Articoli di riviste: "Power resources – government policy"

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Byambasuren, Tsenguunjav, Avralt-Od Purevjav e Erdenetungalag Erdenekhuyag. "Economic Impacts of the Government Investment Policy". International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, n. 1 (gennaio 2015): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015010104.

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The abundant natural resources can bring either positive or negative impact to the country's economy depending on the macroeconomic policies. Mongolia has massive mineral resource dominated by coal, copper, and gold. The Government of Mongolia has started to implement a number of infrastructure projects to decrease the mining project's cost burden caused from the country's weak infrastructure. This paper aims to assess the economic impact of the government investment policy towards the mining sector. In order to investigate the alternative options of the government investment policy, it uses a simulation analysis using the Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model which is developed for Mongolian economy. In the empirical analysis, this paper considers following two policy scenarios: Power plant and Copper refinery. The results suggest that both the policy scenarios have positive impact on the domestic economy, of which making the investment to power plant is the better option for the policy makers.

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Hariri, Achmad, e Samsul Arifin. "ANALYSIS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICY MODELS IN PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN THE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT SECTOR". JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 8, n. 2 (31 marzo 2023): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.33760/jch.v8i2.649.

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A research problem is related to the number of corruption crimes that occur in a village government sector, especially with the issuance of Law number 6 of 2014 concerning villages (Village Law), in the mandate of the law village governments with the principles of recognition and subsidiarity are given the authority to manage village funds allocation. From the broad authority owned by the village, it has the potential to be misappropriated due to many factors that includes human resources factors of the village apparatus, political factors and also the existence of power relations. The research purpose determined the regional government policy model in an effort to prevent corruption in the village government sector which was a model for local government policies. Therefore, the corruption in the village is increasingly suppressed. While this research method used empirical juridical research methods, the empirical approach sees law as a social, cultural reality or das sein. Since the primary data used were obtained directly from Bangkalan in this research. The result showed that the local governments had the obligation to supervise village governments as article 115 of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning the villages. It stated that districts / cities have a vital role, namely supervising village governments. Moreover, the minister of home affairs regulation number 113 of 2014 concerning village financial management explained that the government provinces are required to foster and supervise the provision and distribution of village funds, allocation of village funds, and revenue sharing of local taxes and levies from districts/cities. The potential for misappropriation of village government governance is caused by many factors, including human resources of village apparatus, political factors and also the existence of power relations. The policy model of the Bangkalan Regency Regional Government in an effort to reduce the misappropriation of power, especially the criminal act of corruption committed by thevillage apparatus, is still minimal.

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WOLL, CORNELIA. "Leading the Dance? Power and Political Resources of Business Lobbyists". Journal of Public Policy 27, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2007): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x07000633.

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Studies of lobbying try to determine the influence and power of non-governmental actors on public policy. Although influence is very difficult to measure empirically, many continue to push for better research design to solve the problem. Through case studies of business-government relations in the United States and the European Union, this article argues that the difficulties with power and influence concern not only their operationalisation, but they also reflect conceptual confusions. Trying to determine the ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ of a policy issue can be misleading, since power also structures apparently harmonious exchange relationships. The perceived success of business lobbying in the cases studied depended on the governments' receptiveness to their demands, which in turn depended on strategic advantages they saw for themselves in international negotiations. Even when business appears to lead the dance, it is more promising to look at resource distribution and the interdependence of both sides, instead of assuming the domination of business power over policy outcomes.

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Rafig Asgarov, Sirus. "China's Energy Policy in Africa". SCIENTIFIC WORK 61, n. 12 (25 dicembre 2020): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/61/179-183.

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China's interest in Sub-Saharan Africa, which can be summarized within the framework of 2 main objectives as the acquisition of fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, which are needed as a result of rapidly increasing production, as well as the marketing and supply of products obtained as a result of production, was first carried out with Angola, which has a very rich position in terms of oil. started as a result of contacts. Within the framework of the agreements made between the Chinese government and the Angolan government, which was selected as the pilot country in the opening towards the region, the long-term transfer of the oil extracted in Angola to China was ensured; In return for this sale, China made dams, power plants, electricity transmission, and distribution lines and various transportation infrastructure investments in the region. Key words: Africa, China, energy, resource, policy

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Gerber, Brian J., David B. Cohen e Kendra B. Stewart. "U.S. Cities and Homeland Security: Examining the Role of Financial Conditions and Administrative Capacity in Municipal Preparedness Efforts". Public Finance and Management 7, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 153–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210700700203.

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In this paper we address a question fundamental to understanding the potential effectiveness of homeland security policy across the U.S. federal system: what explains homeland security preparedness efforts at the municipal government level? Using data gathered from a nationwide survey of municipal officials, we examine the effects of city governments’ financial and administrative resources, along with measures of broader policy context, on several attitudinal and behavioral indicators of homeland security preparedness. We find that administrative resources have consistent and relatively robust explanatory power and we lay out several policy implications from the analyses presented.

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Biryomumeisho, Stephen, Johnson Ocan e Francis Akena Adyanga. "Factors Influencing Recentralization of Local Government Functions in Uganda". International Journal of Geopolitics and Governance 3, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijgg.3.1.1688.

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The decentralisation system of governance is perceived as one of the recent public sector reforms to improve service delivery in Uganda. It is the transfer of authority from Central to Local Governments to execute their duties to improve service delivery. Various developing countries have praised Uganda’s decentralisation policy regarding the magnitude of the transfer of authority to the local level. However, since 2003, the Central Government started reversing the policy in terms of : recentralization of the appointment of Chief Administrative Officers and Municipal Town Clerks and of recent City Town Clerks (for new cities in Uganda) from the District Service Commissions (DSCs) to the Public Service Commission, recentralization of Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) under the management of the Executive Director, Procurement of drugs from the district health office to the National Medical Stores (NMS), recentralization of the payroll and the recent recentralization of local revenue collection from LGs. This paper focuses on the factors influencing the recentralization of Local Government powers in Uganda. This is presumed to be evidence of the demise of decentralisation policy. From the reviewed articles, these factors include: accountability challenges, human resource management crisis, political interference by local authorities and lack of financial discipline among local authorities and fear of local autonomy. The paper concluded that recentralisation of Local Government functions reduced undue influence of local politicians though it accorded excessive powers to executive officers in Local Governments; human resource crisis was mainly caused by poor man power planning. Recentralisation of local revenue caused financial constraints at the local level and recentralisation of KCCA led to the weakening of the opposition but led to increases resources to develop the capital city. The paper recommended that the Parliament should harmonise with the central government on the issue of returning Local revenue collection and management at the local level; give reasonable powers to the local Governments to control top technical leadership; increase funding to Central Government staff to monitor Local Government programs and build the capacity of local leaders to improve service delivery

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Salami, Adeleke. "Taxation, revenue allocation and fiscal federalism in Nigeria: Issues, challenges and policy options". Ekonomski anali 56, n. 189 (2011): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1189027s.

