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1
STEPULEVAGE, LINDA, e SARAH PLUMERIDGE. "Women Taking Positions Within Computer Science". Gender and Education 10, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540259820925.
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Tromborg, Mathias. "Issue Salience and Candidate Position Taking in Parliamentary Parties". Political Studies 67, n. 2 (26 marzo 2018): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321718765520.
Abstract (sommario):
Research on parliamentary representation has traditionally assumed that political parties take clear and differentiated policy positions, but recent studies suggest that parties sometimes have an electoral incentive to present voters with a distribution of positions to select from at the ballot box. This article explores whether parliamentary parties pursue such a strategy through candidate position taking using unique elite and mass survey data from Denmark. The results illustrate that parties are highly unified on issues that are salient to their electoral brand, but that they develop a distribution of positions that is related to voter preferences at the district level on less salient issues. These findings have important implications for the way that representation works in parliamentary democracies.
3
Mendaglio, Sal. "Counseling Gifted Persons: Taking Giftedness into Account". Gifted Education International 19, n. 3 (aprile 2005): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142940501900303.
Abstract (sommario):
When counseling clients who are gifted, counselors may adopt one of two positions. Some counselors may decide that counseling that is effective with other clients will suffice for counseling gifted persons. Alternatively, counselors may reflect the view that their counseling of gifted clients should reflect their differentiating characteristics. This article provides elements of a model of counseling gifted persons that reflects the latter position.
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Dressel, Dennis. "Turn-taking in collaborative storytelling". Linguistik Online 112, n. 7 (15 dicembre 2021): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.112.8253.
Abstract (sommario):
This conversation-analytic paper investigates the multimodal design and interactional functions of the connective et puis après (‘and then after that’) in a French-language corpus of video-recorded collaborative storytellings. Two similar, yet different, sequential positions are investigated: the juncture between subsequent story episodes and the space between extended side sequences and the return to the story-in-progress. Such juncture positions constitute recognizable moments at which both members of the telling party, i. e., the current teller and the co-teller, must determine the topic of the next story episode as well as its delivery. Thus, juncture positions provide a perspicuous setting for the analysis of how tellership is negotiated and how topic progression is achieved. The connective et puis après appears to be a resource for current tellers to establish spaces for coparticipation at juncture positions, closing prior talk and projecting continuation. The multimodal analysis shows that both its prosodic design and co-occurring changes of the embodied participation framework contribute to opening interactive turn spaces and to making telling-specific next actions relevant.
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Waddington, Raymond B., e Bette Talvacchia. "Taking Positions: On the Erotic in Renaissance Culture". Sixteenth Century Journal 31, n. 3 (2000): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671139.
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Kramer, David. "Robotic vehicles taking up positions under the sea". Physics Today 65, n. 12 (dicembre 2012): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1817.
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Frantz, David O., e Bette Talvacchia. "Taking Positions on the Erotic in Renaissance Culture". Italica 76, n. 4 (1999): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/480266.
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Proksch, Sven-Oliver, e Jonathan B. Slapin. "Position Taking in European Parliament Speeches". British Journal of Political Science 40, n. 3 (8 dicembre 2009): 587–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123409990299.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines how national parties and their members position themselves in European Parliament (EP) debates, estimating the principal latent dimension of spoken conflict using word counts from legislative speeches. We then examine whether the estimated ideal points reflect partisan conflict on a left–right, European integration or national politics dimension. Using independent measures of national party positions on these three dimensions, we find that the corpus of EP speeches reflects partisan divisions over EU integration and national divisions rather than left–right politics. These results are robust to both the choice of language used to scale the speeches and to a range of statistical models that account for measurement error of the independent variables and the hierarchical structure of the data.
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Davis, Duane H. "The War Is Taking Place". Chiasmi International 25 (2023): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chiasmi20232516.
Abstract (sommario):
While Merleau-Ponty’s political positions evolved over the course of his career, they are grounded in and guided by a remarkably consistent account of historicity. Praxis requires authentic historical engagement; and Merleau-Ponty was critical of inauthentic a-historical approaches throughout his career. I chart a trajectory of Merleau-Ponty’s position from The War Has Taken Place (1945), through some of the newly published material from the mid to late 1940’s Michel Dalissier’s monumental two volume collection of inédits, and the Introduction to Signs (1960). This results in two surprising and admittedly controversial observations that contradict dominant narratives. I argue that: (1) Merleau-Ponty’s account of historicity precludes the claim that he abandoned Marxism altogether with the writing of Adventures of the Dialectic (1955); and (2) Merleau-Ponty’s account of historicity reveals the dominant Western narrative about the war in Ukraine to be inauthentic.
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Grepperud, Sverre, e Pal Andreas Pedersen. "Voluntary Environmental Agreements: Taking Up Positions And Meeting Pressure". Economics and Politics 15, n. 3 (novembre 2003): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00126.
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Moulton, Ian Frederick. "Taking Positions: On the Erotic in Renaissance Culture (review)". Shakespeare Quarterly 52, n. 4 (2001): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/shq.2001.0062.
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Nelson, M. Dawn, Larissa Mann, Christine Nicholson e Mark Lehman. "Static Positional Nystagmus in the Healthy Vestibular System". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 30, n. 10 (novembre 2019): 883–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18024.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractA repeat of the seminal 1973 study on static positional nystagmus (PN) using more accurate recording techniques.The purpose was to further characterize PN and, using current data, introduce new clinical criteria for its identification.Static PN was recorded in ten positions with vision denied. Each position was analyzed using age, gender, presence, direction, and persistence of nystagmus while taking into account the number of beats and mean slow-phase velocity (SPV).One hundred healthy patients who were asymptomatic with no known neurological disorders were tested.No intervention was used.Analysis of variance, descriptive statistics, and confidence intervals were used to describe results.Results showed 74% of normal participants had horizontal nystagmus in at least one position. Only 7% of the observed nystagmus was persistent. The average SPV was 2°/sec. The mean number of positions in which nystagmus was observed was three. Neither age nor gender influenced the occurrence of nystagmus. Forty-three percent of the participants had vertical nystagmus in at least one position; however, the SPV was 2°/sec or less.The present study demonstrated that intermittent or persistent PN in four or fewer positions should not be considered pathological when the SPV is 4°/sec or less (n = 100). Observance of vertical nystagmus in one position should not be considered pathological if the SPV is 2°/sec or less. Suggested positions for positional testing should include seated-upright, supine, head right, head left, head-hanging, and the precaloric (30° supine) positions. Fixation when PN is observed is indicated.
