Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "(Premonstratensian monastery)"

This paper presents the names adopted by monks of the (canonical) Premonstratensian Order at Jászóvár during the 19th century, after the 1802 restitution of the Order. It gives a brief introduction to the history of the Premonstratensianian Provostship at Jászóvár, and discusses events that happened before the abolition and after the restitution of the monastery. The paper lists the names adopted by the monks; shows the characteristics of the naming/name-choosing processes, focusing on motivational factors; and classifies the monastic names by their origins and by their semantic features. The study highlights the importance of choosing monastic names after the founder and the saints of the Order.

The paper reads the meanings contained in the language of the seventeenth century prayer entitled Devotion or Greetings to Blessed Bronisława. The text of the prayer comes from the manuscript prayer book held in the convent of the Norbertine nuns in Krakow in Zwierzyniec. The analysis showed that both the structure of the text and the meanings embedded in its linguistic layer do not differ from the prayers created in the circle of the Premonstratensian monastery. The text represents a prayer of petition addressed to God through Bronisława’s intercession for the necessary favors for the congregation, which will allow the nuns to imitate the life and virtues of Blessed Bronisława.

This article is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Ignác Antonín Hrdina, who passed away on 22 April 2022. During the communist period in Czechoslovakia, when he was not permitted to complete his theological studies, he worked a civilian job as a lawyer. At the same time, however, he secretly entered the Premonstratensian Order and was covertly ordained as a priest in Krakow, Poland. What he was prevented from doing in the first part of his life, however, was fully developed after 1989, when he emerged from the underground to continue his spiritual work. He was involved in the renewal of monastic life at Strahov Monastery in Prague, where he served for many years as a parish priest and rector of the basilica. At the same time, he developed his academic career at the Faculty of Theology of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, the Faculty of Law of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen and the Catholic Theological Faculty of Charles University in Prague. With his passing, the Church in Czech republic and the academic community have lost their leading expert on canon law; however, he did leave behind him a number of specialised publications that will continue to benefit future generations.

The study surveys the investigations carried out since the publication of the author’s Kracker monograph (Budapest, 2004, in German 2005), and rectifies certain data and the oeuvre catalogue in the book at several loci. New findings are mainly contributed by the Czech Republic: Václav Mílek and Tomáš Valeš explored archival data in Nová Riše and Znojmo, which add to the currently elaborated register entries studied in Vienna and to a lesser extent in Jászó (Jasov, SK). The latter shed light on the network of social relations of the known family of artists, and lead – by virtue of Johann Lucas Kracker’s sculptor father and sculptor stepfather – from Johann Lucas Hildebrandt via relatives employed in the court to the circle of the provincial chief architect Franz Anton Pilgram. The painter got married in Znojmo in the summer of 1749, where he settled, presumably helped by his painter brother-in-law many years his senior, Dominic Clausner; perhaps it was he who mediated him to the Premonstratensians. Based on archival data, Tomáš Valeš attributed two upper pictures of the Capuchine high altar to Franz Xaver Karl Palko from among so-far defined Znojmo works of Kracker, while Petr Arijčuk has discovered several ensembles of paintings convincingly attributed to Kracker in the Moravian region. These works display the strong influence of Paul Troger.The Pauline church of pilgrimage at Sasvár (Šaštin, SK) was renovated by favour of the Habsburgs; its fresco decoration was entrusted to Viennese court artists: the figure painter of the composition signed by Joseph Chamant was Joseph Ignaz Mildorfer. In the summer of 1757 Kracker delivered two (signed) altar pictures for the pair of chapels in the middle and, in my view – contradicting somewhat the Mildorfer monograph – decorated their lateral walls in grisaille and on the ceilings of the first pair from the sanctuary he painted frescoes of hovering angels. Portraits by Kracker are also known from this period: the imaginary portrait of King of Hungary Béla IV, preserved by the Fáy family since the suppression of the Premonstratensian monastery in Jászó, has recently been identified by researcher of the family genealogy Tünde Fáy. A fine bust of a Moravian noblewoman signed in 1751 has cropped up in Rome’s art trade.Kracker arrived in Eger from Jászó in the autumn of 1764, only for an occasion. His first job was to decorate the bishop’s private chapel in Eger: the fresco of the resurrected Christ perished in the 19th century. Its only visual trace is a water colour copy signed in 1816 and inscribed by Franz Hauptmann, which was rediscovered after long latency and put on display in 2017 by Petra Köves-Kárai. In 1767 Kracker was working for the Premonstratensians in Geras again from Znojmo: in that year he signed the fresco of the parish church of nearby Japons and decorated that votive chapel at Elsern (the frescoes of the latter perished during reconstructions). Sharing the opinion of Wilhelm Georg Rizzi, the book of 2004 disputed that the presbytery ceiling of Japons was Kracker’s work and thus it was included as the work of Paul Troger in the monograph of the Tirolean painter published in 2012. However, the sources published by Rizzi in 2011 are not convincing enough; the homogeneity of the decoration suggests the authorship of Kracker in all four bays, I think.The largest increment has been added to Kracker’s graphic oeuvre. Thanks to Tamás Szabó, we know increasingly more of the historical provenance of the Szeged collection of drawings, including the key role of a Szeged painter Ferenc Joó’s studies in Eger. He also directed attention to Joó’s friend from Tiszafüred, painter and graphic artist Menyhért Gábriel who also studied in Vienna and copied works in the archiepiscopal gallery in Eger, and to his estate in Debrecen. That latter contains 144 sheets. Amidst the engravings and 19th century drawings the baroque drawings clearly emerge as a separate group, most of which – 12 compositions – proved to be by Kracker. In addition to the first sketch of the Jászó high altar, the St Sophia praedella picture of the St Anne side altar in the Minorite church of Eger can be accurately identified; an Assumption picture is conditionally associated with the high altar picture of 1774 in the parish church of Besztercebánya (Banská Bystrica, SK). No models of the St Augustine and St John Nepumecene drawings are known, and another two sheets together with a sheet in Szeged lead to the altar pictures in the church of Olaszliszka, but they must have been painted after Kracker’s death, in his workshop. A coherent series copied the ceiling fresco of the refectory in the Praemonstratensian monastery of Geras, painted by Troger in 1738. The quality of draughts-manship is outstanding, coming close to the model.Together with the baroque drawings, some old copperplate engravings also got into the museums of Szeged and Debrecen. It cannot be excluded that they can also be traced to Eger and they might have been pieces of Kracker’s collection. No inventory survives of Kracker’s estate but when his pupil Johann Zirkler died, a great amount of drawings and prints were inventoried which he might have inherited from his master. For lack of concrete correspondences this provenance cannot be proven, but in another way – by defining the graphic antecedents to Kracker works – we have compiled a virtual collection of the painter’s models. The revised catalogue of Johann Lucas Kracker’s drawings is appended to the study.

