of inexhaustible and clean energy like solar energy, biomass and wind energy. The availability of solar energy, its free and renewal encourage its collection and use. Solar energy can be collected for various uses as conducting an endothermic chemical reaction or production of electricity. The production of solar electricity is made by photovoltaic processes or by thermodynamic processes. Those have an interesting performance, but are currently limited by temperature steam cycles. One solution is to heat a gas at very high temperatures at the entrance of a gas turbine. The work presented in this report describes a process of collecting concentrated solar energy based on a change section fluidized bed. The collection of solar energy is directly through a transparent quartz window. The design of our solar receiver is based on two studies. The first enable us to cold test several transparent columns with different geometries and dimensions to optimize the distribution of particles during fluidization. This study enable us to choose the dimensions and geometry of the solar receiver. In parallel, we made a first receiver artificial illumination by infrared lamps. We have designed the receiver in RAPSODEE laboratory of the Ecole des Mines d'Albi. It helped us to verify the feasibility of the process and to have the first results of the hot fluidized bed. The solar receiver was then tested in 4. 6 m solar concentrator of PROMES-CNRS Odeillo. During our work we studied experimentally and numerically heat transfer in the fluidized bed and the influence of various physical parameters for the effectiveness of the receiver. A mathematical model of radiative transfer based on the Monte Carlo Method in 1 D was achieved. The model is used to determine the distribution of heat in the different layers of the fluidized bed and the radiative losses. We conclude for the relevance of our choice in this work and the perspectives. Key words : concentrated solar radiation, fluidized bed, hot gas, solar receiver, radiative heat transfer, Monte Carlo Method
Veynandt, François. "Cogénération héliothermodynamique avec concentrateur linéaire de Fresnel : modélisation de l’ensemble du procédé". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0116/document.
Testo completoLinear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) is a promising Concentrating Solar Power technology. Research is booming and industrial applications are emerging. Applications range from small production units (heat, cold, electricity) to utility scale power plants (several tenths of MW). This PhD work establishes a global model of the solar process, in order to improve our knowledge of the system’s performances. It is a static model suited for a pre-design of the system. The model is chaining three parts. Radiative heat transfer in the optical concentrator is modelled by Monte Carlo statistical Method. The algorithm enables a detailed study of any geometrical configuration, especially through absorbed power flux maps on the receiver. The simulation tool is using the environment of development EDStar. The thermal model calculates analytically the useful thermal power, losses and temperature profiles along the receiver (glass cover, fluid, pipe...). The thermodynamic cycle is simulated analytically using the software Thermoptim. The studied application uses air as heat transfer and working fluid. Air directly feeds an Ericsson engine. The engine developed by LaTEP laboratory is promising for small scale cogeneration (1 to several tenths of kWel). The prototype Linear Fresnel Reflector built in Ecole des Mines d’Albi will enable experimental study of a solar process coupling an LFR concentrator and an Ericsson engine. The technology under study can feed a power plant or a cogeneration system in the industry, producing electricity and heat at 100 to 250°C. Hybridisation with an other energy source (biomass, gas...) and thermal storage (molten salt?) are key features to investigate. To optimise the operating strategy of the process, dynamic behaviour must be studied: a systemic or agent based model is a very relevant approach
Youssef, Laurène. "Développement par procédé plasma de couches minces de type TiO2 dopé à l'azote pour la production d'hydrogène par photo-électrolyse de l'eau sous lumière solaire". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS133/document.
Testo completoDirect coupling of separation and photo-catalysis using membranes based on titanium dioxide, is an interesting approach usually applied in water treatment devices, and recently considered for other applications, such as hydrogen production by water photo-electrolysis. Indeed, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is well-known for its photo-catalytic properties. In addition, if it is immobilized on membrane supports rather than used in suspensions, its integration in the separation process is facilitated and some advantages of the process in terms of compactness, integrity and separation capacity are provided. For such an application, original multilayered cells are required. Some systems are described in the literature but none of them is truly integrated (that is to say based on a micro-architecture geometry of multi-layer type) or formed of thin layers obtained by plasma processes. Now plasma processes are generally competitive for obtaining multilayered systems with high integrity and compactness. As part of recent works at IEM, various types of thin films were prepared by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) to include TiO2 films known for their photo-catalytic properties and phosphonic acid membranes with average protons conductivity. In addition, effective platinum thin films for the protons catalytic reduction into hydrogen could also be deposited by another plasma process, sputtering. In this work, TiO2 films obtained by Low Frequency PECVD are optimized in terms of photo-catalytic activity and separation properties; this optimization, regarding the nitrogen doping of TiO2 (for the band gap shifting from the UV region to the visible region), is the first objective of this thesis project. The thin films structural and functional properties are characterized.The second aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the competitiveness of these films for the Hydrogen production/separation by solar energy. To this end, the layers photo-response has been tested in the dark, under UV and under visible light in a mono-compartment cell where both electrodes are immersed in a liquid electrolyte. Further studies integrating the TiO2 layers in contact with a commercial electrolyte membrane and a platinum counter-electrode (whose characterizations are presented in annexes), are also performed. The last aim of this work is the Plasma technology transfer from the European Membrane Institute of University of Montpellier to the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials of Lebanese University. The installation and configuration details are presented in the last chapter as well as the results of the first depositions based on operating conditions already optimized at European Membrane Institute
Lefebvre, Emeline. "Procédé par absorption avec stockage d’énergie solaire intersaisonnier intensifié par la cristallisation de l’absorbant : recherche & caractérisation thermodynamique de nouveaux couples : conception de la cuve de stockage". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10248.
