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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pork sausage"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pork sausage"

Guntarti, Any, Mustofa Ahda e Aprilia Kusbandari. "Determining fatty acids and halal authentication of sausage". Food Research 4, n. 2 (17 novembre 2019): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).261.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sausages are instant food that requires the halal attention for a Muslim. In general, nonhalal issues are usually associated with pig derivatives. One of the pig derivates is lard that can be analyzed using GC-MS via a transesterification catalyzed with a base catalyst like sodium methoxide 2%. This study indicated that pork sausage has different fatty acids compared with beef sausage. The pork sausage contained the dominant fatty acids such as palmitic acid (37.75%), myristic acid (22.24%), oleic acid (25.29%), and lauric acid (8.46%). Whereas, beef sausage has the dominant fatty acids of palmitic acid (42.31%), oleic acid (20.19%), stearic acid (10.92%) and myristic acid (7.66%). The commercial sausages 1, 2, and 3 have similar dominant fatty acids such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid compared with fatty acid types in beef sausage. The discriminant analysis also showed that the beef sausage is separated location from pork sausage and all samples are not containing the pork or lard because they are far away from pork sausage.

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Shang, Feifei, Tetyana Kryzhska e Zhenhua Duan. "Effects of adding different contents of pig rind on physical and chemical properties and sensory qualities of wheat bran chicken sausage". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, n. 11 (118) (30 agosto 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.261102.

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Chicken sausage is one of the very popular meat products. In order to change the nutritional composition of chicken sausage and increase the content of dietary fiber, we add bran, but it affects the textural properties of chicken sausage. Pork rind is rich in collagen and is a natural and safe food gel. Pork rind content affects the cooking loss, color, TPA, moisture distribution and sensory evaluation results of cooked sausage products. In this study, six different pigskin content treatment experiments were set up: 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 %. This research shows that adding pork rind can reduce cooking loss during the sausage heating process. As more pork rind was added, the L* and b* values of minced meat and chicken sausage gradually increased, while the a* value gradually decreased. The chewiness of the sausages in the test group was significantly reduced (p<0.05), except for T1, while the elasticity, recovery, and cohesiveness did not change significantly (p>0.05), and the hardness value increased significantly (p<0.05). The hardness of the sausages increased significantly (except in T5). Compared with the control group, the relaxation times of hydrated water and immobilized water in the treatment group became shorter, while the relaxation times of free water shifted to a longer direction. Sensory evaluation revealed that the hardness score of the T5 group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Based on these results, the sausage quality of the T3 group (pork rind 15 %) was the highest. This study improves the gel properties of bran chicken sausage, provides scientific data support for the application of pork rind in chicken sausage, improving the application value of pork rind.

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Mazhangara, Irene Rumbidzai, Eliton Chivandi e Ishmael Festus Jaja. "Consumer Preference for the Chevon Sausage in Blind and Nonblind Sensory Evaluations: A Comparative Study". International Journal of Food Science 2022 (29 luglio 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8736932.

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There are strong perceptions regarding chevon consumption, with its strong aroma and smell and its stringiness and gaminess being chief among them. Processing chevon into by-products has resolved this negative perception associated with fresh chevon. A blind and nonblind comparative sensory evaluation was performed to investigate participant preference for the chevon sausage versus pork and beef sausages. The sausages were made from minced shoulder meat. After grilling the sausages, they were cut into 0.5 cm thick slices. There were 52 and 20 participants in the blind and nonblind sensory evaluations, respectively. Using a 9-point hedonic scale, the participants evaluated each sausage for its juiciness, flavor, tenderness, and overall satisfaction. During the blind sensory evaluation, the participants were also asked to identify one of the most distinct sausages since the identity of the sausages was not known. The results showed no significant differences ( P > 0.05 ) in the preferences for any of the sausages during the blind sensory evaluation. The choice for the most distinct sausage showed that pork (57.69%), beef (32.69%), and chevon (9.62%) sausages were all recognized. In the nonblind sensory, knowledge of the identity of the sausage significantly ( P < 0.05 ) influenced South African participants’ liking of the chevon sausage, with pork and chevon being the most and least liked sausages, respectively.

