Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pre-silicon evaluation"
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1
Radue, C., e E. E. van Dyk. "Pre-deployment evaluation of amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules". Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91, n. 2-3 (gennaio 2007): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.07.007.
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Latukhina, N. V., D. A. Pisarenko, A. V. Volkov e V. A. Kitaeva. "PHOTOSENSITIVE MATRIX BASED ON POROUS MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON". Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 17, n. 5 (14 giugno 2017): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2011-17-5-115-121.
Abstract (sommario):
The article presents the results of experimental researches of optoelectric properties of porous silicon. Layers of porous silicon were formed using electrochemical etching process in water-alcohol solutions of hydrofluoric acid on plates with a pre-established microrelief surface. Evaluation of possibility of using of created structure as the artificial retina component was performed based on the results of the research.
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Kim, Gyu Hyun, Geun Min Choi e Young Wook Song. "Evaluation of Wafer Drying Methods for GIGA-LEVEL Device Fabrication". Solid State Phenomena 103-104 (aprile 2005): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.103-104.67.
Abstract (sommario):
This study deals with drying induced water marks dependency on the last cleaning methods, substrate conditions, and drying pre-step delaying times, which are supposed to become a big issue with down scaling of device geometry. The data show that water marks induced by drying failure increase with increasing contact angle on the various surfaces. They are mainly composed of either silicon oxide only or silicon oxide with organic compounds. The former is removed by a dilute HF and/or hot SC-1 treatment and the latter is removed by organic removal cleaning followed by dilute HF etching.
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Guilley, Sylvain, Khaled Karray, Thomas Perianin, Ritu-Ranjan Shrivastwa, Youssef Souissi e Sofiane Takarabt. "Side-Channel Evaluation Methodology on Software". Cryptography 4, n. 4 (25 settembre 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography4040027.
Abstract (sommario):
Cryptographic implementations need to be robust amidst the widespread use of crypto-libraries and attacks targeting their implementation, such as side-channel attacks (SCA). Many certification schemes, such as Common Criteria and FIPS 140, continue without addressing side-channel flaws. Research works mostly tackle sophisticated attacks with simple use-cases, which is not the reality where end-to-end evaluation is not trivial. In this study we used all due diligence to assess the invulnerability of a given implementation from the shoes of an evaluator. In this work we underline that there are two kinds of SCA: horizontal and vertical. In terms of quotation, measurement and exploitation, horizontal SCA is easier. If traces are constant-time, then vertical attacks become convenient, since there is no need for specific alignment (“value based analysis”). We introduce our new methodology: Vary the key to select sensitive samples, where the values depend upon the key, and subsequently vary the mask to uncover unmasked key-dependent leakage, i.e., the flaws. This can be done in the source code (pre-silicon) for the designer or on the actual traces (post-silicon) for the test-lab. We also propose a methodology for quotations regarding SCA unlike standards that focus on only one aspect (like number of traces) and forgets about other aspects (such as equipment; cf. ISO/IEC 20085-1.
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Willems, Geert, e Herman Maes. "Evaluation of a Pre-Objective Scan System for the Laser Recrystallization of Silicon on Insulator Material". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 31, Part 1, No. 8 (15 agosto 1992): 2631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.31.2631.
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Hossain, Sk Saddam, Soumya Sarkar, Naresh Kr Oraon e Ashok Ranjan. "Pre-ceramic polymer-derived open/closed cell silicon carbide foam: microstructure, phase evaluation, and thermal properties". Journal of Materials Science 51, n. 21 (20 luglio 2016): 9865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0220-1.
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Zaman, Muhammad Yousuf, Denis Perrone, Sergio Ferrero, Luciano Scaltrito e Marco Naretto. "Evaluation of Correct Value of Richardson's Constant by Analyzing the Electrical Behavior of Three Different Diodes at Different Temperatures". Materials Science Forum 711 (gennaio 2012): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.711.174.
Abstract (sommario):
Various attempts have been made to evaluate the correct value (A*=146 A/cm2.K2) ofRichardson's constant. In 2005 S. Ferrero et al. published their research in which they performedan analysis of electrical characterizations of twenty Ti/4H-SiC(titanium on silicon carbide) Schottkydiodes with the help of thermionic emission theory and evaluated the value of Richardson's constantto be 17±8 A/cm2.K2; which is very low as compared to the theoretical value of 146 A/cm2.K2.Wehave tried in this paper to evaluate the Richardson's constant's value by nearly same experimental tech-niques followed by S. Ferrero et al. and additionally, have applied Tung's theoretical approach whichdeals with the incorrect value of A* in the perspective of Schottky barrier inhomogeneities caused bythe presence of nanometer size low barrier patches present in the uniform high barrier of the Schottkydiode.We have fabricated two Ti/4H-SiC (titanium on silicon carbide) Schottky diodes with differentareas and oneMo/4H-SiC (molybdenumon silicon carbide) Schottky diode. In this paper we have pre-sented a comparative analysis of forward current-voltage characteristics of all three Schottky diodes.In all three cases we were successful in the evaluation of nearly correct value of Richardson's constant.This work emphasizes the effects of differentmetal-SiC combinations and laboratory environments onthe evaluation of Richardson's constant and the effective area involved in the current transport. As pre-dicted by Tung's model the effective area is seen to be substantially different from the geometric areaof the Schottky diode. Evaluated values of A*, with an error of ±2, come out to be 145.39, 148.33and 148.33 A/cm2.K2for Ti/4H-SiC(large area), Mo/4H-SiC and Ti/4H-SiC(small area) Schottkydiodes, respectively.
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Radun, V., R. P. von Metzen, T. Stieglitz, V. Bucher e A. Stett. "Evaluation of adhesion promoters for Parylene C on gold metallization". Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, n. 1 (1 settembre 2015): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0118.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractDelamination of thin film polymeric coatings from metallization layers is a common cause of failure in biomedical implants. To address the problem, different adhesion promotion techniques can be applied which include surface pre-treatment with oxygen and argon plasma and the use of different adhesion promoters. In this paper the applicability of titanium (Ti), silicon oxide (SiOx), diamond-like carbon (DLC), tetramethylsilane (TMS) and aluminium oxide (AlOx) as adhesion promoters is evaluated. A cross cut, peel and scratch test are used to qualify and quantify the adhesion before and after storage in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 °C. Promising results could be achieved by a combination of Ti and DLC as well as by AlOx.
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Shibata, Satoshi, Fumitoshi Kawase, Akihiko Kitada, Takashi Kouzaki e Akira Kitamura. "Evaluation of Pre-Amorphized Layer Thickness and Interface Quality of High-Dose Shallow Implanted Silicon by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry". IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 23, n. 4 (novembre 2010): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsm.2010.2072450.
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Galaktionova, L. V., A. M. Korotkova, N. A. Terekhova, N. I. Voskobulova e S. V. Lebedev. "Evaluation of the use of silicon and iron nanoform for pre-sowing treatment of <i>Pisum sativum</i> seeds". Agrarian science, n. 12 (18 gennaio 2023): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-81-86.
Abstract (sommario):
Relevance. Modern plant growing technologies are associated with the use of nanoparticles for pre-sowing seed treatment. The article presents the results of studying the effect of pre-sowing treatment of Pisum sativum seeds with solutions of iron and silicon nanooxides on the germination, viability and yield of plants in the conditions of the Southern Ural. Methods. For pre-sowing treatment of seeds, solutions of nanoparticles of SiO2 and Fe3O4 were used at a concentration of 10–2, 10–3 and 10–4 mg/l, as well as a solution of mixture of two oxides. Cell viability was assessed by the method of Vijayaraghavaraddy, superoxide dismutase activity was determined by Giannopolitis and Ries, catalase, lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde content – by Heath and Packer, and the fractional composition of proteins in seeds – by Chen. Results. Determination of the germination of P. sativum showed a significant stimulation of seed germination and an increase in catalase activity when seeds were treated with SiO2 in two concentrations (up to 83 % and 146 %), Fe3O4 (up to 111 %) and Fe3O4 + SiO2 (up to 47 %). A decrease in the content of malonic dialdehyde due to the treatment with SiO2 and its mixture with Fe3O4 (up to 40 %) was noted. Against the background of the use of nanoparticles for pre-sowing seed treatment, the composition of the protein complex changed due to an increase in the pool of albumins by 88 % and a decrease in the content of globulins down to 9,8 %.
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Farahmandi, Farimah, Ankur Srivastava, Giorgio Di Natale e Mark Tehranipoor. "Introduction to the Special Issue on CAD for Security: Pre-silicon Security Sign-off Solutions Through Design Cycle". ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 19, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3584317.
Abstract (sommario):
This introduction welcomes all readers to this ACM JETC special issue on CAD for Security: Pre-silicon Security Sign-off Solutions Through Design Cycle. The articles published in this special issue reflect how computer-aided design (CAD) tools are developed to expand the notion of automated security verification throughout the system-on-chip (SoC) design cycle. This special issue aims to demonstrate how the semiconductor industry must look for security-oriented metrics and evaluation as part of automatic CAD solution development to aid analysis, identifying, root-causing, and mitigating SoC security problems. Throughout this introductory note, we first represent the need for such a security-oriented sign-off solution for the ASIC design flow, then it is followed by providing an overview of the articles published in this special issue and how they address such requirements.
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WRÓBEL-KNYSAK, Anna, e Barbara KUCHARSKA. "THE ABRASION OF AL-SI COATINGS WITH DIFFERENT SILICON CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY, APPLIED IN AUTOMOTIVE SILENCERS". Tribologia 269, n. 5 (31 ottobre 2016): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6701.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper compares the abrasibility of aluminium-silicon coatings with silicon crystals of various forms. The tests were performed on Al-Si coatings with the chemical comp67890-osition corresponding to that of hypoeutectic and peritectic silumins (6-10wt% Si), manufactured by hot-dipping on type X2CrTi12 steel and by cold cladding with 60% cold reduction on AlMn1Cu alloy. The hot-dip coatings deposited on X2CrTi12 steel were investigated as made and after a two-stage heat treatment: 420oC/2h/water and 120oC/2h/air. The morphology, shape, and size of silicon crystals in the coatings were studied under a microscope and with the image analysis technique (determining the shape factor among other parameters). Image analysis was also applied to the evaluation of abrasive wear resistance of the coatings using a ball wear test. Their adhesion strength was tested with the scratch test method. The test results indicated that the change in Al-Si coating silicon crystal morphology (from large sharp edged and needle-like to smaller rounded particles) was heat induced, which, compared to the pre-treatment condition, lowered abrasion resistance values and produced a more uniform abrasion loss. This condition was regarded as more desirable in terms of maintaining the coating continuity during drawing, with no risk of spalling. It was also demonstrated that clad Al-Si coatings could provide an alternative solution for the widely used hot dip coatings on steel sheet.