The issue of the research of parchment fragments with the notation: two probes – two paths Loose fragments of reused parchment from the Royal Canonry of Premonstratensians at Strahov and a selection of book bindings from the library of the Franciscan Monastery at Our Lady of the Snows in Prague represent two different sources. During their interpretation, emphasis was placed on similar aspects (e.g. uniform recording structure, similar musicological breakdown) as well as the specifics of the fragments.

Gardening was an important part of the daily duties within several of the religious orders in Europe during the Middle Ages. The rule of Saint Benedict specified that the monastery should, if possible, contain a garden within itself, and before and above all things, special care should be taken of the sick, so that they may be served in very deed, as Christ himself. The cultivation of medicinal and utility plants was important to meet the material needs of the monastic institutions, but no physical garden has yet been found and excavated in either Scandinavia or Iceland. The Cistercians were particularly well known for being pioneer gardeners, but other orders like the Benedictines and Augustinians also practised gardening. The monasteries and nunneries operating in Iceland during medieval times are assumed to have belonged to either the Augustinian or the Benedictine orders. In Norway, some of the orders were the Dominicans, Fransiscans, Premonstratensians and Knights Hospitallers. Based on botanical investigations at all the Icelandic and Norwegian monastery sites, it is concluded that many of the plants found may have a medieval past as medicinal and utility plants and, with all the evidence combined, they were most probably cultivated in monastery gardens.

One of the exceptionally interesting examples of a living biblical tradition, maintained by Christian, Muslim and Jewish pilgrims for over sixteen hundred years, is the history of St. Samuel monastery on the Mount of Joy. The shrine was founded in the Byzantine period, but its heyday falls on the period of the Crusades. It was from here, after the murderous journey, that the troops of the First Crusade saw Jerusalem for the first time. The knights were followed by more and more pilgrims. On the hill, called Mons Gaudii, the Premonstratensians built their monastery, which in time became a real pilgrimage center. Based on the preserved traces, the author reconstructs the Christian chapters of the history of Nabi Samuel. He recalls people, events and traditions related to it, and also the accounts of pilgrims coming here.Christians left the Mons Gaudii probably at the end of the 12th century. Worship of the prophet Samuel were taken over by Muslims and Jews. For the latter the Tomb of Prophet Samuel became one of the most important places of pilgrimage, in some periods even more important than Jerusalem itself. There were numerous disputes and conflicts about holding control over this place, there were even bloody battles. In 1967 this place was taken by the Israeli army. Over time, a national park was created in the area around the mosque, in the mosque itself was established a place of prayer for Jews, and a synagogue in the tomb crypt. A slightly forgotten sanctuary began to warm up emotions anew.

