Tesi sul tema "Pratique musicale – Aspect psychologique"
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Daigle, Véronique. "La vie musicale de cinq jeunes filles suivant des leçons extrascolaires d'instrument de musique : les facteurs contribuant à leur engagement pour la pratique d'activités musicales au quotidien, et la perception de leur professeur et parent sur leur vie musicale". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31124.
Evidence from the literature in music education indicates that students taking private music lessons outside the school system often experience motivational problems that result in their giving up formal music learning. There are two critical periods associated with this problem; in the first 18 months of learning (McPherson & Davidson, 2006) and following the transition from elementary to secondary school. Studies have also demonstrated a decrease in young people’s valuing of music learning when they start secondary school (O’Neill, 2001). However, those same students tend to show a growing interest in informal musical activities that take place outside of school, and this phenomenon has been found in several countries (McPherson & O’Neill, 2010). Not only do youth learn music through formal learning approaches (Peluso, 2012) , they also learn through multiple voluntary musical activities, including informal ones. To foster musical learning and engagement, it is important for teachers to establish links between their formal pedagogy and their students’ musical experiences (Peluso, 2012). In order to do that, we need a better understanding of young people’s music learning activities, including informal music learning experiences. To addresses this gap in our understanding, the first objective of this study was to identify, describe and categorize all the music learning activities performed daily by students taking private music lessons outside of the school system. The second objective was to identify the reasons why students engage voluntarily in their music learning activities. The third objective was to describe the influence of these activities on students’ music engagement. The fourth objective was to examine instrumental teachers’ interests in their students’ music activities and what teachers did to establish links between those activities and their music pedagogy. The last objective was to compare students’ perceptions of their musical activities with their parents’ perceptions and opinions about those activities. Five students, five parents and five teachers took part in the research. Many different forms of data collection were used: observations, video recordings, notes, interviews, questionnaires and e - journals. Results indicated that the students engaged in a wide variety of musical activities that took place within a diverse range of contexts. Results also indicated that informal music learning activities tended to motivate students to engage in music more than formal music learning practices. Furthermore, the way teachers and students talked about the students’ musical environment was different. For the students, all the factors were interrelated and interacted with each other, whereas, for the teachers there was a lack of interconnection. Results also indicated similarities between the participants as well as differences regarding their musical engagement and learning ecologies. Finally, the results indicated avenues for reflection on how to foster links between students’ music activities and teachers’ pedagogical approach.
Pacault, Daniel. "[Le sãs] de la musique : contradictions et paradoxes de la pratique musicale instituée : le cas d'un cours individuel de piano". Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU1008.
Teaching music in school academies has always been a recurrent issue. Is art meant to serve the learners' purpose or conversely, do learners have to comply to the rules of art ? There seems to be no clearcut decision that could close this debate. Since they have to face such a contradiction, learners, teachers and institution seem to be in a paradoxical and antinomic position which makes it hard to settle the matter. How can they solve such a dilemma ? With this aim in view, we will question music itself, using a play on words about the "säs" of music, something between the sense and the essence of music. We will study the sense of music through its three different meanings: its very meaning as regards language, its perspective as regards sociology, its sensation as regards phenomenology. Will this research, by giving some meaning to music, enable us unravel the paradoxical situations generated by music ? In a second part, we will attempt to get as close as possible to music by laying its sound on paper exactly like the written form (le säs) which perfectly renders the music heard in the words "sense" and "essence". For this purpose, we will translate the recording of a piano lesson into a score and we will attempt to reveal what is being woven between a teacher and his pupil. How do these two persons hear the music through the song of the piano ? And finally, we will unexpectedly find out that the musician's paradox can be solved through the practice of improvisation, thein-between, essential to expression and interpretation. In a sense, the essence of music might be hidden in the dephs of improvisation?
Rojas, C. Pablo. "Le développement du savoir-faire musical". Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01231756.
The present thesis bears on the development of musical skills. It attempts to conceptualize the way an upcoming instrumentalist learns the skills developed by previous generations of musicians. Our research is based on longitudinal fieldwork and recordings of lessons of musical instruments (guitar, piano and violin). We start with the intuition that musical phenomena are best characterized as an animated flux, a motion carried on and across the body and the subjective field. Musical listening thereby requires active participation on the part of the subject - and forms a skill. There is an intimate connection between perception and skill due to structural community of their modes of constitution and their expressive quality. Hence, the motion that incarnates musical phenomena is not only kinetic, but kinesthetic. As she progresses through the arcana of instrumentalist craftsmanship, the apprentice develops the musical topography of her instrument. She does so via an exploratory process by which she trains her ears, educates her attention, and learns gestures that are cut out to the morphology of her body and the characteristics of the instrument. Skill transmission (musical or otherwise) usually requires tuition, a process by which instructor and apprentice engage in a form of didactic companionship. Rather than attempting to hand over ready-made schemes, the process of tuition brings apprentices to form their own gestures. These gestures aim to be harmoniously effective, compliant with tradition, yet their motivation is not merely practical, but also aesthetic, stylistic and mythical
Da, Silva Correia Julia. "Les fonctions de la musique dans le développement des personnes en situation de transition psychosociale : le parcours de 60 adultes faisant l’expérience de la migration". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU20006.