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Chock, C., K. Flood, L. Macchiarulo, F. Martinez-Mckinney, A. Martinez-Rojas, S. Mazza, I. Mostafanezhad et al. "First test results of the trans-impedance amplifier stage of the ultra-fast HPSoC ASIC". Journal of Instrumentation 18, n. 02 (1 febbraio 2023): C02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/c02016.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract We present the first results from the HPSoC ASIC designed for readout of Ultra-fast Silicon Detectors. The 4-channel ASIC manufactured in 65 nm CMOS by TSMC has been optimized for 50 μm thick AC-LGAD. The evaluation of the analog front end with β-particles impinging on 3 × 3 AC-LGAD arrays (500 μm pitch, 200 × 200 μm2 metal) confirms a fast output rise time of 600 ps and good timing performance with a jitter of 45 ps. Further calibration experiments and TCT laser studies indicate some gain limitations that are being investigated and are driving the design of the second-generation pre-amplification stages to reach a jitter of 15 ps.
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Pang, Ilsun, Sungsoo Kim e Jaegab Lee. "Significantly Improved Adhesion of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofilms to Amino-Silane Monolayer Pre-Patterned SiO2 Surfaces". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, n. 11 (1 novembre 2007): 3792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.028.
Abstract (sommario):
This study reports a novel patterning method for highly pure poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanofilms having a particularly strong adhesion to a SiO2 surface. An oxidized silicon wafer substrate was micro-contact printed with n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) monolayer, and subsequently its negative pattern was self-assembled with three different amino-functionalized alkylsilanes, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (EDAS), and (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (DETS). Then, PEDOT nanofilms were selectively grown on the aminosilane pre-patterned areas via the vapor phase polymerization method. To evaluate the adhesion and patterning, the PEDOT nanofilms and SAMs were investigated with a Scotch® tape test, contact angle analyzer, optical and atomic force microscopes. The evaluation revealed that the newly developed bottom-up process can successfully offer a strongly adhered and selectively patterned PEDOT nanofilm on an oxidized Si wafer surface.
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Pang, Ilsun, Sungsoo Kim e Jaegab Lee. "Significantly Improved Adhesion of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanofilms to Amino-Silane Monolayer Pre-Patterned SiO2 Surfaces". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, n. 11 (1 novembre 2007): 3792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18074.
Abstract (sommario):
This study reports a novel patterning method for highly pure poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanofilms having a particularly strong adhesion to a SiO2 surface. An oxidized silicon wafer substrate was micro-contact printed with n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) monolayer, and subsequently its negative pattern was self-assembled with three different amino-functionalized alkylsilanes, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (EDAS), and (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (DETS). Then, PEDOT nanofilms were selectively grown on the aminosilane pre-patterned areas via the vapor phase polymerization method. To evaluate the adhesion and patterning, the PEDOT nanofilms and SAMs were investigated with a Scotch® tape test, contact angle analyzer, optical and atomic force microscopes. The evaluation revealed that the newly developed bottom-up process can successfully offer a strongly adhered and selectively patterned PEDOT nanofilm on an oxidized Si wafer surface.
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Hystad, Grethe, Asmaa Boujibar, Nan Liu, Larry R. Nittler e Robert M. Hazen. "Evaluation of the classification of pre-solar silicon carbide grains using consensus clustering with resampling methods: An assessment of the confidence of grain assignments". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, n. 1 (3 dicembre 2021): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3478.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT We report the use of several cluster analysis techniques to evaluate the classification of pre-solar silicon carbide (SiC) grains. The stability of clusters and the confidence of individual cluster assignments of grains are assessed using consensus clustering with resampling methods. Our analysis shows that pre-solar SiC grains can be divided into seven groups that are found to be highly stable with most of the grains being assigned to the same cluster for at least 90 per cent of the time over multiple aggregated clustering. Among the seven groups, two groups are dominated by AB grains, three groups by MS grains, one group by Z grains, and one group by X grains. The further division of X grains into two groups is highly dependent on the chosen algorithm and is therefore uncertain. Z and Y grains are clustered jointly with MS grains, with one group dominated by Z grains, pointing to their common origins from low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars. The most stable N grain-containing clusters are dominated by 15N-rich AB grains. However, some methods assign N grains with X grains, but in less stable clusters. The suggested genetic relationship among 15N-rich AB, N, and X grains is in line with the recent proposal that all three types of pre-solar SiC grains came from core collapse supernovae. We discuss the results from different clustering techniques based on our assessment of the cluster stabilities and the extent to which the cluster assignments overlap across the different methods.
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Zhen, Hu, Zhao Wei, Gu Xiao, Chen Dong, Chen Haijie, Xu Hong e Kim Hwee Tan. "Numerical simulation on the warpage of reconstructed wafer during encapsulation process". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2021, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 000112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1085-8024-2021.1.000112.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract At present, the general fan-out package generally uses the molding process and uses epoxy molding compound (EMC) material to complete the reconstruction of wafer, but it is not friendly to small-size chips and high fan-out ratio packaging types. In order to solve the problem of small size and high fan-out ratio and other fan-out packaging, JCET ADVANCED PACKAGING CO., LTD. introduced a new kind of encapsulation material, and the wafer reconstruction process in the fan out package is accomplished through three basic processes, such as the lamination process, the leveling process and the silicon support process. However, it also faces warpage problems after curing. Excessive warpage poses a significant challenge to subsequent RDL fabrication, mid-testing and process automation. In this paper, the actual process is reasonably assumed and finite element methods are used to study the effects of chip thickness, fan-out area, the encapsulation material properties and support silicon wafer on the warpage after curing. The lamination process is that an airbag slowly squeezes the encapsulation material into the fan-out area, and the pressure of the airbag can be adjusted by the gas in and out. The wafer surface is uneven after the lamination process, so it needs to be leveled by the leveling process. Leveling process is to make the uneven surface smooth by a heavy and proper amount of steel plate. The encapsulation material is soft, so it is necessary to support the silicon wafer in order to enhance the strength of the structure. In this paper, the curing process is divided into two processes: pre curing process and post curing process. The main function of pre curing is to shape the encapsulation material, and then post curing can make the encapsulation material, chip and supporting silicon have a better combination. The lamination, leveling, and silicon support processes do not involve higher temperatures, so it can be assumed that the reconstructed wafer has no residual stress and warpage. In order to save computer resources and shorten the verification period, the geometric model of simulation is simplified under the condition of ensuring accuracy. Through the finite element method to explore the influence of structural characteristics and material characteristics on the wafer warpage, the selection of parameters is determined according to the actual situation, so as to meet the manufacturability of the structure. The results indicate that with the increase of the thickness of the encapsulated material the encapsulation, wafer warpage is gradually increasing, while the encapsulation material with low modulus and small CTE can improve warpage performance. High modulus, thicker support silicon has a significant effect on reducing warpage, and larger CTE support silicon can also effectively reduce wafer warpage because the larger CTE support silicon reduces the degree of mismatch with the encapsulation CTE. Thinner chips and high fan-out areas tend to increase the warpage of the reconstituted wafer. The study of warpage of package structure and material properties can provide theoretical basis for predicting and improving warpage during the design and evaluation phase of the product.
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Hassan, Ahmed, Maxim Yutkin, Viswasanthi Chandra e Tadeusz Patzek. "Quality Evaluation of Epoxy Pore Casts Using Silicon Micromodels: Application to Confocal Imaging of Carbonate Samples". Applied Sciences 11, n. 12 (16 giugno 2021): 5557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125557.
Abstract (sommario):
Pore casting refers to filling the void spaces of porous materials with an extraneous fluid, usually epoxy resin, to obtain a high-strength composite material, stabilize a fragile porous structure, produce a three-dimensional replica of the pore space, or provide imaging contrast. Epoxy pore casting may be accompanied by additional procedures, such as etching, in which the material matrix is dissolved, leaving a clean cast. Moreover, an epoxy resin may be mixed with fluorophore substances to allow fluorescence imaging. Our work aims to investigate and optimize the epoxy pore casting procedure parameters, for example, impregnation pressure. We use silicon micromodels as a reference to validate the key parameters of high-pressure resin impregnation. We demonstrate possible artifacts and defects that might develop during impregnation with resin, e.g., resin shrinkage and gas trapping. In the end, we developed an optimized protocol to produce high-quality resin pore casts for high-resolution 3D imaging and the description of microporosity in micritic carbonates. In our applications, the high-quality pore casts were acid-etched to remove the non-transparent carbonate material, making the pore casts suitable for imaging with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). In addition, we evaluate the quality of our etching procedure using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans of the pre- and post-etched samples and demonstrate that the etched epoxy pore casts represent the pore space of microporous carbonate rock samples with high fidelity.
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Lymanets, A. "The Silicon Tracking System of the CBM Experiment at FAIR". Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, n. 7 (17 settembre 2019): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.7.607.