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Hu, Hewen, Yue Li, Long Zhang, Huajie Tu, Xinyu Wang, Lili Ren, Siqi Dai e Liyan Wang. "Use of Tremella as Fat Substitute for the Enhancement of Physicochemical and Sensory Profiles of Pork Sausage". Foods 10, n. 9 (13 settembre 2021): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092167.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pork fat in sausage was replaced by tremella at different proportions during the process, and the physicochemical and sensory profiles of pork sausage were evaluated. Five recipes with the replacement proportion of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% tremella were manufactured, and their proximate compositions, water activities, textures, colors, water holding capacities (WHC), and amino acid compositions were investigated. The results showed that the protein, ash and moisture content, lightness, redness, and WHC of pork sausages were increased (p < 0.05), and textural profile analysis (TPA) and sensory quality of the sausage were improved (p < 0.05). In addition, the content of essential amino acids (lysine and isoleucine) and the non-essential amino acids (proline and tyrosine) of sausages were increased (p < 0.05). The sausage had the best sensory performance when the replacement ratio of tremella was 75%. These results indicated that replacing fat with tremella could be a valid way to obtain nutritional and healthy sausage.

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Guntarti, Any, Mustofa Ahda e Neng Sunengsih. "Identification of lard on grilled beef sausage product and steamed beef sausage product using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with chemometric combination". Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, n. 1 (28 ottobre 2019): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1162.

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Many issues are spreading about the use of lard in food, one of it is sausage. Sausage is one of the processed foods which are prone of containing pork. In Indonesia, grilled and steamed sausages are popular for children and adults. One of the method which is developed to analyze fat in grilled and steamed sausage products was FTIR spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics. This research aims to develop an analysis method using FTIR spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics to analyze lard content in grilled and steamed beef sausage. Reference sausage made from a mixture of pork and beef. This research was designed by making each 7 concentrations variants of pork and steamed sausage samples (100%, 75%, 65%, 50%, 35%, 25% and 0%). Five samples from market were taken from various beef sausage traders. The fat extraction used n-hexane solvent at the temperature of 70 °C for 5 hours. The extracted fat was analyzed by FTIR spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics. The results of spectrum were analyzed using Horizon MBTM to obtain optimum wave number of steamed sausages in the range of 1000 – 791 cm-1 and grilled sausages in the range of 1070 – 796 cm-1. The analysis of steamed sausage with Partial Least Square (PLS) is obtained the equation y = 0.9977x + 0.1166; and the value of R2 0.9977; RMSEC 1.22%; RMSEP 0.22%; and RMSECV 1.26%. The PLS analysis of grilled sausage is obtained the equation y = 0.9972x + 0.1379; and the value of R2 0.9972; RMSEC 1.27%; RMSEP 0.42%; and RMSECV 0.18%. The conclusion of this research is that the FTIR method combined with chemometrics is the proper method for analyzing fat in sausages. The analysis result using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was obtained from 3 of 5 samples in the market which had the similar physicochemical properties of lard sausage.

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MÜRMANN, LISANDRA, LUIS GUSTAVO CORBELLINI, ALEXANDRE ÁVILA COLLOR e MARISA CARDOSO. "Quantitative Risk Assessment for Human Salmonellosis through the Consumption of Pork Sausage in Porto Alegre, Brazil". Journal of Food Protection 74, n. 4 (1 aprile 2011): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-339.

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A quantitative microbiology risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the risk of Salmonella infection to consumers of fresh pork sausages prepared at barbecues in Porto Alegre, Brazil. For the analysis, a prevalence of 24.4% positive pork sausages with a level of contamination between 0.03 and 460 CFU g−1 was assumed. Data related to frequency and habits of consumption were obtained by a questionnaire survey given to 424 people. A second-order Monte Carlo simulation separating the uncertain parameter of cooking time from the variable parameters was run. Of the people interviewed, 87.5% consumed pork sausage, and 85.4% ate it at barbecues. The average risk of salmonellosis per barbecue at a minimum cooking time of 15.6 min (worst-case scenario) was 6.24 × 10−4, and the risk assessed per month was 1.61 × 10−3. Cooking for 19 min would fully inactivate Salmonella in 99.9% of the cases. At this cooking time, the sausage reached a mean internal temperature of 75.7°C. The results of the quantitative microbiology risk assessment revealed that the consumption of fresh pork sausage is safe when cooking time is approximately 19 min, whereas undercooked pork sausage may represent a nonnegligible health risk for consumers.