In psychology, the experience of migration is principally studied from the perspective of the risks that it carries. As part of a socio-cultural and historical approach to developmental psychology, migration can be considered as a psychosocial transition which is favourable to personalization (Baubion-Broye et al, 2013). The combination of the socialisation and symbolical resource models, respectively developped by Malrieu (2003) and Zittoun (2007), enable us to consider the supporting role of artefacts (Meyerson, 1948), specifically those that are to do with the development of subjects engaged in a transition such as migration. The litterature suggests that music / musiking (Small, 2020) may indeed assist the process of personalization.Within this context, the objective of this study is to illuminate the functions that musicking fulfills in the development of people undergoing the psychosocial transition that constitutes the migratory experience via a comprenhensive, inductive approach, and a qualitative methodology.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 adults (30 males; 30 females) ; aged between 20-70 years (m=35 ; σ =11) ; from 31 different nationalities, having migrated to France as adults for various reasons ; and having been resident between 1 month and 48 years (m=7.5 years ; σ = 123 months) and having varying levels of practical musical ability. Their accounts were used in 4 analyses : lexicometric (Alceste) ; from content (Nvivo) ; 'dynamic' (developmental timeline) ; statistical.The results show that : 1) the migratory psychosocial transition effectively underlies a process of personalization, even when it is subjected to, or the cause of violence ; 2) the musical practices of the participants are not restricted to those of their orginal environnement but are unique ; 3) amongst other resources, music fulfills the functions of different natures : emotional, symbolic, temporal and social, supporting the development of the changes undergone by the participants
Amireault, Steve. "Effet d’une intervention visant à favoriser le maintien de la pratique de l’activité physique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29863/29863.pdf.
The overall objective of this thesis was to test the efficacy of brief and inexpensive interventions to favour physical activity maintenance (PAM). The first part of this thesis deals with the conceptual definition of PAM and the validity of physical activity assessment. The results of a first study provided validity evidences for using fitness centre attendance electronic records to objectively assess the frequency of leisure-time physical activity among adults.The second part of this thesis is about the determinants of PAM. Two studies were conducted to identify demographic and psychosocial determinants of PAM among adults. The results revealed that the constructs of beliefs about capabilities and motivation and goals were associated with PAM. In addition, health status (real or perceived) was directly associated with PAM and was a moderator of beliefs about the consequences - PAM relationships. The last part of this thesis deals with the effectiveness of two behaviour change techniques to favour PAM: the question-behavior effect (QBE; interrogative intention questions) and implementation intentions (II; “if-then” plans to manage barriers. The results showed that there was no significant effect of these two interventions. However, there was a significant Self-Rated Health (SRH) × Conditions interaction (F(2,103) = 3.80; p = 0.03). Among individuals with lower SRH, PA behaviour of the control condition (1.88 days/week) was higher compared to the QBE and QBE+II conditions (1.35 and 1.44 days/week) (d [95%CI] = -0.78 [-1.28, -0.27]; p = 0.002). Asking adults to answer several intention questions regarding their maintenance of PA participation at a University fitness centre, with or without forming “if-then” plans to manage potential barriers, was not effective in optimising physical activity adherence or maintenance.
Andrieu, Michaël. "La pratique musicale en milieu carcéral : une voie de socialisation". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040252.
In France, prisons have been developing musical activities devoted to prisoners for several decades. Te specificities of these collective activities are linked to particular musical attributes (expression without words, tempo and time analysis, cultural links) which give each prisoner the opportunity to choose his own place, to reveal his identity and in that way to find his own position among the group of individuals who are in prison. According to theories, we have built a hypothesis that we've tried to validate thanks to a multifaceted study : interviews with prisoners and authorities, observations of musical activities, analysis of sound parameters in different prisons. . . We can deal with this musical topic through these elements wich offer us numerous complementary main lines. This leads us to show that a prisoner can consider musical activities as a way of socialization within the prison but also in the prospect of social rehabilitation
Inarra, Martine. "Le stress et l'anxiété dans la pratique des sports à risques". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21008.
The aim was to know better the coping strategies used by athletes in the face of different types of stressful situations (competitive sport and risk sport), to measure the emotional adjustment and performance. The relationships between the moderating variables (coping and state anxiety) were studied. The influence of the athletes characteristics (age, level of practice, social and professional class) on the depending variables was measured (emotional adjustment, performance). The population was made up of 145 males (63 semi-marathon runners on competitive situation and 82 paragliders). The study was carried out using the s. T. A. I-y. From Spielberger and al. (1983) and the w. C. C. (version from Vitaliano and al. , 1985). The results can be summed up as followed: - an analysis with principal components followed by a varimax rotations allowed us four factors of which one is specific to athletes. - the athletes seem to have a better control than non-sportive people. - a connection would exist between level of anxiety and coping stratagem and would vary according the sportive situation. - some subjects' social and biographical characteristics (age, level of practice) are linked to the use of particular coping stratagems (social support-seeking, attentional avoidance)
Coëffin-Driol, Christine. "PMA - IVG, éthique et pratique des soignants face aux enjeux de la (dé)fabrication humaine". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL008.