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Taxation is one of the most important and easy sources of revenue to any government, as the government possesses inherent power to impose taxes and levies. Nigeria tax system has been weak due largely to inadequate data of the tax base and heavy reliance on oil revenue. With the volatility in oil prices and excruciating impacts of the recent global financial crisis, taxation deserves more attention now than ever before in Nigeria. One issue that is critical to domestic resource mobilization and utilization is the issue of fiscal federalism. Nigeria operates three tiers of government; Federal, State and Local Governments with separate revenue, expenditure, and assigned responsibilities each. However, all decisions including resources are controlled from the centre and the vertical revenue allocations tilt more towards the direction of federal government, contrary to the tenets of federalism the country is practicing. Both vertical and horizontal revenue in Nigeria is engulfed in controversy. The paper presents key issues, trend and challenges of taxation and fiscal federalism in Nigeria. In addition, the paper highlights a number of suggestions that would stimulate increase in tax revenue and guarantee fiscal assignment acceptable to the federal and sub-national government.

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Weaver, Vesla M., e Amanda Geller. "De-Policing America’s Youth: Disrupting Criminal Justice Policy Feedbacks That Distort Power and Derail Prospects". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 685, n. 1 (settembre 2019): 190–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219871899.

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The standard account of policy feedback holds that social policy can be self-reinforcing: policies provide resources that promote economic security and well-being, and they also encourage beneficiaries to engage with government. Criminal justice policies have typically had the opposite effect: they embolden those with interests in a punitive policy agenda, while disempowering those most affected by the policies. This is of particular concern for children and adolescents in race-class subjugated communities (RCS), whose first encounters with government beyond public schooling often come through police contact and carry adverse social and political consequences at a critical developmental stage. In this article, we reimagine youth engagement with the state, arguing for substantial reductions in police surveillance of young people and for the promotion of youth attachment to civic life. We call for an investment in institutions, both state-based and community-based, that reinforce political inclusion and civic belonging.

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Byham, Jack, Viviana Martinez-Gomez, John Kilburn e Andrew Hilburn. "When Government Is Not the Solution: The Role of Community Organizations in Outreach". Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 9, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2023): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.9.1.4-27.

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Trust between government entities and the public is critical; without it, communities become paralyzed in their ability to act collectively and for the greater good. Establishing and maintaining this trust, however, can be difficult. The outreach and coproduction performed by the coalition of organizations described in this article provide examples of how to address several interrelated problems of public distrust in the government. When viewed in their proper light, these examples enrich the theoretical understanding of contract failure theory. Rather than take advantage of their advantages in power, governments increasingly leverage the power of reciprocity to accomplish their goals by relying on preexisting community trust in nonprofits. Self-interest well understood is a critical component of this reciprocal relationship: it works best when government secures resources, funding, and access to policy processes, in return for nonprofit resources such as service delivery, political support, buy-in, and legitimacy. In this indirect way, nonprofit coproduction can help to foster perceptions of legitimacy and trust in government.

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Ibrahim, Abdul Halil Hi. "Decentralization and its impact on improving public services". International journal of social sciences 7, n. 2 (5 giugno 2024): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijss.v7n2.2278.

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Decentralization is the process of transferring decision-making power, authority and responsibility from the central government to regional governments or local entities. The process aims to bring government closer to the people, with the hope of improving the efficiency, accountability and responsiveness of public services to the specific needs of local communities. Decentralization is often regarded as a strategy to optimize resources, strengthen local democracy, and encourage active community participation in the policy-making process and its implementation. This study uses the literature research method. The results show that decentralization tends to improve the effectiveness and relevance of public services by empowering local governments to manage the specific needs of local communities. It creates a platform for wider public participation and increased government accountability and transparency. However, the findings also confirm that the negative elements of decentralization cannot be ignored. In particular, decentralization can result in inequalities in services between regions due to differences in resources, as well as pose policy coordination challenges. Lack of local capacity and the potential for increased corruption are significant obstacles to optimizing the benefits of decentralization.

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Viquaruddin, Mohammed. "Foreign Policy under NDA’s Second Term". Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, n. 1 (5 maggio 2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.1.1399.

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India always had a liberal approach to other parts of world; independent India pursued a diplomatic strategy based on Non-Alignment. India achieves rapid economic growth and promote economic reform; second, to conduct its diplomatic practices as a leading Asian power and even a global power but rather than as a regional South Asian country. This manuscript tries to cover some discussion on policies now prevailing under NDA-II. The right of center Bharatiya Janata Party government took decisive and bold measures to promote the shift of India’s foreign policy. A comparative purpose whether foreign policies are forwarding in continuation to previous governments or framing extrovert which may result to some healthy forerunning features as far as nation is concern. Reading observance issues become an obvious method for research along some necessary text available in form of books on current events happens. This NDA government focuses on the two decade old policy viz ASEAN solidarity, Neighbour wooing, Practical with East. Firm of Security Council membership, SAARC, Middle East were cover through fast track diplomacy. As a part of South Asia, India still has to devote most of its diplomatic and security resources in managing the traditional and nontraditional threats arising from within the region.

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Basri, Hasan. "Pengelolaan, Pengawasan Kawasan Pesisir dan Laut di Indonesia". REUSAM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, n. 2 (2 aprile 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/reusam.v8i2.3713.

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This research is a literature study on the management and supervision of coastal and marine areas in Indonesia. The results showed that coastal and marine areas with their natural resources have an important meaning for economic development, because coastal and marine areas are areas with biological and non-biological resources that are very productive. In addition, coastal and marine areas still have a number of critical problems related to ecological, socio-economic and institutional issues. Ecological problems can be observed from the phenomenon of damage to coral reefs, mangrove forests, pollution, overfishing, coastal abrasion and physical degradation of other coastal habitats. It is essentially aimed at empowering the socio-economy of the community, so the community should have contributed to organize themselves in managing coastal and marine resources in this autonomy era. The process of transferring power from government to society must be realized. However, there are a number of things that are still the responsibility of the government, such as matters of fiscal resources policy, development of facilities and infrastructure, preparation of coastal spatial planning, and resource management legal instruments. Even though this is part of the government's authority, it does not mean that the community does not have the contribution and participation in every policy formulation. With the contribution and participation of the community, the formulated policy will touch more on the real issue and not harm the public interest.

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Oliychenko, Igor, e Maryna Ditkovska. "FEATURES OF INTER-BUDGETARY RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN UKRAINE". PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT, n. 2(26) (2021): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2021-2(26)-154-163.

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The article examines the features of inter-budgetary relations in the context of decentralization of power as an important tool for the formation of local budgets and their effective implementation with limited financial resources. The authors considered the factors influencing the decentralization process such as the taxation system, transfer policy, giving greater powers to local governments in developing programs of socio-economic development and analyzed the sources of financial resources of the region, problems of their formation and use, revenues and expenditures last years. Decentralization reform has made it possible to increase the revenue side of local budgets and strengthen the financial and resource base of the regions, improve the use of intergovernmental transfers and diversify their sources. The study revealed the main problems of formation and use of financial resources of the region. These include inconsistencies in the movement of financial resources, tax pressure, various goals of economic entities and public authorities, low level of financial literacy of local government officials, inconsistencies in budget legislation, and lack of an effective mechanism for redistribution of state revenues. Among the ways to conduct budget decentralization and ensure the effectiveness of inter-budgetary relations, based on expanding the rights of local governments, strengthening their budgetary independence and responsibility, it is proposed to provide local authorities with opportunities for budgeting, redistribution of financial resources between public authorities, clear definition of local government and united territorial communities, application of modern methods of socialplanning, mechanisms of interaction of public authorities, enterprises, the attraction of investment resources through the development of local funds of regional development, granting to investors advantages, support of cooperation and interaction of enterprises, reduction of expenses for maintenance of public authorities, expansion sources of revenue to local budgets. The processes of fiscal decentralization must be constantly improved by overcoming the contradictions that arise in intergovernmental relations and modernizing the main institutions of the budget system.

