Articoli di riviste: "Prevalence"

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Ott, William, e James A. Yorke. "Prevalence". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 42, n. 03 (30 marzo 2005): 263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0273-0979-05-01060-8.

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Rees, John. "Prevalence". BMJ 331, n. 7514 (18 agosto 2005): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7514.443.

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&NA;. "PREVALENCE". Nursing 19, n. 4 (aprile 1989): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198904000-00015.

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Stromberg, U. "Prevalence odds ratio v prevalence ratio." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 51, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1994): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.51.2.143.

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Kirk, Sara FL, e Melanie McLeod. "The prevalences of overweight and obesity in children aged 4 to 12 years in Gibraltar". Public Health Nutrition 6, n. 4 (giugno 2003): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002440.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalences of overweight and obesity in children aged 4 to 12 years, using the standard definitions proposed by the International Obesity Taskforce.Design:Population prevalence cross-sectional survey involving measurement of height and weight. Data collection took place in 1998.Setting:Schools in Gibraltar.Subjects:In total 2994 children, aged 4–12 years, attending these schools (1540 boys, 1454 girls).Results:Prevalence of overweight in boys was 19.7%, while obesity prevalence was 10.8%. For the girls, overweight prevalence was 21.4%, while obesity prevalence was 10.6%. There were no significant differences in the proportions of overweight or obesity between boys and girls.Conclusions:This was the first time that the prevalences of overweight and obesity have been estimated in children from Gibraltar. These data provide further information on prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, using defined cut-offs for comparison with data from other countries.

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DOLGOPYAT, DMITRY. "Prevalence of rapid mixing—II: topological prevalence". Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 20, n. 4 (agosto 2000): 1045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700000572.

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We continue the study of mixing properties of generic hyperbolic flows started in an earlier paper (D. Dolgopyat. Prevalence of rapid mixing in hyperbolic flows. Erg. Th.& Dyn. Sys.18 (1998), 1097–1114). Our main result is that generic suspension flow over subshifts of finite type is exponentially mixing. This is a quantitative version of an earlier result of Parry and Pollicott (W. Parry and M. Pollicott. Stability of mixing for toral extensions of hyperbolic systems. Proc. Steklov Inst.216 (1997), 354–363).

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Mesnard, Alice, e Paul Seabright. "MIGRATION AND THE EQUILIBRIUM PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES". Journal of Demographic Economics 82, n. 1 (29 febbraio 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2015.12.

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Abstract:This paper models how migration both influences and responds to differences in disease prevalence between cities and shows how the possibility of migration away from high-prevalence areas affects long-run steady state disease prevalence. We develop a dynamic framework where migration responds to the prevalence of disease, to the costs of migration and to the costs of living. The model explores how pressure for migration in response to differing equilibrium levels of disease prevalence generates differences in city characteristics such as land rents. Competition for scarce housing in low-prevalence areas can create segregation, with disease concentrated in high-prevalence “sinks”. We show that policies affecting migration costs affect the steady-state disease prevalences across cities. In particular, migration can reduce steady-state disease incidence in low-prevalence areas while having no impact on prevalence in high-prevalence areas. This suggests that, in some circumstances, public health measures may need to avoid discouraging migration away from high-disease areas.

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Ngwira, Alfred, Francisco Chamera e Matrina Mpeketula Soko. "Estimating the national and regional prevalence of drinking or eating more than usual during childhood diarrhea in Malawi using the bivariate sample selection copula regression". PeerJ 9 (1 marzo 2021): e10917. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10917.

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Background Estimation of prevalence of feeding practices during diarrhea using conventional imputation methods may be biased as these methods apply to observed factors and in this study, feeding practice status was unobserved for those without diarrhea. The study aimed at re-estimating the prevalence of feeding practices using the bivariate sample selection model. Methods The study used 2015–2016 Malawi demographic health survey (MDHS) data which had 16,246 children records who had diarrhea or not. A bivariate Joe copula regression model with 90 degrees rotation was fitted to either drinking or eating more, with diarrhea as a sample selection outcome in the bivariate models. The prevalence of drinking more than usual and prevalence of eating more than usual were then estimated based on the fitted bivariate model. These prevalences were then compared to the prevalences estimated using the conventional imputation method. Results There was a substantial increase in the re-estimated national prevalence of drinking more fluids (40.0%, 95% CI [31.7–50.5]) or prevalence of eating more food (20.46%, 95% CI [9.87–38.55]) using the bivariate model as compared to the prevalences estimated by the conventional imputation method, that is, (28.9%, 95% CI [27.0–30.7]) and (13.1%, 95% CI [12.0–15.0]) respectively. The maps of the regional prevalences showed similar results where the prevalences estimated by the bivariate model were relatively higher than those estimated by the standard imputation method. The presence of diarrhea was somehow weakly negatively correlated with either drinking more fluids or eating more food. Conclusion The estimation of prevalence of drinking more fluids or eating more food during diarrhea should use bivariate modelling to model sample selection variable so as to minimize bias. The observed negative correlation between diarrhea presence and feeding practices implies that mothers should be encouraged to let their children drink more fluids or eat more food during diarrhea episode to avoid dehydration and malnutrition.

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MEIJS, A. P., J. A. FERREIRA, S. C. DE GREEFF, M. C. VOS e M. B. G. KOEK. "Incidence of surgical site infections cannot be derived reliably from point prevalence survey data in Dutch hospitals". Epidemiology and Infection 145, n. 5 (9 gennaio 2017): 970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816003162.