Abstract (sommario):
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR (Darmstadt, Germany) is designed to study the dense nuclear matter in a fixed target configuration with heavy ion beams up to kinetic energies of 11 AGeV for Au+Au collision. The charged particle tracking with below 2% momentum resolution will be performed by the Silicon Tracking System (STS) located in the aperture of a dipole magnet. The detector will be able to reconstruct secondary decay vertices of rare probes, e.g., multistrange hyperons, with 50 мm spatial resolution in the heavy-ion collision environment with up to 1000 charged particle per inelastic interaction at the 10 MHz collision rate. This task requires a highly granular fast detector with radiation tolerance enough to withstand a particle fluence of up to 1014 neq/cm2 1-MeV equivalent accumulated over several years of operation. The system comprises 8 tracking stations based on double-sided silicon microstrip sensors with 58 мm pitch and strips oriented at 7.5∘ stereo angle. The analog signals are read out via stacked microcables (up to 50 cm long) by the front-end electronics based on the STS-XYTER ASIC with self-triggering architecture. Detector modules with this structure will have a material budget between 0.3% and 1.5% radiation length increasing towards the periphery. First detector modules and ladders built from pre-final components have been operated in the demonstrator experiment mCBM at GSI-SIS18 (FAIR Phase-0) providing a test stand for the performance evaluation and system integration. The results of mSTS detector commissioning and the performance in the beam will be presented.
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Mujeeb, Abdul, Bhadra Rao, Satti Narayana Reddy, Kanchan Mehta e G. Saritha. "An Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Etch Adhesive on Pre-etched Enamel: An in vitro Study". Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, n. 6 (2013): 1036–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1446.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Aim To determine the shear bond strength of self-etch adhesive G-bond on pre-etched enamel. Materials and methods Thirty caries free human mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were used for the study. Occlusal surfaces of all the teeth were flattened with diamond bur and a silicon carbide paper was used for surface smoothening. The thirty samples were randomly grouped into three groups. Three different etch systems were used for the composite build up: group 1 (G-bond self-etch adhesive system), group 2 (G-bond) and group 3 (Adper single bond). Light cured was applied for 10 seconds with a LED unit for composite buildup on the occlusal surface of each tooth with 8 millimeters (mm) in diameter and 3 mm in thickness. The specimens in each group were tested in shear mode using a knife-edge testing apparatus in a universal testing machine across head speed of 1 mm/ minute. Shear bond strength values in Mpa were calculated from the peak load at failure divided by the specimen surface area. The mean shear bond strength of all the groups were calculated and statistical analysis was carried out using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results The mean bond strength of group 1 is 15.5 Mpa, group 2 is 19.5 Mpa and group 3 is 20.1 Mpa. Statistical analysis was carried out between the groups using one-way ANOVA. Group 1 showed statistically significant lower bond strength when compared to groups 2 and 3. No statistical significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Self-etch adhesive G-bond showed increase in shear bond strength on pre-etched enamel. How to cite this article Rao B, Reddy SN, Mujeeb A, Mehta K, Saritha G. An Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Etch Adhesive on Pre-etched Enamel: An In vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1036-1038.
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Chiarelli, Antonio Maria, David Perpetuini, Pierpaolo Croce, Giuseppe Greco, Leonardo Mistretta, Raimondo Rizzo, Vincenzo Vinciguerra et al. "Fiberless, Multi-Channel fNIRS-EEG System Based on Silicon Photomultipliers: Towards Sensitive and Ecological Mapping of Brain Activity and Neurovascular Coupling". Sensors 20, n. 10 (16 maggio 2020): 2831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102831.
Abstract (sommario):
Portable neuroimaging technologies can be employed for long-term monitoring of neurophysiological and neuropathological states. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalography (EEG) are highly suited for such a purpose. Their multimodal integration allows the evaluation of hemodynamic and electrical brain activity together with neurovascular coupling. An innovative fNIRS-EEG system is here presented. The system integrated a novel continuous-wave fNIRS component and a modified commercial EEG device. fNIRS probing relied on fiberless technology based on light emitting diodes and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). SiPMs are sensitive semiconductor detectors, whose large detection area maximizes photon harvesting from the scalp and overcomes limitations of fiberless technology. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio and avoid fNIRS-EEG interference, a digital lock-in was implemented for fNIRS signal acquisition. A benchtop characterization of the fNIRS component showed its high performances with a noise equivalent power below 1 pW. Moreover, the fNIRS-EEG device was tested in vivo during tasks stimulating visual, motor and pre-frontal cortices. Finally, the capabilities to perform ecological recordings were assessed in clinical settings on one Alzheimer’s Disease patient during long-lasting cognitive tests. The system can pave the way to portable technologies for accurate evaluation of multimodal brain activity, allowing their extensive employment in ecological environments and clinical practice.
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KANCHANA BHAASKARAN, V. S., e J. P. RAINA. "PRE-RESOLVE AND SENSE ADIABATIC LOGIC FOR 100 KHZ TO 500 MHZ FREQUENCY CLASSES". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, n. 05 (agosto 2012): 1250045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500454.
Abstract (sommario):
The novel pre-resolve and Sense Adiabatic Logic (PSAL) is a less complex quasi-adiabatic logic circuit usable for frequency range from 100 KHz to 500 MHz. It employs a large height pre-resolved nMOS structured tree and a differential sensing logic. The logic realizes superior energy efficiency through reduced silicon area requirement, low circuit latency, glitch-free output and less switching transients. Significant reduction in switched capacitance realizes enhanced speed performance. Furthermore, evaluation of more than one level of gate (or a complex gate) in each phase makes use of less number of buffers possible, in the adiabatic pipeline. With circuit latency being a major impediment of four-phase adiabatic logic styles, PSAL achieves better throughput and reduced critical path length leading to improved frequency performance. The nMOS structured cascode tree and differential sensing logic help overcome the incomplete charge-recovery and the floating output node problems prevalent in adiabatic logic structures. Full custom and modular flow is adopted in the circuit designs. The design is proved energy-efficient for both low and high frequency ranges of the order of 200 KHz and 500 MHz, respectively for an 8-bit multiplier. Full-custom designs are done using 350 nm CMOS technology library from Austria Micro Systems. Performance efficiency is proved through comparisons with static CMOS and PFAL equivalent circuits through extensive post-layout simulations.
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Dmitrienko, N. U., L. R. Sarap e E. A. Kirienkova. "Evaluation of microcirculation in the pulp of immature permanent teeth by ultrasound doppler after direct pulp capping with bioactive materials". Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 17, n. 2 (30 giugno 2018): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2018-17-2-26-29.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives. Our objectives were to study microcirculations in the pulp of immature permanent teeth after direct pulp capping with bioactive materials at long-term (6 and 12 months). Material and methods. In 30 children aged 6 to 13 years, 53 immature permanent teeth were treated by direct pulp capping. In group 1 (n = 29) was used a material based on dicalcium- and tricalcium silicates and calcium carbonate («Biodentine»); in group 2 (n = 24) was used a material based on calcium, silicon and aluminum oxides («Trioxident»). Vas, Vam, Qas, Qam, PI were evaluated before the treatment, 6 and 12 months after treatment, and also in intact teeth, congruent group affiliation. Results. The parameters of microcirculation of the studied teeth before treatment in both groups were statistically significantly higher than in intact teeth. At 6 and 12 months after treatment, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in blood flow rates compared to pre-treatment rates. Conclusion. Normalization of blood flow indicators (Vas, Vam, Qas, Qam) occurred in group 1 after 6 months. In group 2, Vas and Qas restored at 12 months, while Vam and Qam remained elevated. PI in both groups did not reach normal values.
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Ghosh, Abhishek Kumar, Sonny F. Burniston, Daniel Krentzel, Abhishek Roy, Adil Shoaib Sheikh, Talha Siddiq, Paula Mai Phuong Trinh et al. "A Novel Fetal Movement Simulator for the Performance Evaluation of Vibration Sensors for Wearable Fetal Movement Monitors". Sensors 20, n. 21 (23 ottobre 2020): 6020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216020.
Abstract (sommario):
Fetal movements (FM) are an important factor in the assessment of fetal health. However, there is currently no reliable way to monitor FM outside clinical environs. While extensive research has been carried out using accelerometer-based systems to monitor FM, the desired accuracy of detection is yet to be achieved. A major challenge has been the difficulty of testing and calibrating sensors at the pre-clinical stage. Little is known about fetal movement features, and clinical trials involving pregnant women can be expensive and ethically stringent. To address these issues, we introduce a novel FM simulator, which can be used to test responses of sensor arrays in a laboratory environment. The design uses a silicon-based membrane with material properties similar to that of a gravid abdomen to mimic the vibrations due to fetal kicks. The simulator incorporates mechanisms to pre-stretch the membrane and to produce kicks similar to that of a fetus. As a case study, we present results from a comparative study of an acoustic sensor, an accelerometer, and a piezoelectric diaphragm as candidate vibration sensors for a wearable FM monitor. We find that the acoustic sensor and the piezoelectric diaphragm are better equipped than the accelerometer to determine durations, intensities, and locations of kicks, as they have a significantly greater response to changes in these conditions than the accelerometer. Additionally, we demonstrate that the acoustic sensor and the piezoelectric diaphragm can detect weaker fetal movements (threshold wall displacements are less than 0.5 mm) compared to the accelerometer (threshold wall displacement is 1.5 mm) with a trade-off of higher power signal artefacts. Finally, we find that the piezoelectric diaphragm produces better signal-to-noise ratios compared to the other two sensors in most of the cases, making it a promising new candidate sensor for wearable FM monitors. We believe that the FM simulator represents a key development towards enabling the eventual translation of wearable FM monitoring garments.
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Radzi, N. A. M., A. H. Sofian e S. S. Jamari. "Studies on the modification of fly ash structure with alkaline pre-treatment as a green composite flame retardant filler". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1195, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1195/1/012015.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract A green composite made up of renewable and recyclable materials has become one of the advanced material’s attractive topics. The smooth fly ash surface used in the green composite for flame retardancy enhancement are hard to bind with hydrophobic polymer. Thus, the surface modification of this filler is needed to increase its surface roughness and pore size to be more compatible with its polymer matrix. In this research study, the alkaline pre-treatment of fly ash has been performed by using sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) with various concentrations (5 w/w%, 10 w/w%, 15 w/w%, 20 w/w%). For pore size and morphological of the filler’s evaluation, few analyses such as Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) pore size and volume analysis were conducted. Treated fly ash with 20 w/w% sodium hydroxide concentration gives the better morphological structure in terms of pore diameter, volume, area and high composition of aluminium, silicon with lower calcium and sulphur contents compared to others. Hence, the potential of the physiochemical properties of the green composite produced by using this modified filler will be improved as the adhesiveness of the filler with its matrix increased.