Testo completoThe use of solar energy as a renewable energy has been widely demonstrated since many years. Thermal solar energy storage is an interesting way of reducing gas emissions. This storage can be achieved using water vapor absorption-desorption in a binary system with a desiccant salt. The innovation of this project is the crystallization of the salt solution as its temperature falls under the storage temperature to optimize the storage capacity. A previous work was realized using LiBr as absorbent. In spite of its interesting efficiency, two major drawbacks have been underlined: its price and its low storage capacity. This work is dedicated to evaluate and characterize new potential candidates of absorbent usable in the industrial process. The first chapter presents a bibliography report of the various thermal energy processes. The second and third chapters display the thermodynamical properties of the selected binary systems, calculated from calorimetric and vapor pressure measurements, and calculated process parameters which lead to select the new absorbent. The fourth chapter is based on the study of the solid/liquid/gas equilibrium of the new binary system and of LiBr/H20 to characterize the crystallized phases in many different equilibrium states. Finally, the last chapter presents a preliminary study of the CFD modeling of the non-isothermal flow in the storage tank and the suggested geometries tested for the crystallization of KHCOO in the storage tank
Zhou, Di. "Conception and realization of solar cells based on silicon nanostructures". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10160/document.
Testo completoFor planar p-n junction solar cell, the material must be thick enough to have enough absorption, whereas increasing the thickness leads to the increase of recombination of carriers. In order to decouple the requirement of light absorption and carrier collection, nanopillars (or nanocones) radial p-n junction are introduced. Nanopillars (or nanocones) have greater absorption and radial geometry offers minimal recombination if the diameter of nanopillars ( or nanocones ) is smaller than the minority carrier diffusion length. This work presents the realization and characterization of low-cost Si nanostructures (nanopillars and nanocones) solar cell with sol-gel derived ZnO transparent electrodes. In order to decrease the fabrication price, silica balls and Lamguir-Blodgett techniques are used as the substitutes of photoresist and electrical beam lithography, respectively. Besides, ZnO thin film transparent electrodes are synthesized by low-cost sol-gel methods For pursuiting high efficiency, first of all, we have tested the absorption of nanopillars and nanocones by varying their periods, diameters, lengths and sidewalls. Second, we have optimized the electrical properties of ZnO thin film by changing the synthesis parameters, such as doping concentration, baking temperature, anneal temperature and hydrogen treatment. In the end, solar cells were fabricated based on optimized Si nanostructures and optimized ZnO thin films. Due to their bad electrical properties associated with surface defects, surface passivation methods were performed to reduce the defects concentration in p-i-n junction and improve the efficiency of solar cells
Atteia, François. "Développement d'un procédé de texturation de surface du silicium et intégration sur des cellules photovoltaïques et photodétecteurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0158.
Testo completoLight trapping is a phenomenon initially observed in the nature. With the advent of new technologies, it is undergoing a strong evolution today. This ability to absorb light has become essential for a growing number of applications, in particular photovoltaics. One of these methods is the fabrication of nanostructures on the material surface.The main objective of this PhD is to develop a process for modifying the surface of silicon (called Black Silicon) at room temperature by plasma etching which will be integrated onto a photovoltaic cell surface. To achieve this goal, the thesis work took place in three stages around the realization of Black Silicon (BS) absorbing more than 99% of light on large surfaces, then on the design and manufacturing of a photovoltaic cell (with a yield of 13%), the last step concerns the passivation of the BSIn conclusion, the surface nanostructuring of Silicon, by the process that we have developed and the proof of concept carried out on photovoltaic cells with interdigitated back contacts, offer numerous perspectives in the field of energy harvesting and solar conversion but also in imaging
Idir, Anis. "Procédé thermochimique de production/stockage de froid pour le refroidissement et la valorisation de chaleur basse température de panneaux photovoltaïques". Thesis, Perpignan, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PERP0016.
