Tesi sul tema "Problèmes ferroviaires"
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Delorme, Xavier. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes liés à l'exploitation d'infrastructures ferroviaires". Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bc3fe069-ea2a-4864-9968-8cc1fe7bd9f1.
Testo completoThe subject of this thesis is the planning of railroad infrastructures operation at a node or station scale. In order to determine an offer strategy, it is important to have some evaluation tools of the infrastructures capacity. This allows to evaluate the network limits, and to study the impact of some modifications. The main questions considered are, the feasibility of a timetable, its optimization according to criteria like the number of trains (saturation), and the stability evaluation. We propose a multiobjective linear model of this problem. The precision considered is accurate enough to obtain realizable timetables in practice on the studied infrastructures. Moreover, it presents two structures corresponding to classic optimization problems named shortest path and set packing. If the resolution of the first one is easy, the second one is known as NP-hard. We propose several pre-processing algorithms, and an approximation method based on the GRASP metaheuristic, for this problem. A first extension of this method in biobjective case is presented. The numerical experimentations on several instances, corresponding to Pierrefitte-Gonesse node or randomly generated, show the efficiency of these algorithms. The integration of these works in a complete software dedicated to the evaluation of railroad infrastructures capacity (RECIFE project, in collaboration with the french national railroad society) is described
Grange, Camille. "Design and application of quantum algorithms for railway optimisation problems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMONS009.
Testo completoThis thesis is dedicated to the conception and application of quantum algorithms for railway combinatorial optimization problems. Today, the optimization problems that SNCF faces are complex, often prohibiting finding the optimal solution for industrial instances with classical methods within a reasonable amount of time. Quantum computing is expected to improve the quality of solutions and reduce the computation time for some of these problems. Quantum algorithms for optimization are divided into two classes: exact algorithms and heuristics. The former demonstrate theoretical advantages for several problems but cannot be implemented on current quantum machines because they require too high-quality quantum resources. On the contrary, the latter can be implemented, at least for small instances, but there are no performance guarantees or proven quantum advantages yet. In this thesis, we analyze and propose algorithms that belong to each of these two classes.On the one hand, we study the Variational Quantum Algorithms, which belong to the class of heuristics. These are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that alternate between a parametrized quantum circuit and a classical optimizer. They allow solving unconstrained problems with binary variables, and we propose a general method to reformulate constrained integer problems into such problems. We highlight some properties of Variational Quantum Algorithms necessary for potential theoretical guarantees. In particular, we study QAOA (Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm) in light of the previous properties, and we provide a universal decomposition of the quantum circuit for problems whose objective function is polynomial. We solve with this algorithm a railway timetabling problem of SNCF. It consists of finding the transportation plan maximizing the operating profit according to the customers' demand taking into account the availability and cost of both the network and the rolling stock. To solve it with QAOA, we propose two simplifications with different adaptations of the original problem.On the other hand, we design exact quantum-classical algorithms for two broad families of combinatorial problems. The first family relates to scheduling problems. We propose an algorithm that tackles a large class of NP-hard single-machine scheduling problems, which satisfy a specific dynamic programming property (Dynamic Programming Across the Subsets). Our algorithm, based on the seminal idea of Ambainis et al. (2019), combines classical dynamic programming and quantum search of the minimum in a table (generalization of Grover Search). It reduces the worst-case time complexity, sometimes at the cost of an additional pseudopolynomial factor. We extend this algorithm to the 3-machine flowshop problem, also leading to a reduction of the complexity. The second family concerns robust optimization problems where the uncertainty set is a polytope. We present an algorithm that, relying on the classical method that deals with these problems, replaces some computations with quantum subroutines to achieve a speedup. Specifically, we study the two following quantum subroutines: the search of the minimum in a table and the resolution of a linear system
Morin, Marie-Hélène. "Modélisation et décomposition des problèmes de transbordement dynamiques : application à la répartition des wagons Fret-SNCF". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343876.
Testo completoKeita, Kaba. "Décomposition de Benders pour la gestion opérationnelle du trafic ferroviaire". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0023/document.