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Orel, Laura, Oana-Alexandra Velea-Barta, Luminita-Maria Nica, Andreea-Simona Boscornea-Pușcu, Razvan Mihai Horhat, Roxana-Maria Talpos-Niculescu, Cosmin Sinescu et al. "Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of Three Thermally Treated Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Instruments on Standardized 3D-printed Dental Replicas Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography". Medicina 57, n. 9 (29 agosto 2021): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090901.
Abstract (sommario):
Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to compare the efficacy of three root canal preparation systems in the shaping of 3D-printed root canal replicas of single rooted teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty 3D-printed root canal replicas were produced and divided into three groups, each consisting of twenty samples. Each group was shaped with a different instrument: Reciproc Blue R25/08 (VDW GmbH, Munich, Gemany), WaveOne Gold Primary 25/07 (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and ProTaper Gold F2 25/08 (Denstply Sirona). To ensure the reproducibility of pre- and post-operative CBCT images of the root canals, the endodontic printed replicas were placed in a mould of silicon impression material. A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) software was used to compare pre- and post-instrumentation images collected at three levels of the root canal length: 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apical foramen. The amount of transportation, centring ability, and curvature angle after shaping were evaluated for each system. The results were statistically analysed and compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Regarding the transportation of the root canal after shaping, significant differences between groups at 3 mm (p = 0.010721) and 6 mm (p = 0.000046) were recorded in the mesio-distal direction, while in the bucco-lingual significant differences were only observed at 6 mm (p = 0.000554). Reciproc Blue removed more dentin from the mesial and buccal wall of the root canal. When evaluating the centring ability of the three systems, significant differences were observed between the groups at the level of 9 mm (p = 0.037258) in the mesio-distal direction, and at the level of 6 mm (p = 0.038197) in the bucco-lingual direction. Significant differences of the canal curvature angle after shaping were also observed between groups (p = 0.000001). Reciproc Blue straightened the curvature the most, while ProTaper Gold the least. Conclusions: All systems produced minor root canal transportation. No instrument was able to achieve a perfect centring preparation of the root canal. All systems produced a small degree of root canal straightening.
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Skienhe, Hasan, e Roland Habchi. "Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Zirconia following Different Surface Treatments". Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 19, n. 2 (2018): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2230.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on roughness, grain size, and phase transformation of presintered zirconia. Materials and methods Surface treatments included airborne particle abrasion (APA) before and after sintering with different particles shape, size, and pressure (50 μm Al2O3, 50 μm glass beads, and ceramic powder). Thirty-five square-shaped presintered yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic slabs (Zenostar ZR bridge, Wieland) were prepared (4 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with silicon carbide grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000 to ensure identical initial roughness. Specimens were divided into five groups according to surface treatment: group I (control): no surface treatment; group II: APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering; group III: APA 50 μm Al2O3 particles before sintering; group IV: APA 50 μm glass bead particles before sintering; and group V: APA ceramic powder before sintering. Specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and tested for shear bond strength (SBS). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc tests for multiple comparisons Tukey's test (α ≥ 0.05). Results Air abrasion before sintering significantly increased the surface roughness when compared with groups I and III. The highest tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) phase transformation (0.07%) was observed in group III, and a reverse transformation was observed in presintered groups (0.01%). Regarding bond strength, there was a significant difference between APA procedures pre- and postsintering. Conclusion Air abrasion before sintering is a valuable method for increasing surface roughness and SBS. The abrasive particles’ size and type used before sintering had a little effect on phase transformation. Clinical significance Air abrasion before sintering could be supposed to be an alternative surface treatment method to air abrasion after sintering. How to cite this article Skienhe H, Habchi R, Ounsi HF, Ferrari M, Salameh Z. Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Presintered Zirconia following Different Surface Treatments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):156-165.
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Pour, Seyedeh Rojin Shariati, Donato Calabria, Augusto Nascetti, Domenico Caputo, Giampiero De Cesare, Massimo Guardigli, Martina Zangheri e Mara Mirasoli. "Easy-to-Use Chemiluminescent-Based Assay for a Rapid and Low-Cost Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Cosmetic Products". Chemosensors 12, n. 2 (9 febbraio 2024): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12020025.
Abstract (sommario):
New cosmetic formulations are continuously requested by the market and the ingredients are constantly evolving. Recently the use of antioxidants has gained success and, in this context, analytical methods able to quickly and easily assess the antioxidant activity of cosmetics would make it possible to carry out analyses on new formulations even within the manufacturing process without the need for specialized laboratories and personnel, thus evaluating directly on-site the effectiveness and the shelf life of products. In this work, a chemiluminescent inhibition assay was developed for determining the total antioxidant activity in cosmetic products. The method was based on the luminol/enhancers/hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescent system, which generates light signals measurable through simple and compact instrumentation. The formation of the chemiluminescent signal is inhibited by the presence of antioxidant substances while it is restored once all the antioxidant molecules have been oxidized. The time of appearance of the light signal is related to the total antioxidant activity. The assay was carried out exploiting an integrated device comprising a microwell plate coupled with an array of amorphous silicon hydrogenated photosensors enclosed in a mini-dark box. The method was optimized in terms of concentrations and volumes of the required reagents and sample pre-treatment. A calibration curve was generated taking as a reference the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid obtaining a detection limit of 10 µM. The developed method was applied to cosmetic products currently on the market as well as on spiked samples in order to evaluate the performance of the methods in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility.
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Egla, Mustafa, e Shaimaa N. Abd Al Hammid. "DESIGN ZOLMITRIPTAN LIQUISOLID ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS AND THEIR IN VITRO EVALUATION". International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2016): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15656.
Abstract (sommario):
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of present study is to develop orodispersible tablets (ODTs) of zolmitriptan by liquisolid technique using different types of super disintegrants to enhance the disintegration and dissolution of zolmitriptan to improve the bioavailability of the drug.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Liquisolid ODTs of zolmitriptan were prepared from; microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-102) as carrier, colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) as a coating material, croscarmellose sodium (CSS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and crospovidone (CP) as super disintegrants, and propylene glycol as liquid vehicle. The ratio of carrier to coating material was kept constant in all formulations at 35:1, this ratio was chosen after testing the ratios 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1,30:1, and 35:1. The ratio 35:1 give optimal results relative to other ratios. The pre-compression evaluation includes: flow properties were measured using the angle of repose and the compressibility index and FT-IR. The prepared liquid-solid system compacts were evaluated for their post-compression evaluation which includes: hardness, friability, wetting time, <em>in vitro</em> disintegration time, drug content and <em>in vitro</em> drug release.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tabletting properties of the liquid-solid ODTs were within the acceptable limits. Among the three super disintegrants, CP found to be the best in term of showing the fastest disintegration time. The optimized selected formula (F11) was prepared using 5% w/w crospovidone, by direct compression showed the shortest disintegration time (24 s), superior drug release profile [ the time required for 80% of the drug to be released (T<sub>80</sub>%) and percent drug dissolved in 2 min (D<sub>2 </sub>min) 1.84 min and 87.59%, respectively]. In addition to that, the selected formula had an acceptable hardness and friability, so it was selected as the best formula.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall results showed that CP was the best super disintegrant of showing the shortest disintegration time while loading factor of 0.125 was the best in the preparing of zolmitriptan liquid-solid ODTs, and this suggested the possibility of utilizing the selected best formula (F11) in the preparation of zolmitriptan ODTs as a new dosage form for oral administration. </p>
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Ali, Ihsan, Omar Mohammad Shafi, Faheem Khalid e Owais Makhdoomi. "Voice outcome after type-1 thyroplasty for unilateral vocal cord paralysis: our experience at tertiary care hospital". International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, n. 8 (22 luglio 2020): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20203193.
Abstract (sommario):
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vocal cord paralysis is a clinical sign caused by paralysis of intrinsic muscles of larynx due to dysfunction of recurrent laryngeal nerve or injury to the vagus nerve. One of the common and effective methods of medialization is by using silicone implants. This study was aimed at prospectively assessing and analysing the vocal outcomes and quality of life of patients in type 1 medialization thyroplasty using silicone implants.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective study of 18 months was done on 17 patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Surgical procedure for the patients was standardized by using silicon implant to medialize the cord. The parameters used for the pre and post treatment objective analysis were stroboscopic analysis, psychoacoustic evaluation, maximum phonation time (MPT) and patient’s self-assessment. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study all 17 patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis who were subjected to vocal cord medialization using silicone implant showed a statistically highly significant improvement in all the parameters of assessment. The mean preoperative MPT was 7.260 and post-operative MPT showed significant improvement and was 17.428 seconds. mean preoperative GRBAS score was 11.695 and post-operative was 3.826. Similarly, pre op vocal handicap index was 31.173 which decreased significantly after the procedure was 7.695.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In the present study, we obtained favourable results of medialization thyroplasty as expressed by objective analysis of voice including GRABS score and acoustic analysis as well as maximum phonation time apart from traditional voice recording.</p><p> </p>
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Popova, I., R. Dieckmann, N. Schroeder, G. Gomes e J. Golden. "Understanding photoresist - electroplating bath interactions using HPLC methodology". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2021, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 000368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1085-8024-2021.1.000368.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract With the rapidly expanding range of design and integration flows required for advanced packaging, both foundries and OSATs alike are evaluating new types of materials for additive manufacturing - this is especially pertinent for both resist materials and galvanic plating baths. This problem is far from new (1), it is a part of the regularly required re-evaluation of process-material interactions (2) for the new packaging integration schemes, driven by changes in design, process flow, and technology requirements. With increasing demands for bath longevity and robustness of plating performance, material vendors are motivated to minimize interactions between the plating bath chemistries and photoresists, defining the plating pattern. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of several factors including - resist type (i.e. positive, negative, general-purpose vs “plating/packaging” type) and process parameters for both resist and bath material (by comparing several resist materials from different manufacturers with varying processing conditions on silicon wafers). We used reverse phase HPLC with UV-detection as a method of choice in this study to compare resist extractables into the galvanic baths. We utilized a copper plating packaging type galvanic bath as a representative bath material. We evaluated semi-quantitatively the extractable via their HPLC signature into the bath to compare resist properties and further attempt to extrapolate resist stability and breakdown magnitude with possible effects on bath life. The utility of the method developed here allows for comparing and quantifying (note - evaluation is semi-quantitative since no standard solutions of leached components exist) extractables via HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) allows for a better understanding of resist bath stability “factors”, and can be further expanded into an online method for detecting early signs of bath contamination by a photoresist. It can also be used for aiding lithographers to better pre-assess photoresist capabilities and aid in the material selection for future plating applications.