This thesis in psychology emerge from a larger qualitative research conjunctively approaching all the nursing staff activity in 2 infertility clinics and 2 abortion clinics. The investigation of the abilities and feelings mobilized in the operations types by the way of 122 non participant observations and 44 research interviews, has allowed to select and put the focus more specifically on the ethic built up within work situations throughout the research interviews double analysis Cognitivo-Discursive under Tropes® and Clinical -. The results bring out the nursing staff subjective moral autonomy and expanded moral responsibility, behaving reaching metamorphosis since human (de)procreation is at stake, as well as the necessity for the human sciences which work out those subjects, to change their paradigms. At that close distance to what is all about, the nursing staff is adjusting in his intervention intimacy, because one has to arbitrate, compose, discern, compromise with oneself and with the others, whoever they are, to take steps to ensure that the activity sense would be maintained but not only : the idea of what is humanity, the Species survival. Finally, this research constitutes itself, in psychology, as an argument for clinical analysis of the medical and non medical practises
Selmi, Sami. "Influence de la congruence musicale sur les comportements des clients d'un cybercafé". Lorient, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORIL296.
Several studies attest to the influence of background music on consumer behaviour in a retail environment. However, few studies have tested the degree of congruence between the music played in the store and the type of goods and services offered. An experiment was carried out in a cybercafé where Rap music (congruence condition), Folklore music (non congruence condition) and no music (control condition) have been released. The results show that the mean amount of money spent was significantly higher, and more customers intend to recommend and come back another time when music is Rap
Francoeur, Mikaël. "Enrichir la pratique des pianistes classiques : la contribution du public à la construction de sens dans un récital commenté interactif". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40129.
The relation between artist and audience in classical music is traditionally defined by a paradigm in whichthe arts professional is the exclusive maker of the art work’s meaning, and where the audience recognizes an artistic or scientific authority in the meaning he receives from the arts professional.This is contrary to a paradigmatic shift that has been observed in various areas, and where consumers claim an increased control over the meaning-making of the products they consume. This leads to the realization that a favoured practice of classical pianist, the lecture-recital, is ill suited to this paradigmatic shift, since meaning-making in a lecture-recital is the sole responsibility of the artist.Using a research-creation approach, we devised in Interactive Lecture-Recital (ILR) in which the audience was responsible for selecting textual andmusical material by emitting live votes through a digital interface.Listeners therefore had to make a coherent meaning from scattered cultural elements, all of which revolved around Québécois composer Léo Roy (1887–1974).After eachof thethree ILR’s that I presented, audience members completed a survey aiming to assess their concert experience and their meaning-making at the ILR.Audience members generally welcomed enthusiastically the opportunity to play a more active meaning-making role, although individuals presented a variety of attitudes pertaining to artist–audience cooperation.This type of reception brings an increased difficulty for the spectator. This prompts an artist to use adaptation strategies, in order to enhance spectators’reception.An analysis of survey data shows five parameters that an artist can vary in order to adapt an ILR to various publics, with the goal of providing an optimal experience to audience members: conceptual distance between modulesof cultural material, addition or deletion of chronological data, completeness of the introduction, presentation of links between modules, and presentation of musical pieces. We argue that this kind of reception brings a new relevance to classical pianism, by adapting it to a contemporaryconsumption paradigm.
Bekkouche, M'hammed. "Agressivité, santé mentale et pratique sportive : une approche psychologique des processus d'influence". Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0002.
Roque, Janine. "Pratique professionnelle, charge émotionnelle et représentation sociale : policiers C.R.S. et situations de foule". Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10004.
Hoshino, Etsuko. "L'acculturation musicale des japonais". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100028.
It has been agreed that culture penetrates into our subjective experiences like thought, feelings, tendencies in action and even perception under the effect of "acculturation". In this study, some processes of musical acculturation is present-day Japanese, particularly the process of "bimusicality", were investigated by means of psychological methods. This study consists of three chapters: chapter 1 sets out to consider the theme of the aspect of children's development in the domain of music, chapter 2 describes the changes in Japanese music in history through investigation of psychoacoustic or musical characteristics of the listeners, and finally chapter 3 carries out research concerning the musical emotions and preferences of Japanese people, including comparative studies on listeners from different cultures. The results of findings suggest that there are three layers in the musical competence of human beings: the upper one called "socio-cultural", the lower one called "traditional" and in the depths of them a layer that may be called "universal". We suppose that these might determine our musical behavior according to their respective interactions
Havard, Liliane. "Création musicale et psychose chez Robert Schumann". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT3027.
Robert Schumann (1810-1856) was not born into a family of musicians. He did everything he could to become one and showed great determination to this end. His search for solitude, his relations to woman, his auditory hallucinations, the foundering of his relation to his masters and his appeal to the father brought us to infer a psychotic structure. The limits of jouissance no longer restricted him, so that he found himself yoked to the unlimited, enigmatic jouissance of the Other, which is not regulated by the phallic signifier. Musical language is another register bearing the signification of the bond that the artist maintained with the Other. He was confronted to a language that short-circuited articulated language. But at a given moment, creation no longer sufficed; things fell apart and he disconnected from the social bond. His oeuvre maintained the subject within creation and the social bond, up to a certain point. The music that had permitted him to hold together gave way; that which was serving as his sinthome no longer had effect. The last witnesses speak of the strange state of the musician before his internment (April 1854), a state of a sort of confusion with music
Crestou, Nicole. "Regards intimes sur un processus de destruction à partir d'une pratique personnelle de la sculpture en terre crue". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010557.
This thesis describes and analyses an artistic practice: clay sculpture representing the body of the artist are modelled, and then installed, while still unfired. Their display, in function of the exhibition space, facilitates or simply permits their destruction in the course of the exhibition. This research involves around the problems of the e@phemeral wich is here at the heart of the work, and which becomes itself the work of art, embodied by the duration oftheinelectable destruction and its significations. The choice of the reproduction of the human body, in whole or in part, the relationship of the artist to her image, and to its multiple representations are analysed as generative of this position in favour of the ephemeral, which once used but now rejects photography as a witness to the work
Lannot, Elsa. "La pratique du prélèvement d'organes et ses incidences subjectives". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5042.