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Dolezal, Martin, Laurenz Ennser-Jedenastik, Wolfgang C. Müller, Katrin Praprotnik e Anna Katharina Winkler. "Beyond salience and position taking". Party Politics 24, n. 3 (22 novembre 2016): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068816678893.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines aspects of election manifestos that are largely ignored by extant manifesto-based studies focusing on issue saliencies and policy positions. Drawing on the literatures on negative campaigning, retrospective voting, party mandates and personalization, we develop a scheme of categories that allows for the analysis of attacks on competitors, references to a party’s track record, subjective and objective policy pledges and the prominence of party leaders in manifestos. We also show that these elements are present in manifestos of major European parties. The relevance of these categories, we argue, should be influenced by a party’s status in government or opposition, its ideology, its size, the relative popularity of party leaders and the occurrence of early elections. Our systematic examination of 46 Austrian election manifestos produced between 1986 and 2013 demonstrates that many of these expectations are supported by the evidence. Most notably, it emerges that government and opposition parties write manifestos that differ with respect to all of the five characteristics analysed. This suggests that there are systematic differences between government and opposition party manifestos that should be taken into consideration by scholars engaged in manifesto-based research.
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Flemmen, Magne Paalgard, e Hedda Haakestad. "Class and politics in twenty-first century Norway: a homology of positions and position-taking". European Societies 20, n. 3 (5 settembre 2017): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1371318.
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Von Kotze, Astrid, e Shirley Walters. "Taking risks". European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults 14, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2023): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/rela.2000-7426.4324.
Abstract (sommario):
The climate catastrophe is a clarion call to humanity to change how we live. How do radical popular educators respond to this call? We ‘join the dots’ using climate justice, ecofeminism and our own insights from our engaged activist scholarship as theoretical positions to explore this question. Dominant Western worldviews which separate humans from other life forms contribute to ecological degradation. For climate justice, this hard-wired worldview needs to be disrupted. Drawing on multiple examples from Africa, we conclude that ways to do this require the foregrounding of cognitive justice which includes recognising the validity of multiple knowledges, learning from others and supporting communities’ in their struggles for reparation, reclamation and conservation of their land. These actions can be amplified in engagements which disrupt the unsustainable behaviour and policies of the wealthy. We argue that radical popular education in these times is climate just and ecofeminist.
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Farkas, Judit, e Gábor Alberti. "Spelling out of scope taking arguments in (de-)verbal constructions in Hungarian". Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 8 (31 dicembre 2022): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.14957.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper systematically investigates operators in post-head positions within the three constructions referring to states of affairs in Hungarian, that is, within verbal, deverbal nominal and infinitival phrases. Hungarian is well-known to be a language in which all types of operator can be, and are usually, spelt out in the pre-head zone. However, it has not been discussed in a systematic and comprehensive way earlier whether operators can appear in post-head positions. The paper points out that this is partially possible via a systematic overview of six basic operator types. It also illustrates that while spelling out operators in the pre-head zone results in unambiguous constructions, placing them in post-head positions yields different types of ambiguity. As for the acceptability of scope taking arguments, finite verbal constructions show a black-and-white picture while infinitival and deverbal nominal constructions can be characterized by gray zones in respect of the readiness of arguments to take scope from post-head position. In these “gray zones”, a somewhat speaker-dependent variation can be observed, presumably with underlying microvariation. To represent and interpret our findings, we use Grohmann’s (2000, 2003) phase-theoretic approach with its pragmasemantics-based three Spell-Out domains per cycle.
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Bekshaev, S. "SOME PROBLEMS OF OPTIMIZATION AND CONTROL OF THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF AN ELASTICALLY SUPPORTED RIGID BODY". Mechanics And Mathematical Methods 3, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2021): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2618-0650-2021-3-2-88-102.
Abstract (sommario):
The article analytically investigates the behavior of the frequencies and modes of natural vibrations of a rigid body, based on point elastic supports, when the position of the supports changes. It is assumed that the body is in plane motion and has two degrees of freedom. A linear description of body vibrations is accepted. The problems of determining such optimal positions of elastic supports at which the fundamental frequency of the structure reaches its maximum value are considered. Two groups of problems were studied. The first group concerns a body supported by only two supports. It was found that in the absence of restrictions on the position of the supports to maximize the fundamental natural frequency, these supports should be positioned so that the basic natural vibrations of the body are translational. Simple analytical conditions are formulated that must be satisfied by the corresponding positions of the supports. In real practical situations, these positions may be unreachable due to the presence of various kinds of restrictions due to design requirements. In this paper, optimization problems are considered taking into account a number of restrictions on the position of supports, typical for practice, expressed analytically by equations and inequalities. For each of the considered types of constraints, results are obtained that determine the optimal positions of the supports and the corresponding maximum values of the main natural frequencies. The approach applied allows us to consider other types of restrictions, which are not considered in the article. In the second group of problems for a body resting on an arbitrary number of supports, the optimal position of an additional elastic support introduced in order to maximize the fundamental frequency in fixed positions and the stiffness coefficients of the remaining supports was sought. It was found that this position depends on the value of the stiffness coefficient of the introduced support. Results are obtained that qualitatively and quantitatively characterize this position and the corresponding frequencies and modes of natural oscillations, including taking into account practically established limitations. The research method uses a qualitative approach, systematically based on the well-known Rayleigh theorem on the effect of imposing constraints on the free vibrations of an elastic structure.
