Articoli di riviste sul tema "Presó Model de Barcelona"

The Barcelona Test has proved to be very suitable for the systematic control of the tensile properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC). Nevertheless, the need to measure the total circumferential opening displacement (TCOD) of the specimen entails the use of an expensive circumferential extensometer. In order to simplify the test, studies from the literature propose the use of the axial displacement of the press (δ) instead of the TCOD, obtaining empirical equations to correlate the energy estimated with both measurements. However, these equations are only valid for δ ranging from 1 to 4 mm and were adjusted based on the test results of just a few types of FRC. The verification of this formulation for other types of FRC shows an average error of 51.1%, thus limiting the simplification proposed for the test. In this paper, a new analytical model to convert the δ into the TCOD is developed and validated for a wide range of FRC. Besides being applicable to the whole range of δ, the new model provides a clear physical understanding of the main mechanism observed during the test and shows an average error of only 6.7%, making it possible to simplify the Barcelona test.

This study performed an exhaustive analysis of the context that has given rise to the related phenomena of tourism-phobia and touristification in the city of Barcelona. The Quintuple Helix innovation model developed by Carayannis, Barth, and Campbell is used as a model of open innovation to present a new perspective through which to counter the challenges of today's society. The Quintuple Helix supports the formation of a win-win situation between ecology, knowledge, and innovation, thereby creating synergies between economy, society, and democracy. The research also draws on the strategic city plan of Barcelona, articles in the specialized press, and reports presenting the opinions of a diverse range of professionals. The statistical data from official bodies and the answers to a questionnaire are validated through the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) model. The research analysis is a process of innovation that has not yet begun, thereby highlighting exciting questions about the potential role of the different actors involved. Our results support the idea that tourism-phobia in Barcelona remains uncontrolled and that a lack of understanding exists between the different actors. This leads to a fragile innovation process that is incapable of solving the social challenges posed by the tourism monoculture. The study offers a precise diagnosis of the actors' lack of control and cohesion and suggests that policymakers rethink how to manage the city together with tourism rather than focusing solely on tourist activities. Finally, we find that the current context of the Covid-19 pandemic perpetuates a model of unsustainable tourism-philia that will eventually feed back into tourism-phobia.

The grounds of authority for the Catalan language have shifted from authenticity to anonymity, as Catalan becomes redefined as a public language. The “model of language” of the Catalan press reflects this shift, with an emphasis on neutral, transparent Catalan. This article examines original and published letters to the editor in a Catalan-medium newspaper in Barcelona. I argue that standardization of language, page design and signatures in the letters to the editor erases the social indexicality that attaches the original letters to their socially positioned authors. This process of standardization in linguistic and other semiotic modes allows the published letters to index a unified Catalan national “public” rather than their distinct authors.

L’objectiu del present article és donar a conèixer el Full de la Cultura i analit­zar els textos sobre la llengua catalana que l’esmentat suplement cultural de la Hoja del Lunes de Barcelona va fer públics. Els resultats de la investigació evidencien que el Full de la Cultura es va posar en marxa arran de l’arribada del periodista Josep Maria Cadena a la direcció del setmanari, va sortir entre el 7 de juny de 1982 i el 21 de febrer de 1983, i va ser elaborat per periodistes i escriptors sensibles a l’ús del català. Va afegir-se, així, a les publicacions que, durant la Transició, estaven escrites en aquest idioma, en aquest cas amb l’ob­jectiu de difondre continguts culturals d’actualitat, sobre literatura, drama­túrgia, música, arts plàstiques, filosofia i llengua. Així, el Full de la Cultura va continuar la tradició de la premsa de Catalunya a l’hora de dedicar espais a parlar de diferents aspectes de la llen­gua catalana com a contingut d’interès social: l’autoritat i el corpus normatius, la situació a l’ensenyament i als mitjans de comunicació, el model d’estàndard més adequat per a l’època, la correcció lingüística, trobades acadèmiques de prestigi, la sociolingüística i novetats bibliogràfiques. Catalan Language Content in the Supplement ‘Full de la Cultura’ (1982-1983) of Barcelona’s Weekly Newspaper ‘Hoja del Lunes’ The objective of this paper is to raise awareness of the Full de la Cultura and analyze the texts about Catalan lan­guage made public by this cultural sup­plement to Barcelona’s Hoja del Lunes. The results of the research show that the Full de la Cultura was launched with the appointment of the journalist Josep Maria Cadena as the director of the weekly magazine, which was published between June 7, 1982 and February 21, 1983. It was produced by journalists and writers who were sen­sitive to the use of Catalan. Thus, this weekly became one of the publications during the Transition that were written in this language, with the aim of dis­seminating current cultural content re­lated to literature, drama, music, visual arts, philosophy and language. In this sense, the Full de la Cultura continued the Catalan press tradition of devoting space to discussing different aspects of the Catalan language as a type of con­tent of social interest, and addressed such issues as normative authority and standard corpuses, its position in both education and the media, the most ap­propriate standard model for the time, linguistic correction, prestigious aca­demic conferences, sociolinguistics and bibliographical novelties.