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SUMMARYThorough studies on whether point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be used to reliably estimate incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) are scarce. We examined this topic using surveillance data of 58 hospitals that participated in two Dutch national surveillances; HAI prevalence and SSI incidence surveillance, respectively. First, we simulated daily prevalences of SSIs from incidence data. Subsequently, Rhame & Sudderth's formula was used to estimate SSI incidence from prevalence. Finally, we developed random-effects models to predict SSI incidence from prevalence and other relevant variables. The prevalences simulated from incidence data indicated that daily prevalence varied greatly. Incidences calculated with Rhame & Sudderth's formula often had values below zero, due to the large number of SSIs occurring post-discharge. Excluding these SSIs, still resulted in poor correlation between calculated and observed incidence. The two models best predicting total incidence and incidence during initial hospital stay both performed poorly (proportion of explained variance of 0·25 and 0·10, respectively). In conclusion, incidence of SSIs cannot be reliably estimated from point prevalence data in Dutch hospitals by any of the applied methods. We therefore conclude that prevalence surveys are not a useful measure to give reliable insight into incidence of SSIs.

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Yuan, Xuelian, Jun Zhu, Hanmin Liu, Liangcheng Xiang, Yongna Yao, Qi Li, Kui Deng e Xiaohong Li. "Birth prevalence of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in China: data from the national newborn screening program, 2013–2019". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 34, n. 7 (12 aprile 2021): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0077.

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Abstract Background Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D), a less common form of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), can lead to severe developmental retardation if untreated. Little has been reported on the prevalence of BH4D among live births worldwide. This study examined its prevalence across China and between geographical areas within the country. Methods We analyzed data from the Chinese national screening program for HPA in newborns between 2013 and 2019. BH4D prevalence was examined by province, region and the entire country. Provincial-level prevalence was estimated from the number of confirmed BH4D cases and screened newborns, after adjusting for HPA-positive recall rate. Regional- and national-level prevalences were estimated by summing provincial-level prevalences after weighting them by the number of live births. A Poisson distribution was assumed in order to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalence. Results Among 107,078,115 newborns screened for HPA in China, 380 with BH4D were identified, corresponding to a total prevalence of 3.8 per 1,000,000 live births. Prevalence was higher in eastern regions (5.9 per 1,000,000) and northern regions (4.1 per 1,000,000) of China than in southern regions (1.6 per 1,000,000) or northwestern regions (1.7 per 1,000,000). Across the entire country, 3.9% cases of HPA were diagnosed as BH4D, and this proportion reached as high as 15.1% in the southern part of the country. Conclusions These first insights into BH4D prevalence across China suggest slightly higher prevalence than in other countries, and it varies substantially by region. More attention should be paid to early diagnosis and timely treatment of BH4D.

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Nix, Maria. "Asthma Prevalence". AJN, American Journal of Nursing 115, n. 4 (aprile 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000463014.83185.94.

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Varghese, S. T. "Dementia prevalence". British Journal of Psychiatry 186, n. 6 (giugno 2005): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.6.542.

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A., G. P., e F. E. Leon-S. "Migraine prevalence". Neurology 45, n. 5 (1 maggio 1995): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.5.1030.

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Mayers, Lester. "Asthma Prevalence". Physician and Sportsmedicine 31, n. 4 (aprile 2003): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2003.11440571.

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Patten, Scott B. "Prevalence Inflation". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 57, n. 11 (novembre 2012): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674371205701101.

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Robins, Diana L. "Prevalence Counts". Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 37, n. 1 (gennaio 2016): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000245.

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Pérez-Zepeda, M. U., L. M. Gutiérrez-Robledo e V. E. Arango-Lopera. "Sarcopenia prevalence". Osteoporosis International 24, n. 3 (1 agosto 2012): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2091-x.

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Horsch, Karla, Maryellen L. Giger e Charles E. Metz. "Prevalence Scaling". Academic Radiology 15, n. 11 (novembre 2008): 1446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2008.04.022.

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Lee, J., e K. S. Chia. "Prevalence odds ratio v prevalence ratio--a response." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, n. 11 (1 novembre 1995): 781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.11.781-a.

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Laniado-Laborin, Rafael, Adrian Rendon e Otto Bauerle. "HIGH COPD PREVALENCE IN MEXICO: A PREVALENCE STUDY". Chest 136, n. 4 (ottobre 2009): 90S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.136.4_meetingabstracts.90s.

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Štefanèíková, A., B. Chovancová, P. Dubinský, O. Tomašovièová, J. Èorba, A. Königová, I. Hovorka e Z. Vasilková. "Lung nematodes of chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica, from the Tatra National Park, Slovakia". Journal of Helminthology 73, n. 3 (marzo 1999): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x99000414.

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A larvoscopic examination of faeces collected from localities inhabited by chamois in the Tatra National Park (TANAP) in 1997 demonstrated the presence of the lung nematodes Muellerius spp. (likely to be M. tenuispiculatus and M. capillaris) and Neostrongylus linearis. The overall prevalence of lung nematodes in chamois herds in TANAP was 48.4% with prevalences of 45.6% and 11.9% for Muellerius spp. and N. linearis, respectively. No significant differences in lung nematode prevalences were observed in the biotopes of TANAP with prevalence values of 44.9% being recorded in the High Tatras and 58.5% in the Belianske Tatras. Individual species were in equal proportion in both biotopes, although N. linearis was significantly less prevalent (11.2–13.8%). The prevalence of lung nematodes in the High Tatras varied from 25.0 to 84.2% within individual localities, while in the Belianske Tatras it was more proportionate (50.0–85.7%). In the High Tatras, the prevalence of lung nematodes in the chamois herds peaked during August, declining to its lowest in October. A similar prevalence was also recorded for Muellerius species, while the minimum prevalence of N. linearis was found in July. In the Belianske Tatras, the prevalence of lung nematodes including both species of Muellerius peaked in July and gradually decreased until October. On the other hand, N. linearis was most prevalent in October. The mean L1 count per gram faeces was low (7.6 ± 13.2 larvae g-1).

