Articoli di riviste: "Pregnancy Nutritional aspects"

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Caridad I, Capó Alonso María. "Covid 19 and Pregnancy: Aspects Related to the Nutritional Level in Pregnant Women". Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 7, n. 4 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000266.

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Introduction: Malnutrition is a health problem worldwide. The implications of this situation on maternal and child health are very serious because insufficient weight gain during pregnancy and anemia bring about Low Birth Weight, and it means an increase of morbimortality in the first year of life. Objective: To reflect basic aspects of nutrition and pregnancy for their correct handling in the health primary care. Material and Methods: A bibliographical revision was carried out by means of the consultation of databases, as MEDLINE, IBECS, Scielo, Who with the use of describers like nutrition, maternal-infantile health, anemia, under weight. Conclusion: Concrete data of great importance on the nutrition of the pregnant and their influence in the health of the same ones and the product of the gestation were given.

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Rizki P, Retno Inten, Rahayu Indriasari e Baharuddin Bahar. "Exploration of Nutritional Knowledge Aspects of Pregnant Adolescents in Javanese Ethnicity in Ponorogo Regency, East Java". Journal La Medihealtico 1, n. 6 (17 novembre 2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v1i6.181.

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Maternal health problems are one of the main indicators of health status, namely maternal mortality. Maternal mortality is still a major public health challenge around the world, including in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to explore aspects of nutritional knowledge related to healthy food, balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding and care during teenage pregnancy for Javanese ethnicity in Ponorogo, East Java. This type of research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. This research was conducted in June - July 2020. The main informants in this study were pregnant women aged 10-19 years in the working area of the Balong Community Health Center, Ponorogo Regency. The source of the informants was determined by snowball sampling. The snowball sampling technique is a form of judgment sampling. Data collection is more emphasized through in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews), namely individual dialogue with informants obtained directly from pregnant women. The results of the study of 6 informants who were teenage pregnant women in the Balong PKM work area, Ponorogo Regency, all informants had underweight nutritional status (BMI / age) and Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK). The knowledge explored in the form of: food for pregnant women, balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, risk of teenage pregnancy and pregnancy care. Based on the results of the interview, the informant said that foods that are good for pregnant women to consume are fruits, vegetables, milk and vitamins. Regarding balanced nutrition, all informants did not know at all what balanced nutrition for care during pregnancy, the informant said there was no difference in pregnancy care except health checks at health services, treatments such as maintaining cleanliness and regular exercise.

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Dwipayanti, Ni Made Utami, e Sang Gede Purnama. "Neglected Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Aspects in Preventing Childhood Stunting". Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 10, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2022): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i2.p01.

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Approximately 165 million (25,7%) children globally experience chronic malnutrition or stunting.1 In Indonesia, 29.6% of children under five are recorded as short and very short.2 The stunting prevention framework underlines that stunting prevention needs to be carried out with a comprehensive approach targeting specific nutritional factors such as the adolescents’ and young couples’ health, pregnancy supplements, exclusive breastfeeding, child feeding, as well as sensitive nutritional factors such as food security, mental health during pregnancy, women empowerment, access to clean water and sanitation, and family health services.1

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Gimenes, Jessica Cristina, Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti, Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel, Bruno Affonso Parenti de Oliveira, Wilson Salgado Júnior, Júlio Sérgio Marchini e Carla Barbosa Nonino. "Pregnancy After Roux en Y Gastric Bypass: Nutritional and Biochemical Aspects". Obesity Surgery 27, n. 7 (19 gennaio 2017): 1815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2558-0.

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Niedbał, Zuzanna, Monika Zaborska, Weronika Ogonowska, Michał Jóźwiak e Urszula Michalik-Marcinkowska. "Selected Aspects of Nutritional Habits of Polish Women in the Preconception Period and During Pregnancy". Journal of Health Study and Medicine 2023, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jhsm-2023-0020.

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Abstract Background The diet of women in the preconception period and during pregnancy has a crucial impact on the development of the fetus and the health and metabolism of the baby. The energy requirements of a pregnant woman are higher, in addition, she should ensure an appropriate intake of particular nutrients and fluids. Folic acid supplementation is the most effective intervention in reducing congenital neural coil defects, as is stopping the consumption of alcohol and minimizing the intake of caffeinated beverages. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the dietary habits, including caffeine and alcohol consumption, of women who are pregnant or preparing to conceive a child. Material and methods The study population comprised (n=539) Polish women. An original questionnaire was used, including a metric and questions about preparation for pregnancy and dietary habits. Responses were collected via the Internet in forums for pregnant women. Results Of the total of the women surveyed, 73% said they were preparing for pregnancy. 64% of the respondents began taking folic acid supplements and 49% had started vitamin and mineral supplementation. Only 21% of women said they had changed their diet in preparation for conceiving offspring. As many as 34% of women said they themselves had adequate knowledge about nutrition during pregnancy, while 43% searched for information on this topic on the Internet. The factor that differentiated the practiced eating habits to the greatest extent was the level of education. Conclusions Despite numerous recommendations, there are still many women who do not prepare for pregnancy and do not follow preconception recommendations. A large number of Polish women with lower education still do not take folic acid. It is necessary to educate the society also about harmful effects of alcohol on the developing fetus. Knowledge should be spread with the use of social media, because women often look for information about nutritional rules on the Internet.

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Loy, See Ling, Rachael Si Xuan Loo, Keith M. Godfrey, Yap-Seng Chong, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Kok Hian Tan, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Jerry Kok Yen Chan e Fabian Yap. "Chrononutrition during Pregnancy: A Review on Maternal Night-Time Eating". Nutrients 12, n. 9 (11 settembre 2020): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092783.

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Evidence from women working night shifts during pregnancy indicates that circadian rhythm disruption has the potential to adversely influence pregnancy outcomes. In the general population, chronodisruption with the potential to affect pregnancy outcomes may also be seen in those with high energy intakes in the evening or at night. However, maternal night eating during pregnancy remains understudied. This narrative review provides an overview of the prevalence, contributing factors, nutritional aspects and health implications of night eating during pregnancy. We derived evidence based on cross-sectional studies and longitudinal cohorts. Overall, night eating is common during pregnancy, with the estimated prevalence in different populations ranging from 15% to 45%. The modern lifestyle and the presence of pregnancy symptoms contribute to night eating during pregnancy, which is likely to coexist and may interact with multiple undesirable lifestyle behaviors. Unfavorable nutritional characteristics associated with night eating have the potential to induce aberrant circadian rhythms in pregnant women, resulting in adverse metabolic and pregnancy outcomes. More research, particularly intervention studies, are needed to provide more definite information on the implications of night eating for mother-offspring health.

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Esposito, Pasquale, Giacomo Garibotto, Daniela Picciotto, Francesca Costigliolo, Francesca Viazzi e Novella Evelina Conti. "Nutritional Challenges in Pregnant Women with Renal Diseases: Relevance to Fetal Outcomes". Nutrients 12, n. 3 (24 marzo 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030873.

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Pregnancy in women affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become more common in recent years, probably as a consequence of increased CKD prevalence and improvements in the care provided to these patients. Management of this condition requires careful attention since many clinical aspects have to be taken into consideration, including the reciprocal influence of the renal disease and pregnancy, the need for adjustment of the medical treatments and the high risk of maternal and obstetric complications. Nutrition assessment and management is a crucial step in this process, since nutritional status may affect both maternal and fetal health, with potential effects also on the future development of adult diseases in the offspring. Nevertheless, few data are available on the nutritional management of pregnant women with CKD and the main clinical indications are based on small case series or are extrapolated from the general recommendations for non-pregnant CKD patients. In this review, we discuss the main issues regarding the nutritional management of pregnant women with renal diseases, including CKD patients on conservative treatment, patients on dialysis and kidney transplant patients, focusing on their relevance on fetal outcomes and considering the peculiarities of this population and the approaches that could be implemented into clinical practice.

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Zakharova, Irina N., Narine G. Sugian, Angelina A. Kosareva, Natalia V. German, Iana V. Orobinskaia e Viktoriya V. Pupykina. "Motherhood and infant feeding: Historical aspects and current practice: A review". Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum, n. 4 (18 gennaio 2023): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2022.4.201762.

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In recent years there has been a deterioration in demographic indicators: a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in adult mortality, etc., due to numerous causes. In this context, the article addresses demographic issues related to subcultures and ideologies, such as childfree. The main characteristics of people classified as rejecters, aficionados, refusers, and postponers are discussed. We present the first results of a study conducted at the Khimki regional hospital. The study included 25 pregnant women. The survey results showed that most were planning a pregnancy before 30. A survey of expectant mothers indicated a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. The article discusses the issues of breastfeeding as an essential stage in forming a child's immunity and the factors of breastfeeding success. Women's nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be diverse and rich in vitamins and micronutrients. Special maternal drinks, such as Amalthea, based on New Zealand goat milk, can benefit breastfeeding. In the absence of breast milk, the selection of formula for the baby is one of the most challenging issues. It is important that the infant formula meet the child's nutritional needs to the maximum extent possible, including the functional milk components. For instance, the Nanny formula is based on New Zealand goat milk, using a single heat treatment process without separating milk into fractions, which preserves the native functional components of goat milk (oligosaccharides, nucleotides, milk fat).