The recent practice of the organ retrieval arouses new questioning as for the way the body is apprehend and treated by three categories of actors : the nursing, the jurists and the close relations of the dead patient. Consisting in taking organs from an individual died to be then transplanted on patients, this practice proceeds to a break of the body which implies from the diagnosis of the death that this body is taken in the functioning of the trade economy, what goes against the unified representation which we have of our body. This practice is not without effects on the close relations of dead patients. It is these subjective incidences which were exactly isolated in this work during the situation which creates the demand of organ donation. And in a more general way, this context of the practice of the taking allowed to enlighten about the status of the human body in the contemporary modalities of the social exchange
Rousseu, Christelle. "Stabilité de la dépendance-indépendance à l'égard du champ visuel et effet de la pratique sportive". Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0015.
The aim of the present work was to study the effects of several factors linked to sport practice, on the visual field dependency-independency (FDI), knowing that the FDI is classically considered as stable. To determine the subject's FDI, we used the Rod and Frame Test (RFT), and worked out new techniques to analysed RFT results, particularly by including different degrees of frame tilt. Firstly, a specific postural education (taekwondo training) seems affect subject FDI. Secondly, our results showed a height effect on FDI, and consequently a weight effect. Thirdly, a FDI perceptive asymmetry was shown. This asymmetry was not a stable characteristic for all subjects, and depended on their age and the degree of tilt of the visual environment. Fourthly, the stability of the FDI could be questioned, at short term, by physical fatigue. It seems clear that numerous factors influence the FDI. These factors must be formally defined and should be systematically controlled in later experiments
Amireault, Steve. "Modérateurs des relations intention-comportement et perception du contrôle-comportement et histoire familiale d'obésité : influences potentielles sur la pratique régulière de l'activité physique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24462/24462.pdf.
Le, Guellec Hélène. "Influence de la musique sur les interactions Hommes-Machine : le concept de congruence musicale appliqué à un environnement médiatisé par ordinateur, l'internet". Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIL114.
Attitudinal, cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to the environment could be influenced by an exposure to musical stimuli. The musical fit theory claims better evaluation of an object when it is combined with congruent music (Areni and Kim, 1993; North and Hargreaves, 1999; North et al. , 2004). Musical fit is defined by the correspondence of people’s subjective perception of the music and their representations of the object. This doctoral work enters into the framework of this field of research, attempting to understand the influence mechanisms of a musical genre on the responses of web surfers. A sequence of experiments put the musical fit hypothesis to the test on a Breton website, www. Belleile. Com. , foreboding great prospects for research. Jazz music which corresponds well to a “thalassotherapy hotel” may lead people to explore and choose this kind of accommodation on the website. Furthermore, how web surfers perceive the website could be different according to the degree of musical fit. So a congruent piece of music makes the website more playful and ergonomic. Moreover, musical fit would produce positive affects which would give a better global impression and produce better acceptance of the content. Even if our results tend to bear out the musical fit theory, they should be harmonized by including mediators and moderating variables in the conceptual modelling
Zvénigorodsky, Pierre. "Un sculpteur dans l'équipe : réflexion sur une pratique de la sculpture en milieu urbain". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010604.
A thirty-year experience of sculpting in urban environment entitles neither to demonstrate the necessity of urban art, nor to work out aesthetic choises. This reflexion work aims at drawing up an agreement to " set the town in motion. " townplanning means pluridisciplinary teams identifying and supervising the operations. Urban art is based on the synergy of fundamental arts. Without sculpture there is no urban art. But joining in the project makes it necessary for the sculptor to take into account the range of usefulness. How shall we preserve the authenticity of each art while doing teamwork and reckoning with every functional element? That is one of the stakes of this reflexion. Since the first full-scale experiments - such as the new towns -, wide layouts have spring from artistic expertise. Sculpture has become both a facility and a staging of sensations, provided the inhabitants are the actors. However this analysis revealed the limits due to the usefulness prerogative. An aera of controle replaced a place of exchange. The development of a sculpture project for a motorway was checked when the relation of seeing and hearing was not allowed for. A process of trangression had to be worked out then, and sculpture was withdrawn from the project and occasionally from the team. Fundamental research in the worshop enabled to overcome these restraints. In dunkirk the memorizing of the model moves commanded those of the building site installations. Serial elements and variations became the determining factors in framing the columns of pont ids in the park. A commission for a private tomb, within an art school, was the occasion that revealed the effectiveness of the workshop rituals. If urban art requires fundamental research, the teamwork is modified. The drafts for a graveyard that are being stutied involve work sharing. Some rules of the game are imperative, enhancing the autonomy of each art in a convergent course and seeking a form of experimental sculpture on the field. The relation between techniques brings motion and sense to the town, in so far as actions and reflexions are called for within the scope to artistic work
Piquard, Ambre. "Attention préparatoire et attention sélective : étude et relations avec la planification et les activités de la vie quotidienne chez des patients présentant une maladie neurodégénérative responsable d'un dysfonctionnement frontal". Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H018.