El texto aborda la evolución del análisis historiográfico que se ha llevado a cabo sobre la Cataluña moderna entre finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVIII. Aunque la frontera moderna de Cataluña puede ser múltiple, nos centramos esencialmente en aquella que va desde el Valle de Arán hasta el Mediterráneo. El texto abre con una primera reflexión sobre el camino hacia el cambio de modelo, luego evoca los efectos de las guerras con Francia, con algunos ejemplos concretos, como el de Cerdaña, y, por último, expone la realidad percibida y llevada a cabo con la nueva “fortificación” de la frontera catalana a finales del siglo XVII, cuando el control de Francia se hace evidente. Palabras clave: Frontera, fronterización, fortificaciónTopónimos: Francia, España, Cataluña,Período: época moderna ABSTRACTThe text addresses the evolution of the historiographical analysis that of modern Catalonia between the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 18th century. Although the modern border of Catalonia may be multiple, the focus will essentially be upon the border that runs from the Arán Valley to the Mediterranean. The text opens with an initial reflection on the path towards a change of model, before evoking the effects of the wars with France, with some specific examples, such as that of Cerdanya, and finally presenting the reality perceived and manifested with the new “fortification” of the Catalan border at the end of the 17th century, when French control became evident. Keywords: Border, bordering, fortificationPlace names: France, Spain, CataloniaPeriod: modern era REFERENCIASAyats, A., Louis XIV et les Pyrénées catalanes de 1659 à 1681. Frontière politique et frontières militaires, Trabucaire, Canet, 2002.Bély, L., “La representación de la frontera en las diplomacias durante la Época Moderna”, Manuscrits, 26, (2008), pp. 35-51.— “Westphalie, Pyrénées, Utrecht: trois traités pour redessiner l'Europe”, en O. Jané (ed.), Del Tractat dels Pirineus a l'Europa del segle XXI: un model en construcció, Museu d'Història de Catalunya-Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2010, pp. 13-21.Bourret, C., Les Pyrénées centrales du ixe au xixe siècle. La formation progressive d’une frontière, Pyrégraph, Aspet, 1995.Brunet, S., Les prêtres des montagnes. La vie, la mort, la foi dans les Pyrénées centrales sous l'Ancien Régime (Val d'Aran et diocèse de Comminges), PyréGraph, Aspet, 2001.Cámara, A., Fortificación y ciudad en los reinos de Felipe II, ed. NEREA, Madrid, 1998.Camiade, M., Genís, M.T. y Lacombe-Massot, J.-P., “Les mirades en el territori: les fortificacions al massís de l’Albera, el vessant més oriental dels Pirineus”, en Fronteres: una visió des de l'Empordà, Annals de l’Institut d’Estudis Empordanesos, 2011, pp. 491-502.Caner, P. y Vilar, L., “Castells i cases fortificades de Calonge”, Annals de l'Institut d'Estudis Gironins, 23, (1976), pp. 279-320.Capponi, N., “Le strade dell’ invasore. Strategia, fortezze e sistema difensivi nella Toscana dei secoli XVI-XVII”, en Frontiere e fortificazioni di frontera, Edizioni Firenze, Florencia, 2001, pp. 147-164.Carrió Arumí, J., “La política militar hispànica i la persecució de bandolers a Catalunya en els segles XVI-XVII”, Recerques: història, economia, cultura, 69, (2014), pp. 99-130.— Catalunya en l’estructura militar de la Monarquia Hispànica (1556-1640). Tres aspectes: les fortificacions, els soldats i els allotjaments, Tesis doctoral, UB, Barcelona, 2008.Casals, A., “Estructura defensiva de Catalunya a la primera meitat del segle XVI: els comtats de Rosselló i Cerdanya”, en El poder real de la Corona de Aragón: (siglos XIV-XVI),Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, 1996, pp. 83-94.Colás Latorre, G. y Salas Ausens, J. A., Aragón en el siglo XVI. Alteraciones sociales y conflictos políticos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 1982.Conesa, M., D’herbe, de terre et de sang: La Cerdagne du XIVe au XIXe siècle, Presses universitaires de Perpignan, Perpiñán, 2018.Cornette, J., Le roi de guerre. Essai sur la souveraineté dans la France du Grand Siècle, Editions Payot Rivages, París, 2000, p. 43Cortada, L., Estructures territorials, urbanisme i arquitectura poliorcètics a la Catalunya preindustrial, IEC, Barcelona, 1998, 2 vols.Díaz Capmany, C., “La construcció de la plaça forta de Sant Ferran a Figueres”, AIEE, 36, (2003), pp. 265-295.Dubost, J.-F., “Absolutisme et centralisation en Languedoc au XVIIe siècle (1620-1690)”, Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, 37-3, (1990), pp. 369-397.Dubost, J.-F.y Sahlins, P., Et si on faisait payer les étrangers? Louis XIV. Les immigrés et quelques autres, Flammarion, París, 1999.Espino López, A., Cataluña durante el reinado de Carlos II: política y guerra en la frontera catalana, 1679-1697, Monografies Manuscrits, Bellaterra, 1999.— Las guerras de Cataluña. El Teatro de Marte, 1652-1714, Edaf, Madrid, 2014.— “Entre Francia y España. Conflicto político y defensa hispánica de la frontera en la Cerdaña, 1659-1672”, Hispania, vol. LXXVII, 257, (2017), pp. 705-733.— La Cerdaña en armas. Conflicto e identidad en la frontera catalana, 1637-1714, Ed. Milenio, Lleida, 2017.— Fronteras de la monarquía. Guerra y decadencia en tiempos de Carlos II, Ed. Milenio, Lleida, 2019.— “La nueva frontera militar en la Cerdaña. Las defensas de Puigcerdà (1659-1683)”, Chronica Nova, 47, (2021), pp. 213-242.Espino López, A. y Jané Checa, O. (eds.), Guerra, frontera i identitats, Ed. Afers, Catarroja-Barcelona, 2015.Estanyol, V., El pactisme en guerra (L'organització militar catalana als inicis de la guerra de separació, 1640-1642), Ed. Dalmau, Barcelona, 1999.Ferrier-Caverivière, N., “La guerre dans la littérature française de 1672 à 1715”, en Guerre et pouvoir en Europe au XVIIe siècle, H. Veyrier, Saint-Etienne, 1991, pp. 105-128.Gascón, J., Alzar banderas contra su rey. La rebelión aragonesa de 1591 contra Felipe II, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2010.Gil Pujol, X., De las alteraciones a la estabilidad. Corona, fueros y política en el Reino de Aragón, 1585-1648, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 1989.Jané Checa, O., Catalunya i França al segle XVII. Identitats, contraidentitats i ideologies a l’època moderna (1640-1700), Afers, Catarroja, 2006.— La identitat de la frontera pirinenca. Efectes socials i polítics al nord de Catalunya des de la creació de Montlluís (1677-1698), Diputació de Girona, Girona, 2008.— Catalunya sense Espanya. Ramon Trobat, ideologia i catalanitat a l’empara de França, Ed. Afers, Catarroja-Barcelona, 2009.— “The boundaries between France and Spain in the Catalan Pyrenees: Elements for the construction and invention of borders”, en K. Stoklosa G. Besier (eds.), European Border Regions in Comparison: Overcoming Nationalistic Aspects or Re-Nationalization?, Routledge, New York-Oxford, 2014, pp. 39-57La Fuente, P. de, “La fortificació del litoral cadaquesenc al segle XVI”, Annals de l’Institut d’Estudis Empordanesos, 34, (2001), pp. 379-400.— “Anàlisi d’alguns aspectes sobre la concepció teòrica del projecte del castell de Sant Ferran”, Annals de l’Institut d’Estudis Empordanesos, 29, (1996), pp. 177-190.— La ciudad como problema militar: Perpiñán y los ingenieros de la monarquía española (ss. XVI-XVII), Tesis Doctoral, UNED, Madrid, 1995 (publicada por el Ministerio de Defensa en 1999).Macías Cordero, N., Tiburzio Spannocchi: su contribución a la fortificación aragonesa, TFG-Arquitectura, UPM, 2020.Martí Escayol, M. A. y Espino López, A., Catalunya abans de la Guerra de Successió: Ambrosi Borsano i la creació d'una nova frontera militar, 1659-1700, Ed. Afers, Catarroja-Barcelona, 2013.Martínez Latorre, D., Giovan Battista Calvi, ingeniero de las fortificaciones de Carlos V y Felipe II (1552-1565), Tesis Doctoral, Ministerio de Defensa, Barcelona, 2002.Muchembled, R., Le temps des supplices. De l’obéissance sous les rois absolus. XVe-XVIIIe siècles, Armand Colin, París, 1992.Nordman, D., Frontières de France, de l’espace au territoire (xvie-xixe siècles), Gallimard, París, 1998.— “La frontera: teories i lògiques territorials a França (segles XVI-XVIII), Manuscrits, 26, (2008), pp. 21-33.Paillissé, M.-A., Mont-Louis place forte et nouvelle (1679-1740), Mémoire de maîtrise, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, 1982.Pernot, J.-F., “Guerre de siège et places fortes”, Guerre et pouvoir en Europe au XVIIe siècle, H. Veyrier, Kronos, Saint-Etienne, 1991, pp.129-150.Peytaví, J., “Salses”, en A. Catafau (ed.), Les celleres et la naissance du village en Roussillon (Xe-XVe siècles), Presses Universitaires de Perpignan, Perpiñán, 2014, pp. 591-601.Porras Gil, C., La organización defensiva española en los siglos XVI-XVII desde el río Eo hasta el Valle de Arán, Publicaciones Universidad de Valladolid, Salamanca, 1995.Poujade, P., Une vallée frontière dans le Grand siècle. Le Val d’Aran entre deux monarchies, Pyrégraph, Aspet, 1998.— “Comunicació i divisió a la frontera septentrional de Catalunya entre els segles XV i XVIII”, Catalan Historical Review, 11, (2018), pp. 137-149.Sahlins, P., Boundaries: the making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1989.Sancho, M., “Apunts per una arqueologia dels castells i fortificacions pre-feudals a l’Alt Pirineu (Urgell, Pallars i Ribagorça), segles VI-X”, Treballs d’Arqueologia, 22, (2018), pp. 5-28.Sanllehy, M.A., “Le Val d’Aran: la frontière et les frontières (XVII et XVIIIe siècles)”, en Pays pyrénéens et Pouvoirs centraux (XVIe-XXe s.), Actes du Colloque International de Foix, Association des Amis des Archives de l’Ariège, Foix, 1993, pp. 467-478.— Comunitats, veïns i arrendataris a la Val d'Aran (S. XVII-XVIII), Garsineu, Tremp, 2 vols., 2007.Sanz Camañes, P., “Fronteras, poder y milicia en la España Moderna. Consecuencias de la administración militar en las poblaciones de la frontera catalano-aragonesa durante la Guerra de Secesión Catalana (1640-1652)”, Manuscrits, 26, (2008), pp. 53-77.— Estrategias de poder y guerra de frontera. Aragón en la Guerra de Secesión catalana (1640-1652), CEMCM, Huesca, 2001.Simon, E. y Obiols, L. (eds.), La Cerdanya de 1603: El Tractat del comtat de Cerdanya de Joan Trigall, Anem Editors, Andorra, 2020.Stopani, A., La production des frontières. Etat et communautés en Toscane (XVIe-XVIIe siècles), École Française de Rome, Roma, 2008.Takayanagi, S., “On projects of citadels in four spanish cities by Tiburzio Spannocchi”, Journal of Architecture and Planning, 81-719, (2016), pp. 225-235.Vivar Lombarte, G., “La fortificació de Catalunya: la introducció de les noves teories europees sobre el bastió (1675-1733)”, Pedralbes, 18-2, (1998), pp. 539-547.

