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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Problèmes ferroviaires"
MARINLAMELLET, C., G. PACHIAUDI, B. LEBRETONGADEGBEKU, V. MATHELIN, R. MARTINS, P. AYMOND, F. SINTUREL, F. BALLARD, M. DUGAY e V. MARSOT. "Besoins en information et problèmes d'utilisation des transports ferroviaires par les personnes déficientes visuelles". Recherche - Transports - Sécurité 70 (gennaio 2001): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8980(01)90224-9.
Testo completoSevrin, Robert. "Les régions frontalières franco-belges". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 18, n. 43 (12 aprile 2005): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021175ar.
Testo completoMarin-Lamellet, C. "Besoins en information et problèmes d'utilisation des transports ferroviaires par les personnes déficientes visuellesThe information needs and travel problems of visually disabled railway users". Recherche - Transports - Sécurité 70 (marzo 2001): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8980(01)80045-5.
Testo completoDourojeanni, Marc J., Alberto Barandiaran e Diego Dourojeanni. "Amazonie péruvienne en 2021 exploitation des ressources naturelles et infrastructures qu'est- ce qui se passe ? Qu'est- ce que cela signifie pour l'avenir ?" BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 305, n. 305 (1 settembre 2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2010.305.a20441.
Testo completoMaltais, Danielle. "Personnes âgées ayant des incapacités et désastres naturels : vulnérabilité des aînés et post-trauma". Développement Humain, Handicap et Changement Social 22, n. 1 (16 febbraio 2022): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1086385ar.
Testo completoGautier, Pierre-Etienne. "Problèmes actuels en mécanique dans le domaine ferroviaire : vers l’omniprésence du non-linéaire et du stochastique". Mécanique & Industries 11, n. 3-4 (maggio 2010): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2010060.
Testo completoBesserre, R., M. H. Hausermann e T. Cueto. "Accident ferroviaire en un lieu accessible uniquement par le train: étude de risque, prévision opérationnelle, problèmes spécifiques". Médecine de Catastrophe - urgences collectives 3, n. 1 (marzo 2000): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1279-8479(00)88830-8.
Testo completoMuller, M., Marc Papinutti e Christian Reynaud. "TGV spread effects analysis". Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 15-16 | 1987 (30 giugno 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.11847.
Testo completoMignot, Jean-Louis. "Connecting TGV Est and TGV Rhin-Rhône lines via the Haute-Saône département: an answer for opening up the region and solving saturation problems on North-South lines?" Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 48 | 2005 (30 novembre 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.12035.
Testo completoMusso, Antonio, e Agostino Cappelli. "A multipurpose analysis model for evaluating transport projects". Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 23 | 1991 (31 marzo 1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.11894.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Problèmes ferroviaires"
Delorme, Xavier. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes liés à l'exploitation d'infrastructures ferroviaires". Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bc3fe069-ea2a-4864-9968-8cc1fe7bd9f1.
Testo completoThe subject of this thesis is the planning of railroad infrastructures operation at a node or station scale. In order to determine an offer strategy, it is important to have some evaluation tools of the infrastructures capacity. This allows to evaluate the network limits, and to study the impact of some modifications. The main questions considered are, the feasibility of a timetable, its optimization according to criteria like the number of trains (saturation), and the stability evaluation. We propose a multiobjective linear model of this problem. The precision considered is accurate enough to obtain realizable timetables in practice on the studied infrastructures. Moreover, it presents two structures corresponding to classic optimization problems named shortest path and set packing. If the resolution of the first one is easy, the second one is known as NP-hard. We propose several pre-processing algorithms, and an approximation method based on the GRASP metaheuristic, for this problem. A first extension of this method in biobjective case is presented. The numerical experimentations on several instances, corresponding to Pierrefitte-Gonesse node or randomly generated, show the efficiency of these algorithms. The integration of these works in a complete software dedicated to the evaluation of railroad infrastructures capacity (RECIFE project, in collaboration with the french national railroad society) is described
Grange, Camille. "Design and application of quantum algorithms for railway optimisation problems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UMONS009.