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Štefanèíková, A., B. Chovancová, P. Dubinský, O. Tomašovièová, J. Èorba, A. Königová, I. Hovorka e Z. Vasilková. "Lung nematodes of chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica, from the Tatra National Park, Slovakia". Journal of Helminthology 73, n. 3 (marzo 1999): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00700538.

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A larvoscopic examination of faeces collected from localities inhabited by chamois in the Tatra National Park (TANAP) in 1997 demonstrated the presence of the lung nematodes Muellerius spp. (likely to be M. tenuispiculatus and M. capillaris) and Neostrongylus linearis. The overall prevalence of lung nematodes in chamois herds in TANAP was 48.4% with prevalences of 45.6% and 11.9% for Muellerius spp. and N. linearis, respectively. No significant differences in lung nematode prevalences were observed in the biotopes of TANAP with prevalence values of 44.9% being recorded in the High Tatras and 58.5% in the Belianske Tatras. Individual species were in equal proportion in both biotopes, although N. linearis was significantly less prevalent (11.2–13.8%). The prevalence of lung nematodes in the High Tatras varied from 25.0 to 84.2% within individual localities, while in the Belianske Tatras it was more proportionate (50.0–85.7%). In the High Tatras, the prevalence of lung nematodes in the chamois herds peaked during August, declining to its lowest in October. A similar prevalence was also recorded for Muellerius species, while the minimum prevalence of N. linearis was found in July. In the Belianske Tatras, the prevalence of lung nematodes including both species of Muellerius peaked in July and gradually decreased until October. On the other hand, N. linearis was most prevalent in October. The mean L1 count per gram faeces was low (7.6 ± 13.2 larvae g-1).

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Namazi Mohammad, Javad. "Study of prevalence intestinal parasites and possiblity factorson ??? prevalences in ??? Towonship, ???" Parasitology International 47 (agosto 1998): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80941-0.

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Molla-Esparza, Cristian, Josep-Maria Losilla e Emelina López-González. "Prevalence of sending, receiving and forwarding sexts among youths: A three-level meta-analysis". PLOS ONE 15, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2020): e0243653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243653.

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By systematic review with a three-level, mixed-effects meta-analysis, this paper examines the prevalence of sexting experiences among youths aimed at analyzing conceptual and methodological moderators that might explain its heterogeneity. A search was conducted of five bibliographic databases and grey literature up until February 2020. The risk of bias in primary studies was assessed. A total of seventy-nine articles met the set inclusion criteria. Mean prevalences for sending, receiving and forwarding sexts were .14 (95% CI: .12, .17), .31 (95% CI: .26, .36) and .07 (95% CI: .05, .09), respectively, expressed as fractions over one. Moderator analyses showed that all sexting experiences increased with age (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexts at the age of 12 was .04, whereas, at the age of 16, it was .21) and year of data collection (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexts in studies collecting data in 2009 was .07, whereas, in studies collecting data in 2018, it was .33). Subgroup analysis revealed that studies with probabilistic samples led to significantly lower mean prevalences for the sexting experiences of sending (.08, 95% CI: .06, .11), receiving (.19, 95% CI: .15, .24) and forwarding sexts (.04, 95% CI: .03, .07). Self-reported administration procedures also led to more homogeneous prevalence estimates than interviews. Prevalence estimates also varied according to the type of media content (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexual text messages was .22, whereas, for sending sexual images or videos, it was .12). Overall, our meta-analysis results suggest high and increasing prevalences of sending and receiving sexts among youths.

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Doggen, C. J. M., A. Zivelin, V. R. Arruda, M. Aiach, D. S. Siscovick, A. Hillarp, H. H. Watzke et al. "Geographic Distribution of the 20210 G to A Prothrombin Variant". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 79, n. 04 (1998): 706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615049.

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SummaryA variant in prothrombin (clotting factor II), a G to A transition at nucleotide position 20210, has recently been shown to be associated with the prothrombin plasma levels and the risk of both venous and arterial thrombosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of carriership of this mutation in various populations.We combined data from 11 centres in nine countries, where tests for this mutation had been performed in groups representing the general population. We calculated an overall prevalence estimate, by a precision-weighted method, and, since the distribution of the prevalences did not appear homogeneous, by an unweighted average of the prevalences. We examined differences in the prevalences by geographical location and ethnic background as a possible explanation for the heterogeneity.Among a total of 5527 individuals who had been tested, 111 heterozygous carriers of the 20210A mutation were found. The prevalence estimates varied from 0.7 to 4.0 between the centres. The overall prevalence estimate was 2.0 percent (CI95 1.4-2.6%). The variation around the summary estimate appeared more than was expected by chance alone, and this heterogeneity could be explained by geographic differences. In southern Europe, the prevalence was 3.0 percent (CI95 2.3 to 3.7%), nearly twice as high as the prevalence in northern Europe (1.7%, CI95 1.3 to 2.2%). The prothrombin variant appeared very rare in individuals from Asian and African descent.The 20210A prothrombin variant is a common abnormality, with a prevalence of carriership between one and four percent. It is more common in southern than in northern Europe. Since this distribution within Europe is very different to that of another prothrombotic mutation (factor V Leiden or factor V R506Q), founder effects are the most likely explanation for the geographical distribution of both mutations.

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Hanberry, B. B., e H. S. He. "Prevalence, statistical thresholds, and accuracy assessment for species distribution models". Web Ecology 13, n. 1 (13 maggio 2013): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-13-13-2013.