With the implementation of the European Green Paper on Mental Health, and the development of the Mental Health Pact, the strategic importance of Mental Health promotion and illness reduction as keystones of a European mental health policy and practice has never been greater.The PROMISE project is a EU project and is financed by the European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Consumers, DG Sanco. It aims to develop and disseminate guidelines for generic training and education with respect to Mental Health Promotion and Illness Reduction. The best practice guidelines will specifically focus on the prevention of suicide, depression, and alcohol and drug abuse, and the promotion of healthy living.A specific innovation is the involvement of mental health service users as non-traditional actors by developing multi-disciplinary training guidelines and training programs with a special emphasis on positive mental health, healthy living, diet and exercise project.Project partners are all ‘multiplier’ organizations from 8 different European countries and have extensive previous expertise in their designated roles.The role of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona PROMISE is: Identify best practice media guidelines for engaging press and media with the mental health promotion agenda through the use of positive role models. Monitor the implementation of the best practice guidelines through the design and development of local case studies in 7 sites across Europe.Outcomes are an integrated and comprehensive set of training guidelines and model training programs accessed through an interactive website, endorsed by European level professional body and university networks.

RESUMENLa historia del cristianismo no se entiende sin el complejo fenómeno mariano. El culto mariano ha afianzado la construcción de identidades colectivas, pero también individuales. La figura de la Virgen María estableció un modelo de conducta desde cada contexto histórico-cultural, remarcando especialmente los ideales de maternidad y virginidad. Dentro del imaginario católico, la Europa contemporánea ha estado marcada por la formación de una cultura aparicionista que se ha generadoa partir de diversas apariciones marianas que han establecido un canon y un marco de interpretación que ha alimentado las guerras culturales entre secularismo y catolicismo.PALABRAS CLAVE: catolicismo, Virgen María, cultura aparicionista, Lourdes, guerras culturales.ABSTRACTThe history of Christianity cannot be understood without the complex Marian phenomenon. Marian devotion has reinforced the construction of collective, but also of individual identities. The figure of the Virgin Mary established a model of conduct through each historical-cultural context, emphasizing in particular the ideals of maternity and virginity. Within the Catholic imaginary, contemporary Europe has been marked by the formation of an apparitionist culture generated by various Marian apparitions that have established a canon and a framework of interpretation that has fuelled the cultural wars between secularism and Catholicism.KEY WORDS: Catholicism, Virgin Mary, apparicionist culture, Lourdes, culture wars. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAlbert Llorca, M., “Les apparitions et leur histoire”, Archives de Sciences Sociales des religions, 116 (2001), pp. 53-66.Albert, J.-P. y Rozenberg G., “Des expériences du surnaturel”, Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions, 145 (2009), pp. 9-14.Amanat A. y Bernhardsson, M. T. (eds.), Imagining the End. Visions of Apocalypsis from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America, London and New York, I. B. Tauris, 2002.Angelier, F. y Langlois, C. (eds.), La Salette. Apocalypse, pèlerinage et littérature (1846-1996), Actes du colloque de l’institut catholique de Paris (29- 30 de novembre de 1996), Grenoble, Jérôme Million, 2000.Apolito, P., Apparitions of the Madonna at Oliveto Citra. Local Visions and Cosmic Drama, University Park, Penn State University Press, 1998.Apolito, P., Internet y la Virgen. Sobre el visionarismo religioso en la Red, Barcelona, Laertes, 2007.Astell, A. W., “Artful Dogma: The Immaculate Conception and Franz Werfer´s Song of Bernadette”, Christianity and Literature, 62/I (2012), pp. 5-28.Barnay, S., El cielo en la tierra. Las apariciones de la Virgen en la Edad Media, Madrid, Encuentro, 1999.Barreto, J., “Rússia e Fátima”, en C. Moreira Azevedo e L Cristino (dirs.), Enciclopédia de Fátima, Estoril, Princípia, 2007, pp. 500-503.Barreto, J., Religião e Sociedade: dois ensaios, Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, 2003.Bayly, C. A., El nacimiento del mundo moderno. 1780-1914, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2010.Béjar, S., Los milagros de Jesús, Barcelona, Herder, 2018.Belli, M., An Incurable Past. Nasser’s Egypt. Then and Now, Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2013.Blackbourn, D., “Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Bismarckian Germany”, en Eley, G. (ed.), Society, Culture, and the State in Germany, 1870-1930, Ann Arbor, The University Michigan Press, 1997.Blackbourn, D., Marpingen: Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Nineteenth-Century Germany, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.Bouflet, J., Une histoire des miracles. Du Moyen Âge à nos jours, Paris, Seuil, 2008.Boyd, C. P., “Covadonga y el regionalismo asturiano”, Ayer, 64 (2006), pp. 149-178.Brading, D. A., La Nueva España. Patria y religión, México D. F., Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2015.Brading, D. A., Mexican Phoenix, our Lady of Guadalupe: image and tradition across five centuries, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001.Bugslag, J., “Material and Theological Identities: A Historical Discourse of Constructions of the Virgin Mary”, Théologiques, 17/2 (2009), pp. 19-67.Cadoret-Abeles, A., “Les apparitions du Palmar de Troya: analyse anthropologique dun phenómène religieux”, Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez, 17 (1981), pp. 369-391.Carrión, G., El lado oscuro de María, Alicante, Agua Clara, 1992.Chenaux, P., L´ultima eresia. La chiesa cattolica e il comunismo in Europa da Lenin a Giovanni Paolo II, Roma, Carocci Editore, 2011.Christian, W. A., “De los santos a María: panorama de las devociones a santuarios españoles desde el principio de la Edad Media a nuestros días”, en Lisón Tolosana, C. (ed.), Temas de antropología española, Madrid, Akal, 1976, pp. 49-105.Christian, W. A., “Religious apparitions and the Cold War in Southern Europe”, Zainak, 18 (1999), pp. 65-86.Christian, W. A., Apariciones Castilla y Cataluña (siglo XIV-XVI), Madrid, Nerea, 1990.Christian, W. A., Religiosidad local en la España de Felipe II, Madrid, Nerea, 1991.Christian, W. A., Religiosidad popular: estudio antropológico en un valle, Madrid, Tecnos, 1978.Christian, W. A., Visionaries: The Spanish Republic and the Reign of Christ, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1997.Clark, C., “The New Catholicism and the European Culture Wars”, en C. Clark y Kaiser, W. (eds.), Culture Wars. Secular-Catholic conflict in Nineteenth-Century Europe, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 11-46.Claverie, É., Les guerres de la Vierge. Une anthropologie des apparitions, Paris, Gallimard, 2003.Colina, J. M. de la, La Inmaculada y la Serpiente a través de la Historia, Bilbao, El Mensajero del Corazón de Jesús, 1930.Collins, R., Los guardianes de las llaves del cielo, Barcelona, Ariel, 2009, p. 521.Corbin, A. (dir.), Historia del cuerpo. Vol. II. De la Revolución francesa a la Gran Guerra, Madrid, Taurus, 2005.Coreth, E. (ed.), Filosofía cristiana en el pensamiento católico de los siglos XIX y XX. Tomo I: Nuevos enfoques en el siglo XIX, Madrid, Encuentro, 1994.Coreth, E. (ed.), Filosofía cristiana en el pensamiento católico de los siglos XIX y XX. Tomo II: Vuelta a la herencia escolástica, Madrid, Encuentro, 1994.Cunha, P. y Ribas, D., “Our Lady of Fátima and Marian Myth in Portuguese Cinema”, en Hansen, R. (ed.), Roman Catholicism in Fantastic Film: Essays on. Belief, Spectacle, Ritual and Imagery, Jefferson, McFarland, 2011.D’Hollander, P. y Langlois, C. (eds.), Foules catholiques et régulation romaine. Les couronnements de vierges de pèlerinage à l’époque contemporaine (XIXe et XXe siècles), Limoges, Presses universitaires de Limoges, 2011.D´Orsi, A., 1917, o ano que mudou o mundo, Lisboa, Bertrand Editora, 2017.De Fiores, S., Maria. Nuovissimo dizionario, Bologna, EDB, 2 vols., 2006.Delumeau, J., Rassurer et protéger. Le sentiment de sécurité dans l’Occident d’autrefois, Paris, Fayard, 1989.Dozal Varela, J. C., “Nueva Jerusalén: a 38 años de una aparición mariana