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Abe, S., C. H. Skinner, I. Bykov, Y. W. Yeh, A. Lasa, J. Coburn, D. L. Rudakov et al. "Determination of the characteristic magnetic pre-sheath length at divertor surfaces using micro-engineered targets on DiMES at DIII-D". Nuclear Fusion 62, n. 6 (4 aprile 2022): 066001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac3cdb.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The magnetic pre-sheath (MPS) length, L MPS, is a critical parameter to define the sheath potential, which controls the ion trajectory of low-Z species (D, T, He, and C), as well as the prompt re-deposition of high-Z species. To determine L MPS, we fabricated micro-trenches (30 × 30 × 4 μm) via focused ion beam milling on a silicon surface and exposed them to L-mode deuterium plasmas in DIII-D via the divertor material evaluation system (DiMES) removable sample exposure probe. The areal distribution of impurity depositions, mainly consisting of carbon, was measured by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to reveal the deuterium ion shadowing effect on the trench floors. The carbon deposition profiles showed that the erosion was maximized for the azimuthal direction of φ = −40° (referenced to the toroidal magnetic field direction) as well as the polar angle of θ = 80°. A Monte Carlo equation-of-motion (EOM) model, based on a collisionless MPS, was used to calculate the azimuthal and polar deuterium ion angle distributions (IADs) at the surface for a range of L MPS = k × ρ i, where ρ i is the ion gyro radius and k = 0.5–4. Then, gross erosion profiles were calculated by a Monte Carlo micro-patterning and roughness (MPR) code for ion sputtering using as input the calculated azimuthal and polar IADs for each value of k. Good agreement with the experimental C deposition profiles was obtained for the case k = 2.5–3.5. This result is consistent with a previous kinetic modeling prediction of k ∼ 3, as well as previous analytical investigations that predicted the L MPS to be several ion gyro radii. A validation of theoretical sheath models supports its applicability to ITER and pilot plant divertors to successfully predict plasma–materials interactions.
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Streck, Luiza, Thomas Roth, Andreas Noel, Ilya Zilberman e Andreas Jossen. "High Precision Coulometry and Calorimetry Measurements of Side Reactions for Si/NCA and G/NMC811 Cells". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n. 2 (22 dicembre 2023): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-022170mtgabs.
Abstract (sommario):
Side reactions taking place at both anode and cathode can be investigated via different methods. Common methods include the high precision coulometry [1-3] and the isothermal calorimetry [4, 5]. In this study, pure silicon anode (70 wt%) Si/NCA cells and pure graphite G/NMC811 cells are investigated via the methods mentioned above. These measurements include voltage holds and charge and discharge endpoint slippage analysis, which is described in [6]. Glazier et al. [4] already showed that after sufficient time, the heat flow during a voltage hold is equivalent to the side reactions taking place. The aim of this study is to investigate the dependency of side reaction currents and parasitic heat on different voltages and temperatures. In addition, their behaviour during the transient phase caused via relaxation processes and edge effects [7] comparing silicon and graphite materials. The cells voltage was held at different state-of-charge (SOC) conditions, low, medium, and high as well as at different temperatures. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, check-ups were performed to compare the capacity loss and to analyse the endpoint slippage. During the measurements, the heat flow and the leakage current of the cells were measured simultaneously. The preliminary results show that for the low and for the high SOCs, a strong opposing transient phase is present at the beginning of the voltage hold. The strong transient phase is expected for silicon-based materials due to their high relaxation characteristics, meaning also higher leakage currents for this material. Additionally, it was found that the different pre-histories of the cells influence the amount of leakage current measured. Meaning that the actual side reaction current is only achieved after edge effects and relaxation processes cease, which can take a long time for pure Si anodes, up to 1000 hours at 25°C. Moreover, the transient phase of the thermal and the electrical signals was correlated for the different materials. The study of side reactions for lithium ion cells is investigated in the project “ExZellTUM III”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under grant number 03XP0255. [1] Smith, A.; Burns, J.; Dahn, J.: A high precision study of the coulombic efficiency of Li-ion batteries, In: Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 13, pp. A177, 2010 [2] Smith, A.; Burns, J.; Xiong, D.; Dahn, J.: Interpreting High Precision Coulometry Results on Li-ion Cells, In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158, S. A1136– A1142, 2011 [3] Burns, J. C.; Jain, G.; Smith, A. J.; Eberman, K. W.; Scott, E.; Gardner, J. P.; Dahn, J. R.: Evaluation of effects of additives in wound Li-ion cells through high precision coulometry, In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 158 (3), A255-A261, 2011 [4] Glazier, S. L.; Downie, L. E.; Xia, J.; Louli, A. J.; Dahn, J. R.: Effects of fluorinated carbonate solvent blends on high voltage parasitic reactions in lithium ion cells using OCV isothermal microcalorimetry, In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 163 (10), A2131-A2138, 2016 [5] Glazier, S. L.; Odom, S. A.; Kaur, A. P.; Dahn, J. R.: Determining parasitic reaction enthalpies in lithium-ion cells using isothermal microcalorimetry, In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 165 (14), A3449-A3458, 2018 [6] Streck, L.; Roth, T.; Keil, P.; Strehle, B.; Ludmann, S.; Jossen, A.: A comparison of voltage hold and voltage decay methods for side reactions characterization, In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 170, 040520, 2023 [7] Roth, T.; Streck, L.; Graule, A.; Niehoff, P.; Jossen, A.: Relaxation effects in self-discharge measurements of lithium-ion batteries, In: Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 170, 020502, 2023
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Trenholm, Laurie E., Lawrence E. Datnoff e Russell T. Nagata. "Influence of Silicon on Drought and Shade Tolerance of St. Augustinegrass". HortTechnology 14, n. 4 (gennaio 2004): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.4.0487.
Abstract (sommario):
The objectives of these studies were to evaluate the effects of silicon on drought and shade tolerance of st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). Studies were conducted during 2001 in a glasshouse at the University of Florida Turfgrass Research Envirotron in Gainesville. For both drought and shade evaluations, calcium silicate slag (CaSiO3) was pre-incorporated into pots with commercial potting soil at the rate of 3.36 kg·ha-1 (0.069 lb/1000 ft2). `FX-10' and `FHSA-115' st. augustinegrass were planted into 15.2-cm-diameter × 30.5-cm-deep (6 × 12 inches) plastic pots for the drought study and subjected to minimal irrigation. Under severe drought stress, silicon-amended plants had better responses than non-amended plants. Little improvement was seen under moderate drought stress. `Floratam' and genotype 1997-6 were placed under full sunlight or 50% to 70% shade. There was no benefit from use of silicon under shaded conditions. These findings suggest that silicon might provide improved tolerance to st. augustinegrass under severe drought stress.
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Rehfeld, S., S. Bauersachs, H. Blum, S. Mallok, H. Wenigerkind e E. Wolf. "231 TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE BOVINE OVIDUCT EPITHELIUM". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, n. 2 (2005): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab231.
Abstract (sommario):
The fallopian tube plays a central role in reproduction, providing the appropriate environmental conditions for oocyte maturation as well as for sperm capacitation. Furthermore, fertilization and the first cleavage stages of embryonic development take place in the oviduct. At the molecular level, only fragmentary data are available regarding the physiological changes in the oviduct epithelium during the estrous cycle. Therefore, we performed a systematic study of gene expression changes in bovine ipsilateral oviduct epithelial cells derived from either the ampulla or the isthmus part of the oviduct at four different time points of the estrous cycle. A cDNA array consisting of approximately 400 candidate genes, primarily identified in different studies in the context of gene expression regulation in the oviduct, was designed and hybridized with 33P-labeled cDNA probes prepared from 28 different tissue samples. These tissue samples were collected from cyclic Simmental heifers at Day 0 (n = 3), Day 3.5 (n = 3), Day 12 (n = 4) and Day 18 (n = 4) of the estrous cycle. Ipsilateral epithelial cells were separately collected from ampulla and isthmus. After array evaluation (AIDA Image Analyzer, version 3.41, Raytest, Straubenhardt, Germany), the raw data were normalized to internal reference cDNAs on the arrays. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc test (GeneSpring® version 6.1, Silicon Genetics, Redwood City, CA, USA). For selected genes, differential expression was verified by real-time RT-PCR. A simplified Gene Ontology was built for the genes present on the array and a pathway analysis was performed to elucidate gene networks involved in the regulation of oviduct epithelial cell function. The expression patterns of two functional groups of genes are presented here: genes that are related to immune functions and genes of the secretory pathway or encoding secreted proteins. Messenger-RNA levels of immune-related genes were higher in epithelial cells of the ampulla compared to the isthmus part of the oviduct. This implies that certain immune functions may be differentially regulated in ampulla and isthmus. Furthermore, mRNAs of genes of the secretory pathway showed highest levels mainly in the ampulla around time of estrus, which may be explained with the increase of the secretory activity in the epithelium of the ampulla beginning at pre-estrus. In general, this study shows the importance of a separate analysis of the oviduct compartments and the influence of the estrous cycle on the expression level of a variety of genes. In the context of fertilization and early embryo-maternal communication, these results could provide an insight into the physiological changes during the estrous cycle, which are the bases for these processes. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Research Unit “Mechanisms of Embryo-Maternal Communication”; FOR 478/1).