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Abstract. For species distribution models, species frequency is termed prevalence and prevalence in samples should be similar to natural species prevalence, for unbiased samples. However, modelers commonly adjust sampling prevalence, producing a modeling prevalence that has a different frequency of occurrences than sampling prevalence. The separate effects of (1) use of sampling prevalence compared to adjusted modeling prevalence and (2) modifications necessary in thresholds, which convert continuous probabilities to discrete presence or absence predictions, to account for prevalence, are unresolved issues. We examined effects of prevalence and thresholds and two types of pseudoabsences on model accuracy. Use of sampling prevalence produced similar models compared to use of adjusted modeling prevalences. Mean correlation between predicted probabilities of the least (0.33) and greatest modeling prevalence (0.83) was 0.86. Mean predicted probability values increased with increasing prevalence; therefore, unlike constant thresholds, varying threshold to match prevalence values was effective in holding true positive rate, true negative rate, and species prediction areas relatively constant for every modeling prevalence. The area under the curve (AUC) values appeared to be as informative as sensitivity and specificity, when using surveyed pseudoabsences as absent cases, but when the entire study area was coded, AUC values reflected the area of predicted presence as absent. Less frequent species had greater AUC values when pseudoabsences represented the study background. Modeling prevalence had a mild impact on species distribution models and accuracy assessment metrics when threshold varied with prevalence. Misinterpretation of AUC values is possible when AUC values are based on background absences, which correlate with frequency of species.

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Maheswari, K., e Samundeeswari A. "Prevalence of preschooler behavioural problems". Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 5, n. 4 (ottobre 2018): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2018.5.4.20.

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W, Elkhateeb. "Longevity Prevalence Regarding Covid-19". Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 7, n. 2 (6 aprile 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000225.

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From the time when December 2019, humanity has been in front of a corona virus pandemic caused by seafood demand from Wuhan, China. The disease was given the name neonatal corona virus (n-CoV), with bats were identified as the solution's pool. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ailment quickly spread throughout China and the rest of the globe, eventually becoming a pandemic through a growing figure of cases with a elevated death speed. After preventing the virus from spreading, China reacted with lockdowns and subsequently stringent control measures. The use of need over specific immunizations previously impeded treatment for the most severe patients. Vaccine development or manufacture is a time-consuming procedure that can only be carried out with worldwide cooperation. In terms of antiviral and antibiotic medications, many supporting treatment options arose to the proper surface in imitation fixtures. An increased death rate was verified in mature, gentleman, and resistance-covered up patients among co-morbidities. A quick recovery can be aided by health literacy, a strong immune system, enough blood fractions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D, and a healthy lifestyle. According to the booth, the antibiotic blockage demands were met by enhancing the current technology antimicrobials rather than educating nosocomial infections for outlook occurrences. Plant-biosynthesis on nanoparticles with antiseptics can also aid in the fight against resistance and lift rate.COVID-19 prevalence may be negatively associated to BCG vaccination, humidity, malaria endemicity and later dead heat, but not immediately with latitude. Recommendations are closely adhered to in order to cover the COVID-19 coverage area.

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Padmasri Devi, P., M. Mahalakshmi, V. Sarojini Devi, M. Kiran Deedi, Ch Ganapathi Swamy e V. Thoyoja Durga. "Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus". Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, n. 2 (2019): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.7219.31.

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Almutairi, Emad Ayidh, Naif Mufleh Alshahrani, Monahi Nasser Alyami, Manal Fnaitel Alanazi, Salwa Fnaitel Alanazi, Mohammad Saeed Abdulrahman Alamri, Abdulmohsen Obaysan Alotaibi, Ohoud Abdulrahman Al-Luhaidan e Asama Mathkar Alqahtani. "Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk". International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, n. 12 (9 dicembre 2022): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i12-03.

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At the worldwide level, heart disease is the leading cause of death. The primary goals of this study were to look into cardiac risk variables in datasets available on Kaggle. The data included 303 people, 138 of whom had cardiac disease and 165 of whom did not. Age, gender, chest pain, resting blood pressure, cholesterol level, fast blood sugar, electrocardiogram at rest, maximum heart rate during the stress test, angina during exercise, old peak, slope of the ST segment, result of the blood flow observed with radioactive dye, and number of main blood vessels colored by the radioactive dye were all included in the dataset. Descriptive analysis includes means and standard deviations for non-classified variables, as well as frequencies and percentages for categorized variables. The independent T test was used to assess the associations between variables. If 0.05, significance was considered. Except for cholesterol and rapid blood sugar, all of the variables listed above were found to be strongly linked with heart disease. When rapid blood sugar and cholesterol readings are combined, they should be evaluated with caution due to their participation as risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

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Mittal, Harsh. "Prevalence of Cryptocurrency in India". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, n. 8 (5 agosto 2022): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22815095820.

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Sloka, J. S., W. E. M. Pryse-Phillips e M. Stefanelli. "Multiple Sclerosis in Newfoundland and Labrador - A Model for Disease Prevalence". Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 32, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100016863.

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Background:Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, have been almost exclusively populated by immigrants from southwest England and southeast Ireland. The province’s population grew largely by natural increase from 20,000 people in 1835 to half a million at present. Very little interregional migration occurred within the province. This uniquely-populated region and its subsequent founder effect provide the basis to develop models of disease prevalence.Objectives:To develop a model for the regional prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS), accounting for settlement patterns and geographic location (latitude).Methods:All living MS patients with confirmed addresses (438 patients) in the province were mailed a survey requesting their place of birth. Regional prevalences were calculated from a 75% rate of return of the survey. Theoretical regional prevalences were proportionally calculated from the source prevalences of southwest England, southeast Ireland, Scotland and the Channel Islands based on settlement patterns. These theoretical regional prevalences were corrected for geographical variations of latitude based on observations in the United Kingdom. Theoretical and actual regional prevalences were compared.Results:When actual regional prevalences were compared with theoretical prevalences, very little variation was noted, especially after correcting for variation in latitude.Conclusion:A regional variation in MS prevalence is noted in the island portion of Newfoundland and Labrador. This regional variation can be modeled by using both migration patterns and latitudinal position. This model demonstrates that the prevalence of MS is influenced by both genetic and environmental contributions.