apocalíptica”, Nuevo Mundo, Mundos Nuevos, 2012, s.p.Driessen, H., “Local Religion Revisited: Mediterranean Cases”, History and Anthropology, 20/3 (2009), pp. 281-288.Driessen, H., “Local Religion Revisited: Mediterranean Cases”, History and Anthropology, 20/3 (2009), p. 281-288.González Sánchez, C. A., Homo viator, homo scribens. Cultura gráfica, información y gobierno en la expansión atlántica (siglos XV-XVII), Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2007.Grignion de Montfort, L. M., Escritos marianos selectos, Madrid, San Pablo, 2014.Harris, R., Lourdes. Body and Spirit in the Secular Age, London, Penguin Press, 1999.Harvey, J., Photography and Spirit, London, Reaktion Books, 2007.Hood, B., Supersense: Why We Believe in the Unbelievable, New York, HarperOne, 2009.Horaist, B., La dévotion au Pape et les catholiques français sous le Pontificat de Pie IX (1846-1878), Palais Farnèse, École Française de Rome, 1995.Kselman, T., Miracles and Prophecies in Nineteenth Century France, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, 1983.Lachapelle, S., Investigating the Supernatural: From Spiritism and Occultism to Psychical Research and Metapsychics in France, 1853-1931, Baltimore, The John Hopkins University Press, 2011.Langlois, C., “Mariophanies et mariologies au XIXe siècles. Méthode et histoire”, en Comby, J. (dir.), Théologie, histoire et piété mariale, Lyon, Profac, 1997, pp. 19-36.Laurentin, R. y Sbalchiero, P. (dirs.), Dictionnaire des “aparitions” de la Vierge Marie, Paris, Fayard, 2007.Laycock, J. P., The Seer of Bayside: Veronica Lueken and the Struggle to Define Catholicism, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015.Levi, G., La herencia inmaterial. La historia de un exorcista piamontés del siglo XVII, Madrid, Nerea, 1990.Linse, U., Videntes y milagreros. La búsqueda de la salvación en la era de la industrialización, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2002.Louzao, J., “La España Mariana: vírgenes y nación en el caso español hasta 1939”, en Gabriel, P., Pomés, J. y Fernández, F. (eds.), España res publica: nacionalización española e identidades en conflicto (siglos XIX y XX), Granada, Comares, 2013, pp. 57-66.Louzao, J., “La recomposición religiosa en la modernidad: un marco conceptual para comprender el enfrentamiento entre laicidad y confesionalidad en la España contemporánea”, Hispania Sacra, 121 (2008), pp. 331-354.Louzao, J., “La Señora de Fátima. La experiencia de lo sobrenatural en el cine religioso durante el franquismo”, en Moral Roncal, A. M. y Colmenero, R. (eds.), Iglesia y primer franquismo a través del cine (1939-1959), Alcalá de Henares, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 2015, pp. 121-151.Louzao, J., “La Virgen y la salvación de España: un ensayo de historia cultural durante la Segunda República”, Ayer, 82 (2011), pp. 187-210.Louzao, J., Soldados de la fe o amantes del progreso. Catolicismo y modernidad en Vizcaya (1890-1923), Logroño, Genueve Ediciones, 2011.Lowenthal, D., El pasado es un país extraño, Madrid, Akal, 1998.Lundberg, M., A Pope of their Own. El Palmar de Troya and the Palmarian Church, Uppsala, Uppsala University, 2017.Maravall, J. A., La cultura del Barroco, Madrid, Ariel, 1975.Martí, J., “Fundamentos conceptuales introductorios para el estudio de la religión”, en Ardèvol, E. y Munilla, G. (coords.), Antropología de la religión. Una aproximación interdisciplinar a las religiones antiguas y contemporáneas, Barcelona, Editorial Universitat Oberta Catalunya, 2003.Martina, G., Pio IX (1846-1850), Roma, Università Gregoriana, 1974.Martina, G., Pio IX (1851-1866), Roma, Università Gregoriana,1986.Martina, G., Pio IX (1867-1878), Roma, Università Gregoriana, 1990.Maunder, C., “The Footprints of Religious Enthusiasm: Great Memorials and Faint Vestiges of Belgium´s Marian Apparition Mania of the 1930s”, Journal of Religion and Society, 15 (2013), s.p.Maunder, C., Our Lady of the Nations: Apparitions of Mary in Twentieth-century Catholic, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2016.Mínguez, R., “Las múltiples caras de la Inmaculada: religión, género y nación en su proclamación dogmática (1854)”, Ayer, 96 (2014), pp. 39-60.Moreno Luzón, J., “Entre el progreso y la virgen del Pilar. La pugna por la memoria en el centenario de la Guerra de la Independencia”, Historia y política, 12 (2004), pp. 41-78.Moro, R., “Religion and Politics in the Time of Secularisation: The Sacralisation of Politics and the Politicisation of Religion”, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 6/1 (2005), pp. 71-86.Multon, H., “Catholicisme intransigeant et culture prophétique: l’apport des Archives du Saint Office et de l’Index”, Revue historique, 621 (2002), pp. 109-137.Osterhammel, J., The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2014.Oviedo Torró, L., “Natural y sobrenatural: un repaso a los debates recientes”, en Alonso Bedate, A. (ed.), Lo natural, lo artificial y la cultura, Madrid, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, pp. 151-166.Pelikan, J., María a través de los siglos. Su presencia en veinte siglos de cultura, Madrid, PPC, 1997.Perica, V., Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002.Rahner, K., Tolerancia, libertad, manipulación, Barcelona, Herder, 1978.Ramón Solans, F. J. y di Stefano, R. (eds.), Marian Devotions, Political Mobilization, and Nationalism in Europe and America, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2016.Ramón Solans, F. J., “A New Lourdes in Spain: The Virgin of El Pilar, Mass Devotion, National Symbolism and Political Mobilization”, en Ramón Solans, F. J. y di Stefano, R. (eds.), Marian Devotions, Political Mobilization, and Nationalism in Europe and America, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2016, pp. 137-167.Ramón Solans, F. J., “La hidra revolucionaria. Apocalipsis y antiliberalismo en la España del primer tercio del siglo XIX”, Hispania, 56 (2017), pp. 471-496.Ramón Solans, F. J., La Virgen del Pilar dice... Usos políticos y nacionales de un culto mariano en la España contemporánea, Zaragoza, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2014.Ridruejo, E., Apariciones de la Virgen María: una investigación sobre las principales Mariofanías en el mundo Zaragoza, Fundación María Mensajera, 2000.Ridruejo, E., Memorias de Pitita, Madrid, Temas de Hoy, 2002.Rodríguez Becerra, S., “Las leyendas de apariciones marianas y el imaginario colectivo”, Etnicex: Revista de Estudios Etnográficos, 6 (2014), pp. 101-121.Rousseau, J. J., Ouvres Completes. Tome VII, Frankfort, H. Bechhold, 1856.Rubial García, A., Profetisas y solitarios: espacios y mensajes de una religión dirigida por ermitaños y beatas laicos en las ciudades de Nueva España, México D. F., Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2006.Rubin, M., Mother of God. A History of the Virgin Mary, London, Penguin, 2010.Russell, J. B., The Prince of Darkness: Radical Evil and the Power of Good in History, Cornell, Cornell University Press, 1992.Sánchez-Ventura, F., El pensamiento de María mensajera, Zaragoza, Fundación María Mensajera, 1997.Sánchez-Ventura, F., María, precursora de Cristo en su segunda venida a la tierra. Estudio de las profecías en relación con el próximo retorno de Jesús, Zaragoza, Círculo, 1973.Skinner, Q., Visions of Politics. Volumen 1: Regarding Method, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002.Staehlin, C. M., Apariciones. Ensayo crítico, Madrid, Razón y Fe, 1954.Stark R. y Finke, R., Acts of Faith: Explaining Human Side of Religion, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2000.Thomas, K., Religion and the Decline of Magic, New York, Scribner’s, 1971.Torbado, J., Milagro, milagro, Barcelona, Plaza y Janés, 2000.Turner, V. y Turner, E., Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Anthropological perspectives, New York, Columbia University Press, 1978.Vélez, P. V., Realidades, Barcelona, Imprenta Moderna, 1906.Walker, B., Out of the Ordinary Folklore and the Supernatural, Utah, Utah State University Press, 1995.Walliss, J., “Making Sense of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God”, Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, 9/1 (2005), pp. 49-66.Warner, M., Tú sola entre las mujeres: el mito y el culto de la Virgen María, Madrid, Taurus, 1991.Watkins, C. S., History and the Supernatural in Medieval England, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2007.Weber, M., Ensayos sobre sociología religiosa, Madrid, Taurus, 1983.Weigel, G., Juan Pablo II. El final y el principio, Barcelona, Planeta, 2011.Werfel, F., La canción de Bernardette, Madrid, Palabra, 1988.Zimdars-Swartz, S. L., Encountering Mary: From La Salette to Medjugorje, Princenton, Princeton University Press, 2014.