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LUZ, ROBERTA P. COSTA, Carmen S. Alliz, Samantha K. Lopes de Almeida Rizzi, Cinira Haddad, Christiano Bittencourt Machado, Afonso Nazário e Gil Facina. "Abstract OT1-18-01: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ACUPUNCTURE AND EXERCISE IN IMPROVING DERMAL SENSITIVITY DURING PACLITAXEL-CONTAINING CHEMOTHERAPY: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL". Cancer Research 83, n. 5_Supplement (1 marzo 2023): OT1–18–01—OT1–18–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-ot1-18-01.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare skin sensitivity in patients diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing cycles of chemotherapy with taxanes, applied three different techniques, acupuncture needles, acupuncture with silicon tablets (Stiper) and kinesiotherapy. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, open, parallel clinical trial. Inclusion criteria: women undergoing chemotherapy with taxanes from the 1st cycle onwards both neoadjuvant and adjuvant with stages I to III. Excluded were women with pre-existing diseases such as cancer in locoregional or distant activity, previous joint pain, rheumatologic diseases, and not undergoing chemotherapy containing Anthracyclines and/or Cisplatin, and those who had acupuncture in another service in the last three. METHODS: This study was carried out at the Oncomastology, Outpatient Clinic of the Mastology Discipline of the Gynecology Department of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). 102 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Excluded 39 patients,63 volunteers were selected and randomized, allocated to three groups (Group S:Stiper n=26, Group A Acupuncture n=18: and Group C: Kinesiotherapy n=19) to undergo treatment once a week for ten consecutive weeks. Signed the Informed Consent Form and agreed to participate in the project (ICF). INTERVENTION: Division of the groups, GS - non-invasive acupuncture technique (silicon pads covered with acrylic blanket) are used for stimulation of acupuncture points on the meridians. GA: acupuncture applied the technique with sterile, disposable systemic needles, (measuring 0.25mm x 30mm) for stimulation of the acupuncture points on the meridians. GC Kinesiotherapy, a physiotherapy technique consisting of upper and lower limb exercises and lower limb proprioception training and sensitivity improvement with vibration. GS, GA, performed acupuncture on the acupoints (B11Dazhu, SI14 Jianwaishu, CV12 Zhongwan, GB34 Yanglingquan, SP6 Sanyinjiao, LR3 Taichong), frequency of 1 time per week, for 10 consecutive weeks, duration of 30 minutes per session. To evaluate Sensitivity, the stesiometer was used, consisting of microfilaments thickness and the force (in grams) needed to bend the filaments, the colors and values are: green (0.05 g), blue (0.2 g), violet (2.0 g), dark red (4.0 g), orange (10.0 g) and magenta red (300 g).The evaluation of quality of life FACT/GOG-Ntx before and after treatment. RESULTS: The qualitative demographic characteristics of patients at the chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy was predominantly in the three groups: GS(88.5%), GA(83.3%)and GC(89.5%), p=0.83. Cancer type CINE (Non-special Invasive Carcinoma), GS(92.6%), GA (93.8%) and GC (94.4%), p= 0.58. Diabetes Melittus GS(84.6%), GA(77.8%) and GC(79.8%), p=0.82 and Systemic Hypertension GS(72%), GA(72.2%) and GC(52.6%), p=0, 32. The C6D upper limb skin sensitivity assessment (p < 0.04 intergroup GS, GA and GC). T1D (p < 0.03 intergroup GS, GA and GC), corresponds to the forearm region. FACT/GOG-Ntx quality of life questionnaire in the domains (PWB, FWB and TaxS), Taxane Trial Outcome Index (TOI) comparing 1st session with 10th session p< 0.02, TaxS (Evaluates Symptoms of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy) comparing 1st session with 10th session p< 0.03. Taxane total score) comparing 1st session with 10th session, p< 0.03. CONCLUSION: The C6 right hand and T1 right forearm sensitivity changes showed improvement in skin sensitivity after the intragroup intervention. FACT/GOG-Ntx questionnaire showed worsening of symptoms, physical, functional and peripheral neuropathy symptoms induced by chemotherapy compared to before and after. The cutaneous sensitivity of hands and feet remained stable and improved in the upper limbs, but chemotherapy had a negative impact on the quality of life, requiring further studies to evaluate the neuropathy of these patients. Keywords: Acupuncture, Chemotherapy, Quality of Life, Integrative and Complementary Practices.Table 1. Characteristics of skin sensitivity between groupsTable 1. Characteristics of skin sensitivity between groups Citation Format: ROBERTA P. COSTA LUZ, Carmen S. Alliz, Samantha K. Lopes de Almeida Rizzi, Cinira Haddad, Christiano Bittencourt Machado, Afonso Nazário, Gil Facina. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ACUPUNCTURE AND EXERCISE IN IMPROVING DERMAL SENSITIVITY DURING PACLITAXEL-CONTAINING CHEMOTHERAPY: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-18-01.
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Uhlmann, E., T. Hühns, S. Richarz, Walter Reimers e S. Grigoriev. "Development and Application of Coated Ceramic Cutting Tools". Advances in Science and Technology 45 (ottobre 2006): 1155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1155.
Abstract (sommario):
Ceramics are characterized by their special wear and temperature resistance. Thus, they are especially suited for the cutting of high-temperature alloys and difficult-to-cut materials. Due to their low ductility, they show brittle-hard properties during the process, which lead to a sudden failure of the tool. But it is possible to create composite materials that counteract the brittle-hard behavior of the substrate material by PVD-coating. The objective of the investigations is to increase the process stability of coated ceramic indexable inserts made of aluminum oxide and silicon nitride through the optimisation of the mechanical pre-treatment of the substrate materials. To this end, the ceramic substrates are pre-treated by different abrasive machining processes. Comprehensive measurement evaluations show the influence of the machining process and strategy on the formation of surface and subsurface. The workpieces ground and lapped in different ways are subsequently coated by an especially developed PVD process. Measurements show the influence of the pre-treatment on the surface structure and on the mechanical properties of the composite material. The application of the developed and manufactured tools in cutting tests verifies the results of the measurements.
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Davis, Jeremy, Andrew Dipuglia, Matthew Cameron, Jason Paino, Ashley Cullen, Susanna Guatelli, Marco Petasecca, Anatoly Rosenfeld e Michael Lerch. "Evaluation of silicon strip detectors in transmission mode for online beam monitoring in microbeam radiation therapy at the Australian Synchrotron". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 29, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521011140.
Abstract (sommario):
Successful transition of synchrotron-based microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) from pre-clinical animal studies to human trials is dependent upon ensuring that there are sufficient and adequate measures in place for quality assurance purposes. Transmission detectors provide researchers and clinicians with a real-time quality assurance and beam-monitoring instrument to ensure safe and accurate dose delivery. In this work, the effect of transmission detectors of different thicknesses (10 and 375 µm) upon the photon energy spectra and dose deposition of spatially fractionated synchrotron radiation is quantified experimentally and by means of a dedicated Geant4 simulation study. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the presence of the 375 µm thick transmission detector results in an approximately 1–6% decrease in broad-beam and microbeam peak dose. The capability to account for the reduction in dose and change to the peak-to-valley dose ratio justifies the use of transmission detectors as thick as 375 µm in MRT provided that treatment planning systems are able to account for their presence. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the presence of the 10 µm thick transmission detector shows a negligible impact (<0.5%) on the photon energy spectra, dose delivery and microbeam structure for both broad-beam and microbeam cases. Whilst the use of 375 µm thick detectors would certainly be appropriate, based upon the idea of best practice the authors recommend that 10 µm thick transmission detectors of this sort be utilized as a real-time quality assurance and beam-monitoring tool during MRT.
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Fukuda, Yusuke, Kentaro Kutsukake, Takuto Kojima, Yutaka Ohno e Noritaka Usami. "Study on electrical activity of grain boundaries in silicon through systematic control of structural parameters and characterization using a pretrained machine learning model". Journal of Applied Physics 132, n. 2 (14 luglio 2022): 025102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086193.
Abstract (sommario):
We report on the effects of grain boundary (GB) structures on the carrier recombination velocity at GB ( vGB) in multicrystalline Si (mc-Si). The fabricated artificial GBs and an originally developed machine learning model allowed an investigation of the effect of three macroscopic parameters, misorientation angle α for Σ values, asymmetric angle β, and deviation angle θ from the ingot growth direction. Totally, 13 GBs were formed by directional solidification using multi-seeds with controlled crystal orientations. vGB was evaluated directly from photoluminescence intensity profiles across GBs using a pre-trained machine learning model, which allowed a quantitative and continuous evaluation along GBs. The evaluation results indicated that the impact of θ on vGB would be relatively large among the three macroscopic parameters. In addition, the results for the Σ5 and Σ13 GBs suggested that the minimum vGB would be related to the GB energy. These results were discussed in terms of the complexity of the local reconstruction of GB structures. The deviation would make a more complex reconstructed GB structure with local distortion, resulting in an increase in the electrical activity of GBs. The obtained knowledge will contribute to improving various polycrystalline materials through a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between GB structures and their properties.
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Webster, Eric, Stephen J. Kennel, Alan Stuckey, Tina Richey, Renju Raj, Emily B. Martin e Jonathan S. Wall. "Early Development and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a Fluorine-18 Labeled Peptide p5+14 for PET/CT Imaging of Cardiac Amyloidosis". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 novembre 2023): 6608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-189599.