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ZHAI, LIDONG, ZHAOYUN DING, YAN JIA e BIN ZHOU. "A WORD POSITION-RELATED LDA MODEL". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 25, n. 06 (settembre 2011): 909–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001411008890.
Abstract (sommario):
LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) proposed by Blei is a generative probabilistic model of a corpus, where documents are represented as random mixtures over latent topics, and each topic is characterized by a distribution over words, but not the attributes of word positions of every document in the corpus. In this paper, a Word Position-Related LDA Model is proposed taking into account the attributes of word positions of every document in the corpus, where each word is characterized by a distribution over word positions. At the same time, the precision of the topic-word's interpretability is improved by integrating the distribution of the word-position and the appropriate word degree, taking into account the different word degree in the different word positions. Finally, a new method, a size-aware word intrusion method is proposed to improve the ability of the topic-word's interpretability. Experimental results on the NIPS corpus show that the Word Position-Related LDA Model can improve the precision of the topic-word's interpretability. And the average improvement of the precision in the topic-word's interpretability is about 9.67%. Also, the size-aware word intrusion method can interpret the topic-word's semantic information more comprehensively and more effectively through comparing the different experimental data.
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Marchetti, Kathleen, e David O'Connell. "Catholic Politicians and the Politics of Abortion Position Taking". Politics and Religion 11, n. 2 (11 settembre 2017): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000530.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractFour decades after the Court's landmark decision inRoe v. Wade, the issue of abortion persists as a point of contention for elected officials. The Catholic Church has taken a leading role in the pro-life movement, putting many Catholic representatives in a difficult position as they can be cross-pressured by their party, their constituents, and their own beliefs. Given these pressures, how do Catholic legislators explain their positions on abortion? We address this question via an analysis of public statements about abortion made by Catholic representatives and senators in the 108thCongress. We examine which members comment on abortion and use automated text analysis to measure legislators' certainty and use of moral and religious terms when discussing abortion. Multivariate analysis shows that gender, ethnicity, and an interaction between a member's position on abortion and the number of Catholics in their constituency shape how Catholic legislators discuss abortion.
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Lo, James, Sven-Oliver Proksch e Jonathan B. Slapin. "Ideological Clarity in Multiparty Competition: A New Measure and Test Using Election Manifestos". British Journal of Political Science 46, n. 3 (14 luglio 2014): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123414000192.
Abstract (sommario):
Parties in advanced democracies take ideological positions as part of electoral competition, but some parties communicate their position more clearly than others. Existing research on democratic party competition has paid much attention to assessing partisan position taking in electoral manifestos, but it has largely overlooked how manifestos reflect the clarity of these positions. This article presents a scaling procedure that better reflects the data-generating process of party manifestos. This new estimator allows us to recover not only positional estimates, but also estimates for the ideological clarity or ambiguity of parties. The study validates its results using Monte Carlo tests, a manifesto-drafting simulation and a human coding exercise. Finally, the article applies the estimator to party manifestos in four multiparty democracies and demonstrates that ambiguity can enhance the appeal of parties with platforms that become more moderate, and lessen the appeal of parties with platforms that become more extreme.
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Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., Laura W. Arnold e Christopher J. W. Zorn. "The Strategic Timing of Position Taking in Congress: A Study of the North American Free Trade Agreement". American Political Science Review 91, n. 2 (giugno 1997): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952359.
Abstract (sommario):
A critical element of decision making is the timing of choices political actors make; often when a decision is made is as critical as the decision itself. We posit a dynamic model of strategic position announcement based on signaling theories of legislative politics. We suggest that members who receive clear signals from constituents, interest groups, and policy leaders will announce their positions earlier. Those with conflicting signals will seek more information, delaying their announcement. We test several expectations by examining data on when members of the House of Representatives announced their positions on the North American Free Trade Agreement. We also contrast the timing model with a vote model, and find that there are meaningful differences between the factors influencing the timing of position announcements and vote choice. Our research allows analysts to interpret the process leading up to the House action and the end state of that process.
22
Hart, Justin, e Brian Scassellati. "Mirror Perspective-Taking with a Humanoid Robot". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, n. 1 (20 settembre 2021): 1990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8389.
Abstract (sommario):
The ability to use a mirror as an instrument for spatial reasoning enables an agent to make meaningful inferences about the positions of objects in space based on the appearance of their reflections in mirrors. The model presented in this paper enables a robot to infer the perspective from which objects reflected in a mirror appear to be observed, allowing the robot to use this perspective as a virtual camera. Prior work by our group presented an architecture through which a robot learns the spatial relationship between its body and visual sense, mimicking an early form of self-knowledge in which infants learn about their bodies and senses through their interactions with each other. In this work, this self-knowledge is utilized in order to determine the mirror's perspective. Witnessing the position of its end-effector in a mirror in several distinct poses, the robot determines a perspective that is consistent with these observations. The system is evaluated by measuring how well the robot's predictions of its end-effector's position in 3D, relative to the robot's egocentric coordinate system, and in 2D, as projected onto it's cameras, match measurements of a marker tracked by its stereo vision system. Reconstructions of the 3D position end-effector, as computed from the perspective of the mirror, are found to agree with the forward kinematic model within a mean of 31.55mm. When observed directly by the robot's cameras, reconstructions agree within 5.12mm. Predictions of the 2D position of the end-effector in the visual field agree with visual measurements within a mean of 18.47 pixels, when observed in the mirror, or 5.66 pixels, when observed directly by the robot's cameras.