Testo completoIn railway systems, during congested traffic situations, the infrastructure capacity is completely exploited for trains circulation. In these situations, when traffic is perturbed some trains must be stopped or slowed down for ensuring safety, and delays occur. The real-time Railway Traffic Management Problem (rtRTMP) is the problem of modifying trains route and schedule to limit delay propagation. In this thesis, we propose a Benders decomposition of a MILP-based algorithm for this problem, named RECIFE-MILP. After observing that the standard Benders decomposition (BD) does not allow the effective solution of rtRTMP instances, we study three possible approaches to improve the performance. Specifically, we first propose a modification of the problem reformulation which is typical of BD, obtaining what we call reduced BD. Then, we introduce some inequalities to the Benders master problem. Finally, we split the solution process in three steps rather than two as in the standard BD. As we show in a thorough experimental analysis, the combination of the first and last approaches outperforms the original RECIFE-MILP algorithm when tackling large instances with some specific features
Brethomé, Lucile. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un plan de transport ferroviaire en zone dense du point de vue des voyageurs". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0014.
Testo completoThe design of a railway transportation plan is a process achieved between two years and six months before it is put into service. The main phases in the design of a transportation plan are the line planning, the timetabling, the rolling stock and the crew scheduling.The design of the transportation plan can have many consequences on the quality of service: an inadequate frequency in station can cause a loss of passengers, sufficient number of seated places, robustness of the timetable in the face of small incidents... In dense area, as in the Ile-de-France region, all these elements must be taken into account as the transportation plan is designed.Today, SNCF Transilien designs its transportation plans by first taking into account the optimization of production resources (train paths, rolling stock units and drivers). However, today, the increase in resources implemented no longer improves the adequacy of the transportation plan to passengers’ demand. This design method no longer makes it possible to cope with the increase in the demand for mobility (+3% each year since 2000). This is why we must rethink the design of the transport plan by immediately integrating the passenger dimension. Our work focuses on issues of line planning and timetabling in a passenger-oriented approach. First, we present a multi-objective model for line planning. Then, we present a model of timetabling incorporating passenger route choice. Then, we initiate a method to integrate these two models. Finally, we present an evaluation of our results thanks to reliability indicators from the literature and a macroscopic simulation of the timetables
Acuña-Agost, Rodrigo. "Mathematical modeling and methods for rescheduling trains under disrupted operations". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453640.
Testo completoArenas, Pimentel Luis Diego. "Contributions d'un modèle microscopique à la résolution du problème de construction d'une grille horaire et à la planification des activités de maintenance de l'infrastructure ferroviaire". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0034/document.
Testo completoMost railway systems experience a growing demand of railway capacity. To face this demand, either new infrastructure must be built or a more efficient exploitation of the existing one must be attained. Timetables play a determinant role in the efficient capacity exploitation. Most timetabling approaches in the literature are based on macroscopic representations of the infrastructure. This may lead to inefficient and in some cases, impractical solutions. Instead, microscopic approaches are based on more realistic modelling of the elements of the railway system. This guarantees the feasibility of the timetables while promoting an efficient capacity exploitation. However, due to their complexity, the scope of microscopic approaches is typically restricted to main stations. Despite the optimization of timetables, the performance of infrastructure maintenance may severely impact the trains' circulations in the network. Therefore, the timetable may have to be rearranged to ensure an efficient capacity exploitation. We present two main contributions in this thesis: first, a microscopic approach for timetable design. Second, a microscopic approach for timetable rearrangement to cope with maintenance. This is the first microscopic approach in the literature to tackle this problem while also considering specific aspects as temporary speed limitations. After a thorough experimental analysis, we demonstrate the validity of our approaches and their practical applicability in real life scenarios. In particular, we show that microscopic approaches can be used to tackle large areas of the infrastructure, including several stations
Cotte, Benjamin. "Propagation acoustique en milieu extérieur complexe: problèmes spécifiques au ferroviaire dans le contexte des trains à grande vitesse". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660494.
Testo completoCotté, Benjamin. "Propagation acoustique en milieu extérieur complexe : Problèmes spécifiques au ferroviaire dans le contexte des trains à grande vitesse". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0019.