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Baraiya, A. K., K. P. Baraiya e S. H. Lakhani. "KNOWLEDGE OF HOUSEHOLD NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES AMONG FARM WOMEN IN JAMNAGAR DISTRICT OF GUJARAT". Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 2022, n. 1 (25 novembre 2022): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.si.0034.

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It is very truth the "knowledge/education cannot be divided, theft, not a burden, increase with sharing and usages". To perform active role in any activity, information being understood play an important role. Knowledge of any individual increases his/ her awareness, mental alertness makes him/her familiar or acquaint with facts, objects, concepts or practices. Knowledge about nutrition of a respondent was measured by some selected questions regarding different aspects of nutritional value of farm products. Selected farm women were middle age group (65.83%), all were married, and living in joint family (51%). Television (51.33%) and mobile (40%) were the most favorite source information among the nutritional requirement and supplementary food. Among the knowledge bout nutritional requirement they believed Consume more nutritive food in maximum quantity during pregnancy (rank first) (69%) followed by Papaya, mango and other yellow colour fruit & vegetable are the source of vitamin-A (63.67%); Seasonal fruits having sufficient and natural nutritional amount instead of off seasonal fruit (63.67%); Consume whole grains and sprouted pulses in daily diet (63%); Daily consumption of different millets (Bajari, sorghum, maize, oat, ragi, rice with husk) reduce the risk of diabetes, heart attack, obesity etc.(60.67%) and Amla and guava and other sour(Acidic) fruits are the rich sources of Vitamin C (60%) were chronologically decline the rank.

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Lemley, C. O., A. M. Meyer, T. L. Neville, D. M. Hallford, L. E. Camacho, K. R. Maddock-Carlin, T. A. Wilmoth et al. "Dietary selenium and nutritional plane alter specific aspects of maternal endocrine status during pregnancy and lactation". Domestic Animal Endocrinology 46 (gennaio 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.09.006.

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Giannubilo, Stefano Raffaele, Daniela Marzioni, Giovanni Tossetta, Ramona Montironi, Maria Liberata Meccariello e Andrea Ciavattini. "The “Bad Father”: Paternal Role in Biology of Pregnancy and in Birth Outcome". Biology 13, n. 3 (3 marzo 2024): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13030165.

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Pregnancy is generally studied as a biological interaction between a mother and a fetus; however, the father, with his characteristics, lifestyle, genetics, and living environment, is by no means unrelated to the outcome of pregnancy. The half of the fetal genetic heritage of paternal derivation can be decisive in cases of inherited chromosomal disorders, and can be the result of de novo genetic alterations. In addition to the strictly pathological aspects, paternal genetics may transmit thrombophilic traits that affect the implantation and vascular construction of the feto-placental unit, lead to placenta-mediated diseases such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation, and contribute to the multifactorial genesis of preterm delivery. Biological aspects of immunological tolerance to paternal antigens also appear to be crucial for these pathologies. Finally, this review describes the biological findings by which the environment, exposure to pathogens, lifestyle, and nutritional style of the father affect fetal pathophysiological and epigenetic definition.

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Dahlen, Carl R., Pawel P. Borowicz, Alison K. Ward, Joel S. Caton, Marta Czernik, Luca Palazzese, Pasqualino Loi e Lawrence P. Reynolds. "Programming of Embryonic Development". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 21 (28 ottobre 2021): 11668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111668.

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Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and parental nutritional status have profound effects on embryonic/fetal and placental development, which are probably mediated via “programming” of gene expression, as reflected by changes in their epigenetic landscape. Such epigenetic changes may underlie programming of growth, development, and function of fetal organs later in pregnancy and the offspring postnatally, and potentially lead to long-term changes in organ structure and function in the offspring as adults. This latter concept has been termed developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), or simply developmental programming, which has emerged as a major health issue in animals and humans because it is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases in the offspring, including metabolic, behavioral, and reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we will briefly introduce the concept of developmental programming and its relationship to epigenetics. We will then discuss evidence that ART and periconceptual maternal and paternal nutrition may lead to epigenetic alterations very early in pregnancy, and how each pregnancy experiences developmental programming based on signals received by and from the dam. Lastly, we will discuss current research on strategies designed to overcome or minimize the negative consequences or, conversely, to maximize the positive aspects of developmental programming.

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Evenosky, Sarah, Eleanor Lewis e Katherine I. DiSantis. "A Mixed Methods Case Study of Food Shopping in a Community with High Infant Mortality". Nutrients 13, n. 11 (28 ottobre 2021): 3845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113845.

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In the U.S., preterm birth disproportionately impacts certain racial/ethnic groups, with Black women experiencing preterm birth at a rate 50% higher than other groups. Among the numerous factors that likely contribute to these increased rates are neighborhood characteristics, such as food environment. In this mixed-methods case study, we evaluated how pregnant women living in a predominately minority, lower income community with high preterm birth rates navigate and perceive their food environment. Qualitative interviews were performed to assess perceptions of food environment (n = 7) along with geographic and observational assessments of their food environment. Participants traveled an average of 2.10 miles (SD = 1.16) and shopped at an average of 3 stores. They emphasized the importance of pricing and convenience when considering where to shop and asserted that they sought out healthier foods they thought would enhance their pregnancy health. Observational assessments of stores’ nutrition environment showed that stores with lower nutritional scores were in neighborhoods with greater poverty and a higher percent Black population. Future policies and programmatic efforts should focus on improving nutrition during pregnancy for women living in communities with high rates of poor birth outcomes. Availability, affordability, and accessibility are key aspects of the food environment to consider when attempting to achieve birth equity.

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Venter, Carina. "Maternal diet and complementary food diversity on allergy prevention". BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 6, Suppl 3 (dicembre 2023): s20—s29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000675.

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Diet diversity is a term used to define the number of foods or food groups eaten over a certain period. In turn, diet quality describes food patterns and is usually summarised by using diet indices. There are a wide range of dietary and environmental aspects that have been associated with the patho-ethiology of allergic diseases. One of the factors includes nutrition of the pregnant and breast feeding women, infant and child. Studies focusing on the intake of specific nutrients have failed to provide any clear guidance on allergy prevention. Allergen avoidance for the pregnant and breast feeding women is not recommended and timely introduction and consumption of food allergens when infants start to eat is recommended. Nutritional prevention strategies have shifted their focus from single nutrients and foods to addressing the to the overall during pregnancy, breast feeding, and early life. Only one diet index in pregnancy, as a measure of the overall diet, has shown a reduction in childhood allergic disease, referred to as the maternal diet index. Limited data exist to support the role of the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and offspring respiratory outcomes. There no studies focusing on diet indices in infancy and childhood allergy outcomes. Infant diet diversity and maternal healthy diet diversity during pregnancy has been associated with a reduced prevalence of childhood allergic diseases. There is a need to perform randomised controlled trials using overall dietary intake to support international food allergy guidelines.

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Chandra, Bastian Rahmadi, Rudi Saprudin Darwis e Sahadi Humaedi. "PERAN PEMBERDAYAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING". Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial 4, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/focus.v4i2.35060.

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Balita stunting dipahami sebagai balita yang mengalami permasalahan kondisi gizi kronis, kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yang meliputi keadaan sosial dan perekonomian orang tua, asupan nutrisi atau gizi saat masa kehamilan, riwayat penyakit yang dialami bayi, dan kurangnya nutrisi atau gizi pada bayi serta pola asuh yang tidak sesuai dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, terlebih pada masa 1.000 HPK. Dalam jangka pendek akan berdampak pada terpengaruhinya beberapa aspek seperti aspek kognitif, aspek motorik, dan aspek verbal yang mengalami hambatan. Dalam jangka yang panjang stunting menyebabkan kondisi perawakan pada balita kurang proporsional pada usia remaja menuju dewasa. Stunting juga meningkatkan resiko obesitas di masa yang akan mendatang. Stunting juga berdampak pada kesehatan reproduksi yang menurun. Anak stunting juga memiliki penurunan kapasitas belajar, sehingga performa dan produktivitasnya di sekolah akan berkurang dan tidak optimal. Pelaksanaan intervensi sensitive dilakukan lebih berfokus pada penanganan faktor-faktor yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi kondisi asupan gizi yang menyumbang terjadinya stunting. Intervensi gizi sensitif memiliki sumbangsih yang signifikan yaitu sebesar 70 % dalam upaya pencegahan terjadinya stunting meskipun secara tidak langsung. Pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) berperan sebagai agen perubahan untuk melaksanakan pemberdayaan masyarakat agar tujuan pembangunan kesehatan dapat tercapai. Tujuan tersebut ialah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang issue stunting dan menangani kasus stunting dengan pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat oleh kelompok pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK). Stunting toddlers are understood as toddlers who experience problems with chronic nutritional conditions, these conditions are influenced by many factors including the social and economic conditions of parents, nutritional intake or nutrition during pregnancy, history of illness experienced by infants, and lack of nutrition or nutrition in infants and patterns of nutrition. parenting that is not in accordance with the growth and development of children, especially during the 1,000 HPK period. In the short term, it will affect several aspects such as cognitive aspects, motor aspects, and verbal aspects that experience obstacles. In the long term, stunting causes stature conditions in toddlers to be less proportional from adolescence to adulthood. Stunting also increases the risk of obesity in the future. Stunting also has an impact on declining reproductive health. Stunting children also have a decreased learning capacity, so their performance and productivity in school will be reduced and not optimal. The implementation of sensitive interventions is carried out more focused on handling factors that indirectly affect the condition of nutritional intake that contributes to stunting. The sensitive nutrition intervention has a significant contribution of 70% in preventing stunting even though it is indirectly. Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) acts as an agent of change to implement community empowerment so that health development goals can be achieved. The aim is to increase public awareness about the stunting issue and handle stunting cases by implementing community empowerment by the Family Welfare Empowerment Group (PKK).

