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Tesi sul tema "Post-communist Romania"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 29 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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1

Cartwright, Andrew L. "Implementing land reform in post-Communist Romania". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3843/.

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This thesis examines the implementation of ownership reforms following the collapse of Communist rule in Romania in 1989. It concentrates upon the rural sector and, in particular, the question of what to do with the collective farms. The aim has been to provide a critical account of the roots of the post-Communist land question, going back as far as the agrarian situation in the last century. To this end, regard is had to the land question in the pre-Communist era, concentrating on the efforts made by the state to create a sustainable system of land tenure. The second part of the work investigates how the Communist regime reformed land use and agricultural production, in particular, the methods by which the private control of land was transformed during collectivisation. In this way, the recent land reforms are linked to a much longer history of struggle over land. The objective has been to examine the legal process of implementing post-Communist land reforms as a means whereby history is rewritten, both nationally and locally. The land reforms are, partly, the official recognition of abuses committed by the former regime and yet, they are also a means of restructuring the country's agricultural sector. As in other countries in eastern Europe, Communist rule in Romania transformed a predominantly agrarian society into an industrial one. Before the Communists almost three-quarters of the population lived and worked on the land. By the time President Nicolae Ceausescu fell, the proportion was less than a third. The land question in post-Communist Romania centred on the extent to which the need to compensate former landowners could direct the content of reform.

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2

Mitrut, Andreea. "Four essays on interhousehold transfers and institutions in post-communist Romania /". Göteborg : Dep. of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017594449&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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3

Volintiru, Clara. "Clientelism and cartelization in post-communist Europe : the case of Romania". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3611/.

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The present thesis makes a twofold contribution to the existing literature. Firstly, it shows that clientelism complements cartelization, providing parties with stability in condition of weak mass mobilization. Secondly, it traces the specific mechanisms through which cartel parties channel public resources, within the institutional setting of the post-communist Europe. It provides an important extension to the cartel party literature in the context of new democracies. The main finding of this project is that cartel parties can survive and achieve stability through clientelistic distribution of benefits, both within, and outside their organisations. Furthermore, I find that cartelization generates a new model of clientelism, as public resources (e.g. procurement contracts) are also used to finance the party organisations, not only the clients. Through the in-depth case study of Romania, we can see that when political parties have little time to develop territorial networks and mobilization capacity, clientelism becomes an effective tool for establishing roots in society. The context of post-communist countries presents distinctive conditions for clientelistic linkages and the cartelization process. Multi-party systems in these countries have reappeared simultaneously with the institutions of the democratic state. Consequently, party-state interpenetration has been more profound, building upon previous legacies, as well as the permissive transitional circumstances. The present thesis analyses the following sequences of clientelistic exchanges: (1) internal party selection – patrons within the party organisations, (2) party patronage – political interference in public institutions, (3) politicization—political appointments in key positions of the Central Government (i.e. Senior Civil Servants), and finally (4) preferential resource allocation—public funding channelled through party networks. In addition to the chapters devoted to each of these clientelistic mechanisms, the thesis also contains a comparative chapter overseeing the challenges and opportunities for clientelism and cartelization in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).

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4

Stan, Lavinia. "Leaders and laggards, governance, civicness and ethnicity in post-communist Romania". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59066.pdf.

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5

Popescu, Ana-Cristina. "Headteachers and the decentralisation of public education in post-communist Romania". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/headteachers-and-the-decentralisation-of-public-education-in-postcommunist-romania(784ae3fa-0a80-48ec-8cd2-04dd66d6f18e).html.

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The project outlined in this thesis examines the ways in which headteachers position themselves as professionals following the shift from communism to neo-liberal markets and the decentralisation of the public education system in post-communist Romania. Following this shift, Romanian headteachers faced new accountability frameworks and witnessed a reconceptualisation of their professional responsibilities. The methodology adopted is policy scholarship because, by looking at decentralisation through a historical-cultural lens, i.e. Romania’s recent history of communism and transition to a more democratic state, it best addresses the three key-research questions. The methods used are official policy documents and interviews with different stakeholders located at three different levels in the Romanian education system. These were: secondary heads and county school inspectors. Four key national policy-makers were also interviewed. In the thesis, the Romanian situation is presented (as captured) in the period 2009-2011. The decentralisation of Romanian education is dichotomous. It is a hybrid between neo-liberalism and communist throwbacks that I call politicised decentralisation. On the one hand, decentralisation and quasi-markets are being introduced into public education at the recommendation of international donors (the World Bank, the European Union). On the other hand, the endurance of communist practices makes it difficult for professionals to adapt to new professional responsibilities and accountability frameworks. A new conceptual framework emerged from the international literature, national policy documents and empirical study and was used to explore the findings. This examines the components, levels and dimensions of decentralisation in education in Romania. The key-findings show the complexities of decentralisation in headteachers’ professional activity. Importantly, the politicisation of the education system is the biggest challenge faced by the interviewees. For example, in 2012 alone there have been three different cabinets and seven ministers of education in the last five years. This has resulted in instability in post at all three levels, not least because with each change in minister both county school inspectors and headteachers are usually replaced. The findings show that new accountability frameworks emerged and impacted upon headteachers’ relationships with different stakeholders such as inspectors, local authorities, as well as parents and students as consumers of education. This thesis is important in showing how policy implementation and enactment differs depending on the socio-economic, political and cultural context. The conceptual framework developed in the thesis and the findings have relatability for educationalists, policy-makers, practitioners and researchers, both nationally and internationally, especially since the existing empirical base predominantly refers to liberal democracies.