Testo completoThis thesis is dedicated to the conception and application of quantum algorithms for railway combinatorial optimization problems. Today, the optimization problems that SNCF faces are complex, often prohibiting finding the optimal solution for industrial instances with classical methods within a reasonable amount of time. Quantum computing is expected to improve the quality of solutions and reduce the computation time for some of these problems. Quantum algorithms for optimization are divided into two classes: exact algorithms and heuristics. The former demonstrate theoretical advantages for several problems but cannot be implemented on current quantum machines because they require too high-quality quantum resources. On the contrary, the latter can be implemented, at least for small instances, but there are no performance guarantees or proven quantum advantages yet. In this thesis, we analyze and propose algorithms that belong to each of these two classes.On the one hand, we study the Variational Quantum Algorithms, which belong to the class of heuristics. These are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that alternate between a parametrized quantum circuit and a classical optimizer. They allow solving unconstrained problems with binary variables, and we propose a general method to reformulate constrained integer problems into such problems. We highlight some properties of Variational Quantum Algorithms necessary for potential theoretical guarantees. In particular, we study QAOA (Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm) in light of the previous properties, and we provide a universal decomposition of the quantum circuit for problems whose objective function is polynomial. We solve with this algorithm a railway timetabling problem of SNCF. It consists of finding the transportation plan maximizing the operating profit according to the customers' demand taking into account the availability and cost of both the network and the rolling stock. To solve it with QAOA, we propose two simplifications with different adaptations of the original problem.On the other hand, we design exact quantum-classical algorithms for two broad families of combinatorial problems. The first family relates to scheduling problems. We propose an algorithm that tackles a large class of NP-hard single-machine scheduling problems, which satisfy a specific dynamic programming property (Dynamic Programming Across the Subsets). Our algorithm, based on the seminal idea of Ambainis et al. (2019), combines classical dynamic programming and quantum search of the minimum in a table (generalization of Grover Search). It reduces the worst-case time complexity, sometimes at the cost of an additional pseudopolynomial factor. We extend this algorithm to the 3-machine flowshop problem, also leading to a reduction of the complexity. The second family concerns robust optimization problems where the uncertainty set is a polytope. We present an algorithm that, relying on the classical method that deals with these problems, replaces some computations with quantum subroutines to achieve a speedup. Specifically, we study the two following quantum subroutines: the search of the minimum in a table and the resolution of a linear system
Morin, Marie-Hélène. "Modélisation et décomposition des problèmes de transbordement dynamiques : application à la répartition des wagons Fret-SNCF". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343876.
Testo completoKeita, Kaba. "Décomposition de Benders pour la gestion opérationnelle du trafic ferroviaire". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0023/document.
Testo completoIn railway systems, during congested traffic situations, the infrastructure capacity is completely exploited for trains circulation. In these situations, when traffic is perturbed some trains must be stopped or slowed down for ensuring safety, and delays occur. The real-time Railway Traffic Management Problem (rtRTMP) is the problem of modifying trains route and schedule to limit delay propagation. In this thesis, we propose a Benders decomposition of a MILP-based algorithm for this problem, named RECIFE-MILP. After observing that the standard Benders decomposition (BD) does not allow the effective solution of rtRTMP instances, we study three possible approaches to improve the performance. Specifically, we first propose a modification of the problem reformulation which is typical of BD, obtaining what we call reduced BD. Then, we introduce some inequalities to the Benders master problem. Finally, we split the solution process in three steps rather than two as in the standard BD. As we show in a thorough experimental analysis, the combination of the first and last approaches outperforms the original RECIFE-MILP algorithm when tackling large instances with some specific features
Brethomé, Lucile. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un plan de transport ferroviaire en zone dense du point de vue des voyageurs". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0014.
Testo completoThe design of a railway transportation plan is a process achieved between two years and six months before it is put into service. The main phases in the design of a transportation plan are the line planning, the timetabling, the rolling stock and the crew scheduling.The design of the transportation plan can have many consequences on the quality of service: an inadequate frequency in station can cause a loss of passengers, sufficient number of seated places, robustness of the timetable in the face of small incidents... In dense area, as in the Ile-de-France region, all these elements must be taken into account as the transportation plan is designed.Today, SNCF Transilien designs its transportation plans by first taking into account the optimization of production resources (train paths, rolling stock units and drivers). However, today, the increase in resources implemented no longer improves the adequacy of the transportation plan to passengers’ demand. This design method no longer makes it possible to cope with the increase in the demand for mobility (+3% each year since 2000). This is why we must rethink the design of the transport plan by immediately integrating the passenger dimension. Our work focuses on issues of line planning and timetabling in a passenger-oriented approach. First, we present a multi-objective model for line planning. Then, we present a model of timetabling incorporating passenger route choice. Then, we initiate a method to integrate these two models. Finally, we present an evaluation of our results thanks to reliability indicators from the literature and a macroscopic simulation of the timetables
Acuña-Agost, Rodrigo. "Mathematical modeling and methods for rescheduling trains under disrupted operations". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453640.
Testo completoArenas, Pimentel Luis Diego. "Contributions d'un modèle microscopique à la résolution du problème de construction d'une grille horaire et à la planification des activités de maintenance de l'infrastructure ferroviaire". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0034/document.