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Wild, Andrew, Andy Lockett e Graeme Currie. "Position taking and field level change: Capability Brown and the changing British landscape". Human Relations 73, n. 3 (26 marzo 2019): 351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726719828436.
Abstract (sommario):
How does a social actor in a disadvantaged position achieve field level change? Using a longitudinal case of ‘Capability’ Brown, an individual rising from humble origins to shape and refine the British landscape, we examine how an actor’s unfolding efforts to move from a social position at the periphery of a field, to a social position at the centre of a field, may present them with opportunities to influence field level change. In doing so, we employ Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice, and unexplored notion of ‘position taking’. We argue that an actor’s tactics to shape change, and position taking to enhance social position, should be considered in conjunction with one-another, and that position taking strategies may be viewed as a core component of the work undertaken by social actors in trying to influence field level change. Further, we suggest that tensions between an agent’s accumulated capital and the social position typically afforded to their role in the field, may lead to efforts to ‘take’ or ‘create’ new positions, providing opportunities to influence the developing institution, with symbolic capital playing a pivotal role.
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Sonu, Debbie, Rachel Oppenheim, Shira Eve Epstein e Ruchi Agarwal. "Taking responsibility: The multiple and shifting positions of social justice educators". Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 7, n. 2 (19 giugno 2012): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746197912440855.
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Lunsing, W. "'Parasite' and 'Non-parasite' Singles: Japanese Journalists and Scholars Taking Positions". Social Science Japan Journal 6, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2003): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/6.2.261.
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Zhang, Dongdong, Tang Qi e Ling Zheng. "A hierarchical optimization strategy for position and thickness optimization of constrained layer damping/plate to minimize sound radiation power". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, n. 10 (ottobre 2018): 168781401880325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018803259.
Abstract (sommario):
A hierarchical optimization strategy is proposed to optimally design constrained layer damping materials patched on the base plate for minimizing sound radiation power. A sound radiation optimization model is established by taking positions and thicknesses of constrained layer damping materials as design variables, and added mass as constraints. The hierarchical optimization procedure is implemented, in which evolutionary structural optimization method is employed to get optimal position layouts of constrained layer damping materials, and genetic algorithm is used to find optimal thickness configurations of constrained layer damping materials by taking the plate with optimal position layouts of constrained layer damping materials as initial structure. Two sound power sensitivities are formulated and compared for position optimization. Numerical examples in which unweighted/weighted objective functions are considered are presented, optimal positions and thickness configurations of constrained layer damping materials patched on the plate are obtained and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is very effective to achieve larger sound power reduction by reconfiguring the thickness of constrained layer damping materials for the results of position optimization.
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Calhoun, Cheshire. "Taking Seriously Dual Systems and Sex". Hypatia 13, n. 1 (1998): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1998.tb01360.x.
Abstract (sommario):
In response to Ann Ferguson and Claudia Card, I argue that Gayle Rubin's analysis of sex-gender systems supports the hypothesis that heterosexual domination is a distinctive axis of oppression. While gender domination places women in disad-vantaged positions, heterosexual domination displaces lesbians and gay men from society. In response to Chris Cuomo, I argue that same-sex desire is part of lesbians’ gender ambiguity; but I agree that nvy work has underemphasized sexual desire.
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Chen, Xianjian, e Istvan Biro. "Lumber Lordosis Motions Monitor Using Formetric Imaging Analysis". Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, n. 5 (1 maggio 2020): 1190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.2994.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose: The objective of this research was to investigate the body posture in basketball players to compare the differences of three positions of the single-handed shoot, which include squatting, taking off and shooting, to state how spine changes in basketball movement. Method: 12 young male basketball players who aged 21–23 years old were recruited in this research, the angle of thoracic kyphotic, lumbar lordosis angle and torso inclination angle while symmetry of the shoulders and pelvic lateral inclination were evaluated with the DIERS for matric 3D device, the data collection was carried out during the movement of single-handed shoot. The statistical analysis was measured by SPSS 20.0 and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures was used to analyze differences in three positions. Results: in the squatting position has a significantly greater value of TK than taking off and shooting position, the position of squatting has presented dramatically differences values of LL when compare with taking off and shooting position, the position of shooting has a largest torso inclination angle than squatting and taking off, while had a smallest angle in squatting. It was also indicated that the shoulder of left-side was always lowered than right-side. Conclusions: it has been noted that more frequently practice basketball may contribute to an asymmetrical postural of people’s body, have a negative influence on the spine’s placement in a basketball player. One the basis of this result, the postural training should be included in the training to prevent deformation of body posture.
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Saikeerthana, N., e Vidyadhar B. Bangal. "WOMENS CHOICE OF POSITIONS DURING LABOUR- AN ANCIENT TOUCH TO TODAYS MODERN OBSTETRIC PRACTICE". International Journal of Advanced Research 12, n. 05 (31 maggio 2024): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18682.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction: Childbirth medicalization has reduced the parturienta opportunity to labour and deliver in spontaneous position, constricting her to assume the recumbent one. Aims and objectives: the aim of this study was to educate the pregnant women who are not in labour about the alternative positions of labour and take there desired position of delivery. Material And Methods: This Study Was Conducted In Pravara Hospital In Multiparous Ante Natal Women Of 300 By Showing Them The Images Of Different Birthing Positions And Taking There Input In Which They Desire To Labour. Results: Results Of The Study Are Summerised In Form Of Percentages Of Women Willing To Deliver In Different Positions. Conclusion: Counselling Women For Alternative Maternal Positioning May Positively Influence Labour Process Reducing Maternal Pain , Operative Vaginal Delivery , Caeserean Section And Episiotomy Rate.