Abstract (sommario):
Background:Systemic amyloidosis is a rare protein misfolding disorder, where patients can present with varied symptoms due to the diverse organ involvement. This is particularly true of patients with light chain associated (AL) amyloidosis, which makes early and accurate diagnosis challenging. Currently there are no FDA-approved methods that allow visualization of amyloidosis in patients. Nuclear imaging is a promising method for early detection of amyloid. We have developed a novel amyloid-reactive peptide, designated p5+14, capable of binding AL, as well as other types of amyloid, via multivalent electrostatic interactions. Peptide p5+14 has been successfully radiolabeled with radioiodine and technetium-99m and evaluated clinically, labeled with iodine-124, in a PET/CT imaging study of patients with amyloidosis (NCT03678259). While there are numerous advantages to using I-124 as the radionuclide for amyloid imaging, fluorine is a viable alternative for detecting cardiac amyloidosis. Fluorine-18 has a shorter half-life (108 min as compared to 4.2 days) thus reducing the internal radiation dose to patients. Moreover, F-18 is the most common nuclide used in PET imaging. We have previously generated a 18F-labeled variant of p5+14; however, the reaction was inefficient and not translatable. Here we present a novel development strategy for generating 18F labeled p5+14 using a commercially available precursor that can bind AL amyloid and perform initial characterization of the reagent in a murine model of inflammation-associated systemic AA amyloidosis. Methods: Isotopic exchange chemistry using a silicon-fluoride-acceptor (SiFA) method was used to label peptide p5+14 with F-18. The peptide precursor was purchased from Almac Life Sciences (Penicuik, UK). 18F was purchased from PetNet (Siemens Healthineers, Knoxville, TN) and prepared for reaction according to standard methods. After drying, F-18 (1000 - 1900 MBq ) was dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile and the pH neutralized before the addition of peptide precursor. Radiolabeling was performed at room temperature for 5 min. After standard purification of the product, radiochemical purity studies demonstrated that it was stable, with no significant loss of F-18 for at least 5 hours. Radiofluorinated p5+14 was assessed in bioactivity “pulldown” assays to ensure binding to synthetic AL amyloid-like fibrils and human AL amyloid extracts. The radiolabeled peptide was also diluted in PBS and injected IV in the lateral tail vein of mice with severe systemic AA amyloidosis. After 1 h, mice were euthanized small animal PET/CT imaging performed and tissue biodistribution measurements were conducted using an automated Wizard 3 gamma counter (1480 Wallac Gamma Counter, Perkin-Elmer). Results: Using optimized synthesis conditions, the non-decay corrected radiochemical yield was 55±4.5%. Radiochemical purity was 99±1% at end of synthesis. Peptide purity was shown to be 93.7±4.9% by assessed using HPLC. Radiochemical stability was similarly evaluated using an HLPC method and remained >97.5% radiochemical purity at 5 hours after synthesis. The binding of 18F-p5+14 to synthetic AL amyloid like fibrils composed of a l6 variable domain was 96.2%, mimicking data using the radioiodinated peptide, and 87.2% to human AL amyloid extracts. Background binding to control beads was 17.4%. In mice, accumulation of 18F-peptide in the liver and spleen, the organs with most AA amyloid deposits in this mouse model, was readily evident in PET images taken 1 h post injection. There was also evidence of hepatic clearance of the peptide, manifest as a prominent gall bladder in the images. There was no accumulation of F-18 in bone, indicating positive in vivo stability. Imaging of amyloid-free wild type mice showed rapid clearance with radioactivity in the urinary bladder, gall bladder and gastrointestinal tract with little or no hepatosplenic radiotracer retention. Conclusion: Radiofluorination of peptides, such as p5+14, has been made more efficient through the use of novel precursors amenable to isotopic exchange. 18F-peptide binds amyloid effectively and may serve as a next generation radiotracer for the detection of cardiac amyloid by PET/CT imaging. Acknowledgments: EW is a doctoral student in the Comparative and Experimental Medicine Program. This study was supported by the Amyloidosis and Cancer Theranostics Program and the UTGSM.
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Lee, Seung Yeol, e Hyun Seok. "730 Clinical utility of the portable pressure measuring device for garment therapy on burn scar". Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (23 marzo 2022): S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.284.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction The experimenters developed a portable pressure measuring device using silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pressure garment therapy using proposed device with objective data obtained through a randomized controlled trial. Methods Pressure measurements were acquired through a readout circuit consisting of an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor, and a Bluetooth transmission module for wireless data transmission to an external device. This was a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial in patients with hypertrophic scars. In the pressure monitoring group, garment pressures were monitored using the portable pressure measuring device, and the compression garment was adjusted so that the pressure was maintained at the therapeutic range of 15 – 25 mmHg. In the control group, non-surgical standard treatment of burn scars except for pressure monitoring was performed in the same manner. Results No significant intergroup difference was noted at the initial evaluations (p >0.05) between two groups. The pre- to post-treatment change in the scar thickness (p=0.03) and erythema (p=0.03), more reductions were found in the pressure monitoring group than control group. There were no significant differences in the change measurements between the two groups for melanin levels (p=0.62) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (p=0.94). The changes (skin distensibility, biological skin elasticity, gross skin elasticity, and skin viscoelasticity) measured with the cutometer showed no significant differences between the two groups (p=0.87, p=0.32, p=0.37, and p=0.29, respectively). Conclusions Complementary characteristics such as wireless transmission to an external device may allow burn patients to continuously wear the device for real-time measurements. A Portable pressure monitoring device is effective for significantly improving burn-associated scar characteristics.
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Tian, Shulan, Hanyin Wang, Timothy G. Call, Eric W. Klee, Minetta C. Liu, Erik Jessen, Sameer A. Parikh et al. "Genomic Profiling Reveals Molecular Heterogeneity in Patients with Richter's Syndrome (RS) and Progressive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)". Blood 136, Supplement 1 (5 novembre 2020): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138397.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction: Novel targeted therapies have revolutionized treatments for both upfront and relapsed CLL. However, effective therapies have not been established for progressive CLL after developing resistance to both BTK inhibitor and BCL-2 inhibitors. Similarly, Richter's transformation (RS) remains an area of unmet clinical need. Hypothesizing that progressive CLL and RS possess significant but differential molecular abnormalities, we aimed to dissect the initial genomic profiles in a clinical cohort of patients seen in our routine clinical practice using targeted DNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis. Methods: Twelve CLL patients who had lymph node biopsies for evaluation of clinical progression at Mayo Clinic were included in this study. RNA sequencing and targeted DNA sequencing on a focused oncology panel of 1,711 genes were performed on Illumina HiSeq through Tempus Labs, Inc. (Chicago, IL). Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified using edgeR at the cutoff of FDR <=0.05 and fold-change >=2. Somatic mutations and copy number alternations (CNAs) were identified through Mutect2 and PatternCNV, respectively. CN loss was defined to have log2(ratio) <=-0.93 and CN gain to have log2(ratio) >= 0.585. Pathway analysis was done through the Enrichr package. Results: Among the 12 patients, 7 had confirmed RS (large cell lymphoma histology) and 5 had CLL based on pathological findings. The clinical and therapeutic history for each patient is illustrated in Fig 1A. FISH results from 11 of the patients showed chromosomal abnormalities including del(13q), del(11q), del(17p) and tri(12) (Fig 1A). Hierarchical clustering of expression profiles from the top 10,000 most variable genes in expression revealed two major clusters (Fig 1A). Cluster C1 contains five RS cases, of which case S207 did not receive ibrutinib, S256 was on high-dose steroid and anti-CD20 post-ibrutinib therapy for >1 year before biopsy, and case S025 was treated for < 6 months with ibrutinib. These three form a subgroup separate from the other two RS in C1 who had 8 and 42 months of continuous ibrutinib therapy pre-biopsy, respectively. C2 contains two RS and five CLL cases. Within C2, CLL and RS cases showed similar transcriptomic profiles. Over 90% of the DE genes showed an overall increase of expression in C1, particularly within the 3-sample subgroup (Fig 1B). These genes are enriched in pathways known to play key roles in CLL, including PI3K-AKT signaling, NOTCH signaling and RAS/MAPK signaling, while genes up-regulated in C2 are enriched in WNT signaling. The results suggest marked differences in gene expression profiles and indicate molecular heterogeneity among RS and CLL patients. In addition, targeted DNA sequencing data were analyzed to identify somatic mutations and CNAs. The analysis confirmed the FISH results of del(13q), del(11q), del(17p) or tri(12) in 8 of the cases (Fig 1A). The mutation profiles are similar between C1 and C2 for the recurrently mutated genes published in CLL. However, we identified recurrent CNAs that occurred preferentially in C1 (covering 9 genes) or C2 (48 genes) (Fig 1C). Manual inspections of the reads coverage revealed that 5 of the 9 genes are from chr1q21.1 to chr1q22 that showed clear CN gains largely in C1. Of the 48 genes, 6 are from chrXp11 that showed CN losses, and 27 are from chr17q12 to chr17q25 that showed CN gains. Therefore, the majority of the 57 genes are from large-scale CNAs. Notably, for the CNAs mostly occurring in C2, the affected genes are enriched in WNT signaling, Cell cycle/protein kinase activity and chromatin modifying enzymes. Collectively, the results support the variability of transcriptomic signatures and genetic lesions between RS and CLL. Conclusion: This study revealed a noticeable heterogeneity in gene expression and genetic variation between RS and CLL, albeit in a small cohort. The vast majority of the DE genes showed elevated expression in C1 containing only RS cases, and these genes are enriched in PI3K-AKT signaling, NOTCH signaling, and RAS/MAPK signaling. The pattern is more pronounced for a subgroup in C1 who were overall less exposed to ibrutinib. For somatic variation, there is a strong tendency of occurrence of recurrent CNAs towards C2 cohort, mainly involving gains of chr17q and deletions of chrXp11. Given these advances we are encouraged to further pursue the genetic abnormalities with defined roles in aggressive and transformed CLL. Disclosures Liu: Eisal: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; GRAIL: Research Funding; Menarini Silicon Biosystems: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Tesaro: Research Funding. Parikh:Genentech: Honoraria; Ascentage Pharma: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Verastem Oncology: Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria; Merck: Research Funding; MorphoSys: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Wang:Incyte: Research Funding; Innocare: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Kenderian:Gilead: Research Funding; Humanigen: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; MorphoSys: Research Funding; Lentigen: Research Funding; Novartis: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Torque: Consultancy; Mettaforge: Patents & Royalties; BMS: Research Funding; Tolero: Research Funding; Sunesis: Research Funding; Juno: Research Funding; Kite: Research Funding. Kay:Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Juno Theraputics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cytomx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Morpho-sys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astra Zeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sunesis: Research Funding; MEI Pharma: Research Funding; Acerta Pharma: Research Funding; Rigel: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncotracker: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Research Funding; Bristol Meyer Squib: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Dava Oncology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Braggio:DASA: Consultancy; Bayer: Other: Stock Owner; Acerta Pharma: Research Funding. Ding:Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; DTRM: Research Funding; Beigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; alexion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MEI Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Octapharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Research Funding.