Testo completoMost railway systems experience a growing demand of railway capacity. To face this demand, either new infrastructure must be built or a more efficient exploitation of the existing one must be attained. Timetables play a determinant role in the efficient capacity exploitation. Most timetabling approaches in the literature are based on macroscopic representations of the infrastructure. This may lead to inefficient and in some cases, impractical solutions. Instead, microscopic approaches are based on more realistic modelling of the elements of the railway system. This guarantees the feasibility of the timetables while promoting an efficient capacity exploitation. However, due to their complexity, the scope of microscopic approaches is typically restricted to main stations. Despite the optimization of timetables, the performance of infrastructure maintenance may severely impact the trains' circulations in the network. Therefore, the timetable may have to be rearranged to ensure an efficient capacity exploitation. We present two main contributions in this thesis: first, a microscopic approach for timetable design. Second, a microscopic approach for timetable rearrangement to cope with maintenance. This is the first microscopic approach in the literature to tackle this problem while also considering specific aspects as temporary speed limitations. After a thorough experimental analysis, we demonstrate the validity of our approaches and their practical applicability in real life scenarios. In particular, we show that microscopic approaches can be used to tackle large areas of the infrastructure, including several stations
Cotte, Benjamin. "Propagation acoustique en milieu extérieur complexe: problèmes spécifiques au ferroviaire dans le contexte des trains à grande vitesse". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660494.
Testo completoCotté, Benjamin. "Propagation acoustique en milieu extérieur complexe : Problèmes spécifiques au ferroviaire dans le contexte des trains à grande vitesse". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0019.
Testo completoOutdoor sound propagation involves complex physical phenomena, mainly associated with temperature and wind variations in the atmospheric boundary layer and with boundary conditions (influence of the ground impedance, terrain effects,. . . ). Furthermore, in the context of high speed trains (TGV), noise sources are in motion at a relatively high speed, cannot be considered as compact, and are of different types (rolling noise, aerodynamic noise,. . . ). This work aims at modeling TGV noise propagation outdoors and at understanding the physical phenomena associated with this type of propagation. In a first part, acoustic scattering by turbulent fluctuations of temperature and wind is considered in the presence of a refractive shadow zone. The scattering effect of a given turbulence scale depends on acoustic frequency and propagation geometry. This coupling between turbulent structures, acoustic frequency and geometry is studied using tools from the theory of wave propagation in random media and parabolic equation simulations, in order to estimate the smallest and largest turbulence scales to be taken into account in a given configuration. In a second part, a solver of the linearized Euler equations is described which uses finite-difference time-domain methods. The use of optimized numerical schemes enables to apply this propagation model to long range sound propagation configurations. One of the main difficulties encountered with timedomain propagation models is to take into account the reflection of acoustic waves by an impedance ground. Time-domain impedance boundary conditions that are efficient from a numerical point of view are proposed for impedance models commonly used in outdoor sound propagation studies. To obtain these boundary conditions, the impedance is approximated by well chosen template functions, which enables the use of the recursive convolution method. They are validated in two- and three-dimensional propagation geometries, considering a homogeneous atmosphere and then a stratified atmosphere. Finally, specific applications to TGV noise are presented in a third part. First, a TGV noise propagation model is described where the train is represented by a set of equivalent point sources. Model results are compared to measurements performed at different distances from the track assuming homogeneous propagation conditions. The equivalent sources model is also coupled to a parabolic equation code in order to take into account the influence of a vertical profile of temperature or wind. Second, the characteristics of a “rumbling” noise that can be heard tens of second before or after some TGV pass-bys are analyzed. In some circumstances, it is indeed possible to hear a relatively low-frequency noise perceived as an aircraft pass-by, which is referred to as “rumbling” noise. The analysis is mainly based on experimental results and enables to determine the characteristics of this “rumbling” noise and the circumstances in which it occurs. Parabolic equation simulations are also performed to show the importance of the wind in the appearance of this phenomenon
Thiard, Florence. "Ordonnancement de ressources de transports : flow-shops robotisés circulaires et un problème pratique de gestion ferroviaire". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM070/document.
Testo completoThe first part of this work deals with cyclic production for throughput optimization in robotic flow-shops, where a robot is in charge of the material handling of parts. Robotic cells may have a linear or a circular layout. Most theoretical results for the linear layout do not hold for the circular layout. In particular, the problem of finding the best one part production cycle (1-cycle), which is a polynomial problem for linear additive cells, has been proved NP-hard for the corresponding circular configuration.We mainly focus on a special case of circular balanced cells, where the processing times are identical for all machines. After presenting tools for cyclic analysis in circular cells, we study necessary properties of efficient 1-cycles. These results allow to conclude on the best one part production cycle for any parameters in circular balanced cells up to 8 machines. However, we provide a counter-example to the classical 1-cycle conjecture, still open for this configuration.Then, we study the structure of efficient one part production cycles in arbitrarily large circular balanced cells. We introduce and study a new family of cycles based on this structure, and formulate a conjecture on its dominance over one part-production cycles, which would lead to a polynomial algorithm for finding the best 1-cycle for circular balanced cells. This structure allows to settle the best one part production cycle for cells with up to 11 machines.In a second part, we present work on an industrial problem of railway stock scheduling proposed by the French railway company in the context of the ROADEF/EURO competition. We propose a greedy algorithm for this problem combining the various aspects of trains handling inside a station