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Bensenor, Isabela M., Alessandra C. Goulart, Célia Landmann Szwarcwald, Maria Lucia França Pontes Vieira, Deborah Carvalho Malta e Paulo A. Lotufo. "Prevalence of stroke and associated disability in Brazil: National Health Survey - 2013". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 73, n. 9 (settembre 2015): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20150115.

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There is scarce data about prevalence of stroke in Brazil. The National Health Survey (PNS) is a community-based epidemiological survey, with a nationally representative sample to assess the absolute numbers with respective prevalence rates of stroke and post-stroke disabilities. It was estimated 2,231.000 stroke and 568,000 stroke cases with severe disabilities. The point prevalences was 1.6% and 1.4% in men and women, respectively. The prevalences of post-stroke disabilities were 29.5% for men and 21.5% for women. Stroke prevalence rates increased with aging, low education level, among people living in urban areas with no difference according to self-reported skin color. The degree of post-stroke disability was not statistically different according to sex, race, education level or living area. This new data from PNS show high stroke prevalence rates especially in older individuals without formal education and urban dweller, but the degree of stroke disability was not determined by the sociodemographic characteristics of the Brazilian population.

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Qiao, Qing, Jing Lin, Ning Chen, Shijun Xia, Jing Du, Xin Du, Rong Bai, Jianzeng Dong e Changsheng Ma. "Bundle branch block and nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay prevalence using Chinese nationwide survey data". Journal of International Medical Research 50, n. 8 (agosto 2022): 030006052211196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221119666.

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Objective We aimed to determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with intraventricular conduction disturbance in the Chinese population. Methods Electrocardiographic data from 42,031 people were retrospectively analysed. The weighted prevalences of left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), bifascicular block and nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (NS-IVCD) were calculated. The independently associated factors were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results The weighted prevalence for Chinese people older than 45 years was 0.17% for LBBB, 2.16% for RBBB and 0.44% for NS-IVCD. The weighted prevalence for RBBB combined with left anterior fascicular block was 0.17%, and 0.05% for RBBB combined with left posterior fascicular block. There were significant differences in the weighted prevalences of RBBB and NS-IVCD between men and women. The weighted prevalence of LBBB and RBBB increased markedly with increasing age. Age and diabetes were independent factors associated with LBBB, compared with age and sex for RBBB and sex and coronary artery disease for NS-IVCD. Conclusions This study provided reliable data for the weighted prevalence of and factors associated with LBBB, RBBB and NS-IVCD in Chinese adults.

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Kenyon, Chris Richard, Kara Osbak e Jozefien Buyze. "The Prevalence of HIV by Ethnic Group Is Correlated with HSV-2 and Syphilis Prevalence in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States". Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/284317.

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Background. This paper investigates two issues: do ethnic/racial groups with high HIV prevalences also have higher prevalences of other STIs? and is HIV prevalence by ethnic group correlated with the prevalence of circumcision, concurrency, or having more than one partner in the preceding year?Methods. We used Spearman’s correlation to estimate the association between the prevalence of HIV per ethnic/racial group and HSV-2, syphilis, symptoms of an STI, having more than one partner in the past year, concurrency, and circumcision in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States.Results. We found that in each country HSV-2, syphilis, and symptomatic STIs were positively correlated with HIV prevalence (HSV-2: Kenya rho = 0.50,P= 0.207; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; USA rho-1,P= 0.000, Syphilis: Kenya rho = 0.33,P= 0.420; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; USA rho-1,P= 0.000, and STI symptoms: Kenya rho = 0.92,P= 0.001; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK rho = 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000). The prevalence of circumcision was only negatively associated with HIV prevalence in Kenya. Both having more than one partner in the previous year and concurrency were positively associated with HIV prevalence in all countries (concurrency: Kenya rho = 0.79,P= 0.036; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000 and multiple partners: Kenya rho = 0.82,P= 0.023; South Africa rho-1,P= 0.000; UK rho = 0.87,P= 0.058; USA rho-1,P= 0.000). Not all associations were statistically significant.Conclusion. Further attention needs to be directed to what determines higher rates of partner change and concurrency in communities with high STI prevalence.

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Kato, Mototsugu, Yoshio Yamaoka, Jae J. Kim, Rita Reddy, Masahiro Asaka, Kei Kashima, Michael S. Osato, Fouad A. K. El-Zaatari, David Y. Graham e Dong H. Kwon. "Regional Differences in Metronidazole Resistance and Increasing Clarithromycin Resistance among Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Japan". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, n. 8 (1 agosto 2000): 2214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.8.2214-2216.2000.

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ABSTRACT The patterns of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori were assessed in two different regions in Japan. Overall, prevalences of resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin were 12.4 and 12.9%, respectively. While there was no difference in clarithromycin resistance, the prevalence of metronidazole resistance was significantly higher in Kyoto (23.8%) than in Sapporo (8.1%). From 1996 to 1999, the prevalence of metronidazole resistance did not change but the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance doubled (from 9.1 to 18.7%).

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Qazi, Mumtaz, e Priyanka Singh. "Astigmatism among schoolchildren in Mumbai, India: a large, population-based study". Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry 5, n. 2 (1 settembre 2024): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry198.