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Manevich, V. "Portfolio Choice in the Russian Economy and Monetary Authorities Policy in 2007-2009". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n. 3 (20 marzo 2010): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-3-24-38.

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The paper examines the composition and structure of private sector demand for alternative assets: real capital, high power money, government obligations. The private sector assets demand is limited by its resources: savings, foreign and domestic borrowing, and reshuffling of previously accumulated assets. The government assets demand in the Russian economy is a passive reflection of the private sector assets demand. This fact distorts the monetary policy, causes ineffective using of development resources. The government assets demand and its supply of financial assets to the private sector must play an active role, enlarging and correcting the private sector assets demand. The control over trans-border capital movement is the necessary condition for that end.

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Rachmadi, Triyo, e Resti Agustina. "Local Government Policy In Distribution Of Healthcare Workforce During The Covid-19 Pandemic (Kebumen Regency)". Prophetic Law Review 4, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2022): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/plr.vol4.iss2.art1.

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The main responsibility of the Indonesian government is to protect its citizens, including in the healthcare sector. However, the Government of Kebumen Regency has not fully implemented the responsibility. The research questions are (1) what were the policies of the local government of Kebumen Regency concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic? (2) How do legal theories address any issues related to the local government policies concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic? This was a qualitative descriptive study which used a sociological or empirical non-doctrinal method. The study was carried out in Kebumen Regency and the sources consisted of the Head of the Healthcare Agency, one human resource analyst, and one healthcare worker. This study operated under various theories, including Aristotelian political ethics and the will to power by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. This study found that the regent of Kebumen Regency had not demonstrated concern in distributing healthcare workforce to healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The policy issued by the government of Kebumen Regency concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce is considered inappropriate. The political ethics theory shows that local government could issue policies concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce regardless of the existing needs for healthcare human resources. The will to power theory shows that local government policies can be considered as either appropriate or inappropriate policy.

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Winters, Matthew S., e Matthew Cawvey. "Governance Obstacles to Geothermal Energy Development in Indonesia". Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 34, n. 1 (aprile 2015): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341503400102.

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Despite having 40 per cent of the world's potential for geothermal power production, Indonesia exploits less than five per cent of its own geothermal resources. We explore the reasons behind this lagging development of geothermal power and highlight four obstacles: (1) delays caused by the suboptimal decentralisation of permitting procedures to local governments that have few incentives to support geothermal exploitation; (2) rent-seeking behaviour originating in the point-source nature of geothermal resources; (3) the opacity of central government decision making; and (4) a historically deleterious national fuel subsidy policy that disincentivised geothermal investment. We situate our arguments against the existing literature and three shadow case studies from other Pacific countries that have substantial geothermal resources. We conclude by arguing for a more centralised geothermal governance structure.

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Tung, Phuong Huu. "Policy for high quality human resources in the public sector in the trend of administrative integration and service in Vietnam". Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) 14, n. 6 (9 giugno 2023): 9166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i6.2286.

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High-quality human resources have an important role to dominate other resources and play a decisive role in socio-economic development. In the context that the fourth industrial revolution is taking place strongly, the building and development of high-quality human resources, meeting the requirements of the cause of accelerating industrialization and modernization of the country and socialization, is essential. International entry is now becoming more and more urgent. In order to concretize the Party’s guidelines, human resource development policies in general and high-quality human resource development policies in particular have been completed, contributing to the development of human resources in both quantity and quality, gradually meeting the increasing human demand of the economy. The article is designed to perfect the policy of high-quality human resources in the context of administrative reform in the direction of Government integrity, service and international economic integration.

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Wang, Yun Shan, Shi Jing Wang, Yuan Yu e Juan Ping Li. "Inner Mongolia Wind Power Development Mode and Policy Discussion". Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (dicembre 2012): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1369.

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Wind power generation has made great development in China in recent years. The paper researches on development course of wind power in Inner Mongolia region, where wind power resources is richest in China and the installed capacity of wind power is largest, and proposes the suggestions of the related development mode and policy. China wind power represented by Inner Mongolia has just experienced rapid growth. The rapid growth of the scale also brings some problems. China government shall refer to development mode and current situation of the countries with a higher development degree of wind power, consider the specific situation of China, timely adjust development mode of wind power, and improve wind power planning and related policies to guide China wind power to continue fast healthy development. Thus, improve the utilization level and sustainable development ability of renewable energy in China.

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Midtgarden, Torjus. "Dewey’s Conceptualization of the Public as Polity Contextualized: The Struggle for Democratic Control over Natural Resources and Technology". Contemporary Pragmatism 16, n. 1 (22 febbraio 2019): 104–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-0161122.

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This article explores John Dewey’s conceptualization of the public as polity in his lecture notes from 1928. Dewey’s conceptualization suggests an account of the democratic legitimacy of public regulation of economic activities by focusing on polity members’ mutual interest. Contextualized through Dewey’s involvement in practical politics the article specifies the conceptualization by a policy focus on natural resources and technology, and explores and discusses it through two issues for democratic control over policy development: centralization of power in federal government; and the failure to understand, predict and control consequences of technology. Finally, exploring its relevance in a context of economic globalization the article rearticulates the conceptualization in terms of transnational relations and solidarities, using the transnational peasant organization La Via Campesina as an example.

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Soebagio, Atmonobudi, e Bambang Widodo. "Government Policy to Encourage Customers to Support Development of Renewable Energy in Indonesia – A Proposal." International Journal of Smart Grid and Sustainable Energy Technologies 1, n. 1 (17 dicembre 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/ijsgset.v1i1.187.

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Indonesia is blessed with abundant renewable energy resources. Nevertheless, they have only been used to cover about 5% of the total national energy demand. To optimize their utilization, the government has to make and implement a policy that will encourage PLN costumers to help increase their on-grid power supply capacity. This policy will provide benefits for islands that are already equipped with PLN power grids. This paper uses Solar Power Plants and household costumers as models to calculate potential on-grid power increase which can be contributed by PLN costumers. A two-way power meter is used to replace the currently used one. This model will be applied to the conventional grid to demonstrate the compatibility that show how it is applicable even without upgrading the conventional grid to become smart grid system. The result shows that customers can participate significantly through the flow of their excess energy to grid.

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Kim, Hee-Min. "A Spatial Analysis of Policy Stability in Western Democracies, I: A Society-Centered Model with Applications to Spain and Sweden". International Area Review 3, n. 1 (giugno 2000): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590000300104.

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In this article, I suggest a new typology for the stability of a political system, differentiating policy stability from government stability. I argue that it is when a system is policy-stable that we expect to see a stable and efficacious government. Even when a government change occurs, the policy preferences of the new government are likely to be similar to those of the previous one and we don't expect to see radical policy changes. I go on to show the conditions of policy stability by building a formal model of coalition formation among social groups, assuming a society is made up of social groups with distinctive policy preferences. I show political and social conditions under which stability is likely by studying power distributions among the social groups and the preferences they have over politically salient issues under which a certain set of policies can be stably implemented. In the first part of this article, the government is assumed to have no direct control over societal resources. In the second part, I examine an alternative model in which the government holds direct control over societal resources of its own. I apply the model developed here to the examples of Spain and Sweden throughout this article.