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6

Parvu, Raluca. "Spaces of representation, places of identity : the case of post-communist Romania". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2246/.

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7

Balogh, Andrea. "Inside the pyramid of power: the evolution of strategic elites in post-communist Romania /". Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2712.

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8

Alexandrescu, Liviu Gabriel. "Legally high, officially lost: injecting NPS use and drug abjection in Post-Communist Romania". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716377.

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Since the late 2000s the distribution of what seemed to be unregulated ‘recreational’ drugs by street and online retailers has prompted media hype and public anxiety in Europe and elsewhere. These ‘legal highs’ or ‘new psychoactive substances’ (NPS) were often associated with health risks and antisocial behaviour, and they eventually inspired policy debates along with new scheduling measures. This project explores NPS’ general reception in Romania and their more specific integration into injecting drug users' repertoires, a segment of the local drug market traditionally dominated by heroin. By drawing on mainstream media texts and field data collected around treatment facilities such as a methadone maintenance clinic, it focuses on the troubling moral identities of intravenous substance users and the disciplinary practices of the medico-legal apparatus meant to monitor them. In setting out a moral panic model re-imagined as bouts of collective disgust or social abjection, it seeks to connect lived experiences and moral understandings of emerging drugs with historical layers of prohibition discourses that stratify drug using bodies into abject identities. NPS are thus revealed to shape two types of moral panic as drug abjection in post-communist Romania. The first emerges from media discourse and concerns the clean or valuable youth of the nation, calling for the containment of the new drugs trade to assure the sanitisation and survival of the social body. The second surfaces among injecting drug users, with ‘legalists’ or NPS users being increasingly seen by both drug workers and opiate users as a source of disruption to the regulatory devices and collaborative goals of rehabilitation. This ultimately raises larger questions about the liberal governance of pleasure and consumption in Romania’s transition to market democracy. The fluidity o f ‘NPS’ as a medical and policy object thus seems to indicate the ontological spilling of the rational choice-making self out of the flows of capital, power and historical time

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9

Sandu, Adriana Iuliana. "Poverty, institutions and child health in post-communist rural Romania a view from below /". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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10

Vujanovich, Kara L. "The Application and Effects of Architecture and Development Strategies in Rural Romania". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522418556855324.

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11

Caparini, Marina. "Internal security reform in post-communist Europe : a study of democratisation in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639735.

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12

Galliera, Anca Izabel. "Negotiating artistic identity through satire subreal 1989-1999 /". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001175.

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13

Radonova, Elitsa. "La construction des systèmes de partis politiques dans les pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale et l’intégration européenne : le cas de la Bulgarie, de la Roumanie et de la Slovaquie". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010255.

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Notre doctorat se propose d'étudier les bases de construction du système partisan dans les pays post-communistes et les facteurs externes ou internes de son évolution. Les transformations après 1989 étaient supposées suivre une logique séquentielle comprenant quelques étapes incontournables - l'organisation des élections libres, l'adoption de nouvelles Constitutions, la réforme du corpus juridique et des administrations, l'harmonisation européenne, etc. Les attentes étaient que l'intégration européenne soit la force motrice pour une stabilisation graduelle des institutions et des normes juridiques et qu'elle contribue, à terme, à une progressive convergence des façons de faire est-européennes par rapport aux règles et pratiques en vigueur au sein de l'Union européenne. La présente recherche de thèse a pour objectif d'aborder la construction des systèmes de partis politiques dans les pays de l'Europe centrale et orientale dans un triple logique: celle des caractéristiques structurelles des arènes politiques, des jeux stratégiques des acteurs politiques et du rôle de la variable européenne. Or, malgré l'avancement de l'intégration dans l'Union européenne, l'atmosphère d'une crise permanente se développe au sein des PECO, ainsi que des cycles de désillusion qui accroissent les chances pour les partis non traditionnels et populistes de trouver leur place sur les scènes politiques nationales. Notre recherche est menée de façon comparative et son champ couvre trois pays: la Bulgarie, la Roumanie et la Slovaquie
Our research work proposes to study the basis of the construction of the political party systems in post-communist countries and the internal and external factors affecting their evolution. The post 1989 changes were supposed to follow a sequential logic comprising certain inevitable steps - organization of free elections; the adoption of new constitutions, judiciary and administration reform, European harmonization etc, The expectation being that European integration would act as the driving force towards a gradual stabilization of the institutions and of the legal standards and that it would contribute, ultimately, to a progressive convergence of East European practices with those already in place within the European Union. The objective of this research thesis is to tackle the construction of the political party system in Central and Eastern Europe in the triple logic of: the structural characteristics of the political arena, the strategy of the main political actors and the role that the European variable played. Despite the progresses of the integration within the European Union, the atmosphere of permanent crisis and the "cycles of disillusionment" within the CEEC increase the chance that non-traditional and populist parties find a place within the national political scenes. Our research is conducted in a comparative way and its scope covers three countries: Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia

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14

Iacob, Raluca. "Projecting peripheries : allegories of marginality in post-communist Romanian cinema". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6951.

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This thesis addresses aspects of Romanian society and cinema, by analyzing post-communist films through the perspective of marginality. The central hypothesis of this study refers to the ways in which films illustrate conditions of post-communist Romanian society, as they consider representations of the periphery through the angle of allegories of marginality. Following a long tradition, especially in literary studies, where it refers to the overt insertion of symbolic meanings, allegory refers in this study to a less noticeable delivery, by using a postmodern interpretation of the concept. This translates to detecting a latent meaning in films, by interpreting them in a broader context pertaining both to the film's circumstances (production, distribution and reception), and to the broader framework of the film's content. What connects post-communist Romanian films is a concern for matters of marginality, as they focus on dissensions in society, intergenerational conflicts, youth and limited opportunities of social movement, and the use of satire as a way of handling the bleak conditions of life. Aiming to provide a realistic representation of post-communist life, new wave Romanian films focus on the mundane reality of everyday life. The films discussed in this thesis expand beyond the scope of the new wave, and present a diversity of aesthetic approaches and relating perspectives on allegory—from distinct to obscure—defined by the contextual conditions of post-communism.

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15

Adamson, Kevin David. "Socialism, revolution and transition : the ideological construction of the Romanian post-Communist order". Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416696.

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16

Roman, Denise. "Alterity and identity : nation, gender, and popular culture in post-communist Romania (post-communist cultural studies) /". 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99231.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Political Science.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-250). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99231

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17

Toma, Roxana Malina. "Dysfunctional social capital in post-communist states analyzing correlates of perceived corruption in the Romanian civil service /". 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12082008-125300/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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18

Marcoci, Gabriela. "La transition postcommuniste en Roumanie (entre 1989 et 2004) : une étude à partir de la structuration de la famille". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10204.

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Cette thèse propose une analyse des transformations postcommunistes en Roumanie à partir d’une étude de la structuration de trajectoires familiales. La réflexion sur les itinéraires très variés de ces trajectoires familiales met en valeur les pratiques développées par les familles dans la construction de leur mode de vie quotidienne après la chute du communisme. L’approche utilisée privilégie deux axes d’analyse. Le premier vise les aspects socio-structurels concernant les cadres de la vie incluant les aspects matériels, alors que le deuxième, l’axe socio-symbolique, concerne les aspects subjectifs liés au vécu des acteurs en corrélation avec le contexte social en mutation. L’analyse est fondée sur des éléments issus de la théorie de la structuration qui ont contribué à la construction du cadre conceptuel. Elle s’appuie aussi sur la méthodologie qualitative qui comprend des récits de vie obtenus à partir des entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés avec les membres de 11 familles. Les thématiques retenues après l’analyse du corpus de données nous ont permis d’identifier des stratégies que les familles ont mises en place et les projets familiaux qui ont orienté leur parcours de vie durant la période de transition postcommuniste. Ces deux concepts révèlent des éléments liés à l’ordre général permettant ainsi la mise en évidence des tendances structurelles de la société postcommuniste.
This thesis presents an analysis of the process of post-communist transformation in Romania, through a study of the structure of family trajectories. An examination of the wide variety of family trajectories highlights the practices developed by families in rebuilding their way of life after the fall of communism. The approach adopts two axes of analysis. The first is the socio-structural framework for life including material aspects, while the second axis, the socio-symbolic axis addresses subjective aspects related to the experiences of actors within their changing social context. The analysis draws on the theory of structuration in its conceptual framework. It is also based on qualitative methodology which includes life stories obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with members of 11 families. The themes selected after analysis of the data corpus allows us to identify strategies that families have put in place and family plans that have shaped their life course during the post-communist transition. These two concepts reveal elements related to the general order allowing the identification of structural trends of post-communist society in Romania.

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