30
Jami, Ata. "Having Control Over and Above Situations: The Influence of Elevated Viewpoints on Risk Taking". Journal of Marketing Research 56, n. 2 (30 gennaio 2019): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243718813544.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines how consumers’ exposure to the viewpoint of high versus low vertical position changes their risk-taking behavior. The author proposes that consumers’ views of scenery from a high physical elevation induce an illusory sense of control, which in turn intensifies risk taking. Multiple studies show that exposure to the viewpoint of high vertical positions increases risk taking in both laboratory settings (Studies 1a, 1b, and 1c) and real settings (Study 4). In addition, the author demonstrates that an illusory sense of control mediates the effect of an elevated viewpoint on risk taking (Study 2) and that the effect of elevation on risk taking is attenuated when people use a low-level mental construal to process visual information (Study 3).
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Kim, Mary Shin, Stephanie Hyeri Kim e Sung-Ock Sohn. "The Korean discourse particle ya across multiple turn positions: An interactional resource for turn-taking and stance-taking". Journal of Pragmatics 186 (dicembre 2021): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.10.012.
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Hirsch, Peter Buell. "Alone on the ramparts". Journal of Business Strategy 41, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2020): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-08-2019-0164.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that corporate political positioning taking is playing in exacerbating political polarization and to suggest that, by contrast, corporations could also play a role in healing some of the increasing divides in democracies around the world. Design/methodology/approach The paper looks at recent examples of companies taking political positions on controversial public issues and public reactions to those positions in the media. Findings The author’s analysis suggests that with each subsequent political position announced by companies, the stakes for more extreme and noisy pronouncements become higher and higher. This threatens to be an unsustainable journey, and companies will need to find new ways to communicate their commitment to customers and other stakeholders. Originality/value While there has been wide discussion of the increasing propensity of companies to take public positions on social and political issues, the author believes this is the first viewpoint to examine the consequences of this trends over the longer term and its impact on polarization.
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Jiang, Ling, Dequan Ling, Mingwei Zhao, Chun Wang, Qiuhua Liang e Kai Liu. "Effective Identification of Terrain Positions from Gridded DEM Data Using Multimodal Classification Integration". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, n. 11 (14 novembre 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110443.
Abstract (sommario):
Terrain positions are widely used to describe the Earth’s topographic features and play an important role in the studies of landform evolution, soil erosion and hydrological modeling. This work develops a new multimodal classification system with enhanced classification performance by integrating different approaches for terrain position identification. The adopted classification approaches include local terrain attribute (LA)-based and regional terrain attribute (RA)-based, rule-based and supervised, and pixel-based and object-oriented methods. Firstly, a double-level definition scheme is presented for terrain positions. Then, utilizing a hierarchical framework, a multimodal approach is developed by integrating different classification techniques. Finally, an assessment method is established to evaluate the new classification system from different aspects. The experimental results, obtained at a Loess Plateau region in northern China on a 5 m digital elevation model (DEM), show reasonably positional relationship, and larger inter-class and smaller intra-class variances. This indicates that identified terrain positions are consistent with the actual topography from both overall and local perspectives, and have relatively good integrity and rationality. This study demonstrates that the current multimodal classification system, developed by taking advantage of various classification methods, can reflect the geographic meanings and topographic features of terrain positions from different levels.
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Martynyuk, Oleksandr M., Olesandr Va Drozd, Sergiy A. Nesterenko, Vadym Yu Skobtsov e Thuong Van Bui. "BEHAVIORAL HIDDEN TESTING OF DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OF ENERGY". Herald of Advanced Information Technology 4, n. 2 (30 giugno 2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/hait.02.2021.3.
Abstract (sommario):
The introduction of new energy-consuming properties for positions and transitions into the checked properties of the extended reference Petri net, for which the deviations of the tested Petri net are determined and a testing model is developed, provides new diagnostic possibilities. Keeping the class of checked properties in the composition of deviations of incidence relations, correspondences and marking functions of positions and transitions for the checked and reference Petri nets, the new properties make it possible to record the appearance of critical temperature regimes that are a consequence of errors or directly leading to their appearance. This versatility of testing helps to increase its completeness, accuracy and efficiency. The energy-heavy testing model is based on verification of incidence, correspondence, and markup functions. Checking the markup functions when generating events in positions, performing actions in transitions, as well as the proposed checking of the energy consumption indicators accumulated in the monitor tokens, is performed when checking the incidence, correspondences. The features of the testing model include the input of generalized energy-loaded Petri nets recorders, accumulating information about energy consumption in the behavior of positions/transitions, topological components and subnets, the entire Petri net in the process of its functioning. The testing model is also distinguished by the recognition of the reference energy-loaded behavior when checking the Petri net based on behavioral identification and coincidence of subsets of positions/transitions, the determination of behavior, the use of check primitives and transactions. The behavioral testing model defines the formal conditions for behavioral testing procedures, including the analysis of the correctness of energy consumption. The dimensionality of the testing model was estimated using the representation of Petri net graphs, special graphs of attainable states, including Rabin-Scott automata, using list structures. These estimates define the limits of applicability of the formal testing model
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Takahashi, Yukio, Noriyuki Kawaguchi, Kosuke Heki, Hiroo Kunimori e Tetsuro Kondo. "Celestial reference coordinate system of VLBI with US-Japan joint VLBI experiments". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 128 (1988): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090011931x.
Abstract (sommario):
The right ascension of 3C273B has been a reference of the celestial VLBI coordinate system. However it seems that 3C273B is inadequate for the reference because 3C273B has the jet component which was detected on long baselines in our experiments. We present the best reference source for celestial coordinate system. Next we estimated the source positions, taking the new reference radio source. The nutation and plate motion were considered in our analysis. We show the change of 3C273B position. The estimated source positions are compared with those given in GSFC source catalog (1985).
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Gillespie, Alex, e Beth Richardson. "Exchanging social positions: Enhancing perspective taking within a cooperative problem solving task". European Journal of Social Psychology 41, n. 5 (26 gennaio 2011): 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.788.