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Background: Astigmatism is a common refractive error. If left untreated, it may result in blurred or distorted vision. We determined the prevalence of astigmatism in schoolchildren aged 6–16 years in Mumbai, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified cluster random sampling method. We included primary and secondary schoolchildren aged 6–16 years. All children underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Astigmatism was characterized as having a diopter cylinder (DC) power of 0.50 or more in at least one eye, and for prevalence estimation, we reported the number of children with astigmatism. Astigmatism severity was defined as mild (less than or equal to - 1.50 DC), moderate (- 1.50 DC to - 2.50 DC), and severe (> - 2.50 DC). Based on the axis orientation, astigmatism was categorized as with-the-rule, against-the-rule, and oblique. Results: A total of 3151 schoolchildren with a mean (standard deviation) age of 12.1 (2.9) years were screened; boys and girls accounted for 49.22% and 50.78%, respectively. Age groups of 6–9, 10–13, and 14–16 years accounted for 51.35%, 28.53%, and 20.12%, respectively. The overall prevalence of astigmatism was 11.46%, with no significant difference between sexes (P > 0.05). The prevalences of astigmatism in the groups aged 6–9-, 10–13-, and 14–16 years were 5.24%, 3.49%, and 2.73%, respectively. Prevalence differed significantly among age groups (P < 0.05), with a trend of decreasing prevalence with increasing age. No significant association was found between age and severity of astigmatism (P > 0.05). The prevalences of mild, moderate, and severe astigmatism were 6.51%, 3.11%, and 1.84%, respectively. Mild astigmatism was significantly more prevalent than moderate (P < 0.05) or severe astigmatism (P < 0.05). The prevalence of astigmatism differed significantly among the three orientations of axis (P < 0.001). The prevalences were 9.20%, 1.68%, and 0.57% for with-the-rule, against-the-rule, and oblique astigmatism, respectively. We found a statistically significant difference in the prevalences of astigmatism based on the axis orientation between boys and girls (P < 0.05) and between age groups (P < 0.001), with a decreasing trend observed with increasing age. Conclusions: We found a prevalence of 11.46% for astigmatism among schoolchildren aged 6–16 years in Mumbai, India. There was a decreasing trend in prevalence with increasing age, with no difference between sexes. The prevalence was the highest for mild astigmatism, followed by moderate and severe astigmatism. Prevalence differed significantly based on the axis orientation among the three subtypes, age groups, and between the two sexes, with a decreasing trend with increasing age. With-the-rule astigmatism was the most common, followed by against-the-rule astigmatism; oblique astigmatism was the least common.

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Bessell, Tracey L., Chris A. Silagy, Jeremy N. Anderson, Janet E. Hiller e Lloyd N. Sansom. "Measuring Prevalence: Prevalence of South Australia's online health seekers". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 26, n. 2 (aprile 2002): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2002.tb00912.x.

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Horowitz, Todd. "The high prevalence effect meets the low prevalence effect". Journal of Vision 18, n. 10 (1 settembre 2018): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.519.

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Stromberg, U. "Prevalence odds ratio v prevalence ratio--some further comments." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1995): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.2.143.

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LAPPI, VICTORIA R., JOANNE THIMOTHE, JONATHAN WALKER, JON BELL, KENNETH GALL, MICHAEL W. MOODY e MARTIN WIEDMANN. "Impact of Intervention Strategies on Listeria Contamination Patterns in Crawfish Processing Plants: A Longitudinal Study†". Journal of Food Protection 67, n. 6 (1 giugno 2004): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1163.

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Two ready-to-eat crawfish processing plants were monitored for 2 years to study the impact of Listeria control strategies, including employee training and targeted sanitation procedures, on Listeria contamination. Environmental, raw material, and finished product samples were collected weekly during the main processing months (April to June) and tested for Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Before implementation of control strategies (year 1), the two processing plants showed Listeria spp. prevalences of 29.5% (n = 78) in raw, whole crawfish, 5.2% (n = 155) in the processing plant environment, and 0% (n = 78) in finished products. In year 2, after plant-specific Listeria control strategies were implemented, Listeria spp. prevalence increased in raw crawfish (57.5%, n = 101), in the processing plant environment (10.8%, n = 204), and in the finished product (1.0%, n = 102). Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in Listeria spp. prevalence (P < 0.0001) and a borderline nonsignificant increase in L. monocytogenes prevalence (P = 0.097) on raw material in year 2. Borderline nonsignificant increases were also observed for Listeria spp. prevalence in environmental samples (P = 0.082). Our data showed that Listeria spp. prevalence in raw crawfish can vary significantly among seasons. However, the increased contamination prevalence for raw materials only resulted in a limited Listeria prevalence increase for the processing plant environment with extremely low levels of finished product contamination. Heat treatment of raw materials combined with Listeria control strategies to prevent cross-contamination thus appears to be effective in achieving low levels of finished product contamination, even with Listeria spp. prevalences for raw crawfish of more than 50%.

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Abo-Shehada, M. N., L. Sharif, S. N. El-Sukhon, N. Abuharfeil e R. F. Atmeh. "Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis antibodies in humans in northern Jordan". Journal of Helminthology 66, n. 1 (marzo 1992): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00012608.

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ABSTRACTSera of 699 individuals, aged between 5–24 years, from the Irbid area. Jordan, were tested for Toxocara canis antibodies using an ELISA-IgG test. Crude prevalence was 10·9% (76 of 699) but age-adjusted prevalence was 14·3%. The highest prevalence was observed in females aged 5–9 years. 23·3% (7 of 30). and males of 15–19 years of age. 19·5% (16 of 82). The lowest prevalence was observed in females aged 20–25 years. 5·2% (8 of 155). Significant differences (P<0·05) between the prevalences of the toxocaral antibodies in males and females were observed in the age groups 5–9, 15–19 and 20–24 years. The trend of prevalence in relation to age was different according to sex.

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Arroyo, J., L. Salazar-Sánchez, G. Jiménez-Cruz, P. Chaverri, E. Arrieta-Bolaños e B. Morera. "Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica". Hämostaseologie 30, S 01 (2010): S28—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619065.

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SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.

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JENUM, P. A., G. KAPPERUD, B. STRAY-PEDERSEN, K. K. MELBY, A. ESKILD e J. ENG. "Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii specific immunoglobulin G antibodies among pregnant women in Norway". Epidemiology and Infection 120, n. 1 (febbraio 1998): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268897008480.