En este artículo se presenta el Enfoque de los Itinerarios de Enseñanza de las Matemáticas, un enfoque que trata de ser respetuoso con las necesidades reales de los estudiantes para aprender matemáticas. En la primera parte se presenta la fundamentación del enfoque, que se sustenta en tres pilares interrelacionados: la perspectiva sociocultural del aprendizaje humano, el modelo de formación realista-reflexivo y la educación matemática realista; en la segunda parte se describe el enfoque, que se refiere a una secuencia de enseñanza intencionada que contempla tres niveles: 1) enseñanza en contextos informales (el entorno inmediato, los materiales manipulativos y los juegos); 2) enseñanza en contextos intermedios (recursos literarios y tecnológicos), y 3) enseñanza en contextos formales (recursos gráficos); finalmente, en la tercera parte se ejemplifica dicho enfoque con un itinerario de enseñanza del álgebra temprana para estudiantes de 3 a 12 años. Se concluye que la implementación de este enfoque requiere un amplio dominio de conocimientos didáctico-disciplinares, lo que implica un esfuerzo importante por parte de todos los agentes implicados en la formación del profesorado para que así, todo aquel profesional preocupado por mejorar su práctica docente y adaptarla a las exigencias del siglo XXI, pueda tener acceso a estos conocimientos. Referencias Alsina, Á. (2004). Barrinem? Matemàtiques amb jocs i problemes. Lògica 3. Cataluña: Edicions l'Àlber, S.L. Alsina, Á. (2010). La “pirámide de la educación matemática”, una herramienta para ayudar a desarrollar la competencia matemática. Aula de Innovación Educativa, 189, 12-16. Recuperado desde https://dugi-doc.udg.edu//bitstream/handle/10256/9481/PiramideEducacion.pdf Alsina, Á. (2018). Seis lecciones de educación matemática en tiempos de cambio: itinerarios didácticos para aprender más y mejor. Padres y Maestros, 376, 13-20. Alsina, Á. (2019a). La educación matemática infantil en España: ¿qué falta por hacer? Números. Revista de Didáctica de las Matemáticas, 100, 85-108. Recuperado desde http://www.sinewton.org/numeros/numeros/80/Volumen_80.pdf Alsina, Á. (2019b). Hacia una formación transformadora de futuros maestros de matemáticas: avances de investigación desde el modelo realista-reflexivo. Uni-pluriversidad, 19(2), 60-79. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.unipluri.19.2.05 Alsina, Á. (2019c). Itinerarios didácticos para la enseñanza de las matemáticas (6-12 años). Barcelona: Editorial Graó. Alsina, Á. (2019d). Del razonamiento lógico-matemático al álgebra temprana en Educación Infantil. Edma 0-6: Educación Matemática en la Infancia, 8(1), 1-19. Recuperado desde https://www.edma0-6.es/index.php/edma0-6/article/view/70 Alsina, Á., y Domingo, M. (2010). Idoneidad didáctica de un protocolo sociocultural de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Revista Latinoamericana de Investigación en Matemática Educativa, 13(1), 7-32. Recuperado desde http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-24362010000100002&lng=es&tlng=es. Alsina, Á., Novo, M. L., y Moreno, A. (2016). Redescubriendo el entorno con ojos matemáticos: Aprendizaje realista de la geometría en Educación Infantil. Edma 0-6: Educación Matemática en la Infancia, 5(1), 1-20. Recuperado desde http://funes.uniandes.edu.co/8423/ Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2015). The Australian Curriculum: Mathematics. Recuperado desde http://v7-5.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Curriculum/Overview Azcarate, P., y Serradó, A. (2006). Tendencias didácticas en los libros de texto de matemáticas para la ESO. Revista de Educación, 340, 341-378. http://hdl.handle.net/11162/68967 Cardet, N. (2009). Els cigrons i la matemàtica. Suplement Guixdos, 156, 1-15. De Corte, E., Greer, B., y Verschaffel, L. (1996): Mathematics Teaching and Learning. En D. Berliner, y C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of Educational Psychology (pp. 491-549). Nueva York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan. Esteve, O., y Alsina, Á. (2010). Hacia el desarrollo de la competencia profesional del profesorado. En O. Esteve, K. Melief, y Á. Alsina (Eds.), Creando mi profesión. Una propuesta para el desarrollo profesional del profesorado (pp. 7-18). Barcelona: Editorial Octaedro. Fauzan, A., Plomp, T., y Slettenhaar, D. (2002). Traditional mathematics education vs. realistic mathematics education: Hoping for Changes. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Mathematics Education and Society Conference (pp. 1‐4). Copenhagen: Centre for Research in Learning Mathematics. Freudenthal, H. (1991). Revisiting mathematics education. Dordrectht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Gómez, B. (2001). La justificación de la regla de los signos en los libros de texto: ¿por qué menos por menos es más? En P. Gómez, y L. Rico (Eds.), Iniciación a la investigación en didáctica de la matemática. Homenaje al profesor Mauricio Castro (pp. 257-275). Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada. Hargreaves, A., Earl, L., Moore, S., y Manning, S. (2001). Aprender a cambiar. La enseñanza más allá de las materias y los niveles. Barcelona: Editorial Octaedro. Heuvel‐Panhuizen, M. (2002). Realistic mathematics education as work in progress. En F. L. Lin (Ed.), Common sense in mathematics education. Proceedings of 2001 The Netherlands and Taiwan Conference on Mathematics Education (pp. 1‐43). Taiwan: National Taiwan Normal University. Ivic, I. (1994). Lev Semionovick Vygotsky (1896-1934). Perspectivas: Revista Internacional de Educación Comparada, 34 (3-4), 773-799. Recuperado desde http://www.ibe.unesco.org/es/recursos/perspectivas-revista-trimestral-de-educaci%C3%B3n-comparada Korthagen, F. A. (2001). Linking practice and theory. The pedagogy of realistic teacher education. Londres: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lerman, S. (2000). The social turn in mathematics education research. En J. Boaler (Ed.), Multiple perspectives on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 19-44), Westport, CT: Ablex. Lerman, S. (2001). The function of discourse in teaching and learning mathematics: a research perspective. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 46(1-3), 87-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48085-9_3 Llinares, S. (2008). Agendas de investigación en Educación Matemática en España. Una aproximación desde “ISI-web of knowledge” y ERIH. En R. Luengo, B. Gómez, M. Camacho, y L. J. Blanco (Eds.), Investigación en Educación Matemática XII (pp. 25-54). Badajoz: SEIEM. Melief, K., Tigchelaar, A., y Korthagen, K. (2010). Aprender de la práctica. En O. Esteve, K. Melief, y Á. Alsina (Eds.), Creando mi profesión. Una propuesta para el desarrollo profesional del profesorado (pp. 19-38). Barcelona: Octaedro. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, VA: Autor. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2006). Curriculum Focal Points for Prekindergarten through Grade 8 Mathematics: a quest for coherence. Reston, V.A.: Autor. Ministry of Education of New Zealand (2017). Te Whāriki: Early Childhood Curriculum. Wellington: Autor. Ministry of Education of Singapore. (2013). Nurturing Early Learners: A Curriculum for Kindergartens in Singapore: Numeracy: Volume 6. Singapore: Autor. Olmos, G., y Alsina, Á. (2010). El uso de cuadernos de actividades para aprender matemáticas en educación infantil. Aula de Infantil, 53, 38-41. Schmittau, J. (2004). Vygostkian theory and mathematics education: Resolving the conceptual-procedural dichotomy. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29(1), 19-43. Stacey, K., y Chick, H. (2004). Solving the problem with algebra. En K. Stacey, H. Chick, y M. Kendal (Eds.), The Future of Teaching and Learning of Algebra. The 12th ICMI Study (pp. 1-20). Boston: Kluwer. Tigchelaar, A., Melief, K., Van Rijswijk, M., y Korthagen, K. (2010). Elementos de una posible estructura del aprendizaje realista en la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado. En O. Esteve, K. Melief, y Á. Alsina (Eds.), Creando mi profesión. Una propuesta para el desarrollo profesional del profesorado (pp. 39-64). Barcelona: Octaedro. Torra, M. (2012). Patrones matemáticos en los cuentos. Cuadernos de Pedagogía, 421, 56-58. Recuperado desde http://www.cuadernosdepedagogia.com/content/Inicio.aspx Treffers, A. (1987). Three Dimensions. A Model of Goal and Theory Description in Mathematics Instruction - The Wiskobas Project. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company. Vásquez, C., y Alsina, Á. (2015). Un modelo para el análisis de objetos matemáticos en libros de texto chilenos: situaciones problemáticas, lenguaje y conceptos sobre probabilidad. Profesorado, Revista de currículum y formación del profesorado, 19(2), 441-462. Recuperado desde https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5294556 Vásquez, C., y Alsina, Á. (2017). Proposiciones, procedimientos y argumentos sobre probabilidad en libros de texto chilenos de educación primaria. Profesorado, Revista de currículum y formación del profesorado, 21(1), 433-457. Recuperado desde https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/567/56750681022.pdf Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wertsch, J. V. (1985). Vygotsky y la formación social de la mente. Barcelona: Paidós. Wertsch, J. V. (1991). Voces de la mente. Un enfoque sociocultural para el estudio de la acción mediada. Madrid: Aprendizaje Visor. Financiamiento: FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España. Agencia Estatal de Investigación Proyecto EDU2017-84979-R