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ZELIZER, ADAM. "Is Position-Taking Contagious? Evidence of Cue-Taking from Two Field Experiments in a State Legislature". American Political Science Review 113, n. 2 (6 marzo 2019): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055419000078.
Abstract (sommario):
Cue-taking is thought to be influential because legislators seek information from like-minded, trusted policy experts. Unfortunately for researchers, this self-selection process complicates efforts to separate the causal effects of cues from the tendency of legislators to communicate with similar peers. Prior causally-oriented research has estimated cues’ effects in exogenous networks, but not in the naturally-occurring communication networks that legislators themselves choose to form. This study examines cue-taking with two legislative field experiments, with over 2,000 observations in total, that model the diffusion of a randomly-assigned information treatment across an endogenous legislative network. Experimental results reinforce findings from classic interview-based studies of self-selected communication networks by Matthews and Stimson (1975) and Kingdon (1973): cue-taking influences a large percentage of policy positions and occurs late in the policymaking process. I also contribute to the literature by showing that on average cues complement, rather than substitute for, policy information from other sources of expertise within the legislature.
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Zagvazdin, Evgeniy P. "On the variations of the deceased's Arm position in the Russian Orthodox burial custom". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n. 476 (2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/476/4.
Abstract (sommario):
In this article, I aim to conduct a comparative analysis of the deceased's arm positions (taking gender and age specifications into account) and define their distinct features. The burials examined are located in the Dormition Cathedral of St. Sophia, Tobolsk, and dated to the 17th century. The relevance of this study relies on examining one of the most important elements of the Orthodox funeral rites, the deceased's arm position, while simultaneously regarding age and gender specifications of funeral rites. The earlier studies researched these subjects separately. In order to define the region-specific features of the arm position variations, the frequency of their occurrences is also compared against the published data regarding other Christian burial sites in Northwest Russia, the Cis-Ural region, and Western Siberia, dated to the 16th-19th centuries. The research material comes from the excavations conducted by A. Adamov in 2005 at the cemetery grounds overlapped by the Dormition Cathedral of St. Sophia, Tobolsk (1683-1686). For the analysis, I selected 38 burials located in the western part of the cathedral grounds and outside them, under the parvis foundation. The skeletons' good preservation with the original position of bones intact enabled me to select such a number of burials for the analysis. All the burials analyzed had age and gender specifications. In order to organize different arm position variations into groups, I opted for a vertical division of the human body as per the principles of topographical anatomy. Three arm position groups were distinguished: arms on the abdomen or below the chest, arms crossed on the chest at the heart area, and a mixed position (the abdomen - the middle/upper part of the chest, the shoulder). By conducting a comparative age and gender analysis of arm positions discovered at the Dormition Cathedral's cemetery, I found that arms positioned on the abdomen and parallel to each other was the typical position for children. Arm positions among adults offered more variety. I should note that the position with arms crossed on the chest was typical for some of the male burials but did not occur in female burials. The positions from the other two groups occurred with similar frequency for both genders, taking into account the 2:1 male to female burial ratio in this cemetery. The comparison of arm position groups and variations in the burials at the Dormition Cemetery against the data from other burial sites dated to roughly the same time period and located in Northwest Russia, the Cis-Ural region, and Western Siberia, did not enable me to define any distinct region-specific features. In general, the frequency of the occurring arm position variations fluctuates considerably in different regions. It is evident that the positions with arms across the abdomen, below the waist, and on the chest are by far the most common ones. The mixed position occurs the least often.
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Lee, Song Ho. "Policy Conflict and its Settlement in Korea: The Case of Regulatory Reform". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 8 (31 dicembre 1993): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps08004.
Abstract (sommario):
Policy making can be defined as the specification of policy content, a set of policy goals and instruments. This specification can be made through two stages: position taking and coordination. Usually due to their interests and values, major policy actors in the policy making process have not only concern for the content of the policy to be made but also some ideas and preference for it. They internally transform these ideas and preferences into their policy positions, and then push their positions externally against other incompatible positions. When policy actors push different policy positions from somewhat independent power bases, policy conflict ensues. Coordination among them is needed. The outcome of policy coordination can not always be the same as each actor intends. Original policy content can be maintained, or partially deleted from or added to, or changed into completely new one, or evaporated into the air. More than two policy positions can be coordinated in integrative or distributive fashion.
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Du, Xiaochen, Yilei Zheng e Hailin Feng. "Optimizing Sensor Positions in the Stress Wave Tomography of Internal Defects in Hardwood". Forests 15, n. 3 (1 marzo 2024): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030465.
Abstract (sommario):
Stress wave tomography technology uses instruments to collect stress wave velocity data via sensors, visualizes those velocity data, and reconstructs an image of internal defects using estimated velocity distribution. This technology can be used to detect the size, position, and shape of internal defects in hardwood, and it has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. In order to obtain enough stress wave signals, 12 sensors are usually equidistantly positioned around the cross-section of trunks like a clock. Although this strategy is reasonable and convenient, it is obviously not the optimal signal acquisition strategy for all defects. In this paper, a novel sensor position’s optimization method for high-quality stress wave tomography is proposed. The relationship between the shape of defects and the planar distribution of sensors is established by taking the ray penetration ratio and degree of equidistant distribution of sensors as indicators. Through the construction of the fitness function and optimization conditions, the optimal strategy for the planar distribution of sensors was determined using the Genetic Algorithm. Seven samples containing simulated defects and real tree trunks were used to test the proposed algorithm, and the comparison results show that the image of internal defects in hardwood can be reconstructed with high accuracy after optimizing the sensor positions.