Testo completoOutdoor sound propagation involves complex physical phenomena, mainly associated with temperature and wind variations in the atmospheric boundary layer and with boundary conditions (influence of the ground impedance, terrain effects,. . . ). Furthermore, in the context of high speed trains (TGV), noise sources are in motion at a relatively high speed, cannot be considered as compact, and are of different types (rolling noise, aerodynamic noise,. . . ). This work aims at modeling TGV noise propagation outdoors and at understanding the physical phenomena associated with this type of propagation. In a first part, acoustic scattering by turbulent fluctuations of temperature and wind is considered in the presence of a refractive shadow zone. The scattering effect of a given turbulence scale depends on acoustic frequency and propagation geometry. This coupling between turbulent structures, acoustic frequency and geometry is studied using tools from the theory of wave propagation in random media and parabolic equation simulations, in order to estimate the smallest and largest turbulence scales to be taken into account in a given configuration. In a second part, a solver of the linearized Euler equations is described which uses finite-difference time-domain methods. The use of optimized numerical schemes enables to apply this propagation model to long range sound propagation configurations. One of the main difficulties encountered with timedomain propagation models is to take into account the reflection of acoustic waves by an impedance ground. Time-domain impedance boundary conditions that are efficient from a numerical point of view are proposed for impedance models commonly used in outdoor sound propagation studies. To obtain these boundary conditions, the impedance is approximated by well chosen template functions, which enables the use of the recursive convolution method. They are validated in two- and three-dimensional propagation geometries, considering a homogeneous atmosphere and then a stratified atmosphere. Finally, specific applications to TGV noise are presented in a third part. First, a TGV noise propagation model is described where the train is represented by a set of equivalent point sources. Model results are compared to measurements performed at different distances from the track assuming homogeneous propagation conditions. The equivalent sources model is also coupled to a parabolic equation code in order to take into account the influence of a vertical profile of temperature or wind. Second, the characteristics of a “rumbling” noise that can be heard tens of second before or after some TGV pass-bys are analyzed. In some circumstances, it is indeed possible to hear a relatively low-frequency noise perceived as an aircraft pass-by, which is referred to as “rumbling” noise. The analysis is mainly based on experimental results and enables to determine the characteristics of this “rumbling” noise and the circumstances in which it occurs. Parabolic equation simulations are also performed to show the importance of the wind in the appearance of this phenomenon
Thiard, Florence. "Ordonnancement de ressources de transports : flow-shops robotisés circulaires et un problème pratique de gestion ferroviaire". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM070/document.
Testo completoThe first part of this work deals with cyclic production for throughput optimization in robotic flow-shops, where a robot is in charge of the material handling of parts. Robotic cells may have a linear or a circular layout. Most theoretical results for the linear layout do not hold for the circular layout. In particular, the problem of finding the best one part production cycle (1-cycle), which is a polynomial problem for linear additive cells, has been proved NP-hard for the corresponding circular configuration.We mainly focus on a special case of circular balanced cells, where the processing times are identical for all machines. After presenting tools for cyclic analysis in circular cells, we study necessary properties of efficient 1-cycles. These results allow to conclude on the best one part production cycle for any parameters in circular balanced cells up to 8 machines. However, we provide a counter-example to the classical 1-cycle conjecture, still open for this configuration.Then, we study the structure of efficient one part production cycles in arbitrarily large circular balanced cells. We introduce and study a new family of cycles based on this structure, and formulate a conjecture on its dominance over one part-production cycles, which would lead to a polynomial algorithm for finding the best 1-cycle for circular balanced cells. This structure allows to settle the best one part production cycle for cells with up to 11 machines.In a second part, we present work on an industrial problem of railway stock scheduling proposed by the French railway company in the context of the ROADEF/EURO competition. We propose a greedy algorithm for this problem combining the various aspects of trains handling inside a station
Wei, Li Ming. "Alimentation par un seul onduleur de courant de plusieurs moteurs asynchrones en traction ferroviaire : mise en série et en parallèle : problème du patinage". Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT034H.
Testo completoSadki-Fenzar, Jalila. "Problèmes de couverture en nombres entiers : génération de colonnes, heuristiques d'approximation garantie et schémas hybrides. : Applications en transport ferroviaire et en planification de production". Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132009.
Testo completoLarge-size Covering Integer Programs (CIP) model many real-case applications. They appear typically as master problems resulting from a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. The well-known column generation approach is widely used for solving such large-size problems. In this thesis, it is combined in a hybrid way with the best-known approximation heuristic for CIP : the greedy heuristic of Dobson that is extended, through the resolution of fractional subproblems, to large-size CIP. The propsed hybridization scheme takes advantage of the distinct criteria of columns selection used by the two methods. It is evaluated on two transportation and production planning applications. Numerical results on real-case instances show that the hybrid scheme improves the convergence of column generation both in terms of number of iterations and computational time. The integer solutions derived from the column generation scheme are also significantly improved, highlighting the diversification potential of the approximation heuristic. On an other hand, an original reformulation of CIP as Set Covering Problems is proposed as an alternative demonstration of the logarithmic approximation ratio allowing it’s extention to new variants of CIP as the Fixed Charge Covering Integer Programs
Delavaud, Virginie. "Modélisation temporelle de l'interaction roue/rail pour une application au bruit de roulement ferroviaire". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00628346.