Despite widespread interest in the ‘Barcelona Model’ of urban planning and architecture as of late, little is known about the city's historical development. This article suggests as a remedy more concerted efforts in comparative history. Comparison with other cities reveals three anomalies: the condition of ex-capitality; a distinctive focus on civil society as the leading dynamic in the city's evolution; and a self-image as a classic ‘second city’, that is, an economic as opposed to political centre. The essay closes with suggestions for future research, and stresses the need for a specifically cultural approach to the urban past.

El ejercicio literario que realiza María Mínguez Arias en Nombrar el cuerpo demuestra cómo la convivencia con una misma, con nuestro pasado, presente y futuro siempre supone una oportunidad para conocernos como mujeres de una manera más íntima. Mínguez reflexiona en 2020, en el momento de cumplir 50 años, sobre el concepto de la aceptación personal. En primer lugar, acepta ser mujer, queer, hija y escritora. Además, integra la fórmula que ha encontrado para manejar de forma satisfactoria su doble nacionalidad estadounidense y española: se convierte en una nepantlera siguiendo el modelo de la gran Gloria Anzaldúa. Reconoce como suya esa vivencia entre dos mundos, en el espacio intermedio en el que convergen y se transforman las experiencias recogidas en los otros dos. De hecho, la publicación ha visto la luz en España con la editorial Egales con la que ya publicara Patricia sigue aquí en 2018 y en Estados Unidos con El BeiSmAn Press.

This special issue presents seven papers that are revised and expanded versions of papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on "Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence" (MDAI). This conference, that took place in Tsukuba (Japan) in July 2005, was the second of the series of MDAI conferences that were initiated in 2004 in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). In April 2006, the third edition was held in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) and the fourth one is planned in Kitakyushu (Japan) in August 2007. These series of conferences were initiated to foster the use of decision related tools as well as information fusion technologies within artificial intelligence applications. In this issue, we present enhanced version of seven papers presented in the conference. The first paper describes a tool that uses fuzzy logic and neural networks for assigning a treatment to rheumatism. The selection of the appropriate treatment follows oriental medicine. The second paper by Wanyama and Far describes a tool for trade-off analysis to be used in those situations related with decision making in which there is no dominant solution. The third paper is devoted to autonomous mobile robots. The authors describe a multi-layered fuzzy control system for the self-localization of the robot. Two papers devoted to fuzzy clustering follow in this issue. First, one that presents a regularization approach with nonlinear membership weights. One of the proposed methods makes not only possible to perform attraction of data to clusters but also repulsion between different clusters. The second paper on clustering proposes the simultaneous application of homogeneity analysis and fuzzy clustering through the consideration of an appropriate objective function that includes two types of memberships. The sixth paper presents a tool for e-mail classification. The tool brings the name of FIS-CRM that stands for Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy Conceptual Representation Model. The issue finishes with a paper on meta-heuristic algorithms for a class of container loading problems. To finish this introduction, we would like to thank the referees for their work on the review process as well as to thank Prof. Hirota, Editor-in-Chief of this journal, for providing us with the opportunity to edit this special issue. The help of Kazuki Ohmori and Kenta Uchino from Fuji Technology Press Ltd. is also acknowledged.

The strength and deformation behaviors of unsaturated soil can be approximately described by elasto-plastic constitutive model that was proved by abundance academic and test researches. The Barcelona elastic-plastic model is an excellent model that can simulate the strength and deformation of unsaturated soil. But their calculated result of shear strength is low. So an improved Barcelona model is settled by using drop-shaped shear yield surface and hardening theory of dual stress. The results show that the improved model can more accurately predict the strength and deformation behaviors of unsaturated soil under suction-controlled triaxial compression stress states.

For decades, the city has created food models by requiring the countryside to meet the growing demand with increasingly more homologated crop reconversions and increasingly vast and competitive farms. The current acceleration of the land concentration process and the dramatic experience of the COVID 19 pandemic have, however, forced us to redefine the city-country relationship, which has been called into question for some years now in various FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and EU (European Union) documents. Based on the GECOAGRI-LANDITALY (Comparative Geography of Agricultural Areas European and non-European) survey itinerary, a proven tool for reading local peculiarities, the authors show how easy it is to recognize which farmlands can best fulfil the role of guaranteeing food safety and protecting the quality and typicality of traditional foods. The final proposal is to start a new agri-food policy that no longer starts from the demand formulated by the city but, reversing the direction of the old relationship, it starts from the availability of products offered by the countryside to re-educate consumption and promote the sustainability of agricultural practices.