Testo completoPhotovoltaic technology (PV) is one of the most widely used renewable electricity generation techniques. However, the photoelectric conversion process generates a large amount of heat in the solar cells, causing a significant increase in their operating temperature, which has a significant impact on the conversion efficiency. When the panels operate in areas with high solar irradiation and arid climatic conditions, the operating temperatures can reach 80°C to 100°C, which also impacts their durability. Thus, the objective of this thesis work is to improve the global solar energy conversion by limiting the operating temperature increase of PV modules through an active cooling in order to increase their electrical performance and to valorize in cold the thermal energy generated by a gas sorption thermal process. The aim is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of such a coupling and to evaluate its energy relevance. A gas sorption process exploiting a saturated solution, allowing to exploit the low temperature heat extracted from the PV panels and to valorize it in cold has thus been defined, designed, experimented and analyzed. A simulation tool has been developed to evaluate under realistic operating conditions the electrical performance a PV solar power plant and cooling performance of the thermally coupled sorption process. Such a coupling, which allows for electricity/cooling cogeneration, shows that it is possible to improve the overall energy gain by 10.5 % compared to that of standard PV panels, while resulting in a small overall energy loss of 1.3 % due to the additional conversion of heat to cold
Kintz, Harold. "Réalisation de couches minces nanocomposites par un procédé original couplant la pyrolyse laser et la pulvérisation magnétron : application aux cellules solaires tout silicium de troisième génération". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958453.
Testo completoDe, Vecchi Sylvain. "Développement de cellules photovoltaïques à hétérojonction de silicium et contacts interdigités en face arrière". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0050/document.
Testo completoThis thesis studies the fabrication and the optimization of a new structure to enhance the efficiency of crystalline silicon based solar cells. This new cell design uses a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction (Si-HJ) technology applied on interdigitated back contact structures (IBC). With IBC Si-HJ solar cells, the efficiency potential is theoretically higher than 25%. Their fabrication requires to pattern doped a-Si:H and the associated metallization on the same side. The implementation of those process steps has been carefully studied. All processes used in this study are potentially industrial (PECVD, sputtering, screen-printing, and laser) and the obtained structure without buffer layer between the BSF and the emitter allows to reduce fabrication steps. Issues linked to this design have been investigated. Within the frame of this work, the maximum efficiency reached on reduced size devices (25cm²) with n-type substrate and is 19% which is the 3rd best result worldwide. The cell performances are still limited by the absorption of front surface passivating layer (a-Si:H) and by the low doped layer conductivity. Several optimization ways are explored in this study. An innovative metallization process is then elaborated to allow large area solar cell fabrication while limiting resistive losses and offering more flexibility on metallized pattern. The interconnection and the encapsulation of cells with this metallization design have been illustrated and a module with 4 cells has been fabricated
Guilbert, Sébastien René Charles. "Les cellules solaires photovoltaiques : optimisation et extension des cellules au silicium amorphe : préparation à l'introduction de nouvelles technologies". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-363.pdf.
Testo completoGillot, Jessy. "Synthèse et cristallisation de silicates amorphes poreux dans le ternaire MgO-CaO-SiO2 : application à la transition amorphe-cristal des disques d’accrétion". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10059/document.
Testo completoIn the framework of mineral evolution, interstellar dust could be claimed as the oldest ancestor of all minerals which spread on Earth and, further, in all comic objects traveling through the solar system, like comets, meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. History of stars begin with the collapse of an interstellar cloud made of gas and dust. Dust is mainly composed of Mg-rich amorphous silicates. In first stages of star formation, the diffuse mixture of gas and dust is dragged out by stellar winds and radiations to form a accretion disk in orbital motion around the new burning body. Then, processing of dust occurs. One consequence is an impressive amorphous-crystal transition known as the ‘crystalline revolution’. A mineral zoning appears along the disk with the formation of two major Mg-rich crystalline silicates, forsterite and enstatite. Two mechanisms can account for the formation of these two phases from the in-falling amorphous dust : evaporation-condensation and solid crystallization. The present work focuses on the solid state crystallization process in order to give support for the interpretation of the mineralogical zoning. First, a sol-gel synthesis is worked out to produce amorphous and porous magnesium and calcium rich silicates as analogs of interstellar dust. Second, their crystallization behavior is studied by x-ray diffraction and by transmission electron microscopy. Main results are an enhanced nucleation and a sequenced crystallization with systematic Mg- or Ca- enriched crystalline phases formed at first. Using a material science frame, the results are discussed in the context of the mineralogical zoning in disks and the occurrence of crystalline silicates in extraterrestrial objects such as interplanetary dust particles, comets and meteorites
Wilmet, Maxence. "Élaboration de revêtements transparents à base de clusters de métaux de transition pour le blocage des rayonnements proche-infrarouge". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S108/document.