Attention is essential for mental functioning (in individuals) because of its implication in behavioural regulation and adaptation. LaBerge (1995) proposed a model of attention including the notion of preparatory attention, in which the frontal lobes seem to play a crucial role. Preparatory attention contributes to goal achievement and, more generally, to adaptative behavior. We studied preparatory attention, using an experimental test developed by LaBerge (LaBerge et al. , 2000) in patients suffering from a neurodegenerative disease involving frontal lobe dysfunction (frontotemporal dementia associated or not with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease) in which attentional defecits are frequently described. The results are in contradiction to precedent studies. The slope of response times, measure of preparatory attention proposed by LaBerge, could reflect different processes depending on whether this slope is high or low. The study of the orientation of selective attention using the spatial cueing task (Posner, 1980) demonstrates an engagement and/or disengagement deficit associated with an inhibition of return deficit in patients with FTD and AD. We also studied the implication of preparatory attention in planning and activities of daily living. The relationship with planning and activities of daily living confirms the necessity to dissociate both types of slope in so far as only low slopes are correlated with these activities. The low slopes may potentially be the reflection of a deficit in working memory, global attention or divided attention. Our results confirm the implication of an attentional component in planning and activities. However, preparatory attention does not seem to be linked specifically to these activities
Jlid, Mohamed Chedly. "Incidence de la maturation biologique et du niveau de la pratique gymnique sur les critères morphologiques, physiques et motivationnels chez les gymnastes adolescentes : l'exemple de la gymnastique artistique". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100126.
In women artistic gymnastics, teenager gymnasts reach their best performances. During the period of adolescence, these gymnasts are in full process of growth and puberty maturation motivations. Besides, they are in levels of gymnastics practice that differs according to their morphological, physical faculties and their motivation. In this research, we proved the incidence of the biological maturation through puberty stages and the level of gymnastics practice on factors that lead to the gymnastics' performance. These selected factors split into three aspects, which are the morphological, the physical capacities and the motivation based on the auto-determination theory. Starting from the morphological aspect, we cleared the gymnasts' morphological profiles. Moreover, we determined the morphological criteria of shape thanks to the morphological indices. Then on the physical aspect, physical factors selected of specific physical capacities and especially in the gymnastics practice. We demonstrated that some physical capacities are significant different based on puberty maturation stages and the level of gymnastics practice. Finally, on the motivational aspect, we cleared the profile of the gymnasts and we fixed all under forms of motivation that dominate according to the puberty maturation stages and the level of gymnastics practice. From the most applicable criteria for the practice of the high-level gymnastics, we elaborated rank tables and general notes summarizing the three aspects (morphological, physical, and motivational) based on the level of gymnastics practice and puberty maturation stages. These scales and final notes are our objective tools of assessment for the selection, the orientation and the follow-up of the gymnasts
Perrot, Bastien. "Repérage des problèmes liés à la pratique des jeux de hasard et d'argent sur Internet". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1033/document.
Gambling is a leisure activity which can turn out to be problematic. Indeed, some gamblers can lose control over their gambling practice and suffer negative social, personal or professional consequences. Moreover, people who gamble online seem to be particularly at risk of gambling problems. Screening of problematic gambling practices, in particular on the Internet, is an important step in the setting of prevention measures. The main objective of the present thesis was to define a typology of online gambling behaviors, in order to identify risky gambling behaviors. A multilevel latent class cluster analysis was performed based on player account-based data of gamblers owning an account on a gambling operator website. The model highlighted distinct clusters of monthly gambling behaviors, including ones corresponding to likely problematic gambling behaviors. We also identified gamblers profiles, some of which could correspond to at risk gamblers. By linking these results with gambler reported data collected through questionnaires, it would be possible to set up targeted prevention measures, adapted to gamblers profile
Thoumy, Andrée. "Effets d'une formation sur les obstacles à la pratique du raisonnement expérimental chez des enseignants de biologie au Liban". Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070029.
This research is an attempt to detect the obstacles met by preservice biology teachers, and to understand their strategies and procedures while practicing experimental reasoning that underlies an activity of sciences production, activity previously unknown by the examinees. It shows that many obstacles of different natures and at the different levels of this activity, i. E. , formulation of hypothesis, testing hypothesis and concluding, may interfere in the activity, such as decoding the instructions, the unfamiliarity of the task and other obstacles related to the level of development of subjects or to their conceptual knowledge. Despite these obstacles, the subjects try to keep an internal cognitive coherence. A strategy of training using 3 new procedures for learning: metacognitive activities, conjectures and refutations and abstraction of models allow the subjects to make significant gains. Trained subjects use now high level or performance, making economy of means and energy and are field-independant
Cruz, de Menezes Ruth. "Les stratégies cognitives utilisées lors de la transcription musicale et des facteurs cognitifs pouvant influencer leur résultat". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27434/27434.pdf.
Lhez, Pierrette. "De la robe de bure à la tunique pantalon : étude sur la place du vêtement dans la pratique infirmière (1870-1990)". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR21005.
Clothing is the theme of this social, psychological, political and cultural study of the nursing profession since its creation, that is to say, from the 1870's to the present day. The first part entitled "origin and birth of the symbol" goes from 1870 a 1990. It traces in which context the woman, because she is a woman, can only be a nurse and subservient. Clothing is the symbol of such professional values as denial of self and subservience. This conception is also linked to professional role models. The second part is entitled "in search of an impossible function" it analyses in particular the change after the 1970's of clothing. Of what significance is the passage from a symbolic costume to a functional costume, both on the structure of the institutions and on personal identity. This latter is discussed in relation to the evolution of the literature. Numerous paradoxes tend to place the nurse in a double constraints, as described by Bateson
Gaudron, Jean-Philippe. "Les effets de l'anxiete informatique et de la pratique des ordinateurs sur les scores, les profils et le style de comportement pendant le testing". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H048.