A new and externally validated MRI-PM for csPCa was developed in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, and a web-RC designed with the new option of selecting the csPCa probability threshold. The development cohort comprised 1486 men scheduled to undergo a 3-tesla multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and guided and/or systematic biopsies in one academic institution of Barcelona. The external validation cohort comprised 946 men in whom the same diagnostic approach was carried out as in the development cohort, in two other academic institutions of the same metropolitan area. CsPCa was detected in 36.9% of men in the development cohort and 40.8% in the external validation cohort (p = 0.054). The area under the curve of mpMRI increased from 0.842 to 0.897 in the developed MRI-PM (p < 0.001), and from 0.743 to 0.858 in the external validation cohort (p < 0.001). A selected 15% threshold avoided 40.1% of prostate biopsies and missed 5.4% of the 36.9% csPCa detected in the development cohort. In men with PI-RADS <3, 4.3% would be biopsied and 32.3% of all existing 4.2% of csPCa would be detected. In men with PI-RADS 3, 62% of prostate biopsies would be avoided and 28% of all existing 12.4% of csPCa would be undetected. In men with PI-RADS 4, 4% of prostate biopsies would be avoided and 0.6% of all existing 43.1% of csPCa would be undetected. In men with PI-RADS 5, 0.6% of prostate biopsies would be avoided and none of the existing 42.0% of csPCa would be undetected. The Barcelona MRI-PM presented good performance on the overall population; however, its clinical usefulness varied regarding the PI-RADS category. The selection of csPCa probability thresholds in the designed RC may facilitate external validation and outperformance of MRI-PMs in specific PI-RADS categories.

Pollen allergenicity plays an important role on human health and wellness. It is thus of large public interest to increase our knowledge of pollen grain behavior in the atmosphere (source, emission, processes involved during their transport, etc.) at fine temporal and spatial scales. First simulations with the Barcelona Supercomputing Center NMMB/BSC-CTM model of Platanus and Pinus dispersion in the atmosphere were performed during a 5-day pollination event observed in Barcelona, Spain, between 27 – 31 March, 2015. The simulations are compared to vertical profiles measured with the continuous Barcelona Micro Pulse Lidar system. First results show that the vertical distribution is well reproduced by the model in shape, but not in intensity, the model largely underestimating in the afternoon. Guidelines are proposed to improve the dispersion of airborne pollen by numerical prediction models.

The Barcelona model is one of the most widespread models used in the nonlinear finite element method for simulating the real behavior of concrete. The strong robustness of this model can be attributed to two main reasons, the first one being its ability to account for the elastic stiffness degradation induced by plastic straining and the second one the aptness of considering the stiffness recovery effects under cyclic loading. This model was examined in the paper by comparing the generated stress–strain diagrams with several analytical solutions from the literature. The comparing process in the compression and tension cases with the closed-form solutions of Desayi, Krätzig, Lubliner and Thorenfeldt proved that the Barcelona model provided identical outcomes with Lubliner’s formula, which was used as the hardening function in the finite element implementation of this model. What is more, this model provided the same curves in case of the others in the ascending branches, and for the descending branch, this study proved that the outcomes of the Barcelona model are completely different from the ones of Desayi in the compression case and slightly similar to Thorenfeldt’s curves in the tension case.

Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) are a nonprofit model for the supply of cannabis originating in Spain. This article aims to provide an overview of current CSC practices in Barcelona, exploring the role played by CSC Federations in shaping them. This analysis draws on 32 semistructured interviews with CSC managers ( n = 15) and with other stakeholders in Barcelona ( n = 17). We build also on field observations at other CSCs based in Barcelona. We found a heterogeneity of CSC practices, some of which were not in line with the self-regulatory codes developed by the CSC Federations. In applying an earlier CSC typology, we identified also country-specific CSC features. While the CSC Federations have contributed to unifying the cannabis movement and made efforts to homogenize CSCs’ practices, in the absence of (government) cannabis regulation, their efforts have to some extent been undermined.

Aquest article analitza diferents maneres d'utilitzar l'art en el context penitenciari. L'observació es va fer en el Centre Penitenciari La Model de Barcelona abans i després del seu tancament a l’any 2017, i en el centre de Brians que va assumir el rol de la Model com a centre de preventius de Barcelona. Són objecte de reflexió en aquest article l’art útil que remeia deficiències arquitectòniques, l'art utilitzat per l'administració com a eina de rehabilitació i l'art prohibit manifestat en tatuatges, pintades i altres formes d'expressió que representen actes de resistència al control institucional.

Nowadays, lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) is increasingly being used for structural purposes. Physical and mechanical properties of LFC are unlike the properties of traditional concrete thus constitutive models for concrete may not be used directly to describe its the fracture behavior. The paper presents an attempt to adapt the elastoplastic model with degradation known as Barcelona model for this purpose. The constitutive model is traditionally used for non-linear analyses of concrete and masonry structures. However, when it is used to describe behavior of non-traditional material such as foamed concrete, its parameters must be calibrated. Moreover, the results from Barcelona model are compared with XFEM method of modeling discontinuities in materials. The results of numerical simulations of three-point bending foamed beam with an initial notch are presented.

This paper describes a two year project, funded by the European Union, to develop a methodology for improving energy management in the urban environment, with the aid of a computer model. The methodology was applied to two urban regions: the city of Leicester in UK; and Cerdanyola, part of the Area Metropolitana de Barcelona, in Spain (Boyle, 1994b). The Energy and Environment Research Unit at the Open University carried out the initial model development and applied the model to Leicester, whilst the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona applied the model to Cerdanyola. The model that was developed as part of this project is discussed, with particular emphasis on the modelling process. The paper then goes on to discuss the application of the model to the city of Leicester, and the results obtained from the model describing the energy demand and supply patterns of Leicester for the years 1984 to 1994. A comparison is made between the energy demand and supply patterns of Leicester and the UK for 1990.

Abstract. The overdevelopment of cities since the industrial revolution has shown the need to incorporate a sound geological knowledge in the management of required subsurface infrastructures and in the assessment of increasingly needed groundwater resources. Additionally, the scarcity of outcrops and the technical difficulty to conduct underground exploration in urban areas highlights the importance of implementing efficient management plans that deal with the legacy of heterogeneous subsurface information. To deal with these difficulties, a methodology has been proposed to integrate all the available spatio-temporal data into a comprehensive spatial database and a set of tools that facilitates the analysis and processing of the existing and newly added data for the city of Barcelona (NE Spain). Here we present the resulting actual subsurface 3-D geological model that incorporates and articulates all the information stored in the database. The methodology applied to Barcelona benefited from a good collaboration between administrative bodies and researchers that enabled the realization of a comprehensive geological database despite logistic difficulties. Currently, the public administration and also private sectors both benefit from the geological understanding acquired in the city of Barcelona, for example, when preparing the hydrogeological models used in groundwater assessment plans. The methodology further facilitates the continuous incorporation of new data in the implementation and sustainable management of urban groundwater, and also contributes to significantly reducing the costs of new infrastructures.

Abstract: Globalisation urges governments to address equality in access to public services. Even though Public Service Interpreting (PSI) helps allophones to overcome the breach in communication, such services need a solid, organised structure to effectively respond to the current linguistic needs. This article presents the results of a comparative study of the healthcare interpreting services provided in Barcelona and Montreal which, by applying an indirect method of observation (interviews) to examine the aforementioned services, describes the existing PSI structures and organisations as narrated by their managers. Our conclusions draw attention to certain aspects of Barcelona’s interpreting services which, should they be modified, could be beneficial. Finally, the interpreters bank model settled in Montreal (and throughout Quebec) is suggested as a role model for Barcelona, that could contribute to structuring PSI services in Europe.Resumen: La globalización insta a los gobiernos a abordar el problema de la igualdad de acceso a los servicios públicos. Si bien los servicios de Interpretación en los Servicios Públicos (ISP) ayudan a los alófonos a vencer barreras comunicativas, estos necesitan una estructura sólida organizada para responder con eficacia a las necesidades lingüísticas actuales. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio comparativo de los servicios de interpretación médica de Barcelona y Montreal que, mediante la aplicación de un método de observación indirecto (entrevistas), examina los servicios mencionados, describiendo las estructuras y organizaciones existentes tal y como las definen sus propios gestores. Las conclusiones se centran en aspectos de los servicios de interpretación de Barcelona que convendría modificar y sugieren el modelo de banco de intérpretes instaurado en la provincia de Quebec como un ejemplo a seguir en Barcelona, que podría contribuir a la estructuración de servicios de ISP en Europa.