Testo completoThe antagonism between growing global energy needs and the obligation to slow the global warming is one of the challenges humanity faces. In order to ensure sufficient thermal comfort, the housing, automotive or agricultural buildings sectors are major energy consumers. To reduce these needs, one of the proposed solutions aims to improve the thermal insulation of these buildings through the use of innovative materials. One of the major objectives is to improve the insulation of the windows which represent a significant part of the energy losses. The research described in this thesis has made it possible to develop transparent materials for visible solar radiation while being effective shields against ultraviolet and near-infrared radiation. Such materials are the result of the combination between transition metal cluster patterns having desired absorption properties and a host matrix for shaping these materials (processability). The syntheses as well as the methodology for modulating the absorption and integration properties of clusters in different sol-gel or polymer matrices are presented. Of particular interest is the relationship between the structure of cluster pattern and their absorption properties through comparisons between experimental studies and quantum chemistry studies using density functional theory (DFT). In fine, the increase in the level of understanding of the structure-absorption properties of the clusters studied will make it possible to consider the study of new compositions for even more efficient materials in the future for solar control
Mollicone, Jessica. "Fonctionnalisation de supports de SiC par imprégnation de sols et-ou de suspensions en vue d'améliorer les rendements de conversion d'échangeurs solaires". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30285/document.
Testo completoThe necessity of finding new energy sources leads to the development of concentrated solar thermal power plants and more particularly the one using towers. Air is used as a heat transfer fluid flowing in a receiver heated by concentrated sunlight. The absorber, located in the receiver, is the key element of these devices; it must both absorb solar radiation and have a low infrared emissivity to limit thermal radiation losses. This work is part of the OPTISOL project, which aim is to optimize the thermo-optical properties of a volumetric absorber. For this purpose, a silicon carbide foam was selected as the mechanical support of the absorber for its good resistance to high temperatures and for its ability to be efficient to absorb sunlight. Several laboratories have worked on this project and the role of CIRIMAT was, at first, to characterize these silicon carbide foams using conventional and less conventional techniques such as X microtomography. Secondly, silicon carbide foams have been functionalized by a selective oxide, YBaCuO, in order to optimize the spectral selectivity of the system. For this, liquid routes such as sol-gel or suspension techniques have been selected and a functionalization process was implemented for coating planar (pellet) and volumetric (porous foam) substrates. The spectral selectivity of the functionalized silicon carbide was studied by infrared-visible spectrometry and the results are promising since a decrease in the infrared emissivity was observed while maintaining a high absorptivity of solar radiation
Merigeon, Julien. "Etude des verres d’encapsulation pour cellules solaires photovoltaïques en silicium monocristallin". Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0083.
Testo completoThe thesis studies the encapsulation glass for monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Two ways were explored to reduce the efficiency loss due to encapsulation: reducing reflection losses of silica based glasses with antireflection layers and the use of rareearth- doped fluoride glass for frequency conversion. On the one hand, antireflection layers have been deposited on the silica glass by sol-gel method. The optical characterizations were carried out by spectrophotometry and ellipsometry and the influence of different encapsulation glasses on the current density-voltage characteristics (J-V) were measured under solar simulator irradiation in standard conditions (AM1.5 and 100 mW/cm2) for various reference cells. On the other hand, the rare-earth-doped fluoride glasses which they can convert frequencies in order to change the energy of photons to energies adapted to the optical gap of the silicon has been investigated. The glasses used are fluorinated matrix ZLAG and ZBLA doped with rareearth elements (Pr3+, Tm3+, Yb3+). The effect of doping on the electrical performance of encapsulated cells was studied correlated with physical and optical properties of glasses (energy transfer, luminescence, transmittance). Frequency conversion was demonstrated by luminescence for all of the rare-earth-doped samples. Then the most promising results for encapsulating was found for codoped Yb3+-Pr3+ ZBLA glass. The benefit of the frequency conversion was shown for the first time in J-V characteristics. Then, characteristics of the reference cells with these new encapsulating glasses were compared to those from glasses commonly used in the photovoltaic modules industry