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SNIDER, LEWIS W. "Identifying the Elements of State Power". Comparative Political Studies 20, n. 3 (ottobre 1987): 314–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414087020003003.

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Many measures of state power are defined in terms of the material capabilities of states, but ignore important differentials in the state's capacity to convert material resources into political power. This paper presents a theoretical rationale for a measure of government performance that takes into account differentials in a political system's susceptibility to external shocks from the global environment and its ability to respond to these through domestic policy adjustment. This approach differs from other empirical definitions of power in that it taps a government's strength with respect to its own society and to the international environment. The paper's main contribution is to describe and to operationalize a way of evaluating state power with respect to both the global environment and to society, based on the twin functions of penetration and extraction.

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Adam, James Natia, Timothy Adams, Jean-David Gerber e Tobias Haller. "Decentralization for Increased Sustainability in Natural Resource Management? Two Cautionary Cases from Ghana". Sustainability 13, n. 12 (18 giugno 2021): 6885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126885.

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In Sub-Saharan African countries, governments are increasingly devolving natural resource management from central administration to the local government level as a trend toward subsidiarity. In parallel, efforts to implement formalization processes have resulted in a puzzling institutional arena, wherein mixed actors are struggling to influence the paths of institutional change and the associated distribution of land and land-related resources. Relying on political ecology and new institutionalism in social anthropology, we investigate how the decentralization of formalization of rights in artisanal and small-scale gold mining can lead to paradoxical outcomes, often negatively impacting social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Two comparative case studies are performed in Ghana. Our results show that the negative effects of formalization efforts for resource end users are to be understood in the broad context of actors’ repositioning strategies following the selective implementation of decentralization. The authors conclude that increasing the power of the central government and line ministries to control local resources can influence the disenfranchisement of local people’s participation and control of natural resources, resulting in a relentless environmental crisis.

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Lee, Munjae, Kichan Yoon e Kyu-Sung Lee. "Social Network Analysis in the Legislative Process in the Korean Medical Device Industry". INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 55 (gennaio 2018): 004695801879185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958018791858.

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This study analyzes the legislation process of the Korean government regarding the development of the medical device industry in the perspective of the issue network. It also aims to identify the difference in network structure between conservative and progressive governments and analyze major issues and stakeholders. It examines the network structure in the legislation process of the government to develop and support the medical device industry through social network analysis (SNA). This study conducted a policy network structure analysis of the conservative and progressive governments. SNA was used for the structure analysis, using the contents of newspaper articles as the baseline data related to the medical device industry. We analyze using the 2-mode network analysis that the node centrality is determined by eigenvector centrality. The more nodes with great power (stakeholders, information, resources) it is linked to, the greater power centrality (eigenvector centrality) it will have, which indicates that it has great influence within the network. The conservative government discussed the promotion of the medical device industry led by government departments, focusing on its potential as a future growth engine. On the contrary, the progressive government tended to have fewer stakeholders and issues around the idea, shifting the stakeholders that lead the promotion of the industry from government departments to relevant interest groups, and focusing more on policy issues like transparency than on economic issues. We identify implications to legislate the relevant act by analyzing the relevant stakeholders and issues around legislation, while reinforcing the competitiveness of Korea’s medical device industry in the larger global framework. We believe that this study would comprehensively addresses the pros and cons of the government-led promotion of the medical device industry in Korea, as well as the key issues for stakeholders, which can be applicable to many other societies.

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McQuarrie, Fiona A. E., Alex Kondra e Kai Lamertz. "The impact of government's coercive power on the perceived legitimacy of Canadian post-secondary institutions". Canadian Journal of Higher Education 43, n. 2 (31 agosto 2013): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v43i2.2571.

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Abstract (sommario):

Governments regulate and control organizations, yet their role in determining organizational legitimacy is largely unexamined. In the changing Canadian post-secondary landscape, legitimacy is an increasingly important issue for post-secondary institutions as they compete amongst themselves for access to ever-shrinking resources. Using an institutional theory framework, we analyze two examples of government policy and legislation relating to the organizational legitimacy of Canadian post-secondary institutions. Based on this analysis, we suggest a more nuanced understanding of the effects of government’s coercive power on organizational legitimacy.

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Uddin, Riaz, Abdurrahman Javid Shaikh, Hashim Raza Khan, Muhammad Ayaz Shirazi, Athar Rashid e Saad Ahmed Qazi. "Renewable Energy Perspectives of Pakistan and Turkey: Current Analysis and Policy Recommendations". Sustainability 13, n. 6 (18 marzo 2021): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063349.

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Abstract (sommario):

To a great extent, Pakistan and Turkey rely on imported fossil fuels to meet their energy demands. Pakistan is moving in the right direction, placing focus on renewable energy resources in its current infrastructure in order to address the energy shortage. Several projects (e.g., wind power and solar PV (photovoltaic) technologies) are operational or under development; they are intended to reduce energy challenges in Pakistan. The new government in Pakistan aims to increase the share of renewable energy in total power generation to 30% by 2030. On the other hand, Turkey surpasses Pakistan in renewable energy resources; for example, there are 186 operational wind energy power plants across the country. In addition, Turkey utilizes solar energy—mainly for residential usage. Turkey’s Vision 2023 energy agenda aims to supply 30% of their power demands from modern renewable energy resources. Turkey has implemented solar PV, solar buildings, wind power plants, geothermal energy resources, and biomass technology for heating, cooling and electricity generation. At present, Turkey’s supply to meet energy demands in the country is 56% fossil fuel energy resources and 44% renewable energy, including hydropower. Accessible details reveal that geothermal energy resources have been continuously neglected in Pakistan by the Ministry of Energy (power division); this is in contrast to the Turkish case, in which utilization of geothermal energy resources for heating and cooling purposes is efficient. With all the facts and figures under consideration, in this paper, comparative analyses are performed which reveal that the production of electricity from geothermal energy technologies is lower than the massive potential in both countries. Recommendations are made for important policies to promote renewable energy technologies, which could effectively support energy decentralization by providing electricity to rural areas and the national grid.

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Xie, Lei. "Dilemmatic Resource Governance: China’s Balancing Act to Share Rivers". China and the World 02, n. 01 (marzo 2019): 1950004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729319500044.

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Abstract (sommario):

China itself is vulnerable to environmental threats. With its sheer size and population, China faces immense potential threats from global warming and uneven access to natural resources. At the same time, the legitimacy of the central government heavily relies on the country’s economic performance which in turn relies on the exploitation of natural resources. China is faced with growing pressure as to how it effectively manages natural resources on an international scale. This paper examines a dilemmatic situation that great powers are faced with the participation in international environmental cooperation. The formation of multi-lateral environmental agreements requires that nation states comply with environmental responsibilities when exercising sovereign rights over environmental resources. Great powers confront more pressure as they are expected to commit to greater responsibilities in international affairs. Adopting the sharing of the Mekong river basin as a case study, this paper examines the role China plays as a great power when exercising its right to appropriate natural resources. Changes are found in China’s international water policy including the establishment of the multi-lateral mechanism. This paper concludes that China’s policy developments in resource governance facilitate China to promote coordinated actions over the shared water resources. At the same time, such balancing acts serve to legitimize China’s dominance over the management of the Mekong river basin, which is embedded in the country’s Belt and Road Strategy.