This article reveals the process of becoming a “smart city” based on the materials of Barcelona. The socio-political aspects of the use of “smart city” technologies in the information and communication era are revealed.The authors use of the system method made it possible to study the technologies of the “smart city” in aggregate, and the use of the comparative method made it possible to establish the specifics of the development of Barcelona during the tenure of Mayor Xavier Trias and Ada Colau. The authors draw attention to the reasons for the recognition of the capital of Catalonia as the most high-tech city in the world in 2015. It is emphasized that Barcelona has made a rapid breakthrough in a relatively short period of time, turning into a post-industrial city. It is noted that the driver of Barcelona’s transformation was the holding of the XXV Summer Olympic Games in 1992, which essentially changed the appearance of the city.The authors point to the additional opportunities in city management that the information and communication revolution led to and the speed of the Internet penetration rate. It is emphasized that information and communication technologies led to the transformation of a rigidly vertical bureaucratic system of exercising power and set the vector of its transition to a horizontal (network model) based on the effects of high technologies.It is noted that the modern model of exercising power in Barcelona presupposes the active involvement of citizens in the processes of city management, based on the use of technological platforms that simplify coworking processes.As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the contemporary paradigm of the “smart city” involves the involvement of citizens as active participants in decisionmaking and planning. Attention is focused on the formation of two models of urban governance in Barcelona, differing in the dynamics of the exercise of power and the prevalence of tendencies from “top to bottom” (mayors of the city of K. Trias) and from “bottom to top” (mayor of the city A. Colau). The authors emphasize that modern Barcelona is not only a flagship of technological development, but also a city with democratic traditions and a high level of humancentered orientation.

The main purpose of this paper is to determine the yield function F of the Barcelona Expansive Model and its partial derivatives with respect to the stress vector σ, the suction s and the hardening parameter χ. These results are important by the fact that they are used to solve the elastoplastic problem of unsaturated expansive soils.

The popularity of the Barcelona basic model (BBM) has grown steadily since its publication in 1990, due to its ability to capture key aspects of unsaturated soil behaviour. Nevertheless, the BBM is still rarely employed by practitioners, partly because of the absence of simple and objective methods for selecting parameter values from laboratory tests. One difficulty is that, in the BBM, individual aspects of the isotropic virgin behaviour are controlled by multiple parameters, while at the same time a single parameter controls more than one aspect of soil behaviour. This has led to iterative procedures where parameter values are adjusted in turn to match experiments, which requires significant experience and can lead to the selection of widely varying parameter values depending on the user. The proposed method streamlines parameter selection with a view to increasing the appeal of the BBM for practitioners. The method adopts a “sequential” procedure where the five parameters governing isotropic virgin behaviour are matched to degrees of freedom in the BBM, which are then fixed one at a time, in a specific order, without any assumption about other parameters. The simplicity and reduced subjectivity of the method in comparison with iterative procedures is demonstrated by selecting parameter values from laboratory tests.

This paper implemented the Barcelona basic model (BBM) into the OpenGeoSys (OGS) platform for numerical modeling of the coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) behavior of unsaturated soil. Within the implicit integration approach in the OGS, the integration rule of the BBM was developed first and the integration form of the BBM under a return mapping algorithm was built. The closest point projection method was used for calculating the return mapping directions with the associative flow rule. The numerical simulation results show that the BBM is feasible in fitting the experimental results. The numerical integration algorithm can reflect the elastic–plastic mechanical behavior of materials, and improve the calculation accuracy. The material exhibits obvious elastic–plastic characteristics during numerical simulation and experiment, and the water absorption process can lessen the mixture’s compression stiffness while enhancing its recovery stiffness.

Purpose – Cities all over the world rebrand themselves in order to refresh their image and attract/continue attracting tourists, industry or whichever group they hope to engage. Cities have tended to rebrand themselves based on varied social events and festivals such as fashion (Milan), food and beverages (Munich), folklore dancing (Rio de Janeiro), film (Cannes) and many more. The most powerful platform for rebranding a city is hosting the Olympic Games. Despite the fact that many city planners and decision-makers tend to perceive the Olympic Games as the highest yielding investment for reinforcing a city image, in the last three decades many host cities have lost millions of dollars, with this rare opportunity to leverage their city's image becoming one big fiasco. The aim of this paper is to present the key rules for making hosting the Olympic Games a very profitable business, in terms of reinforcing the city image. Design/methodology/approach – Since some host cities are more established in economic terms and some are less, two different approaches (the “Barcelona model” and the “London model”) are discussed. Findings – The Barcelona model shows how a city can leverage its image, based on the Olympic Games, to become more familiar to millions of potential tourists, and the London model shows how an entire country can also profit from the fact that its capital is hosting the Olympic Games. Originality/value – The Barcelona model shows how a city can leverage its image, based on the Olympic Games, to become more familiar to millions of potential tourists, and the London model shows how an entire country can also profit from the fact that its capital is hosting the Olympic Games.

This study examines the effect of familiarity on information sources and the length of stay in a destination, and how these concepts, in turn, affect the image perception model. Data was collected from 603 structured personal interviews carried out in Barcelona (Spain) and structural equation modelling methodology was used to test the hypotheses. Results show that tourists familiar with Barcelona are less likely to consult tourist information. The paper also presents evidence to suggest that the length of stay is the same whether tourists are familiar with the destination or not. Furthermore, we argue that tourist satisfaction is influenced by both cognitive and affective evaluations and that information sources partially influence cognitive evaluations, affective evaluations length of stay and satisfaction. Until now literature has only indicated a tentative relationship between length of stay and destination image, however the outcomes of this study prove that the length of stay in a destination alters its tourism image.

This paper presents an action-research project aiming at improving the performance of “just-in-time, just-in-sequence” auto parts manufacturing and delivery in three tier-1 suppliers of the Nissan plant in Barcelona. This research was conducted at the Barcelona School of Engineering (ETSEIB) and promoted by the Nissan factory in Barcelona. In this paper, first, the concept of synchronous manufacturing is explored. After several improvement ideas are spotted within the Nissan plant, the paper focuses on the suppliers. An intervention approach is proposed. Suppliers are categorized and selected suppliers are analyzed (by means of three case studies, each one corresponding to a different type of supplier). This research contributes to understanding how synchronous manufacturing and delivery can be extended to suppliers and the existing drawbacks. The critical variables in synchronous manufacturing and delivery and the relations between them are identified in a conceptual model termed the M-S Model. Implications for suppliers are derived, allowing us to improve the performance of the whole synchronous manufacturing system. A piece of software is developed to help companies schedule a smooth flow of components, making synchronous manufacturing easier. Results may help decision makers develop a supply management system, including policies, procedures and the necessary resource deployment.

This is a methodology testing study that uses the case history of Vale Mining’s Brumadinho Dam disaster and data from the Barcelona investigation report. This study aims to compare the results of two constitutive models for tailings: CASM and NorSand, running in the finite element program Plaxis 2D. The same senior authors carried out a previous study on four tailings dams and adopted the NorSand model and parameters obtained from piezocone and laboratory tests. Therefore, this paper aims to check if the same methodology would predict the Brumadinho Dam failure. The results show that both methods can predict Brumadinho failure, and the triggering mechanism suggested in the Barcelona report seems to be the cause of failure.