The work deals with the postwar period of Monastery Teplá in the years 1945 - 1950. It records the renewal of the monastery after the war and transfer of German religious and priests. Special attention is focused on the problems with the establishment of communism in the year 1948 and impact of the communist upheaval upon the life in this monastery. It is based on the archival sources and on the witnesses testimonies. The first part introduces Premonstratensian friary in the world, the first friary information in the Czech Republic, the history and the importance of the friary. The second part deals with the Monastery Teplá itself, its founders, it represents the history and the importance of the monastery. The last part is the most comprehensive and key part of the whole work. It describes the life in the monastery at the end of the Second World War and the life of the prior H. J. Tyl.

The diploma thesis, entitled ?Milevsko. Its history, personalities and historical monuments?, is concerned with a South Bohemian town situated between Tábor and Písek, which is, unfortunately, quite neglected. It outlines the history of Milevsko from prehistory up to the present with respect to the latest research. More attention is paid to the foundation of Milevsko in the twelfth century and the Premonstratensian Monastery because it?s a national cultural monument which has a great importance for the town. The Thesis includes even other historical monuments and attractions which deserve attention. All accessible information about their origin, development, present condition and purpose are compiled in appropriate passages. Both cultural heritage of the town and contemporary relationship of town representatives to this heritage and their effort to restore and preserve it is presented on the basis of bibliography. The other part of the Thesis deals with famous and, till this time, not so famous personalities from this region. Information is obtained from witnesses to history and thanks to their witness it was possible to get less known or unpublished information. More attention was paid to famous personalities, with no monographs so far, because their benefit and importance in various fields are necessary to present and highlight.

The Beginnings of Premonstratensian Order in Bohemia. This thesis deals with the beginnings of Premonstratensian Order and their coming to Bohemia. At first, attention is devoted to the history which is briefly characterized by political, economic, and religious conditions in Bohemia in the first half of the twelfth century. The next chapter will take us through the life of St. Norbert, his conversion to Christianity, as well as the foundation and circumstances of the Premonstratensian Order. In this chapter, the Order's form of organisation, characteristics, and daily habits are also discussed. The subject of the fourth chapter is the establishment of the Premonstratensian Order in Bohemia. There are also discussed the persons who had the main credit for coming the Premonstratensian Order to Bohemia. It was their greatest admirer Jindrich Zdik, as well as the bishop Daniel and the provost of Steinfeld named Eberwin. The next section is dedicated to the description of the consequential creation of the first male and female monasteries in Bohemia such as Strahov, Doksany, Litomysl, Zeliv and Lounovice. There are also mentioned the first abbots and priors of these monasteries. In conclusion, there is a brief summary and evaluation of the contribution of the Premonstratensian Order.

The subject of the thesis are the documents of the canony of Teplá, as well as some aspect of the administration of the monastery in the Middle Ages, namely under the abbot Sigismund Hausmann (1459-1506). It contains, besides the introductory chapter, three main parts, treating the history of the monastery in the Middle Ages, its documents and its administration, respectively. In the introduction, the basic secondary literature and primary sources for the topic are introduced. In addition, the structure and the methodology of the thesis are outlined. The history of the canony from its foundation up to the year 1526 is given in the first part. The following turning points are chosen for the periodization: 1420, 1459, and 1507. The presentation is based mostly on primary sources and it is focused mainly on the later Middle Ages. The second section, devoted to the medieval diplomatics of the monastery, begins with the typology of the diplomatic material of the Premonstratensian canonies in Bohemia and Moravia. The treatment of the documents of Teplá is divided according to the extant types of material (charters, letters pattent, letters missive, cartularies, registers and the remaining official books). External as well as internal features of every diplomatic type are followed in three periods: to the...

The thesis deals with the mutual correspondence (with its part from the years 16641667) of a Jesuit Bohuslav Balbín (16211688) and a Premonstratensian Johannes Alois Hackenschmidt (16261683), a canon of monastery of Teplá and a secretary of abbot Rajmund Wilfert (†1670). Preserved correspondence of that time consists of 41 Balbín's and 39 Hackenschmidt's letters. Hackenschmidt was sending information of the history of monasteries of Teplá and Chotěšov and transcripts and excerpts of charters found in archives of these monasteries; Balbín was informing Hackenschmidt about the past of the Lords of Guttenstein. The thesis brings information on the life of both correspondents, summarizes the content of their correspondence and comments on their relationship. Finally, eight Balbín's and six Hackenschmidt's letters, provided by a commentary, are edited in the final part of the work.