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Liu, Hong Bin, Yong Sheng Shi, Lei Zhang e Ming Qiu. "Present Situation of Exploitation and Utilization of Geothermal Resources in China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (marzo 2014): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.911.

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Abstract (sommario):

Geothermal energy provides the renewable energy sector with an opportunity to produce base load power, whilst meeting current government objectives of many countries in relation to greenhouse gas emission and renewable energy portfolio standards. The utilization of geothermal power develops well in many developed countries, such as America, Japan, France, Italy, Iceland, etc. But it is still at an early stage in China. The development of alternative energy such as geothermal energy is as a basic national policy. It is also an important issue for China how to make good use of geothermal resource currently. In this paper, according to the distribution, we introduce the development and utilization of Chinese geothermal resources.

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Yared Hailemariam. "Legislative Power over Mineral Resources in the Ethiopian Federation: Legal and Practical Challenges". Mizan Law Review 18, n. 1 (30 marzo 2024): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v18i1.4.

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The assignment of legislative power over mineral resources is a highly contentious issue in federal constitutional design. This article aims to shed light on this issue by examining the assignment and exercise of legislative powers over mineral resources in the Ethiopian Federation. A qualitative research approach was used which included analysis of laws, examining documents and in-depth interviews. The legal framework, policy documents, and decisions of government officials relating to legislative authority over mineral resources were scrutinized. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with key stakeholders involved in the matter to gain an understanding of the actual challenges and difficulties associated with the exercise of this power. An integrated data analysis approach is used. According to the analysis, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia lacks clarity regarding legislative power over mineral resources. The study also reveals significant gaps in the institutional and legal frameworks governing the exercise of legislative power over mineral resources. These gaps have also resulted in the development of a legal framework that contradicts the principles laid out in the Constitution. The findings highlight the need to address the legal and practical challenges within the Ethiopian Federation.

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Liu, Dun Nan, Qing Qi Chen, Chao Chun Luo, Xiang Qi Li e Qiang Wang. "Power Purchase Optimization Model Based on the External Cost of Power Generation". Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (dicembre 2014): 1468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1468.

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Abstract (sommario):

With a significant crisis of energy and environment, low-carbon and clean power resources have gotten strong support from the government. As wind power, solar power and other new energies develop rapidly, the social and economic benefits become increasingly apparent. A new power purchase optimization model is applied in this paper that takes external cost of power generation into account, translates the external cost into economic cost and then analyzes the optimal power purchase policy. In the end, based on the power purchase data of a provincial grid in 2013, this paper studies the optimal power purchase order to prove the feasibility of the optimization model.

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Sommeng, Andy Noorsaman, e Chrisnawan Anditya. "Boosting renewable power generation in Indonesia electricity sector: a policy action by the government". E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702060.

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Abstract (sommario):

Indonesia is committed to reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) by 29% against Business as Usual (BAU) projections in 2030 with its own efforts and 41% with international assistance as part of the Paris Agreement. In the management and utilization of electricity, the development of renewable energy (RE) power generation in Indonesia is carried out while taking into account the balance with other aspects, namely Energy Security, Energy Equity, and Energy Sustainability or called as Energy Trilemma. In accordance with PLN’s Electricity Supply and Demand Business Plan (RUPTL) 2018-2027 that has been approved by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, the total capacity of RE power generation to be built up to 2025 is about of 14.3 GW consists of geothermal power generation (PLTP) of 4.6 GW; hydro power generation (including mini-hydro and pump storage): 7.7 GW; solar power generation (PLTS): 1.0 GW; wind power generation (PLTB): 0.6 GW; and biomass/waste power generation (PLTBm/PLTSa): 0.4 GW. The RE power generation to be developed is still dominated by "Non-Intermittent" RE power generation (89%). While the "Intermittent" RE power generation that will be developed is still relatively small, which is only about 11%. This is due to challenges in its development, namely PLN is the only "Off-Taker" in the electricity business, and not all RE power generation can be accepted by the electricity system. As an effort to improve the development of RE power generation, the policy actions that have been or will be implemented by the government are 1) Development of RE power generation should be consider the balancing between "supply and demand" and the readiness of the electricity system to tapping the RE power generation at the most competitive costs; 2) Development of Distributed Generation or Micro-Grid; 3) Revision of the Grid Code to accommodate the Intermittent RE power generator; 4) Development of Smart-Grid; and 5) Acceleration of the Electric Vehicle Program.

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Gains, Francesca. "Executive Agencies in Government: The Impact of Bureaucratic Networks on Policy Outcomes". Journal of Public Policy 23, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x03003039.

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Abstract (sommario):

The creation of agencies is a growing feature of contemporary governance yet key questions about agency autonomy and their influence on policy making remain unanswered. This article operationalises a policy network approach to explore the impact of agentification in three British government departments. It argues that the transfer of resources from departments to agencies created differing power-dependent networks between minister, department and agency. The networks have had both intended and unintended impacts on policy outcomes. Agencies have input to policymaking, the network's level of integration affects how well policies are delivered, networks have developed policy preferences and acted to impede further institutional change. These findings assist in understanding the nature of agencies' autonomy, the diversity of their impact on the policy process, and provide insights for other forms of alternative service delivery.

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Hunter, Wendy, e Timothy J. Power. "Rewarding Lula: Executive Power, Social Policy, and the Brazilian Elections of 2006". Latin American Politics and Society 49, n. 1 (2007): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2007.tb00372.x.

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AbstractThis article analyzes Luiz Inácio da Silva's resounding reelection victory in the wake of corruption scandals implicating his party and government. Voters with lower levels of economic security and schooling played a critical role in returning Lula to the presidency. Least prone to punish the president for corruption, poorer Brazilians were also the most readily persuaded by the provision of material benefits. Minimum wage increases and the income transfer program Bolsa Família expanded the purchasing power of the poor. Thus, executive power and central state resources allowed Lula to consolidate a social base that had responded only weakly to his earlier, party-based strategy of grassroots mobilization for progressive macrosocietal change. Although Lula won handily, the PT's delegation to Congress shrank for the first time, and the voting bases of president and party diverged. The PT benefited far less than the president himself from government investment in social policy.

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Kim, Myong-Jun, e Hyo-Jin Kim. "The Problems and Improvement Plans for the Real Estate-related Local Tax Systems". National Association of Korean Local Government Studies 24, n. 3 (30 novembre 2022): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38134/klgr.2022.24.3.053.

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Abstract (sommario):

A local tax system is established as a taxation system that takes into account the price function for local government work and public services and the revitalization of the local economy. To strengthen the financial independence of local governments, there is a need to expand the fiscal decentralization and the size of local governments' own financial resources. The tax revenue from local government finances is composed mainly of local taxes, local nontax revenue, state subsidies, local grants, and local grant tax and other income. Much of the local tax is centered on property transaction tax, thereby being characterized by being closely related to the real estate business. A flow of real estate taxation imposes a heavy tax on multiple homeowners, thereby leading to pressuring selling as a measure to prevent a price from rising due to the lack of supply. This tax policy is functioning as a means of stabilizing the property prices and transactions by regulating real estate speculation, not the financing method that is the original purpose of the tax. Owing to a difference in economic conditions between regions, the inequality of local government's fiscal power poses another level of a problem. The problem of income disparity between regions makes it a rule to be dealt with at the level of national redistribution policy with the support from the central government. However, the income gap between regions can be resolved through the industrial policy or the balanced national development.