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Chang, Shun-Hsien, Ching-Hung Chen e Guo-Jane Tsai. "Effects of Chitosan on Clostridium perfringens and Application in the Preservation of Pork Sausage". Marine Drugs 18, n. 2 (22 gennaio 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18020070.

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The effects of chitosan with 95% deacetylation degree (DD95) on the spore germination, cell proliferation, and heat resistance of Clostridium perfringens CCRC 10,648 and CCRC 13,019 were investigated, and its application on pork sausage with sodium nitrite reduction was also evaluated. DD95 chitosan can strongly reduce the heat resistance of both strains. The D80 and D100 values for strain CCRC 13,019 decreased from 40.98 and 4.64 min to 39.21 and 3.26 min, respectively, as a result of adding 250 ppm DD95; meanwhile, addition of chitosan decreased the D80 and D100 values for CCRC 10,648 from 41.15 and 6.46 min to 39.52 and 3.78 min, respectively. In pork sausage, addition of 3000 ppm DD95 chitosan considerably slowed down the bacterial proliferation and volatile basic nitrogen production. There were no significant differences in color (L* and b* values), shearing force, and hardness in the pork sausages with or without DD95 chitosan during storage at 4 and 25 °C. However, the addition of DD95 chitosan in pork sausage significantly retarded the decrease of the a* value. Therefore, DD95 chitosan could reduce the concentration of sodium nitrite required in pork sausages for color retention.

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Hardoyono, Fajar. "PENGEMBANGAN PUSAT STUDI PENELITIAN PRODUK HALAL BERBASIS PENGUJIAN SAINTIFIK [STUDI KASUS PENGUJIAN PRODUK HALAL PADA MAKANAN MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN GC/MS, FTIR, PCR DAN ELECTRONIC NOSE]". Jurnal Penelitian Agama 16, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2015): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jpa.v16i1.2015.pp106-119.

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Abstract: This article discusses the testing of food products processed meat using real time PCR instrument, an infrared spectrophotometer FTIR, GCMS, and electronic nose. Samples tested were processed meat products that include pure beef, mutton pure, pure pork, beef sausage, chicken sausage, goat sausage, pork sausage, veal nuggets, chicken nuggets, as well as processed products deliberately contaminated with the pigs. Testing of samples using four types of instruments that includes real-time PCR, spectrophotometry infrared FTIR, GC/MS, and the electronic nose was able to distinguish good quantitative differences between one sample with another sample. In the sample testing of food products manufactured by large-scale manufacturer of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and have not labeled halal, researchers have not found contamination pork elements on sausages nuggets, beef, and meatballs products. Keywords: Authentication Halal, Real Time PCR, FTIR, GC/MS, E-nose, Meat

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Torrieri, E., F. Russo, R. Di Monaco, S. Cavella, F. Villani e F. Masi. "Shelf Life Prediction of Fresh Italian Pork Sausage Modified Atmosphere Packed". Food Science and Technology International 17, n. 3 (giugno 2011): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013210382328.

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The shelf life of fresh Italian pork sausages packed in modified atmosphere was studied. Samples were packed using different levels of oxygen (high and low) with different levels of carbon dioxide (high-low) in the atmospheres headspace and were stored at 4 °C for 9 days. Microbial, physiochemical and sensory parameters were analyzed during storage. A consumer test was performed to determine the critical acceptability levels. Sensory data were mathematically modelled to estimate product shelf life. A first-order kinetic model and a Weibull-type model aptly described, respectively, the changes in fresh pork sausage odor and color over storage time. These models may be used to predict the sensory shelf life of fresh pork sausage. Results showed that 20% O2 and 70% CO2 extend fresh pork sausage shelf life to 9 days at 4 °C. The microbial quality of the samples at the critical sensory level of acceptability was within the range of microbial acceptability.

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Tangkham, Wannee, e Frederick LeMieux. "The Effects of Replacing Pork Fat with Cold-Pressed Coconut Oil on the Properties of Fresh Sausage". Journal of Food Research 6, n. 6 (18 novembre 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n6p83.