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Valentim, Jean Kaique, Janaína Palermo Mendes, Bruna Barreto Przybulinski, Felipe Cardoso Serpa, Deivid Kelly Barbosa, Vivian Aparecida Rios Castilho e Rita Therezinha Rolim Pietramale. "Fatores Nutricionais Aplicados à Reprodução de Ruminantes". UNICIÊNCIAS 23, n. 2 (4 dicembre 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2019v23n2p77-82.

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Os animais de produção estão sendo modificados através de um intenso melhoramento genético, buscando intensificar seu desempenho para atender a demanda mundial em quesitos de alimentação. Essa maximização de desempenho demanda um acréscimo nutricional, e este por sua vez pode afetar as funções reprodutivas. Vários estudos mostram que a reprodução pode ser comprometida se as necessidades nutricionais dos animais não forem atendidas. Esta demanda nutricional afeta diretamente a função dos órgãos reprodutivos e o funcionamento do sistema endócrino, podendo interferir na taxa de fertilidade destes animais. A nutrição tem influência na fertilidade, diretamente por meio do fornecimento de nutrientes específicos, que são necessários para os processos de desenvolvimento do folículo, de ovulação, de maturação oocitária, de fertilização, de sobrevivência embrionária e o estabelecimento da gestação e, indiretamente, atuando sobre as concentrações circulantes dos hormônios e outros metabólitos sensíveis aos nutrientes que são requeridos para o sucesso destes processos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é obter uma revisão de literatura atualizada sobre o contexto recente da influência de fatores nutricionais sobre os aspectos reprodutivos de animais ruminantes. Palavras-chave: Nutrição. Metabolismo. Fertilidade. Ruminantes. AbstractThe farm animals are being modified through an intensive genetic improvement seeking to increase their performance to meet the global demand on power issues. This performance maximization demands an extra nutritional and this in turn can affect the reproductive functions. Several studies show that the reproduction can be compromised if the animal’s nutritional needs are met. This nutritional demand directly affects the function of the reproductive organs and the functioning of the endocrine system and may interfere with fertility rate of these animals. Nutrition affects fertility, directly through the provision of specific nutrients that are required for the processes of development of follicle maturation, ovulation, oocyte , fertilization, embryo survival and the establishment of pregnancy; and, indirectly, acting on circulating concentrations of hormones and other metabolites sensitive to nutrients that are required for the success of these processes. The goal of this work was to obtain an updated literature review with recent studies related to nutritional aspects involved in the ruminant animals reproduction. Keywords: Nutrition. Metabolism. Fertility. Ruminants.

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Urooj, Sidra, Sadia Anjum, Fareeha Iqbal, Maisa Siddiq Abduh, Hashaam Akhtar, Sumbal Javed, Salik Javed Kakar, Aamer Ikram, Nabeel Ahmed Maqbool e Tahir Ahmad. "Hepatitis E Virus: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Its Significance as a Major Pregnancy Risk". Livers 3, n. 3 (15 settembre 2023): 507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/livers3030035.

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HEV is a single-stranded, positive RNA virus. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causing agent of hepatitis, with a high prevalence rate in low-income countries due to poor sanitary conditions. It can exhibit acute, continuous, or extrahepatic consequences in immunocompromised individuals such as those undergoing organ transplantation and having HIV infection. HEV infection is either self limiting (silent), meaning the patient will possibly recover on his own, or symptomatic, causing acute liver injury or fulminant hepatitis and may eventually cause death. It can also cause chronic hepatitis that can progress to cirrhosis or recovery. Pregnancy-related HEV infection has an incidence rate of 30%. HEV escape from innate immunity, hormonal imbalances, defective monocyte–macrophage function, downregulation of the T-cell-mediated immune system, high cytokine production, nutritional factors, and socioeconomic conditions may play fundamental roles in the prevalence of HEV infection. It is necessary to take particular measures to reduce the incidence burden of HEV infection in high endemic locations as the incidence data, not the prevalence data, is more accurate at estimating disease dynamics. The purpose of this study is to throw light on several aspects of the hepatitis E virus and to discuss the incidence of HEV infection concerning other diseases. HEV molecular features, clinical features, epidemiology, extrahepatic manifestations, and multiple available diagnostics and treatment strategies for HEV are debated in the current review.

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Mahle, Amanda Caroline, Bernard David Morris, Zane Frazer e Christopher Novak. "Severe vitamin deficiencies in pregnancy complicated by progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis". BMJ Case Reports 14, n. 3 (marzo 2021): e240248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240248.

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Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a rare disease of impaired bile acid excretion which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin deficiencies during pregnancy can result in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. A 20-year-old primiparous woman at 30 4/7 weeks with PFIC type 2 presented with worsening cholestasis, coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. She developed visual deficits and was found to have severe vitamin A deficiency. Her coagulopathy and visual deficits improved following vitamin K and A supplementation, respectively. She delivered at 32 2/7 weeks following preterm labour. This case highlights several unique aspects in the care of pregnant women with liver disease. These patients are at risk for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies which can result in significant coagulopathy and rarely, visual deficits due to vitamin A deficiency. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent permanent sequelae.

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Warner, John O., e Jill Amanda Warner. "The Foetal Origins of Allergy and Potential Nutritional Interventions to Prevent Disease". Nutrients 14, n. 8 (12 aprile 2022): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081590.

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The first nine months from conception to birth involves greater changes than at any other time in life, affecting organogenesis, endocrine, metabolic and immune programming. It has led to the concept that the “first 1000 days” from conception to the second birthday are critical in establishing long term health or susceptibility to disease. Immune ontogeny is predominantly complete within that time and is influenced by the maternal genome, health, diet and environment pre-conception and during pregnancy and lactation. Components of the immunological protection of the pregnancy is the generation of Th-2 and T-regulatory cytokines with the consequence that neonatal adaptive responses are also biased towards Th-2 (allergy promoting) and T-regulatory (tolerance promoting) responses. Normally after birth Th-1 activity increases while Th-2 down-regulates and the evolving normal human microbiome likely plays a key role. This in turn will have been affected by maternal health, diet, exposure to antibiotics, mode of delivery, and breast or cow milk formula feeding. Complex gene/environment interactions affect outcomes. Many individual nutrients affect immune mechanisms and variations in levels have been associated with susceptibility to allergic disease. However, intervention trials employing single nutrient supplementation to prevent allergic disease have not achieved the expected outcomes suggested by observational studies. Investigation of overall dietary practices including fresh fruit and vegetables, fish, olive oil, lower meat intake and home cooked foods as seen in the Mediterranean and other healthy diets have been associated with reduced prevalence of allergic disease. This suggests that the “soup” of overall nutrition is more important than individual nutrients and requires further investigation both during pregnancy and after the infant has been weaned. Amongst all the potential factors affecting allergy outcomes, modification of maternal and infant nutrition and the microbiome are easier to employ than changing other aspects of the environment but require large controlled trials before recommending changes to current practice.

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Broers, Barbara, Urszula Sioma-Markowska, Barbara Królak-Olejnik, Karolina Fila-Witecka, Anna Halarewicz-Ciasullo e Andrzej Brenk. "The evolution of natural alimentation". Medical Science Pulse 12, n. 3 (30 settembre 2018): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5470.

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Advances in medicine and the evolution of health-related behaviors through time and across cultures have contributed to changes in attitudes toward natural alimentation. In the past, women who breastfed their babies were educated by word of mouth and family traditions passed on by their female relatives and communities, and the act of breastfeeding itself constituted a socio-cultural process. The health-related benefits of breast milk for infant nutrition have long been known. Throughout the ages, the image of the breastfeeding woman has inspired many artists and promoted natural alimentation. Ancient beliefs and religious practices were combined with the teachings of the church as well as alchemy principles, and lactation counseling was based on popular belief rather than scientific or medical knowledge. In modern times, breastfeeding has experienced a rise in popularity and is recommended to mothers during pregnancy and as part of contraception education. Anecdotal beliefs regarding the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on children’s overall psychological wellbeing have become a subject of scientific investigation. Within the current pregnancy-related standards, the modern promotion of breastfeeding encompasses nutritional, immunological and psychological aspects. In this paper we have summarized the evolution of the beliefs that have surrounded breastfeeding from antiquity to the present day.