Testo completoCornet, Sélim. "Formalisation et résolution du problème de construction de grilles horaires robustes pour les réseaux ferrés denses". Thesis, Lille, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSPI/2020/50376-2020-Cornet.pdf.
Testo completoDue to the greater concentration of economic activities around big cities, transportation facilities are facing an increasing demand. In order to answer it, transport companies seek to provide an adequate offer. However, they are constrained by the progressive saturation of transportation networks. Concerning railway transportation, the increasing numbers of passengers and trains result in a higher number of disturbances occuring during operations, as well as a higher tendency of those to amplify and spread over the network. The final consequence is a lower quality of service for passenger and financial penalties to operating companies. There are two levels of action to prevent these phenomena or limit their reach : taking control actions during operations, and anticipate by building robust transportation plans that will make easier to cope with small random disturbances. The work presented in this thesis focuses mainly on this last point. After presenting railway operations and its specificities in a Mass Transit context and defining what we call ``small disturbances'', we provide a review of existing work on similar topics. Most of conceptual frames designed for robust train timetabling are inadequate when it comes to applying them to the specific case of dense traffic areas. That is why we propose a new model given under the form of a stochastic program. We present then a three-step approach for solving it. In the first step, we use data about operations to estimate the probability distributions of disturbances. In the second one, we use these distributions in a stochastic simulation tool that allows us to compute the performance of a given timetable. Finally, this tool is used as a fitness function in a simheuristic, based on simulated annealing algorithm, that aims at computing automatically some robust train timetables
Délémontey, Bertrand. "Contribution à la commande des entraînements asynchrones de forte puissance : application au problème de traction". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL154N.
Testo completoLebel, David. "Statistical inverse problem in nonlinear high-speed train dynamics". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2189/document.
Testo completoThe work presented here deals with the development of a health-state monitoring method for high-speed train suspensions using in-service measurements of the train dynamical response by embedded acceleration sensors. A rolling train is a dynamical system excited by the track-geometry irregularities. The suspension elements play a key role for the ride safety and comfort. The train dynamical response being dependent on the suspensions mechanical characteristics, information about the suspensions state can be inferred from acceleration measurements in the train by embedded sensors. This information about the actual suspensions state would allow for providing a more efficient train maintenance. Mathematically, the proposed monitoring solution consists in solving a statistical inverse problem. It is based on a train-dynamics computational model, and takes into account the model uncertainty and the measurement errors. A Bayesian calibration approach is adopted to identify the probability distribution of the mechanical parameters of the suspension elements from joint measurements of the system input (the track-geometry irregularities) and output (the train dynamical response).Classical Bayesian calibration implies the computation of the likelihood function using the stochastic model of the system output and experimental data. To cope with the fact that each run of the computational model is numerically expensive, and because of the functional nature of the system input and output, a novel Bayesian calibration method using a Gaussian-process surrogate model of the likelihood function is proposed. This thesis presents how such a random surrogate model can be used to estimate the probability distribution of the model parameters. The proposed method allows for taking into account the new type of uncertainty induced by the use of a surrogate model, which is necessary to correctly assess the calibration accuracy. The novel Bayesian calibration method has been tested on the railway application and has achieved conclusive results. Numerical experiments were used for validation. The long-term evolution of the suspension mechanical parameters has been studied using actual measurements of the train dynamical response
Milliet, De Faverges Marie. "Développement et implémentation de modèles apprenants pour l’exploitation des grandes gares". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CNAM1283.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with uncertainty and robustness in decision problems, with the case of the train platforming problem subject to delays. A two-part methodology is proposed to address this problem. First, delay records are used to build models predicting probability distributions conditionnaly to a set of explanatory variables. A methodology to validate and evaluate these predictions is proposed to ensure their reliability for decision-making. As the train platforming problem can be seen as a weighted clique problem, these predicted distributions are used in a second part to add weights on edges to penalize risk of conflict. Local search algorithms are used and experiments show a significant decrease in conflicts
Sellami, Bachir. "Afgar : un système à base de connaissance basé sur les objets pour l'Aide à la Fabrication des Grilles de service des Agents Roulants de la SNCF". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD556.
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