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O'Meara, David, Chow Ling Chang, Roc Blumenthal, Rama I. Hegde, Lata Prabhu e Vidya Kaushik. "Single Wafer Amorphous Silicon Process Evaluation". MRS Proceedings 467 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-467-633.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTSingle wafer amorphous silicon deposition was characterized through process modeling and film characterization for application in semiconductor production. DOE methodology was used to determine the main deposition parameters, and the responses were limited to device production requirement properties of surface roughness, deposition rate and degree of crystallinity of the as-deposited film. The data trends and models show that deposition temperature and silane flow are the main factors. Increasing either or both factor increases the deposition rate and the surface roughness. The surface morphology, evaluated by AFM, SEM and TEM, was found to be rougher at extreme growth conditions than the poly crystalline film formed after anneal. The as-deposited surface morphology was not a result of pre-anneal crystal formations as determined by TEM cross sections of samples before and after anneal. Lack of crystalinity is important for impurity diffusion considerations. Device application of the single wafer a-Si process will be a compromise between growth rate (and associated throughput) and surface roughness that can be tolerated.
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Das, Debayan, Mayukh Nath, Baibhab Chatterjee, Raghavan Kumar, Xiaosen Liu, Harish Krishnamurthy, Manoj Sastry, Sanu Mathew, Santosh Ghosh e Shreyas Sen. "EM SCA White-box Analysis Based Reduced Leakage Cell Design and Pre-Silicon Evaluation". IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2022.3144369.
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Bazrafshan, M., M. B. de Rooij, E. G. de Vries e D. J. Schipper. "Evaluation of Pre-Sliding Behavior at a Rough Interface: Modeling and Experiment". Journal of Applied Mechanics 87, n. 4 (21 gennaio 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4045900.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract One of the main issues in precision engineering is the lack of deep understanding of the pre-sliding behavior at the interface of mating surfaces of positioning mechanisms. In addition to the mechanical properties of the contacting bodies, their surface topography plays a key role in the pre-sliding regime and has a great impact on the frictional stiffness. This paper experimentally evaluates a boundary element method (BEM) model for the pre-sliding behavior at the interface of a smooth silicon wafer and a rough polymeric ball. The polymeric ball is either high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyoxymethylene (POM). The experiments are conducted at three different normal loads on five different spots on the wafer. The sliding stroke and coefficient of friction are extracted from experiments to be implemented as inputs to the numerical model. The roughness of the balls is also another input. The numerical and experimental friction hysteresis loops are compared. There is a small difference in the predicted pre-sliding distance from the experiments. The lateral stiffness, calculated at three different points on the pre-sliding regime of friction hysteresis loops, is compared with the Mindlin’s solution and experimental values for both contact interfaces and normal loads.
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Chandra, Umesh, Manish Kumar, Arun Garg, Shrestha Sharma e Pankaj Gupta. "Fixed Dose Formulation Development and Evaluation of Bilastine and Montelukast Sodium Tablets". Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 21 settembre 2021, 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i44b32651.
Abstract (sommario):
Aim: The present research work was carried out to formulate stable fixed dose combination tablets of Bilastine and Montelukast Sodium, used to treat allergic rhinitis associated with asthma and rhino-conjunctivitis on basis of pre and post post-compression parameters evaluation and drug-drug-excipients compatibility studies.
Methods: Direct compression methodology was used for tablet production and final composition of drugs and excipients was optimized by evaluating pre and post compression evaluations of blend and tablets respectively. The chemical instability and stability studies were carried out using HPLC method.
Results: The Evaluation of pre-compression parameters of batch F1 to F5 shows that as we increase the amount of sodium starch glycolate and colloidal silicon dioxide from F1 to F5, bulk density and tapped density increases slightly whereas the compressibility index and hausner’s ratio of tablets was shifted from excellent to good. Angle of repose shows excellent flow property from F3-F5. After evaluation of post-compression parameters from F1 to F5, there is no significant difference in diameter, thickness and average weight of tablets. The hardness of tablets was decreased slightly from F1 to F5 therefore, the % friability was found to be increased from F1 to F5 and disintegration time was found to be decreased from F1 to F5. Dissolution studies shows % release of Bilastine and Montelukast was increased towards F1 to F5 as the percentage of Sodium Starch Glycolate increases. The drug-drug-excipients compatibility shows that there is no physical and chemical incompatibility between the drug-drug-excipients at accelerated conditions. The stability studies show that % assay of long term and accelerated samples are within 100±2%.
Conclusion: The optimized composition found in order to scale up the production of tablets.
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Poon, Debora, Byung Jin Cho, Yong Feng Lu, Leng Seow Tan, Mousumi Bhat e Alex See. "Process Optimization for Multiple-Pulses Laser Annealing for Boron Implanted Silicon with Germanium Pre-amorphization". MRS Proceedings 765 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-765-d6.19.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractOne of the major advantages of multiple-pulses Laser Thermal Annealing (LTA) with moderate energy fluence is that good dopant activation can be achieved without further increases in junction depth by successive pulses. It is demonstrated that when the laser fluence is adjusted to a value that can melt the preamorphization implantation (PAI) layer but not the underlying silicon substrate, PAI layer depths control the junction depths. Hence, it is desirable to operate LTA in this regime since this allows for a tighter process control as opposed to when the junction depth is controlled solely by the laser fluence. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) micrographs show that the degree of damage repair depends on the amorphous layer thickness as well as the number of pulses. Our study allows for the evaluation of the maximum allowable PAI depth for a given number of pulses in order to fully remove the damage caused by the PAI.
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Lee, Seunghun S., Leanid Laganenka, Xiaoyu Du, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt e Stephen J. Ferguson. "Silicon Nitride, a Bioceramic for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Reinforced Cryogel System With Antibiofilm and Osteogenic Effects". Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9 (15 dicembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.794586.
Abstract (sommario):
Silicon nitride (SiN [Si3N4]) is a promising bioceramic for use in a wide variety of orthopedic applications. Over the past decades, it has been mainly used in industrial applications, such as space shuttle engines, but not in the medical field due to scarce data on the biological effects of SiN. More recently, it has been increasingly identified as an emerging material for dental and orthopedic implant applications. Although a few reports about the antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity of SiN have been published to date, there have been limited studies of SiN-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Here, we developed a silicon nitride reinforced gelatin/chitosan cryogel system (SiN-GC) by loading silicon nitride microparticles into a gelatin/chitosan cryogel (GC), with the aim of producing a biomimetic scaffold with antibiofilm and osteogenic properties. In this scaffold system, the GC component provides a hydrophilic and macroporous environment for cells, while the SiN component not only provides antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity but also increases the mechanical stiffness of the scaffold. This provides enhanced mechanical support for the defect area and a better osteogenic environment. First, we analyzed the scaffold characteristics of SiN-GC with different SiN concentrations, followed by evaluation of its apatite-forming capacity in simulated body fluid and protein adsorption capacity. We further confirmed an antibiofilm effect of SiN-GC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as enhanced cell proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic gene upregulation for MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. Finally, we developed a bioreactor to culture cell-laden scaffolds under cyclic compressive loading to mimic physiological conditions and were able to demonstrate improved mineralization and osteogenesis from SiN-GC. Overall, we confirmed the antibiofilm and osteogenic effect of a silicon nitride reinforced cryogel system, and the results indicate that silicon nitride as a biomaterial system component has a promising potential to be developed further for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Sun, Lianchao, e Ping Hou. "Evaluation on Stress and Optical Property of Thin Films Used in Optical MEMS Device". MRS Proceedings 795 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-795-u5.17.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTControl of the film stress and optical property has long been considered as an issue in the tunable optical MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) devices. In this paper, the atmospheric evolution of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) thin films for the optical MEMS devices were studied. These films were prepared by ion-assisted e-beam evaporation. It is found that as-deposited SiO2 films exhibit compressive stress; whereas, it is tensile in the TiO2 films under present processing conditions. When annealed at 150 °C, both SiO2 and TiO2 films show slight changes in stress with annealing time. However, increasing the anneal temperature to 250°C caused an apparent change of film stresses with time, in which SiO2 film turns into less compressive and TiO2 film appears to be more tensile. The optical properties after annealing were also investigated by measuring the thickness and the refractive index changes using the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique. At both experimental temperatures, the film thickness increases slightly and the refractive index at 1550 nm decreases a little at the initial annealing stage for SiO2 films. For TiO2 films, it is found that the refractive index increases after annealing at 250°C. This might be caused by the TiO2 film densification process during amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation. Because most of the significant film evolutions occur during the initial 12 hours of annealing, a practical way of stabilizing the film properties in a MEMS device is to pre-anneal the as-deposited thin films.
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Muslu, Elif, Esin Eren e Aysegul Uygun Oksuz. "Evaluation of supercapacitor properties of Rf sputter binder‐ free and nanosandwich WO3/SiO2/WO3 thin film". Energy Technology, 4 agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.202300574.
Abstract (sommario):
Supercapacitors require efficient and environmentally friendly electrodes. This study investigates the promising potential of a tungsten oxide/silicon dioxide/tungsten oxide (WO3/SiO2/WO3) thin film on a Cu substrate as an alternative to conventional metal oxide flexible electrodes. Motivated by the need for enhanced energy storage capabilities, the WO3/SiO2/WO3 composite combines WO3 high specific capacitance and electrochemical stability of WO3 with improved mechanical durability and high surface area of SiO2, offering a synergistic solution to overcome electrode limitations. Utilizing the Radio Frequency (Rf) Magnetron Sputtering technique, the WO3/SiO2/WO3 thin film is precisely deposited on a Cu flexible substrate without organic additives, conductive agents, binder chemicals, or substrate pre‐treatment. Electrochemical characterization reveals the film’s pseudocapacitive behaviour, facilitated by the SiO2 interlayer, enabling influential adjustment of electrolyte ions within the electrode structure. The obtained high specific capacitances at various scan rates and current densities demonstrate the potential of the thin film for supercapacitor applications. This research highlights the nanosandwich WO3/SiO2/WO3 thin film as a promising material for flexible energy storage and intelligent nanodevices, making it a noteworthy candidate for various flexible applications. The findings contribute to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.