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Levitsky, I. V., e N. M. Kinash. "MODERN ASPECTS OF THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ISTMIC-CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY". Art of Medicine 22, n. 2 (20 luglio 2022): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/artm.2022.2.22.136.

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Isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI), which results in the failure of the circular muscles of the internal os, isthmus and cervix of the uterus is important in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. The existing types are anatomical, functional and congenital ICI. ICI is a pathological condition of the cervix and the isthmus, in which they are unable to withstand the intrauterine pressure and keep a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity until birth. ICI is a serious complication of pregnancy. Genetic, hormonal, inflammatory-infectious, immunological, traumatic factors play a role in the occurrence of ICI. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of reproductive health and gestational process of pregnant women with ICI, according to the literature. For the study, we analyzed domestic and foreign publications on this topic in professional journals, as well as data from Internet resources. Results of the research show that ICI plays a special role among many causes that lead to preterm termination of pregnancy and premature birth in the II-III trimesters. The properties of the cervix depend on the ratio of connective and muscle tissue. Today, most authors distinguish between congenital, acquired, organic and functional isthmic-cervical insufficiency.Organic (post-traumatic, secondary) ICI occurs due to mechanical damage to the cervix. Functional ICI is the result of a violation of the relationship between the muscular and connective tissues of the cervix, as well as the result of changes in the response of its structural elements to neurohumoral stimuli. Functional ICI most often occurs as a consequence of a violation of the hormonal background of women (ovarian hypofunction, hyperandrogenism). Congenital ICI occurs in malformations of the uterus, genital infantilism. Histological examination of cervical tissue in women with ICI reveals an increase in muscle tissue up to 50%, which leads to early softening of the cervix of the uterus and development of its functional insufficiency. According to Kaufman KP (2021), the role of connective tissue in the development of ICI is confirmed by the fact, that this pathological condition of the cervix is found in women with Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) as a risk factor for complicated pregnancy, including ICI.Research of Huang J and co-authors (2021) found the presence of nutritional imbalance in patients with UCTD, which was manifested by changes in serum concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, inorganic phosphorus. The relationship between changes in the microcirculation system, tissue perfusion and cervical condition is currently being actively discussed and confirmed in numerous studies.Fettweis JM (2019) believes that the mechanism of abortion at different stages of gestation is not the same in pregnant women with ICI. At the same time, all pregnant women with ICI at all stages of gestation have increased cytokine levels. However, an important factor in the premature termination of pregnancy in ICI is assigned to the infectious factor. The results of the study of the pathogenetic role of local immune responses in women with habitual miscarriage are often contradictory and dictate the need for further researches.Eventually, isthmic-cervical insufficiency is a multifactorial complication of pregnancy, in which genetic, hormonal, inflammatory-infectious, immunological or traumatic factors play a role.

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Parker, Jim, Claire O’Brien, Christabelle Yeoh, Felice L. Gersh e Shaun Brennecke. "Reducing the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using a Combination of Pregnancy Screening, Lifestyle, and Medical Management Strategies". Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, n. 6 (20 marzo 2024): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061774.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem disorder that presents with a variety of phenotypes involving metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological symptoms and signs. Women with PCOS are at increased risk of pregnancy complications including implantation failure, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and pre-eclampsia (PE). This may be attributed to the presence of specific susceptibility features associated with PCOS before and during pregnancy, such as chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperandrogenism, all of which have been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Many of the features of PCOS are reversible following lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise, and pregnant women following a healthy lifestyle have been found to have a lower risk of complications, including PE. This narrative synthesis summarizes the evidence investigating the risk of PE and the role of nutritional factors in women with PCOS. The findings suggest that the beneficial aspects of lifestyle management of PCOS, as recommended in the evidence-based international guidelines, extend to improved pregnancy outcomes. Identifying high-risk women with PCOS will allow targeted interventions, early-pregnancy screening, and increased surveillance for PE. Women with PCOS should be included in risk assessment algorithms for PE.

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Yajnik, C. S. "Obesity epidemic in India: intrauterine origins?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, n. 3 (agosto 2004): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004365.

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The epidemic of ‘obesity’ in India is not appreciated because BMI underestimates the adiposity of Indians. Specific adiposity measurements are necessary for recognition of the adiposity of ‘thin’ Indians. The origin of this adiposity is only beginning to be understood. In addition to a possible genetic predisposition, intrauterine ‘programming’ might be responsible, although in the ‘thrifty phenotype’ hypothesis the adiposity of the ‘thin’ fetus has not been appreciated. Dutch men who faced ‘winter hunger’ during the first trimester of their in utero life have become more obese as adults. Low birth weight predicts central obesity in some studies, including studies in urban children. It has also been shown that small and thin Indian newborns (weight 2·7?kg and ponderal index 2·4?kg\m3) have poor muscle and visceral mass but higher adiposity for a given weight compared with white Caucasian babies. This body composition is influenced by maternal adiposity before pregnancy and by aspects of maternal nutritional intake and circulating nutrient concentrations during pregnancy. There are no strong paternal determinants of adiposity at birth. Adiposity may be an integral part of the orchestrated adjustments made to support ‘brain preservation’ during intrauterine growth, because brain tissue is predominantly fat. Increased nutrition in the face of a genetic predisposition or multigenerational undernutrition increases maternal insulin resistance in late pregnancy and promotes fetal adiposity even in absence of marked hyperglycaemia. Further research is necessary to define the role of specific nutrients and metabolites in the intrauterine processes promoting adiposity before maternal interventions to curtail the epidemic of obesity and diabetes are planned.

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Valentini, Romina, Maria Grazia Dalfrà, Michela Masin, Antonella Barison, Marcon Marialisa, Eva Pegoraro e Annunziata Lapolla. "A Pilot Study on Dietary Approaches in Multiethnicity: Two Methods Compared". International Journal of Endocrinology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/985136.

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Background. Medical nutritional therapy is the most important method for normalizing glucose levels in pregnancy. In this setting, there is a new problem to consider relating to migrants, their personal food preferences, and ethnic, cultural, and religious aspects of their diet. We compared maternal and fetal outcomes between two multiethnic groups of pregnant women, one adopting a food plan that included dishes typical of the foreign women's original countries (the “ethnic meal plan” group), while the other group adopted a standard meal plan.Findings. To develop the meal plan, each dish chosen by the women was broken down into its principal ingredients. The quantity of each food was given in tablespoons, teaspoons, slices, and cups, and there were photographs of the complete dish. The group treated with the ethnic meal plan achieved a better metabolic control at the end of the pregnancy and a lower weight gain (though the difference was not statistically significant). As for fetal outcome, the group on the ethnic meal plan had babies with a lower birth weight and there were no cases of macrosomia or LGA babies.Conclusions. This preliminary study indicates the positive effect of an ethnic approach to diet on the outcome of pregnancy.

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Ristori, Maria Vittoria, Andrea Quagliariello, Sofia Reddel, Gianluca Ianiro, Stefano Vicari, Antonio Gasbarrini e Lorenza Putignani. "Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions". Nutrients 11, n. 11 (18 novembre 2019): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112812.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral syndrome that is characterized by speech and language disorders, intellectual impairment, learning and motor dysfunctions. Several genetic and environmental factors are suspected to affect the ASD phenotype including air pollution, exposure to pesticides, maternal infections, inflammatory conditions, dietary factors or consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy. Many children with ASD shows abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, including increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection. Moreover, they are “picky eaters” and the existence of specific sensory patterns in ASD patients could represent one of the main aspects in hampering feeding. GI disorders are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiome is able to communicate with brain activities through microbiota-derived signaling molecules, immune mediators, gut hormones as well as vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Since the diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiota and in the production of molecules, such as the SCFA, we wanted to investigate the role that nutritional intervention can have on GI microbiota composition and thus on its influence on behavior, GI symptoms and microbiota composition and report which are the beneficial effect on ASD conditions.

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Skowrońska, Magdalena, Michał Pawłowski e Robert Milewski. "Evaluating the Reliability of Health Portals’ Nutrition and Supplementation Advice for Pregnant Women: A Comprehensive Review". Nutrients 16, n. 11 (1 giugno 2024): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16111739.