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Fathy El Dessouky, Naglaa. "Pragmatic model for sustainable energy policy: Networking between the government and key players in Bahrain". Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, n. 1 (26 marzo 2021): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.33.

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Abstract (sommario):

To fill the current literature gap, this paper strives to empirically determine the networking process between the government of Bahrain and the key players in the formulation and implementation of sustainable energy policy. The literature review divulges that policy network approach represents a useful tool for the analysis of public policy, since this approach permits a thorough explanation of the interaction between the network’s members. A questionnaire was distributed to key decision-makers involved in the elaboration of sustainable energy policy in Bahrain. The results of this paper revealed that the government of Bahrain has adopted successful policies of sustainable energy in reaching the intended results. Nevertheless, the current structure of networking might be described as a “Clientelist Network”. This paper proposed a pragmatic model for sustainable energy policy to reinforce the networking process between the government and the key players into a rational approach of “Pluralistic networks”. In this network, formal associations have to be established to embrace the industry, energy and environmental sectors. Accordingly, this type of networking will ensure direct and strong frequent ties. Also, this pluralistic network will provide further comparative advantages in terms of the power of control over resources and the flow of information among all key actors.

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Rehman, Muhammad, e Shahid Habib. "Power Generation Policies, Governance Mechanism and Utilization of Indigenous Resources: A Case of Pakistan". Journal of Policy Research 9, n. 3 (30 settembre 2023): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/02.00112.

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Abstract (sommario):

Energy has been playing a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country. Pakistan’s energy security holds paramount importance as it is essential for enhancing socio-economic development. Pakistan is currently facing a rising electricity demand and contending with a substantial deficit in natural gas supply. Most of the power generation plants in Pakistan are thermal and generate electricity from oil and gas. Pakistan is not an oil-producing country and natural gas reserves will be died out after 12 years. Under the Power Generation Policy 2015, most of the plants generate electricity from imported coal instead of utilization of national indigenous reserves i.e. local coal. Under the PGP 2015, all the power plants operated under the PPP model known as (BOO). Over the last three decades Government of Pakistan has announced seven energy policies to attract the foreign investors in the power generation sector that have led to acute governance, admirative and implementation problems in the energy sector. This study explores the intricate relationship between energy security, energy crises, demand and supply, and renewable potential in Pakistan. Using qualitative analysis, it addresses the ongoing energy crises and proposes the development of national indigenous resources, presenting a policy framework to achieve power generation goals. The energy status in Pakistan, including supply and demand aspects, is discussed, along with major challenges such as electricity theft and circular debt annually. By considering various approaches, the study identifies key challenges for policy development and implications to create a comprehensive policy framework, incorporating domestic energy resources, policy actors, criteria, and tools. This study highlights Pakistan’s significant non-renewable energy potential, advocating for tapping into domestic resources, optimizing energy planning, and policy development to ensure a secure and sustainable energy future for the nation, promoting prosperity and progress.

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Epikhina, Raisa A. "Industrial Policy in the Electric Power Sector as Part of China’s Global Leadership Strategy". RUDN Journal of Political Science 23, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2021): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-2-243-253.

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Abstract (sommario):

Chinas growing economic power led to the rise of its geopolitical ambitions in the 21st century, and Chinas industrial policy has long been an important tool for implementing its global leadership strategy. Yet, how effective is the visible hand of the state? This paper examines the positive and negative effects of industrial policy implementation in Chinas electricity sector based on the analysis of policy documents, statistics, and academic publications. This study finds that together with energy policy measures industrial policy has been quite successful in promoting RD activities and production of high-tech power equipment. It gave China an opportunity to increase the share of clean energy sources in the power generation mix. Besides, Chinese power companies gradually became global leaders in the electricity sector. At the same time, the implementation of industrial policies has led to the over-expenditure of resources and is characterized by problems of horizontal and vertical coordination between the three main players in the policy-making and implementation system: the central government, local authorities, and large state-owned companies. The development of the electric power sector and related industries is managed by a large group of ministries and departments of the central government. Moreover, the heads of several energy companies have the power and influence equivalent to that of a minister, and there were divergences of priorities of central and local authorities at the regional level.

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Serohina, Svitlana H., Iryna I. Bodrova e Maryna O. Petryshyna. "Municipal policy as a priority area of legal policy in the context of reforming the territorial organisation of power and European integration of Ukraine". Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, n. 3 (17 settembre 2021): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.129-143.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present study investigates the problems of development and implementation of municipal policy in Ukraine. It was found that the essence of municipal policy of Ukraine, given the ongoing decentralisation reform, is that it is a relatively stable, organised, purposeful activity of public authorities and local governments, which aims to build a capable local government, adequate to the needs and interests of territorial communities. The study describes the elemental composition of municipal policy. The authors of this study established that its elemental composition includes: the concept of system-structural and organisational-functional organisation and activities of local authorities at different levels of administrative-territorial organisation; a coordinated system of regulations that govern the organisation and activity of local bodies of state executive power and local self-government, establish the scope and limits of their competence, determine the features of interaction and the procedure for resolving disputes between them; regulatory basis of resource provision of local self-government; legislative definition of a body or official in the structure of state executive bodies, which represents the interests of the state in the corresponding territory, has the right to exercise control powers, and constitutes a link between the territorial community, local governments and the system of state executive bodies; formally defined decision-making algorithm on issues relating to local self-government; system of monitoring the national municipal policy. The authors also identified the main blocks of issues under study, which require further use of a comprehensive scientific approach to their legislative solution

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Serohina, Svitlana H., Iryna I. Bodrova e Maryna O. Petryshyna. "Municipal policy as a priority area of legal policy in the context of reforming the territorial organisation of power and European integration of Ukraine". Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, n. 3 (17 settembre 2021): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.129-143.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The present study investigates the problems of development and implementation of municipal policy in Ukraine. It was found that the essence of municipal policy of Ukraine, given the ongoing decentralisation reform, is that it is a relatively stable, organised, purposeful activity of public authorities and local governments, which aims to build a capable local government, adequate to the needs and interests of territorial communities. The study describes the elemental composition of municipal policy. The authors of this study established that its elemental composition includes: the concept of system-structural and organisational-functional organisation and activities of local authorities at different levels of administrative-territorial organisation; a coordinated system of regulations that govern the organisation and activity of local bodies of state executive power and local self-government, establish the scope and limits of their competence, determine the features of interaction and the procedure for resolving disputes between them; regulatory basis of resource provision of local self-government; legislative definition of a body or official in the structure of state executive bodies, which represents the interests of the state in the corresponding territory, has the right to exercise control powers, and constitutes a link between the territorial community, local governments and the system of state executive bodies; formally defined decision-making algorithm on issues relating to local self-government; system of monitoring the national municipal policy. The authors also identified the main blocks of issues under study, which require further use of a comprehensive scientific approach to their legislative solution

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40

Madaliev, Mukhtarbek Misirovich, Asel Bilanovna Bilanova, Nurzat Mukambetovna Namatbekova, Nurlan Akimbekovich Nuraliev e Asel Amankhankyzy Alim. "The role of state institutions of Kyrgyzstan in the formation of water resources management policy". BIO Web of Conferences 107 (2024): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410704001.