From a review on computerised psychological testing assessment and an overview on computer anxiety, it was hypothesised that computer anxiety is a bias in test use for low computer anxious. Two scales to assess computer anxiety and past computer experience were developed. Then, a series of empirical studies was undertaken to examine the effects of computer anxiety on scores, profiles and behaviour. Across these studies, various tests were proposed (intelligence test, personality inventory, reasoning sub-test, vocational interest inventory), various conditions were made (normal, stressful, with heavily involved) and various samples were used (undergraduate university students, pupils). These studies show three main results. First, there is no effect of computer anxiety on scores, profiles and behaviour. Second, high and low computer anxious differ in attitudes during testing sessions, in some personality traits and in vocational personality types. Third, computer anxiety and past computer experience are not exactly the same constructs and past computer experience has more main effects then computer anxiety
Le, Her Michel. "Représentations sociales de la pratique physique et sportive et du sport chez les institutrices". Rennes 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN20001.
Even if she is based on a poll using a list of questions, the research differs from classic sociological polling by the epistemological nature of the responses. These are considered as social images built for and in the interchange. They permit to the respondents to be classed in the social context and also to know where they stand in this context. The study focuses on a group of women who teach primary school. They are responding to the man conducting the interview in the role both as a psychological researcher and as a sporting specialist. The question dead with sports which, until now, had been reserved to men. The primary framework is that of social psychology backed by the outlook of sociology. The sociological approach has been dictated both by sports dealt with in the questionnaire and by the diversity found among the teachers as to their social origins and as their varied lives. In essence, this study focuses on sociology of cultural consummation and on a life style of the respondents. The first part of the thesis is built on a global analysis of the questionnaire whiz emphasis on a dominant social image projected by this group of women and the main ideas underlying this social image. The analysis shows (in comments on the sports in which they engage and in their comments on sports in general) their desire to distance themselves from the sport dominated by men and to construct (at least in words) their own versions of sports. These main ideas underlying their social image yield a double status: they are women and they belong to the middle class. The second part of the thesis tries to go belong these quite common main ideas, by analysing several correlations in the respondent's answers. These correlations are taken in the context of each respondant'real social situation (the combination of her social status and that of her husband). Thus it appears that sports participation is, closely related to present social status. One might characterize this participation as sign-language. On the other hand, these teachers' views on sports in general are drawn from their social origins and from their objective conditions under which their deepest tastes were formed
Traclet, Alan. "Légitimité perçue des comportements d'agression dans la pratique du football : influence de la perspective adoptée par les joueurs". Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20001.
The aim of this explanatory study is to examine the influence of the perspective adopted by soccer players on the perceived legitimacy of aggression in football. The game reality shows some differences of interpretation between the players, according to the perspective that they can adopt in the situation. Differences exist also between the aggressor and the referee. In others words, it is important to take into account the actor/self's and the observer/other's perspectives. Studies on the “perspective-related differences” have suggested to each perspective correspond to a different interpretation of what is aggressive/illegitimate (e. G. , Mummendey & Otten, 1989). The results of own work indicate (a) a persistent effect of the perspective adopted by players on the perceived legitimacy of aggression, (b) an influence of situational information on the self-other divergence, and (c) differences of perceptions between the “agressors” players and the referees/coaches
Quentin, Corinne. "Personnalisation, culture et corps : processus de personnalisation dans la pratique de l'aikido, art martial japonais, pour des sujets francais se trouvant au japon". Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20092.
The research is about the function that can have a foreign culture (japanese) and the practice of a martial art such as aikido in the process of personnalisation. We study the way how an individual tries to build a situation in which he could make a conflictual working out of identity and adjustment to the reality of institutions. Investissement of body is shown as an element of a code, of a symbolic system. Acculturation process is seen as a way of modeling the reciprocal relation between individual and institutions. The research made at the international aikido center in tokyo, by an analysis of the speech of french people practicing aikido, attempts to show how contradictory elements can be integrated
Tokay, Serâ. "Approche empirico-eidétique de l'expérience musicale en sa constitution affective : une phénoménologie de la motricité musicale". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010606.
By giving expression to an eidetic intuition of the specificity of musical experience enriched by the daily practice of the instrument and familiarity with works from the classical repertoire, phenomenology, in its dialogue with the neurosciences, has to be able to fulfill a double function: both critical and positive. On the one hand, it brings to light the category mistakes inherent in recent programs seeking to reduce music either to basic emotions or else to the dynamic structure of the perception of time or again, to a non-verbal language of communication. On the other hand, it has made it possible for us to reorient ongoing research in the direction of an investigation of the neurophysiological conditions underlying the immersion into the spiritual universe of Brahms (and other composers), and this by way of an intropathic projection of a kinaesthetic auto-affection, establishing a resonance between the music-lovers auditive appreciation and the muscular tensions and relaxations of the musician body accomplishing the gestures productive of his ‘musical sound’. The author, a pianist and orchestral conductor, wants to lay the foundations for an eidetic investigation of our kinaesthetic experience of embodiment, of empathy, of intersubjectivity and of a musical noematics. The present work draws the philosophical lessons of her participation in a team of neurophysiologists, led by Professor Fadiga of the University of Ferrara, whose work led to the recent publication of a quantitative criterion of the driving force of conducting applicable to aesthetic judgment. Anticipation, one of the most fundamental properties of all living being for the physiologist, along with distensio animi, the structure of time consciousness for the philosopher, both lie at the root of a technical principle intuitively comprehended by the world’s great orchestral conductors
Dardeau, Sophie. "La créativité musicale chez l'interprète de musique contemporaine au "Moment présent" : l'exemple des versions 1958 et 1992 de la "Sequenza I" pour flûte traversière de Luciano Berio". Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040119.