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This article evaluates the reliability and consistency of nutrition- and supplementation-related advice for pregnant women provided by ten selected health-related Internet portals. The portals were chosen based on their perceived reliability and prominence in Google searches, with representation from both English and Polish language sources. The evaluation criteria included the adherence of the presented information to official recommendations and its evidence-based character based on specific items representing dietary aspects important in pregnancy. While the overall reliability was deemed acceptable, significant variations existed both among the portals and specific evaluated items. Notably, HealthLine, Medline Plus, and NCEZ emerged as the most evidence-based, while WebMD and Medycyna Praktyczna were identified as less reliable. Despite a number of issues, the analysed portals remain valuable sources of nutritional information for pregnant women, offering user-friendly accessibility superior to alternatives such as social media on the one hand and scientific articles on the other. Improved consistency and attention to detail, especially in relation to vitamin intake and supplementation, would improve the overall quality of health portals.

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Banerjee, Swapan. "Role of the Proper Nutrition for Indian Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)". Dec 2022-Jan 2023, n. 31 (16 dicembre 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpdmhd.31.1.9.

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Abstract (sommario):

Two or more miscarriages or biochemical pregnancy losses are treated as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Conditions like immune deficiency, thrombophilia, endocrine dysfunction, and obesity have all been linked to an increased likelihood of miscarriage. There is currently no documented treatment for repeated miscarriages; hence, diet and drug aspects must be implemented nationally or internationally. Databases like Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Semantic Scholar, etc., were used to find publications relevant to this study's objectives. From the Indian perspective, a pregnant woman's daily calorie intake should increase by 350, with an additional 9.5 g of protein in the second and 22.0 g in the third trimester. Prenatal folic acid supplementation has been linked to managing proper birth weight and reduced rates of congenital disabilities. During pregnancy, a woman's ideal weight gain is around 10 kilograms, which is the case for women who eat healthily. Limiting salt intake is necessary to prevent hypertension or preeclampsia during pregnancy. Coffee, tea, and other caffeinated drinks should be used in moderation. Vegetables like papaya, cabbage, pumpkin, milk derivatives, sugar cane, and fruits like bananas, mangoes, pineapple, avocados, etc., are the most taboo foods in developing countries like India and Africa. The widespread avoidance of these foods during pregnancy can be attributed to myths that they contribute to foetal obesity, evil eye, abortion, and other delivery difficulties. In rural India, pregnant women are primarily not adequately informed about the significance of eating a healthy, well-rounded diet. To ensure maternal dietary diversity, even modest; well-targeted awareness-raising programs should go a long way. Hence expected mothers should get compulsory nutritional guidance on what to eat and how much from experts like dietitians, physicians, or other experienced mothers through personal meetings or social media platforms to minimize recurrent pregnancy loss.

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Rojas-Rodriguez, Raziel, Rachel Ziegler, Tiffany DeSouza, Sana Majid, Aylin S. Madore, Nili Amir, Veronica A. Pace et al. "PAPPA-mediated adipose tissue remodeling mitigates insulin resistance and protects against gestational diabetes in mice and humans". Science Translational Medicine 12, n. 571 (25 novembre 2020): eaay4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4145.

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Pregnancy is a physiological state of continuous adaptation to changing maternal and fetal nutritional needs, including a reduction of maternal insulin sensitivity allowing for appropriately enhanced glucose availability to the fetus. However, excessive insulin resistance in conjunction with insufficient insulin secretion results in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), greatly increasing the risk for pregnancy complications and predisposing both mothers and offspring to future metabolic disease. Here, we report a signaling pathway connecting pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) with adipose tissue expansion in pregnancy. Adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, and we show that, in both mice and humans, pregnancy caused remodeling of adipose tissue evidenced by altered adipocyte size, vascularization, and in vitro expansion capacity. PAPPA is known to be a metalloprotease secreted by human placenta that modulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability through prolteolysis of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2, 4, and 5. We demonstrate that recombinant PAPPA can stimulate ex vivo human adipose tissue expansion in an IGFBP-5– and IGF-1–dependent manner. Moreover, mice lacking PAPPA displayed impaired adipose tissue remodeling, pregnancy-induced insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, recapitulating multiple aspects of human GDM. In a cohort of 6361 pregnant women, concentrations of circulating PAPPA are inversely correlated with glycemia and odds of developing GDM. These data identify PAPPA and the IGF signaling pathway as necessary for the regulation of maternal adipose tissue physiology and systemic glucose homeostasis, with consequences for long-term metabolic risk and potential for therapeutic use.

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Illahi, Rizki Kurnia, e Lailatul Muniroh. "GAMBARAN SOSIO BUDAYA GIZI ETNIK MADURA DAN KEJADIAN STUNTING BALITA USIA 24–59 BULAN DI BANGKALAN". Media Gizi Indonesia 11, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v11i2.135-143.

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Abstract (sommario):

Stunting is a nutritional problems in Indonesia. District with the highest prevalence of stunting in East Java in 2015 was Bangkalan. Madurese peoples is known to have socio cultural practices which related to nutrition. This study was aimed to describe s ocio-cultural aspects of nutrition that related to s tunting. This study was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The study was done in Ujung Piring Village, Bangkalan and the sample size was 62 children who were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Stunting status was assessed through anthropometric indicators according to height for age (H/A) and compared to WHO-MGRS standard. Data on practices of socio culture in nutrition during pregnancy and childbirth, breastfeeding and children under-ﬁ ve, were collected through interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the prevalence of s tunting in children under ﬁ ve in Ujung Piring Village was 29%. Practices of socio culture in nutrition on Madurese Ethnic including socio culture in nutrition of mother and socio culture in nutrition of toddler. Socio cultural aspect of nutrition which probably related to s tunting were food taboo for pregnant women, prelacteal food for newborn, infants did not receive immunization and early giving of complementary feeding. It is suggested to have an effort to decrease food taboo for pregnant women, reduce prelacteal food for newborns, and reduce giving complementary feeding early through counseling involving parent’s mothers as the key person in health communication.

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Weston, RH. "Some aspects of constraint to forage consumption by ruminants". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, n. 2 (1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960175.

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Various aspects of forage intake regulation are discussed with the objective of providing a basis on which assessments could be made of (i) the scope for forage intake manipulation, and (ii) priority areas for further research. A simple conceptual model of the regulation is presented which permits the linking of rumen function and energy metabolism. It takes cognizance of upper physiological limits for (i) energy disposal, (ii) the clearance of digesta organic matter from the rumen, and (iii) muscular fatigue, as well as a range of dietary and environmental constraints. The transmission to the brain of signals relating to amount of digesta in the rumen and the ruminant's energy deficit are considered to be important in the intake regulation. An alternative conceptual model which recognises the amount of energy in the circulating energy pool, rather than the energy deficit, as the origin of signals relating to energy metabolism, is also discussed. It is considered that over a range of forage qualities neither the rumen digesta load ceiling nor the capacity to use energy limit intake; in this range both the resistance of the forage organic matter to removal from the rumen and the net energy value of the forage act as constraints. A method to calculate forage intake constraint is presented, and theoretical relationships between rumen digesta load, net energy intake, energy deficit and forage intake constraint have been formulated to facilitate interpretation of data obtained in forage intake studies. Forage intake in the reproduction cycle is discussed in the context of an optimum nutritional strategy for ensuring species survival. It is considered that the intake changes at mating and immediately prior to parturition, together with the decrease in rate of nutrient storage in maternal reserve tissues in late pregnancy and the use of these tissue stores in early lactation, are consistent with such a strategy. In this context it is suggested that (i) the relevant reproduction hormones affect intake via modulation of the metabolism of the maternal tissue stores and (ii) this type of regulation and its accompanying production losses need not be necessary in those production systems permitting some control of nutrition.

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Bohiltea, Roxana Elena, Corina-Aurelia Zugravu, Adrian Neacsu, Dan Navolan, Costin Berceanu, Dragos Nemescu, Oana Bodean, Natalia Turcan, Alexandru Baros e Monica Mihaela Cirstoiu. "The Prevalence of Vitamin D Defficiency and its Obstetrical Effects. A prospective study on Romanian patients". Revista de Chimie 70, n. 4 (15 maggio 2019): 1228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.4.7097.

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Abstract (sommario):

The birth, growth, development, reproduction and senescence under physiological conditions can be achieved without diminishing the role of other important aspects that influence them, only with the support of an optimal diet that is a fundamental requirement nowadays, considering that the health and the nutritional status are in a permanent interdependence. The effects of inadequate nutrition reflect on the expression of genes, influencing the development of certain diseases in childhood and adulthood. Knowing the phases of the gestation period in which the need of certain nutrients is increased, and their absence has the most serious impact on fetal growth and development, allows for the adoption in due time of concrete preventive rules. Disorders associated with lipid malabsorption, such as celiac disease, Crohn�s disease, pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis and cholestatic disease, are associated with low serum levels of 5-hydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency in the newborn can express as deficient skeletal homeostasis, congenital rickets and fractures in the early days of life. A low level of vitamin D during pregnancy seems to increase the risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes, and in the longer term it seems to affect the bone, immune system and general status. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is increasing globally, and the effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcome of the vitamin D deficiency and supplementation are a topical issue, which is currently under investigation.