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During one year from June 1992 serum IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among 35940 pregnant women were measured in a cross-sectional study conducted in Norway. The overall prevalence was 10·9%. The lowest prevalences were detected in the north (6·7%) and in the inland counties (8·2%). A significantly higher prevalence was detected in the southern counties (13·4%) where a mild, coastal climate prevails. Women with foreign names had a higher prevalence (22·6%) than women with Norwegian names (10·0%). The high prevalence among women living in the capital city (Oslo) as compared to other cities and rural areas (13·2% vs. 10·1% and 10·2% respectively), was explained by the higher proportion of foreign women in Oslo. Prevalence significantly increased with age in women over 34 years old. This increase was only detected among women with Norwegian names. An increase in prevalence according to number of children was detected. Women without children had a prevalence of 8·8% while women with three children or more had a prevalence of 14·9%. Multivariate analyses showed that being seropositive was independently associated with county of residence, age, nationality and number of children.

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Cragin, Lori A., A. Scott Laney, Cortland J. Lohff, Brennan Martin, John A. Pandiani e Lynn Z. Blevins. "Use of Insurance Claims Data to Determine Prevalence and Confirm a Cluster of Sarcoidosis Cases in Vermont". Public Health Reports 124, n. 3 (maggio 2009): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490912400314.

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Objectives. In 2006, the Vermont Department of Health was asked to respond to a potential cluster of sarcoidosis cases related to a Vermont office building. Sarcoidosis prevalence has not been formally described for the United States. A range of <1–40/100,000 is commonly reported; however, we have not identified primary sources supporting this conclusion. Because of the wide prevalence range and lack of a local estimate, confirming existence of a cluster was difficult. Methods. We ascertained the prevalence of sarcoidosis cases in Vermont by using insurance claims data to determine whether or not a cluster of sarcoidosis cases was related to the office building. We calculated county and state annual prevalence proportions for sarcoidosis for 2004 and 2005 and annual building prevalences for 1992–2006. Results. The pooled sarcoidosis case prevalence for Vermont was 66.1/100,000. The pooled building annual prevalence (1,128/100,000) was statistically different from the county in which the building is located (odds ratio = 15.5, 95% confidence interval 3.0, 50.3). Conclusions. We reported the first statewide sarcoidosis prevalence in the United States. This prevalence exceeded previous limited and unsubstantiated U.S. reports. Even with Vermont's elevated sarcoidosis prevalence, the presence of a cluster in this building was apparent.

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García Arnago, Sara Paulina, Katherine Monsalve Barrientos, Fredys Daniel Chávez Bertel, Alejandra David Marriaga e Jaiberth Cardona. "Prevalencia de insomnio y somnolencia en estudiantes de medicina, Medellín. / Prevalence of insomnia and sleepinessin medical students belonging to an educational institution of Medellin (Colombia), 2013". Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) 14, n. 1 (15 giugno 2014): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30554/archmed.14.1.235.2014.

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Objetivo:Determinar la prevalencia de insomnio y somnolencia en estudiantes de unafacultad de medicina de Medellín y su asociación con condiciones sociodemográficasy académicas. El insomnio y la somnolencia presentan elevada prevalencia y causangraves problemas de salud física, mental y social; los estudiantes de medicina son ungrupo de alto riesgo para estos trastornos.Materiales y métodos:Estudio de preva-lencia en 230 estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente. Para la tamización de losdos trastornos se emplearon las escalas Epworth para somnolencia e insomnio. Losanálisis se basaron en medidas de resumen, frecuencias, pruebas no paramétricas,prevalencias y razones de prevalencia.Resultados:La edad promedio fue 20 años,la media de créditos matriculados fue 20, el 70% de la población estaban en el ciclobásico. Se halló prevalencia de tabaquismo del 10% y consumo de alcohol en el 51%.La prevalencia global de insomnio fue 93%, siendo más frecuente en grado leve, éstepresentó asociación estadística con la presencia de enfermedades de base y el géne-ro. La prevalencia de somnolencia fue 73,5% siendo más común el grado moderado,ésta presentó asociación con el ciclo de formación.Conclusión:La elevada preva-lencia de los dos trastornos del sueño hallada en este grupo, pone de manifiestola necesidad de implementar medidas de prevención primaria y secundaria, dadolos impactos negativos que presentan para actividades cotidianas, el rendimientoacadémico y para la salud física y mentalObjective: To determine the prevalence of insomnia and sleepiness in students froma medical school in Medellin and its association with sociodemographic and academicconditions. Insomnia and sleepiness have high prevalence and they cause seriousproblems of physical, mental and social health, one of the main groups at risk for thesedisorders are the medical students. Materials and Methods: Prevalence study in 230students randomly selected. For the screening of the disorders were used the scales ofsleepiness and insomnia of Epworth. The analyzes were based on summary measures,frequency, nonparametric tests, prevalence and prevalence ratios. Results: The meanage was 20 years, the average of credits enrolled was 20, 70% of the population wasin the basic cycle. Smoking prevalence was 10% and consumption of alcohol of 51%The overall prevalence of insomnia was 93%, being more common in mild degree,it was presented statistically significant association with the presence of underlyingdiseases and sex. The prevalence of somnolence was 73.5% being more commonthe moderate grade, it was statistically associated with the training cycle. Conclusion:The high prevalence of both sleep disorders found in this group, highlights the need toimplement actions of primary and secondary prevention, due to negatives impacts foreveryday activities, academic performance and physical and mental health.

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Kavli, G., SE Stenvold e O. Vandbakk. "Low prevalence of psoriasis in Norwegian lapps". Acta Dermato-Venereologica 65, n. 3 (1 maggio 1985): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555565262263.

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The prevalence of psoriasis was found to be 0.6% in 2 000 pure Lapps from Kautokeino. Similar low prevalences have been found in Mongolians and Eskimos. HL-A studies have suggested a common origin for these populations.