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Abstract (sommario):

This article explores the importance of the activities of government agencies in the development and implementation of water resources management strategies. Analyzing the functions and powers of government institutions, the authors discuss their influence on the formation of legislation, the development of water resources management strategies and monitoring their implementation. The article also examines current problems and challenges faced by government institutions in this area, and also suggests ways to solve them to ensure sustainable management of water resources in Kyrgyzstan. Particular attention is paid to the role of government institutions in regulating access to water resources, as well as in developing strategies to ensure sustainable use of water resources in a changing climate. The results of the study may be useful for forming recommendations for improving water resources management policies in Kyrgyzstan.

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Nurkholis, Nurkholis, e Bambang P. S. Brodjonegoro. "Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Perekonomian Antar Daerah : Analisa Model IRIO". Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 3, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2003): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v3i2.28.

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Abstract (sommario):

Regional autonomy program is the form of fiscal decentralization policy in Indonesia, legally started with the law of Regional Government No.22/1999 about de-concentration azas, which imply power or authority sharing and No.25/1999 about decentralization, which imply financial sharing between central and regional government. Financial sharing is tax and natural resources sharing revenue. This financial sharing type can widen fiscal gap between regions. As the solution, the central government gives block grants. Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) model can be used to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization policy on sectoral and regional linkages, multipliers, growth, equalization, and efficiency of the regional economy. The analysis use shock variables of inter-governmental transfer including tax sharing revenue, natural resources revenue and block grants. They are treated as an exogenous variable package by regional government expenditure. The expenditures are in the form of investment and consumption based on IRIO model to analyze the optimality of policy variation. The analysis shows that the optimality of growth, equalization, and economic efficiency will be reached if the allocation of inter-governmental transfer is exactly the same as the potency and linkages between sectors and regions. We find the current formulation of intergovernmental transfer by central government, potent to increase regional disparity. Central government should reformulate division of inter-governmental transfer to avoid fiscal decentralization to be contra productive policy.

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Antić, Dinka. "Fiscal Coordinationasthe Key Issue for Functioning Fiscal Federalisam in Multi-Level Countries / Fiskalna koordincija kao ključni faktor funkcioniranja fiskalnog federalizma u složenim državama". Годишњак факултета правних наука - АПЕИРОН 4, n. 4 (30 luglio 2014): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/gfp1404168a.

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Abstract (sommario):

According to theory of fiscal federalism the optimum efficiency of the government sector can be ensured only by balancing the degree of centralization and decentralization of fiscal responsibilities between the central and local governments, where a fair distribution of income and economic stability can be provided by the central government, and the efficient use of resources by the local governments. Comparative analysis of the effects of the fiscal decentralization process in the world showed that a different balance of power between central and local governments can threaten the macroeconomic stability of complex countries. In conditions of week central government and strong regional governments, which is the case in Bosnia and Herzegovina, fiscal coordination between governments becomes a critical issue of functioning fiscal federalism in complex countries. Theoreticians of the new theory of fiscal federalism, called ‘a second generation theory’, believe that it is necessary to establish an institutional structure that will ensure smooth functioning of fiscal federalism. In that sense fiscal coordination between levels of government is seen as a key tool for running prudent fiscal management in complex countries that can bring the fiscal policy of middle levels of government in line with national fiscal goals.

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Rabiei, Kamran. "Social Policy Under Sociopolitical Changes in the Post-revolutionary Iran, 1979–2013". Contemporary Review of the Middle East 6, n. 1 (6 gennaio 2019): 16–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798918812264.

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Abstract (sommario):

The dialectic relation between sociocultural changes and political developments in the post-revolutionary Iran is discussed in the article which shows how the social policy of the governments has changed under this relation. The 1979 Islamic Revolution brought about a wave of tendency toward a specific discourse that can be called “downtrodden discourse” wherein the poor and deprived are the center of attention, and the resources of society are mainly mobilized in the direction of improving their economic and social conditions. Furthermore, the eight-year Iran–Iraq War (1980—1988) strengthened this discourse, and the new political system relied on the lower class of the society to push the war forward, stabilize the foundations of its power, and solidify its ideology. After the war, Iran had three governments with three different approaches toward social policy. During the era of Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989–1997), no special attention was paid to social policy since economic growth and development was the focus of the government activity. Under Mohammed Khatami (1997–2005), special attention was paid to comprehensive social policy, but due to internal political and social tensions, his government failed to implement its codified social policy. Although Ahmadinejad (2005–2013) intended to pay special attention to social policy, the actions taken by his government not only failed to reduce poverty but they also pushed the significant part of the middle class below the poverty line.

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Fosli, Jin Kathrine, A. Amarender Reddy e Radhika Rani. "The Policy of Free Electricity to Agriculture Sector: Implications and Perspectives of the Stakeholders in India". Journal of Development Policy and Practice 6, n. 2 (luglio 2021): 252–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24551333211025203.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Indian central government is pursuing state governments to replace free power supply to agriculture with the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT). This article examined the free power policy from the perspective of various stakeholders and suggested alternate policies based on a field survey in the state of united Andhra Pradesh (AP), India, in the year 2018. The team interviewed all stakeholders: farmers, economists, policy experts, power distribution companies and administrators. The study team also visited four villages in AP and conducted focus group discussions with farmers to record their perceptions and alternative policy choices. The opinions are substantiated and cross-checked with the published sources. Free electricity for agriculture is seen as a lifeline in drought-prone areas as it helped them to expand the area under irrigation and increase incomes. However, many experienced huge capital expenditures in drilling-failed borewells. Other stakeholders opine that free power leads to overexploitation of groundwater, lowering groundwater levels, rising cost of drilling deep and piling up of power subsidies, and expanding water-guzzling crops like paddy even in water scarce areas, failure of borewells leading to farmer’s distress. The study suggests that replacing free power with DBT to farmers will help them maintain their incomes without overexploiting water resources.

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Ebim, Matthew Abua, Eno Grace Nta e Okune Sunday Tasen. "Power relations in the deployment of linguistic resources by world leaders during the Russian-Ukrainian war". Journal of Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies 2, n. 2 (28 aprile 2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/jllls.v2i2.192.

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Abstract (sommario):

On the 24th of February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a war that has drawn widespread condemnations, criticisms, and reactions from world leaders. While an infinitesimal figure has spoken in support of the invasion, most world leaders have outrightly condemned the action of the Russian government led by Vladimir Putin who in the process of justifying his actions, claims that the reason for the invasion was to “de-nazify” the Ukrainian government policies. Ironically, Putin himself is a product of Nazism, a system of government that he strongly supported in his prime. Moreso, in the days of the USSR, the Russian government had been accused of the same offense the Russian government is accusing Ukraine of. Therefore, this is a clear case of linguistic labeling embellished in the exercise of power as a justification for the activity carried out by a more superior force. The theoretical framework of CDA was adopted in this study because it focuses squarely on the projection of ideology and the intersection of power play in any form of discourse. It also brings out indices of hidden meanings in texts and tries to proffer solutions to societal problems from the perspective of language use. The study reveals cases of polarization, ideological projection, the deployment of linguistic resources in form of labeling to justify the actions of Putin over the Ukrainians. There is also the deliberate attempt to “annex” or “conquer” the less powerful using application of force through the policy of “imposition”.