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Matulníková, Ľudmila, e Krystyna Mizerska. "APPLICATION OF MERCER MODEL IN THE EVALUATION OF THE RISK FACTORS OF OBESITY FOR PREGNANT WOMEN". Scientific Journal of Polonia University 34, n. 3 (5 aprile 2019): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3415.

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Abstract (sommario):

The study presents an assessment of risk factors that affect obesity of a pregnant woman through components in the macrosystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and microsystem hierarchy according to Ramona Mercer's conceptual framework. Through the conceptual framework, we identify aspects with maternal and child impact in women with excessive body weight. The benefits of using the Mercer model are that multiple domains are identified and factors that affect nutrition, physical activity, and optimization of weight gain in a pregnant woman are taken into account. The conceptual framework supports the perception of contextual circumstances, helps to create conditions for changing health behavior and reducing health risks. Obesity in a pregnant woman, excessive weight gain and gestational body weight are influenced by physiological, psychological, behavioral, family, cultural and environmental factors. The interaction of factors creates preconditions for improving or worsening the health of a pregnant woman and a prenatal child during pregnancy. The process of caring for a pregnant woman with excessive body weight is focused on four concepts of obesity, pregnancy, complications and nursing management. The analysis of the conceptual framework helps to create preventive interventions and to select effective strategies. The aim of interventions is to achieve a change of environment for the pregnant woman, which may affect the regulation of body mass index, maintenance of gestational weight, behavioral changes, attitudes, nutritional adjustments, physical activity and reduced risk of complications in the mother and the child.

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José Luis, Contreras Paco, Ramírez Rivera Hugo, Tunque Quispe Miguel, Aroni Quintanilla Yedy Ruth e Curasma Ccente James. "Productive and nutritional aspects of forages oats and barley alone and consociated to vetch in high Andean conditions". MOJ Food Processing & Technology 8 (8 giugno 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2020.08.00243.

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Abstract (sommario):

Forage grasses, such as oats and barley are the most common and cheap source of nutrients for ruminants in the high Andean region. Therefore, information about productivity and chemical composition of these forages are important in the high Andean region. Results indicate that forage oats cultivated at an altitude between 4200 and 4400 meters above sea level produced 30.0 t ha-1 of fresh matter (FM) or 5.0 t ha-1 of dry matter (DM) and 0.7 t ha-1 of crude protein (CP). The crude protein (CP) of oats allows covering the maintenance, pregnancy, or lactation requirements. For the case of barley, the productivity was 35.3 t ha-1 of fresh matter (FM) or 9.4 t ha-1 of dry matter (DM) and 0.8 t ha-1 of crude protein (CP) allowing a milk production of 8 kg cow-1 day-1. Regarding associations, the association of oat variety Tayko and vetch in a ratio of 75:25 performed better than other associations, resulting in a production of 58.5 t ha-1 of FM or 16.3 t ha-1 of DM and 0.76 t ha-1 of CP. The association of oat variety Mantaro 15 and vetch in a ratio of 50:50 (7.43% CP) enables milk production of 5.5 kg cow-1 day-1. Forage oats and barley are good sources of energy for ruminants due to the neutral detergent fiber concentration (46.70 and 51.76% respectively).

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Eileen Owan, Diane E Heck e Hong Duck Kim. "Autism spectrum disorder is associated with multifold risks in the process of pregnancy: Imbalance of nutritional, environmental and social behavioral aspects". GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, n. 1 (30 ottobre 2022): 018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.1.0255.

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Abstract (sommario):

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and stereotyped behavior patterns. The cost burden for health coverage for ASD is focused on educational applied behavioral analysis and psychotropic drugs to decrease maladaptive behaviors and support learning and development. Determinants of either risk factors or prevention related to ASD covering environmental, social-behavioral, and genetic are still unknown. This review focuses on the multifold risks of Autistic disorder (ASD), including environmental, genetic, and food supplemental concerns and health policies and regulations.

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Waard, F. de, e J. H. H. Thijssen. "Hormonal aspects in the causation of human breast cancer: Epidemiological hypotheses reviewed, with special reference to nutritional status and first pregnancy". Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 97, n. 5 (dicembre 2005): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.08.005.

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Khaira, Dicky Septiannoor, Rahmat Hidayat e Aulia Ramadhani. "Pengaruh Status Gizi Kehamilan, ASI Eksklusif, dan Imunisasi Dasar dengan Stunting Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Balangan". Afiasi : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 9, n. 1 (30 aprile 2024): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/afiasi.v9i1.349.

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Abstrak Pada bulan Juni 2023 Indonesia telah resmi lepas dari masa pandemi Covid-19 dan menjadi masa endemi. Masa peralihan dari pandemi ke endemi tentunya akan ada dampak baik maupun buruk terutama pada aspek kesehatan yaitu stunting. Terjadi perburukan stunting ketika masa pandemi Covid-19 dan dampak dari stunting sudah tentu buruk bagi masa depan anak secara fisik maupun motorik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan 2 Kecamatan dan 6 Desa lokasi fokus stunting Kabupaten Balangan pada bulan Oktober 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control. Sampel dengan perbandingan 1:2 maka total sampel untuk kelompok kasus sebanyak 22 balita usia 24-59 bulan yang stunting dan kelompok kontrol sebanyak 44 balita usia 24-59 bulan yang normal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh status gizi kehamilan, ASI eksklusif, dan imunisasi dasar dengan stunting pasca pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Balangan. Hasil analisis statistik chi square menunjukkan bahwa status gizi kehamilan, ASI eksklusif, dan imunisasi dasar berpengaruh dengan stunting pasca pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Balangan. Para calon ibu dan para ibu agar lebih memperhatikan kesehatan yaitu aspek keseimbangan status gizi, pemberian ASI secara eksklusif, dan pemberian imunisasi dasar yang lengkap sesuai dengan umur anak. Kata kunci: ASI Eksklusif, Imunisasi Dasar, Pasca Pandemi, Status Gizi Kehamilan, Stunting Abstract In June 2023, Indonesia officially emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic and has become an endemic period. The transition period from pandemic to endemic will of course have both good and bad impacts, especially on the health aspect, namely stunting. Stunting worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of stunting is certainly bad for children's future physically and motorically. This research was carried out in 2 sub-districts and 6 villages where the stunting focus was located in Balangan Regency in October 2023. This research used a case-control design. With a sample ratio of 1:2, the total sample for the case group was 22 toddlers aged 24-59 months who were stunted and the control group was 44 toddlers aged 24-59 months who were normal. This research aims to analyze the effect of pregnancy nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, and basic immunization on stunting after the COVID-19 pandemic in Balangan Regency. The results of the chi-square statistical analysis show that the nutritional status of pregnancy, exclusive breastfeeding, and basic immunization influence stunting after the COVID-19 pandemic in Balangan Regency. Expectant mothers and mothers should pay more attention to health, namely aspects of balancing nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, and providing complete basic immunization according to the child's age. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Basic Immunization, Post-Pandemic, Pregnancy Nutritional Status, Stunting

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PINI, Taylor, Gulfam AHMAD, Romain BARRES, Stephen SIMPSON e Angela CREAN. "Nutritional Geometry of Male Fertility: Moving Beyond The ‘High-Fat’ Diet". Fertility & Reproduction 04, n. 03n04 (settembre 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740905.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: Females are given extensive dietary recommendations both during and prior to pregnancy, but similar guidelines for males trying to conceive are conspicuously absent. There is an urgent need to fill this knowledge gap because male fertility is in decline, with rising rates of obesity likely to be a contributing factor. Yet, we understand surprisingly little about nutritional impacts on male fertility. Aim: To examine the individual and interactive effects of protein, carbohydrates, and fats on male reproductive traits, we conducted a nutritional geometry study in adolescent C57Bl6 male mice. Method: Mice were fed one of ten isocaloric diets differing only in macronutrient balance (n = 6/diet) from 5 to 20 weeks of age. Reproductive organs were fixed/frozen and processed for a range of fertility-related measures. Results: We found that different aspects of reproductive function were influenced by different macronutrients. Testis mass and expression of HSD17B3 (testosterone biosynthesis) were positively related to the proportion of protein in the diet. In contrast, dietary fat had a stronger influence on male body mass and seminal vesicle mass. Both dietary protein and fat were found to influence testicular expression of genes with antioxidant functions (GSS, GPX1, GPX4). The number of seminiferous tubules and degree of vacuolation within seminiferous tubules were influenced by complex interactive effects between macronutrients. Conclusion: This foundational study suggests that a far more nuanced approach is required to develop pre-conception dietary recommendations for males, and reveals exciting new directions for research.

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Zabala Haro, Alicia Monserrath, e Álvaro Sebastián Ron Mora. "Malnutrition prevention strategy based on neonatal screening through the metcoff clinical method". Data and Metadata 2 (15 ottobre 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/dm202390.