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Maletnlema, TN. "A Tanzanian perspective on the nutrition transition and its implications for health". Public Health Nutrition 5, n. 1a (febbraio 2002): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001289.

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AbstractObjective:The purpose of this paper is to describe social and economic changes related to shifts in diet and activity and to present prevalences for chronic diseases associated with the nutrition transition.Design:Observations about social changes are descriptive, based on published reports and personal observations. Prevalence and trends data are based on a Ministry of Health published report and, for infants and toddlers, on primary data.Setting:Disease prevalences for diabetes mellitus and hypertension are taken from four sites, representing underdeveloped, semi-developed and well-developed rural communities and Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania. The prevalences of underweight and overweight for infants and toddlers are taken from a small periurban clinic in Tanzania.Subjects:Adults over 15 years of age are included in the prevalence data for chronic disease. The urban sample is stratified by occupation and ethnicity. The data for infants and toddlers include newborns to those aged 23 months.Results:An increase in the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was observed. Simultaneously, there have been rapid changes in diet and physical activity related to urbanisation and modernisation. The highest prevalences for diabetes and hypertension were among high-ranking executives.Conclusion:The increase in chronic disease could be related to the rise in the number of high-ranking executives. Simultaneously, per capita income has gone down, and malnutrition prevalence has risen. Programmes are being developed to simultaneously monitor trends in overweight while preventing protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency.

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Fakih, O., C. Prati, D. Wendling e F. Verhoeven. "AB0496 COMPARISON OF THE DISTRIBUTION BY DEPARTMENT OF THE PREVALENCE OF SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES IN METROPOLITAN FRANCE AND THEIR EVOLUTION BETWEEN 2008 AND 2018". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19 maggio 2021): 1275.2–1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1805.

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Background:Epidemiology of spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been rarely described in France. One study based on a phone survey found a prevalence of 0.30% in 2001 [1], and another study based on a national cohort showed an estimated prevalence of 0.43% in 2010 [2]. To our knowledge, there is no data regarding the geographical distribution of SpA in France. Furthermore, it is known that SpA occurs in up to 13% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and that there is a significant north-south gradient in IBD cases in France.Objectives:To determine the prevalence of SpA and IBD in metropolitan France and compare the geographical distribution of SpA and IBD in 2008 and 2018.Methods:Age-and sex-standardized prevalences were collected from data freely available on the French national health insurance website concerning patients with long-term disability (LTD) #27 (SpA) and #24 (IBD). Data for December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2018 were collected. National data are available by diagnosis coded according to the ICD-10 classification, and data by department only concern all patients benefiting from a given LTD.Results:National prevalence of SpA is estimated at 0.11% in 2008 (43.8% of women, average age 50 years) and 0.27% in 2018 (54% of women, average age 53 years). National prevalence of IBD is estimated at 0.19% in 2008 (55.6% of women, average age 46 years) and 0.27% in 2018 (55% of women, average age 49 years). Standardized prevalences by pathology are detailed in Table 1. Standardized prevalences by department are shown in Figure 1.Table 1.Standardized SpA and IBD prevalence (per 100000) by disease in 2008 and 2018.Ankylosing SpondylitisPsoriatic ArthritisCrohn’s DiseaseUlcerative colitis2008953110384201818157153126Figure 1.Standardized SpA and IBD prevalence by department in 2008 and 2018.SpA prevalences found in this study are lower than those indicated in the literature: 0.27% versus 0.43% [2]. This may be explained by the fact that not all patients suffering from SpA or IBD benefit from LTD. Moreover, there is a 2.42-fold increase over ten years, which may correspond to the increase in prescription of biotherapies, which requires the benefit of LTD. North-south gradient in the prevalence of IBDs has been found, which is not the case for SpA, which seems to be less prevalent in the north-eastern quarter of the country. These differences in geographical distribution appear to be stable between 2008 and 2018. While IBD and SpA share many physiopathological similarities, their different geographical distributions suggest the importance of different environmental factors in the development of each condition.Conclusion:The north-south gradient in the distribution of IBD in metropolitan France is not found in SpA. Despite an increasing prevalence, these distributions appear to be stable over time suggesting an important impact of environmental factor in the expression of these close diseases.References:[1]Saraux A, Guillemin F, Guggenbuhl P, et al. Prevalence of spondyloarthropathies in France: 2001. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:1431–5. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.029207[2]Costantino F, Talpin A, Said-Nahal R, et al. Prevalence of spondyloarthritis in reference to HLA-B27 in the French population: results of the GAZEL cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74:689–93. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204436Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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GUYATT, H. L., S. BROOKER e C. A. DONNELLY. "Can prevalence of infection in school-aged children be used as an index for assessing community prevalence?" Parasitology 118, n. 3 (marzo 1999): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003862.

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Community data on the prevalence of helminth infections is important for guiding health policy, but expensive to collect. As a result most surveys focus on school-aged children, frequently using schools as a sentinel population. Since there already exists a vast amount of data on infection levels in school-aged children, but limited community-based data, we undertook a literature search on age-stratified infection data for intestinal nematode infections and schistosomiasis in Africa, to investigate whether estimates of the prevalence of infection in school-aged children could provide an index for determining community prevalence. The observed data on prevalence of infection in infants, school-aged children and adults were fitted using linear and logistic regression models which take into account variation in sample prevalences. Despite the wide variation in study sites, the observed relationship between community prevalence and school-aged prevalence was remarkably consistent for each parasite species. The prevalence of infection in school-aged children alone was shown to be higher than the predicted prevalence in the community, but the degree of overestimation was dependent on the parasite species and the level of infection. The results suggest that the prevalence of infection in school-aged children could provide a cost-effective predictive tool which can be used at a district/national level to identify target areas for control and to evaluate the numbers at risk of infection.

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