The musical creativity of the interpreter is considered here though the study of a work soloist exit of the repertory for flute: "Sequenza I" of L. Berio. In reference to the field of musical aestheticism, cognitive psychology and psychoanalysis, it is a question of highlighting creative emergences of the interpreter, during his translation of work, at the "present moment" (concept from D. N. Stern). For that, a comparative approach of the two original versions (1958 and 1992) of the type-setter is proposed, accompanied by a musical analysis of the interpretation of three recordings carried out on CD and made by professionals flutists used to a contemporary musical language. Through the study of this major work from the flute repertory, Berio "Sequenza I", we will look for the musical creativity of these three performers at the "present moment", by means of an experimental protocol, through a comparative approach of those two original versions
Roitstein, Florencia. "Face au sida : attitudes et comportements des médecins généralistes en milieu hospitalier en Argentine". Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0040.
Burvingt, François. "Le geste et la musique : étude sur les fondements et la nature de leurs relations, incluant des essais de vérification pratique auprés d'enfants d'âge pré-scolaire". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25074.
Art is a symbolic expression. Artistic physical activities are connected with music. Music is a product of imagination applied to the links between body and sound. This implies a psychological process of representation, meaning and evocation. Sense of music, physical and semiotic abilities build up together. Musical actions are therefore global in ontogenesis. Gestural reactions to music vary according to its contents. Musical and gestural patterns can include a similar scheme. The mental picture following gesture may help to perceive a scheme of musical movement. But the links between body and sound connote social and cultural facts. Each musical practice implies a gesture pattern and contemporary works refer expressly to gesture. The notion of a corporeal source for music fits into philosophical, historical and scientific debates. Semiotics helps to analyse references, interpretations and connections. But the aesthetic experience remains a personnal matter, a combination of emotion and reason. Education can favour the child's creativity. Linked together, music, plastic arts and gesture broaden our concept of physical education
Jacqueline, Sandra. "Compréhension comparée des pratiques psychopharmacologiques et psychanalytique de prises en charge hospitalières : défaire et refaire une sociologie de la psychiatrie". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0156.
Social science studies of psychiatry have been mainly interested in the social mandate of the psychiatric institution. The polarisation of psychiatry between psychodynamic approaches and biological approaches in the etiology of mental disorders has given rise to public debates but also within the social science to question of the scientific and therapeutic functions of this medical speciality. This thesis proposes to jointly investigate the transformations of contemporary psychiatry, the professional organisation of the psychiatric hospital, the therapeutic function allocated in Prance to the psychiatric hospital and psychiatric practices by comparing the practices of care in two psychiatric wards: one of psychoanalytic orientation, the other referring to psychopharmacology. The thesis plan is organised around a central hypothesis in that the studied wards form some worlds of care which order and organise entities involved in the definition of care according to the primary aim of treatment pursued by each of them. The first part of the thesis focuses on the medical activity with the study of overall medical organisation and the forms of doctor-patient relationships. The second part of the thesis recounts the genealogy of nursing practice in psychiatry. The third part of the thesis analyses worlds of care in action from three boundary objects of psychiatry that are the "framework", the nurses* interviews and the buildings of the psychiatric services
Le, Bars Hervé. "Processus socio-cognitifs de la persistance et de l'abandon dans la pratique sportive intensive des jeunes judokas d'élite". Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON14002.
Huguet-Benabdelmouna, Marie-Céline. "La réussite en éducation musicale : des facteurs individuels aux facteurs contextuels". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259778.
Thomas, Raymond. "Les choix dans la pratique sportive : analyse des facteurs d'influence, conséquences pédagogiques". Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR2006.
The prodigious development of sports during the last 25 years is accompanied by an extension of the concept of dissimilar practices. Athletics, classical national sports, and leisure sports should be distinguished from each other. In our thesis, after having proposed a diachronical model of the reationship between these 3 categories and having listed the different work accomplished in the psychology and sociology of sports we propose a model describing the path taken by the subject in the frawork of the classical national sports and analyse the manner in wich athletics function, as well the particularities of leisure sports. The large factors wich direct the choice of the subject is studied. Culture first : research on the differentiated succes of countries in the olympic games showed that two sport ethics oppose each other. Environmental influence is theexamined. The social class to wich the subject belongs, his family, school prove to be pimordial elements. The media represents a powerful factor of influence in our civilisation the most important chaptor of the thesis is dedicated to this role, and several cases are presented - notably one conducted on a repre- sentative sample of the french population. This case clealy shows the impact of a series of television programs on the attitude of those who watch them. Finally, personal factors are examined. The role of women's condition are studied on the men and women of the french selection at the los angeles olympic games (1984). The study of the personality ends the thesis. A series of case stu- dies reveal that the classical approach with personality questionna- ries is inefficient. To conclude, we propose a few means of action for the teacher
Olivier, Michèle. "L'infirmière hospitalière : vêtement, identité, interactions : une approche anthropologique". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20016.