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Child malnutrition is a widely distributed and studied pathology. The approach through the concept of the thousand days improves the understanding of the process, as well as the opportunities for intervention that can have an impact on the eradication of the pathology and improve the quality of life of the child and the future adult. The present documentary research work addresses infant deficit malnutrition and describes the development from the moment of conception to 2 years of age around fetal metabolic reprogramming particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy and compensatory growth "Catch up", opens the window to malnutrition in the immediate postnatal period, In addition, the introduction of sensitive CANS core tools that allow early detection of fetal malnutrition by labeling patients within a group of high nutritional risk in conjunction with those who present explicit alterations of deprivation suffered in pregnancy. Thus, we propose a community strategy based on four axes: early diagnosis of subclinical malnutrition, prioritization of the quality of health services, quality of data collection systems and social participation that, articulated with governmental strategies, optimizes the economic, political and institutional aspects for the eradication of child malnutrition.

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Rahman, Azizur, Parnian Baharlouei, Eleanor Hui Yan Koh, Diana Gabby Pirvu, Rameesha Rehmani, Mateo Arcos e Simron Puri. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Food: Evaluating Nutritional Value and Impact on Human Health". Foods 13, n. 2 (9 gennaio 2024): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13020208.

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In recent years, organic agriculture has gained more popularity, yet its approach to food production and its potential impact on consumers’ health and various environmental aspects remain to be fully discovered. The goal of organic farming practices is to maintain soil health, sustain ecological systems, maintain fairness in its relationship with the environment and protect the environment in its entirety. Various health benefits have been associated with higher consumption of organic foods. This review identified some of these health benefits, including a reduction in obesity and body mass index (BMI), improvements in blood nutrient composition as well as reductions in maternal obesity and pregnancy-associated preeclampsia risks. Furthermore, organic food consumption can reduce the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and colorectal cancers. Upon reviewing the existing literature regarding the nutritional value of organic foods, it was found that organic food contained higher levels of iron, magnesium and vitamin C. However, the evidence available to draw definitive causations remains limited due to study biases, short study durations and confounding variables; thus, it cannot be concluded that the organic diet provides any related health benefits. In this review, we provided essential insights and statistical analysis from the evidence available and consider study limitations to evaluate the potential of organic food consumption in positively impacting human health.

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Wardani, Lingga Kusuma, Vestin Aulia, Muhammad Hadhikul e Menina Kardila. "Risks of Stunting and Interventions to prevent Stunting". Journal of Community Engagement in Health 6, n. 2 (30 settembre 2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jceh.v6i2.528.

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Stunting is defined as a ratio of a child's height to age and gender that is below the standard deviation. Children are said to be short if their height is below -2 SD of the WHO standard deviation. Stunting occurs due to the impact of chronic malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life. According to Bloem 2013 the cause of stunting is malnutrition which involves several things, namely inadequate nutritional intake, difficulty in accessing strong food, lack of knowledge, and social, economic and political aspects as basic aspects. Stunting can cause cognitive disorders in the long term which will affect their economic potential (Prendergast, 2014). The risk of stunting can be caused by low birth weight (LBW), exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months, parents' education level, parents' income, and parents' height. To overcome the problem of stunting, the Government through Presidential Decree Number 42 of 2013 concerning the National Movement for the Acceleration of Nutrition with a focus on the age group in the first 1000 days of life (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2013), including: Pregnant women receive a minimum of 90 Blood Supplement Tablets during pregnancy , Providing Supplementary Food to pregnant women, Fulfillment of nutrition, Delivery with an expert doctor or midwife, Providing Early Breastfeeding Initiation , Providing exclusive breast milk (ASI) to babies up to 6 months of age, Providing Complementary Foods for Breast Milk (MP-ASI) for babies over 6 months to 2 years, Providing complete basic immunization and vitamin A, Monitoring the growth of toddlers at the nearest integrated health care center, Implementing Clean and Healthy Living Behavior. The main target is aimed at expectant mothers, pregnant women and mothers with children under five.

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Higginbottom, Gina M. A., Fabiana Mamede, Rubina Barolia, Helen Vallianatos e Thane Chambers. "Aboriginal and Immigrant Women’s Food Choices and Practices in Pregnancy: A Scoping Review". Canadian Journal of Midwifery Research and Practice 13, n. 1 (9 maggio 2024): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjmrp.v13i1.87.

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Dietary patterns of pregnant women are closely related to cultural values, beliefs, and various social and economic factors. Knowledge of the food choices and practices among pregnant Aboriginal and immigrant women, who both are vulnerable to poor pregnancy and birth outcomes, is essential for midwives and other maternity care providers to provide culturally appropriate care during pregnancy. A “scoping review,” guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, was performed to examine and outline the extent, range, and nature of empirical evidence on immigrant and Aboriginal women’s food practices during pregnancy. Assisted by an information scientist, a systematic search strategy without language or date restrictions was implemented in several electronic databases to identify primary research articles on the subject. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and charted the data, and team consensus was used for discrepancies. A descriptive analytical framework was followed to depict the existing narrative account of the included studies. Seventeen articles describing seven qualitative and ten quantitative research studies were selected for review, and nine themes were identified. This review will help midwives and other maternity care providers gain an understanding of the importance of culture for Aboriginal and immigrant women’s diets and of existing barriers so that prenatal care can be individually tailored to include nutritional advice and to optimize culturally appropriate care. More individual studies that focus on the cultural aspects of immigrants and Aboriginal pregnant women are needed to improve prenatal care. This article has been peer reviewed.

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Raju S, Ashiwini, Saraswathi Karelal, Suvarna Makam e Raghavendra R. Huchchannavar. "Understanding the burden of teenage pregnancy: A five-year analysis at a tertiary care center of northern Karnataka in India". Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 11, n. 2 (15 maggio 2024): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2024.051.

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: The present study was planned to comprehensively investigate the epidemiological aspects and clinical feto-maternal outcomes associated with teenage pregnancy, to provide a holistic understanding of teenage pregnancy and the possible solutions. : This is retrospective record-based research conducted over a five-year period, spanning from January 2018 to December 2022, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care centre in northern part of Karnataka, India. The teenage pregnancy was considered as all pregnancies that occurred in women aged between 13 to 19 years who visited the institute for delivery during the study period. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, encompassing various facets of their antenatal experiences, delivery methods, postpartum complications, as well as the well-being of the new-borns. : A total of deliveries 52,715 deliveries had been recorded in our institute during the study period. Among these deliveries, 1,754 were among teenagers, resulting in a prevalence rate of 3.33%. Nearly one-fifth (19.16%) of teenage mothers were short stature whereas only 7.02% of adult mothers were short stature. The relatively higher proportion of teenage mothers were underweight. Maternal and fetal complication were comparatively higher among teenage mothers whereas caesarean sections were relatively more among adult mothers. : The present study emphasizes the importance of targeted healthcare interventions, including improved prenatal care, nutritional support, and education for teenage mothers, to mitigate these risks and improve the overall health and well-being of both mothers and their infants.

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Muñóz Muñóz, Aránzazu, Sagrario Gómez-Cantarino, María de las Mercedes De Dios Aguado, Minerva Velasco Abellán, Beatríz González López, Brigida Molina Gallego, Juan Luis González Pascual e Natalia María Arias Palencia. "Nutritional habits and levels of physical activity during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period of women in Toledo (Spain): study protocol for a two-year prospective cohort study (the PrePaN study)". BMJ Open 9, n. 7 (luglio 2019): e029487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029487.

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IntroductionPregnant women who eat a balanced diet usually practice physical activity (PA) regularly; there are many studies on PA during pregnancy and the results for the mother and baby. However, the guideline for PA during pregnancy is very general and is not quantified. The primary objective of this study is to examine the nutritional habits and levels of PA of women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Second, it will determine the effects of these aspects on the mother and newborn baby. Its third objective is to identify the factors which influence the practice of PA during this phase.Methods and analysisSe trata de un estudio prospectivo de cohortes que dura 2 años, f rom de septiembre de 2018 para setiembre del 2020 La muestra será reclutado en tres Atención Primaria centros en el área de salud de Toledo (España). Las participantes serán mujeres embarazadas de 18 a 40 años. Ancianos que deben asistir a todos los controles durante el embarazo y el período posparto. La PA se cuantificará utilizando la acelerometría, mientras que los hábitos nutricionales y el ejercicio físico se evaluarán mediante cuestionarios validados. Se registrarán los síntomas del embarazo y el período posparto, junto con los parámetros bioquímicos y los datos antropométricos. Los resultados primarios se determinarán en las mujeres embarazadas: aumento de peso, incidencia de diabetes mellitus gestacional, preeclampsia e hipertensión inducida por el embarazo. Los resultados secundarios incluyen la duración del embarazo y el peso al nacer, la puntuación de Apgar (1 min / 5 min), el tipo de reanimación (I / II / III / IV) y el pH de la sangre del cordón umbilical en los recién nacidos.DiscussionAlthough the beneficial effects of PA during pregnancy are known, there is a need to perform studies that quantify the amount of PA undertaken by women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The objective of such studies is to establish science-based individualised guidelines for PA for women during this stage of their lives.