41
Sieh, Koon-Man, Yue-Yan Chan, Po-Yan Ho e Kwai-Yau Fung. "What is the best lateral radiograph positioning technique for assessment of sagittal balance: A biomechanical study on influence of different arm positions". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 26, n. 2 (1 maggio 2018): 230949901877093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499018770932.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose: To evaluate the influence of different arm postures from the physiological standing position using force plate analysis of the gravity line. Methods: Forty healthy volunteered university students were enrolled. Each subject assumed different standing positions including standing with arms resting on the side (control), with fist over the clavicle (clavicular position), with active shoulder flexion in 30°, 60° and 90° with elbows extended (active flexion A), with hand rest on a bar with a static support (passive flexion P), and with hand rest on a bar with a drip stand (passive flexion D). The offset of the gravity line from the heel was measured by force plate analysis. The offset of the gravity line in different arm positions was compared with the control using paired t-test. Results: The mean anterior offset of the gravity line in control position is 39.80% of the foot length. All testing positions showed anterior shift of the gravity line compared with the control position from 0.51% to 7.50%. There were statistically significant changes of the gravity line from the control position in all ( p < 0.05), except in the clavicular position ( p = 0.249). Conclusion: All testing positions cause anterior shifting of the center of gravity from the physiological standing position. Clavicular position is the best comparable posture to the physiological standing position in taking a lateral radiograph. We recommend using the clavicular position as the standard testing position in the assessment of the sagittal profile.
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A, Cywinski. "Visual Function after Implantation of Multifocal Lens ACUNEX® VARIOMAX, Positioned in Two Variants, According to the Axis of Angle Kappa". Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology 7, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajo-16000240.
Abstract (sommario):
ACUNEX® VARIOMAX, an asymmetric multifocal lens was positioned in the eye in two extreme positions, adequately to the axis of angle kappa. This positioning was to answer the question whether the asymmetry of the lens structure in combination with the asymmetry of the position and the size of the pupil will have an impact on the obtained visual acuity to far and near distances. In the first variant, the part of the lens responsible for vision to far distances was more exposed in the pupil, while in the second - the part responsible for vision to near distances was positioned in this way. Taking into account the size of angle kappa, not exceeding the value of 0.640 mm, moderate, statistically significant correlations were found between the size of the pupil and the visual acuity to near distances in one position and to far distances in the other position. There were no statistically significant differences in the obtained values of visual acuity for both studied groups
43
Easterday, Matthew W., Yanna Krupnikov, Colin Fitzpatrick, Salwa Barhumi e Alexis Hope. "Political Agenda". International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 9, n. 3 (luglio 2017): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgcms.2017070102.
Abstract (sommario):
Engaged citizenship requires understanding why different ideologies lead to different policy positions. However, we know little about political perspective taking. How might we use games to teach citizens political perspective taking? This paper describes a design research project to develop a cognitive game for political perspective taking. Study 1 describes a political perspective taking measure created through expert and novice task analysis. Study 2 surveyed 187 undergraduate students and found relatively poor political perspective taking ability. Study 3 tests an educational game for political perspective taking and found that the game was engaging but did not promote learning. Study 4 describes a technical exploration testing the feasibility of a cognitive game with intelligent tutoring for scaffolding complex reasoning on political perspectives. This work argues games can teach political perspective taking using: (a) moral foundations theory, (b) fantasy environments that ask players to predict policy positions, and (c) embedded intelligent tutors.
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Cornejo, Marcela, Carolina Rocha, Nicolás Villarroel, Enzo Cáceres e Anastassia Vivanco. "Tell me your story about the Chilean dictatorship: When doing memory is taking positions". Memory Studies 13, n. 4 (8 marzo 2018): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018761170.
Abstract (sommario):
The current memory struggles about the Chilean dictatorship makes it increasingly relevant to hear a diverse range of voices on the subject. One way of addressing this is to study autobiographical narratives, in which people construct a character to present themselves as the protagonists of a story by taking multiple positions regarding what is remembered. This article presents a study that analyzed the life stories of Chilean people (diverse in their generations, cities, experiences of political repression, political orientations and socio-economic levels) and that distinguished between the positions that they take when presenting themselves as the protagonists of an autobiographical story about the Chilean dictatorship. The results point to salient and recurrent positions that allow people to earn the right to be considered part of the social history of the dictatorship, that involve different definitions regarding those responsible and the victims of what happened, and that unveil a strong family and filial logic of remembering.
45
Sun, Qixiang. "Analysis of Business Negotiation Strategy Application -Taking Nike as an Example". Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 31, n. 1 (10 novembre 2023): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/31/20231531.
Abstract (sommario):
Nike has released its 2020 Impact Report, which reviews the achievements in the fiscal year 2020 and the achievement of previously set five-year (2016-2020) goals. Although the set goals were well underway, the company's Annual Earnings report was not satisfactory. Nike failed to meet its projected revenue of $50 billion set for 2020, so this paper analyzes and suggests how the company can effectively negotiate with organizations and customers based on Nikes interests and positions of different footwear products. Based on the growth-share matrix, Nike's footwear products are divided into four categories and how Nike shall negotiate pricing is analyzed in turn. This paper can concludes from the analysis of the four categories of footwear products that both interest-based negotiations and position-based negotiations represent Nike's overall interests. In interest-based negotiation, market research should be conducted to understand the demand for each product, and prices should be set accordingly to maximize revenue without losing customers. In position-based negotiations, the most important thing to grasp should be the hard indicator of profitability. When negotiating, Nike should set a fixed price for each product based on its own needs and goals. This price must be determined based on factors such as production costs, profit margins and product positioning. Therefore, in negotiations with suppliers and customers, Nike can change Nike's footwear pricing strategy according to its own interests and position.