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46

Volchenko, M. "SUBJECTS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION WHICH PERFORM ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION IN THE SPHERE OF THE ANIMAL WORLD". Scientific Notes Series Law 1, n. 13 (marzo 2023): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2022-13-103-108.

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This article discloses the system of subjects of public administration that carry out administrative and legal regulation in the field of the animal world. The author determined that the subjects of legal regulation in the field of the animal world are a system of state and non-state bodies that are endowed with state-authority powers (or such powers are delegated to them) and are authorized to apply organizational, economic, and legal measures for the protection, use, and restoration of the animal world . State management and regulation in the field of protection, use and reproduction of the animal world is carried out by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, local state administrations, authorized central executive bodies in the field of protection, use and reproduction of the animal world, which include the central body of executive power that ensures the formation of state policy in the field of environmental protection, the central body of executive power that implements state policy in the field of environmental protection, the central body of executive power that implements state policy in the field of state supervision ( control) in the field of environmental protection, rational use, reproduction and protection of natural resources, the central body of executive power implementing state policy in the field of forestry and hunting, the central body of educational authorities implementing state policy in the field of fisheries, other authorized bodies of executive power in accordance with their powers and local self-government bodies. The largest number of subjects of legal regulation of the animal world belongs to the bodies of the executive power: the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine; State Environmental Inspection of Ukraine; State Agency of Fisheries of Ukraine, State Agency of Forestry of Ukraine, State Agency of Ecological Investments of Ukraine.

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47

Kapilima, Vivian Christopher. "The Impact of Power and Power Relationships in the Public Policy Formulation Process: A Case Study of the Formulation Process of 2014 Tanzania’s Education and Training Policy". Open Political Science 3, n. 1 (1 settembre 2020): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2020-0020.

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AbstractPower struggle among stakeholders in public policy formulation process is a common phenomenon in a state informed by democratic politics. The extent of its gravity could have positive or negative implication in policy legitimacy, ownership, and implementation processes. The formulation process of Tanzania’s Education and Training Policy (ETP) of 2014 saw a substantial varied set of competing stakeholders. Each set of actors exerted a different amount of power, which subsequently impacted the policy process. Empirical data revealed that the process was dominated by government officials and few prominent as well as powerful Community-Based Organizations. Recommendations from such categories of stakeholders were likely to be included in the policy document, unlike those from the powerless, non-famous, and ordinary citizens. Besides, scarcity of resources and persuasion through arguments, which enter the category of politics of policy making process, coupled with opposing values and interests of policy actors were the main factors that determined powers over decision making. Therefore, this article suggests that a big enough budget should be provided to the entire policy formulation process, and a need to put, in place, effective power balancing mechanisms with a view to widen and deepen the level of stakeholders’ participation in policy formulation process.

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KALETNIK, Grygorii, e Tetiana YEMCHYK. "STATE REGULATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN UKRAINE". "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", n. 2 (52) (26 giugno 2020): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-2-1.

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The article deals with the social and economic development of rural areas as an important component of social and regional policy. It is noted that in the terms of a transformational economy, it should be based on new principles of organizational support and financing, support for integrated rural development, attracting investment resources, based on the needs of the rural population. It is determined that one of the main causes of the crisis in the Ukrainian countryside is the loss of state control over the processes of socio-economic development of rural areas. It is investigated that the most important precondition for overcoming the crisis is the creation of an effective system of state regulation in the rural sector of Ukraine. The formation of self-sufficient (in particular in financial terms) territorial communities of rural areas is proposed is one of the ways of socio-economic development of rural areas. It is analyzed that the state policy of Ukraine in the field of local self-government is based on the interests of residents of territorial communities and provides for decentralization of power, i.e. transfer of large amounts of power, resources and responsibilities from local governments to local authorities. This policy is based on the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the best world standards of public relations. The focus of research is state regulation of rural development processes – the main priority of public policy in the vector of European integration of Ukraine's foreign policy. Increasing the importance of solving the problems of rural areas requires a change of state orientation in the direction of increasing the investment attractiveness of rural areas, introduction of structural adjustment of rural economic infrastructure to balanced multifunctional development, formation of organizational and economic tool for risk management and safety of rural development. It is established that one of the main conditions for the effective functioning of local budgets is to ensure the formation of sufficient financial resources for their independence and autonomy in order to meet the needs of the rural population.

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Piddubnyi, Ihor. "Тhe Activities of the King and the Government of Romania at the Beginning of World War II". Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, n. 37-38 (18 dicembre 2018): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.208-216.

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The article emphasizes the task of the Romanian government at the beginning of the Second World War, aimed at preserving the independence and territorial integrity of the state. Tasks were solved by maintaining good-neighborly relations with other countries, taking measures to protect state borders. The position of the government did not change after the assassination of the head of government A.Calinescu, but forced to take steps to form a government capable of suppressing the activities of the guardians. Following was the government of reconciliation. Both governments had the purpose to demonstrate the continuity of power and the maintenance of the previously chosen political line. Governments were formed within the framework of the National Renaissance Front, which was considered a means of national reconciliation. There have been no changes in the attitude towards Britain and France, which was due to the preservation of the power of Anglophiles and Francophiles. In domestic policy the task was to renew the country, to support change in favor of the country's defense capability. The domestic policy also involved the implementation of the plan for deprivation of citizenship of a large number of people, and the establishment of minimum wages. raised the issue of preservation of natural resources of the country. The country tried to maintain a high rating of the king as a unifying center for the Romanians, which led to a holiday tour of the country in December 1939 - January 1940. King visits to Oradea, Constantsa, Chisinau became a means of influencing public opinion and allowed the leaders of national minorities to demonstrate affection the crown, the cause of national revival, the strengthening of the army. At the same time, the government was shown the attention to the western and eastern outskirts of the country through holding ministerial conferences and defining tasks for improvement of existence. Keywords: Romania, Carol II, Gh.Tatarescu, government, World War II, domestic policy

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GORDIENKO, S., e I. DORONIN. "State security of Ukraine in modern conditions: problems of competence of government bodies". INFORMATION AND LAW, n. 2(37) (23 giugno 2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2021.2(37).238340.

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This paper examines the problem of development of the term “state security” in Ukraine, legal context of implementation, adequate definitions for state authorities` competence in sphere of security. Based on traditional theoretical legal definition of state as organization of political power, security of state depends on the components of security such as politics, economy, scientific and technological policy as the foundation of innovation policy. In today's world economics is driven by knowledge. Therefore, structure of innovation economy may be described as conditional pattern “common economy = economy of science + economy of technics + economy of production (real economy)”. The economy in this context may be described as “economy of science (information => information resources => innovations => qualitatively new knowledge => intellectual resources), economy of technics and economy of production”. In this sense state security depends on political component of economic security. Systematization of competence of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (national parliament), President of Ukraine, National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, local authorities in the sphere of security is far from perfect. The authors argue that the state security is not only within the competence of Security Service of Ukraine according to prescriptions of the law. These objectives are subjects for other state authorities. However, the problems of separation of competence for state powers and state authorities are complex and need following studies.

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