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Diniz, Mariana S., Luís F. Grilo, Carolina Tocantins, Inês Falcão-Pires e Susana P. Pereira. "Made in the Womb: Maternal Programming of Offspring Cardiovascular Function by an Obesogenic Womb". Metabolites 13, n. 7 (13 luglio 2023): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070845.

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Obesity incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially in women of reproductive age. It is estimated that 50% of pregnancies occur in overweight or obese women. It has been described that maternal obesity (MO) predisposes the offspring to an increased risk of developing many chronic diseases in an early stage of life, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the main cause of death worldwide among men and women, and it is manifested in a sex-divergent way. Maternal nutrition and MO during gestation could prompt CVD development in the offspring through adaptations of the offspring’s cardiovascular system in the womb, including cardiac epigenetic and persistent metabolic programming of signaling pathways and modulation of mitochondrial metabolic function. Currently, despite diet supplementation, effective therapeutical solutions to prevent the deleterious cardiac offspring function programming by an obesogenic womb are lacking. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which an obesogenic intrauterine environment could program the offspring’s cardiovascular metabolism in a sex-divergent way, with a special focus on cardiac mitochondrial function, and debate possible strategies to implement during MO pregnancy that could ameliorate, revert, or even prevent deleterious effects of MO on the offspring’s cardiovascular system. The impact of maternal physical exercise during an obesogenic pregnancy, nutritional interventions, and supplementation on offspring’s cardiac metabolism are discussed, highlighting changes that may be favorable to MO offspring’s cardiovascular health, which might result in the attenuation or even prevention of the development of CVD in MO offspring. The objectives of this manuscript are to comprehensively examine the various aspects of MO during pregnancy and explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to an increased CVD risk in the offspring. We review the current literature on MO and its impact on the offspring’s cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, we discuss the potential long-term consequences for the offspring. Understanding the multifaceted effects of MO on the offspring’s health is crucial for healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention to improve care.

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Armitage, Andrew E., e Diego Moretti. "The Importance of Iron Status for Young Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review". Pharmaceuticals 12, n. 2 (16 aprile 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12020059.

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Early childhood is characterised by high physiological iron demand to support processes including blood volume expansion, brain development and tissue growth. Iron is also required for other essential functions including the generation of effective immune responses. Adequate iron status is therefore a prerequisite for optimal child development, yet nutritional iron deficiency and inflammation-related iron restriction are widespread amongst young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), meaning iron demands are frequently not met. Consequently, therapeutic iron interventions are commonly recommended. However, iron also influences infection pathogenesis: iron deficiency reduces the risk of malaria, while therapeutic iron may increase susceptibility to malaria, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, besides reshaping the intestinal microbiome. This means caution should be employed in administering iron interventions to young children in LMIC settings with high infection burdens. In this narrative review, we first examine demand and supply of iron during early childhood, in relation to the molecular understanding of systemic iron control. We then evaluate the importance of iron for distinct aspects of physiology and development, particularly focusing on young LMIC children. We finally discuss the implications and potential for interventions aimed at improving iron status whilst minimising infection-related risks in such settings. Optimal iron intervention strategies will likely need to be individually or setting-specifically adapted according to iron deficiency, inflammation status and infection risk, while maximising iron bioavailability and considering the trade-offs between benefits and risks for different aspects of physiology. The effectiveness of alternative approaches not centred around nutritional iron interventions for children should also be thoroughly evaluated: these include direct targeting of common causes of infection/inflammation, and maternal iron administration during pregnancy.

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Koch, Richard, William Hanley, Harvey Levy, Kim Matalon, Reuben Matalon, Bobbye Rouse, Frederick Trefz et al. "The Maternal Phenylketonuria International Study: 1984–2002". Pediatrics 112, Supplement_4 (1 dicembre 2003): 1523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.s4.1523.

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Objective. The purpose of this report is to review the obstetric medical, psychological, and nutritional aspects and outcome of the women and offspring enrolled in the Maternal Phenylketonuria Study, which was established to assess the efficacy of a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet in preventing the morbidity associated with this disorder. Methods. A total of 382 women with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) were enrolled in the study and completed 572 pregnancies. Outcome measures were analyzed with χ2, Fisher exact text, analysis of variance, t test, Wilcoxon nonparametric test, and multiple logistic regression. Outcome measures were stratified according to maternal HPA classification and the time when dietary control was achieved. Results. Optimal birth outcomes occurred when maternal blood Phe levels between 120 and 360 μmol/L were achieved by 8 to 10 weeks of gestation and maintained throughout pregnancy (trimester averages of 600 μmol/L). Mothers with mild HPA achieved similar birth outcomes as mothers who were in control preconceptually and those in control by 8 to 10 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusions. Before conception, counseling and early entrance into a prenatal care program is essential in achieving optimal fetal outcome in women with HPA. The achievement of pre- and periconceptional dietary control with a Phe-restricted diet significantly decreased morbidity in the offspring of women with HPA.

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Malick, Martin. "Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnancy among women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 4, n. 3 (14 dicembre 2020): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/042.

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Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital (WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.

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Danaah Malick, Martin Mumuni, Aloysius Maalekuu e Odalys Hernandez Rivera. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy among Women Receiving Antenatal Care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana". International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, n. 08 (1 agosto 2020): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i08/915.

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Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital(WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.

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Bonvecchio Arenas, Anabelle, Wendy González, Florence L. Théodore, Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes, Armando Garcia-Guerra, Rocio Alvarado, Ana C. Fernández-Gaxiola, Cloe J. Rawlinson, Alejandría Villa de la Vega e Lynnette M. Neufeld. "Translating Evidence-Based Program Recommendations into Action: The Design, Testing, and Scaling Up of the Behavior Change Strategy EsIAN in Mexico". Journal of Nutrition 149, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2019): 2310S—2322S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz229.

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ABSTRACT Background The Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN in Spanish) is a national strategy within Mexico's conditional cash transfer program (initially Progresa, then Oportunidades, then Prospera, CCT-POP) designed to strengthen the health and nutrition component, address the nutrition transition, and improve the health and nutritional status of its beneficiaries, through 3 main components: 1) procurement of functioning equipment to primary health care (PHC) units; 2) providing free micronutrient supplements to beneficiary women and children; 3) implementing a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy and a training system for PHC providers (PHCPs). Objective We aim to describe the iterative process and evidence-based approach used to design and roll-out the EsIAN at scale, by focusing on the BCC component. Methods The BCC strategy was developed by following an iterative process through the following phases: situational analysis, formative research and design of the BCC strategy (using the socioecological framework and the social marketing approach), large-scale feasibility study, redesign, and national scale-up. Results The review and formative research revealed several barriers and issues that limited program coverage, utilization, and acceptance. These included misconceptions about pregnancy and infant feeding, nonalignment of practices with international recommendations, and lack of knowledge on nutrition and related topics, among others. These results were used to identify priority behaviors and elaborate key messages for mothers/caregivers and providers to develop the BCC strategy. The feasibility study resulted in significant improvements in PHCPs’ knowledge, counseling (breastfeeding, and supplement use and consumption), and caregivers’ complementary feeding behaviors, and highlighted several design and delivery aspects that needed strengthening. Based on these findings, the BCC strategy was adapted prior to a national scale-up. Conclusions The theory-based iterative approach resulted in the identification of specific actions to target, and approaches to do so, as part of the design and roll-out of the BCC strategy at scale.

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Arnedillo-Sánchez, Socorro, Jose Antonio Suffo-Abouza, Miguel Ángel Carmona-Rodríguez, Rubén Morilla-Romero-de-la-Osa e Inmaculada Arnedillo-Sánchez. "Importance Assigned to Breastfeeding by Spanish Pregnant Women and Associated Factors: A Survey-Based Multivariate Linear Correlation Study". Nutrients 16, n. 13 (2 luglio 2024): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16132116.

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Breastfeeding education, across all disciplines, is often inconsistent and lacking in expertise and confidence. However, recommendations from health professionals, the sociocultural environment, and previous knowledge and experiences significantly influence women’s decision to breastfeed. This study aimed to identify factors that promote the assignment of greater importance to breastfeeding and associated practical benefits. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 276 participants who completed a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and multivariate linear models were applied to identify factors influencing the importance assigned to breastfeeding. Most participants were married or in a relationship, were native Spaniards, had secondary or higher education, and had an average age of 32.6 years. Seventy percent met the physical activity recommendations, and 91% felt comfortable with their body image during pregnancy. The importance assigned to breastfeeding was high across various aspects, except for postpartum weight loss and body image. Group prenatal care was only significantly associated with the importance assigned to the breastfeeding technique (how to breastfeed). The obesogenic environment and the importance assigned to nutritional aspects and physical activity also turned out to be predictors, although not for all models. In our region, the educational strategy of antenatal care groups could contain gaps regarding the mother’s health, which should be addressed in the future to improve results regarding the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding.

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