Belgacem, Imen. "Choisir une spécialité médicale : Aspects socio-culturels et subjectifs : l'exemple de la gynécologie-obstétrique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1PS04.
Lebeer, Guy. "L'éthique dans la pratique: une unité de cancérologie en observation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212528.
Bauduin, Chantal. "Du toucher à la touche comme accompagnement des processus d'altération : le rapport au corps dans les métiers de la relation : le cas de quatre élèves infirmiers". Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1006.
Kariya, Toshinobu. "Antonin Artaud épistolier : une pratique paradoxale de l’expression du moi". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20033/document.
The correspondence of Antonin Artaud (1896-1948) occupies an essential place in his writings. It shows probably better than his other texts the singularity of his expression. This dissertation examines the role played by his correspondence, the importance of which is admitted, but still insufficiently explored. From the publication of the Correspondence with Jacques Rivière (1924), that started following the refusal of Rivière to publish the poems of Artaud, he publishes letters or texts in epistolary style as if they could replace his works in which he is unable to express his own reality because of his illness : he refuses works "separated from life" and believes he can better express himself in letters. The epistolary expression is for him a way to make the "cry of life" heard and to fight against the "feeling of lack of cause". However, it is not clear that, although anchored in real situations, the correspondence can function as Artaud wants. Rather, in the 1920s and 1930s, its position for him is ambiguous.Chapter 1 approaches this problem in two aspects : the authenticity and the temporality. In his letters, we can see Artaud complain very often of his addressees’ misunderstanding about his pain. His letters do not prove its authenticity, and the ambiguity always goes into them. For him, the authenticity must be proven by the accord of his writings with the present time. But his illness, as well as the fact that the letters consist of words, prevent the realization of this accord. His letters can transcribe only his hustle and time gaps. Thus, far from showing his raw reality, the correspondence becomes an attempt to cover these gaps, to find the reality that he cannot seize, his true self, original and intact. To do this, Artaud uses imaginary elements, still asking for the immediate contact, which makes the role of his letters paradoxical. Chapter 2 examines the problem of destination. The presence of others is necessary for Artaud to think, to complete his lack. His addressees are depositories of his self. But his letters are addressed, beyond actual addressees whose presence is after all imaginary, to the transcendent instance, to the Other as notes Vincent Kaufmann in L’Équivoque épistolaire, instance that allow him access to the expression and restores his identity. His addressees who are authorities and paternal (critics, religious leaders, statesmen, doctors, etc.) are figures of the Other. In addition, the female addressees who are his lovers are his halves that must be incorporated to find again the original unity. His love letters are so marked by his strong desire of fusion. Yet at the same time, the union by love exposes his unity to loss in the flow of things. Letters are also written in order to introduce a distance. The issue of his travel letters, discussed in Chapter 3, is to make simultaneously the two opposite movements (close and away). Distant countries represent for Artaud metaphysical places where he should find his original unity. During his travels in Mexico (1936) and Ireland (1937), his letters are like a stage for the advent of a new identity, stage where meet the beyond and the here-now. It is here that the paradoxical use of letters reaches the peak, because the realization of the "real drama" means, as prophesied he, the disappearance of the material world and therefore that of the letters. His letters direct their own disappearance, which curiously coincides with his arrest in Dublin and the beginning of his life in asylums (1937-1946)
Hunin, Nathalie E. "L'étude de l'incidence d'une pratique sportive compétitive sur les problématiques adolescentaires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211478.
Parent, Kathy. "La psychothérapie personnelle comme facteur d'influence du travail des réactions contre-transférentielles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57879.pdf.
Laroche, Manon. "Contribution à l'analyse de la pratique de l'activité physique en contexte de santé : les apports des orientations régulatrices". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0385.
This thesis aims to deepen the analysis of the links between the Promotion and Prevention Regulatory Foci and the practice of physical activity considered in a health context. In particular, Selection, Optimization and Compensation strategies (SOC) and the six motivations underlined by the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) are considered as potential mediators. To meet this objective, six correlational studies were conducted with general and specific populations (type II diabetic). In addition, two psychometric studies have led to the development of a tool measuring regulatory foci in the specific context of physical activity. The results of these studies indicate that promotion focus is systematically positively related to the practice of physical activity. This positive relationship is established through three adaptive strategies (i.e., elective selection, optimization and compensation strategies) and four motivations (i.e., intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation and introjected regulation). With regard to the prevention focus, these studies reported more mixed results. Directly, this regulatory focus is in most cases not associated with practice. However, these observations were not generalizable to all of our studies. At the end of these results, theoretical, methodological and applied perspectives are proposed for the study of the motivational processes related to the practice of physical activity
Didierjean, Romaine. "Les pratiques physiques et sportives des filles originaires de Turquie : conditions de pratique, genre et appartenances culturelles : une comparaison franco-allemande". Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1102.
Müller, Elise. "Poétique du "sauvage" : une pratique de tatouage dans le monde contemporain". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00758091.
Gravereau-Angeneau, Lorraine. "Le pardon : approche phénoménologique et existentielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080123.
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Bozzi, Frédéric. "Jouer le jeu - Une approche compréhensive de l'efficience éthique". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416381.