46
Wolbrecht, Christina, e Michael T. Hartney. "“Ideas about Interests”: Explaining the Changing Partisan Politics of Education". Perspectives on Politics 12, n. 3 (settembre 2014): 603–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592714001613.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years, the American political parties have shifted their positions on elementary and secondary education policy, both relative to each other and to their own past positions. Established explanations for party issue position-taking privilege the influence of groups in the parties' coalitions; yet in this case, both parties have taken positions opposed by important components of their bases. We develop a general framework for understanding party issue position adoption and change that highlights the role of issue definition—the considerations, values, and goals associated with a policy debate at any one time. This framework helps us to explain the participation and preferences of groups regarding an issue; the perceived ideological fit and strategic benefits of issue positions for parties; and how parties negotiate and manage issue conflict within their coalition. We apply that framework to the case of education policy, showing how education issue definition has changed over time—from a focus on resources and equality to an emphasis on values and excellence—and how those changes have been consequential for each party's changing, and converging, positions on education policy. We conclude by discussing the potential application of our model of party issue positioning to other issues in American politics.
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Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian. "French economists and the symbolic power of (post-)national capital". Serendipities. Journal for the Sociology and History of the Social Sciences 8, n. 1-2 (30 maggio 2024): 77–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/serendipities.v8i1-2.133990.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper argues that economists’ position-taking in discourses of crises should be understood in the light of economists’ positions in the academic field of economics. This hypothesis is investigated by performing a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) on a prosopographical data set of 144 French economists who positioned themselves between 2008 and 2021 in controversies over the euro crisis, the French political economic model, and French economics. In these disciplinary controversies, different forms of (post-)national academic capital are used by economists to either initiate change or defend the status quo. These strategies are then interpreted as part of more general power struggles over the basic national or post-national constitution and legitimate governance of economy and society.
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Schönbach, C., M. Ibe, H. Shiga, Y. Takamiya, K. Miwa, K. Nokihara e M. Takiguchi. "Fine tuning of peptide binding to HLA-B*3501 molecules by nonanchor residues." Journal of Immunology 154, n. 11 (1 giugno 1995): 5951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.11.5951.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The prerequisites of peptide HLA-B*3501 interactions have been revisited by quantitative peptide binding assays with 190 chemically synthesized peptide possessing two anchor residues corresponding to the HLA-B*3501 peptide motif and a statistical residue-position analysis of binding and nonbinding peptides. According to the peptide motif of HLA-B*3501, aliphatic hydrophobic (Leu, Ile, and Met) or aromatic residues (Tyr and Phe) specify the main anchor at the C terminus, and position 2 renders an auxiliary anchor for proline. The importance of these residues was confirmed as a minimum requirement for peptide binding. Moreover, we demonstrated that high affinity peptide binding requires more than one favorable position of positions 3, 4, and 7. Aliphatic hydrophobic residues and residues that contain -OH or -SH side chains in position 3, 7, and 4 significantly enhance binding. Positions 1 and 5, or 7 may deteriorate peptide binding if these positions are held by proline and small residues (Ala and Gly) or basic residues carrying positively charged side chains (Arg and Lys), respectively. Positions 6 and 8 were statistically free of constrains. Yet, bulky aromatic residues and basic residues with a positively charged side chain at position 8 decreased the binding affinity. These findings were used to assess the predictability of binding and nonbinding peptides. Our binding predictions of 28 nonamers were verified by experimental data. Taking into account the importance of anchor and nonanchor positions in peptide binding and their practical value in peptide binding prediction, the search for peptide epitopes becomes more efficient.
49
Brader, Ted, Joshua A. Tucker e Dominik Duell. "Which Parties Can Lead Opinion? Experimental Evidence on Partisan Cue Taking in Multiparty Democracies". Comparative Political Studies 46, n. 11 (14 ottobre 2012): 1485–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414012453452.
Abstract (sommario):
Political parties not only aggregate the policy preferences of their supporters, but also have the ability to shape those preferences. Experimental evidence demonstrates that, when parties stake out positions on policy issues, partisans become more likely to adopt these positions, whether out of blind loyalty or because they infer that party endorsements signal options consistent with their interests or values. It is equally clear, however, that partisans do not always follow their party’s lead. The authors investigate the impact of three party-level traits on partisan cue taking: longevity, incumbency, and ideological clarity. As parties age, voters may become more certain of both the party’s reputation and their own allegiance. Governing parties must take action and respond to events, increasing the likelihood of compromise and failure, and therefore may dilute their reputation and disappoint followers. Incumbency aside, some parties exhibit greater ambiguity in their ideological position than other parties, undermining voter certainty about the meaning of cues. The authors test these hypotheses with experiments conducted in three multiparty democracies (Poland, Hungary, and Great Britain). They find that partisans more strongly follow their party’s lead when that party is older, in the opposition, or has developed a more consistent ideological image. However, the impact of longevity vanishes when the other factors are taken into account. Underscoring the importance of voter (un)certainty, ideologically coherent opposition parties have the greatest capacity to shape the policy views of followers.
50
Qin, Bo Ying, e Xian Kun Lin. "Application of Integer-Coded Genetic Algorithm to Optimal Sensor Placement". Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (luglio 2011): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1114.
Abstract (sommario):
In the dynamic testing, the sensor positions have a major influence on the quality of the experimental modal parameters of a tested structure. In order to dispose sensors to reasonable degrees of freedom (DOF), and reflect adequately the dynamic characteristics of tested structure, the sensor positions must be optimized. In this paper, taking the combination of MAC matrix and Fisher information matrix (FIM) as optimization criteria, the integer-coded genetic algorithm (IGA) was applied to optimal sensor position problem (OSPP). The effect of optimization criteria and optimal method to optimal sensor positions were discussed. According to the results, the following conclusion is obtained: using MAC and FIM as optimal criteria, introducing the IGA into the OSPP, the optimal sensor positions can ensure the better linear independence of the mode shape vectors and the better estimation of the experimental modal parameters. Comparing with three existing optimal sensor placement methods, which are Guyan, effective independence (EI), and cumulative method based on QR decomposition (CQRD), their results of the optimal sensor positions indicated that the IGA is better than them.