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The effects of substituting coconut oil on the chemical composition, microorganism, and sensory properties of fresh sausages were investigated. This experiment evaluated three (0, 10%, 20%) levels of cold-pressed coconut oil (CPCO) and pork fat stored at 3°C for 14 days. The following treatments: 1) control (20% pork fat: 0% CPCO), 2) 0% pork fat: 20% CPCO and 3) 10% pork fat: 10% CPCO were replicated three times. Treatments were analyzed for pH value, % moisture content, % drip loss, lipid stability (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances TBARS), aerobic plate counts, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and sensory analysis. The initial moisture content of fresh sausage in this experiment ranged from 63.44 to 65.67%. Fresh sausage with 20% CPCO inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria and obtained the highest TBARS values (4.25 mg MDA/kg) compared to the control treatment. In addition, fresh sausage (10% pork fat and 10% CPCO) decreased the % drip loss, pH value and obtained the highest overall rating (6.45) of sensory testing (n = 75). No E. coli and S. aureus were found in this study for 14 d at 3°C.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Pork sausage"

Somkhumphee, Yuphin. "Development of reduced energy Thai style fresh pork sausages". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/612.

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The development of a reduced energy Thai style fresh pork sausage has been achieved by replacing fat with carbohydrate and water. Replacing fat in the processed meat formulation with other ingredients is known to alter the product qualities. The addition of carbohydrate, namely mung bean vermicelli, as a fat replacement is suggested to improve the water holding capacity, cooking yield and textural properties as well as reduce the fat and total energy content. This research developed a standard processing methodology for a characteristic Thai fresh pork sausage. The research evaluated the potential of mung bean vermicelli in the formulation of a reduced energy Thai style fresh pork sausage. The reduced energy sausage was developed by replacing fat with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% soaked mung bean vermicelli. Quality characteristics of the sausages (chemical, textural and sensory) were evaluated and compared with control sausages (20% fat). The results of the present study indicated that soaked mung bean vermicelli offset many of the characteristic changes usually brought about by fat reduction. The sausages had a decreased cooking loss and an improved yield as well as a reduction in energy content. In addition, they maintained the textural and sensory characteristics of the control Thai style fresh pork sausages.

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Somkhumphee, Yuphin, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Environment College e of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Development of reduced energy Thai style fresh pork sausages". THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Somkhumphee_Y.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/612.

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Conceição, José Manuel Monteiro Cunha Almeida. "Prevalência dos indicadores microbiológicos oficiais efectuados em salsicha fresca no âmbito do controlo obrigatório. Uma amostragem de 2007 a 2011 em indústrias da região de Lisboa, Lezíria-Tejo e Oeste". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5333.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Fresh sausage is considered a meat preparation, recognized as a vehicle for Salmonella and constitutes a danger to public health. The research of this pathogen is required by European Regulation (EC) 1441/2007, and its absence in 10g of the product is considered satisfactory. The regulation stated, also sets a criterion of hygiene based on the level of Escherichia coli, considered the best indicator of fecal contamination. In the first part of this study was made a summary of sanitary and hygiene features of fresh sausage production as well own-checks system and legislation aspects. In the second part, are analyze the results of 1705 samples collected over five years (2007-2011), in eight fresh sausage manufacturers installed in Lisbon, west and Leziria-Tejo region . The food safety of meat preparation is characterized here. In the context of the assessment of results, 4.9 % were unsatisfactory to safety criteria (Salmonella), representing a considerable risk to public health. For the hygiene criteria (Escherichia coli) it is found 76 % results satisfactory, 8 % acceptable and 16 % unsatisfactory. The unsatisfactory express some inconsistency in the application of good hygiene practices. It is finally presented some suggestions for improving the microbiological safety of fresh sausage.

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Murmann, Lisandra. "Avaliação de risco de infecção por Salmonella sp. em consumidores de lingüiça frescal de carne suína em Porto Alegre, RS". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12927.

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O isolamento de Salmonella enterica em suínos abatidos tem sido reportado no sul do Brasil, o que torna a carne suína uma fonte potencial de contaminação para os consumidores. Nesse contexto, o trabalho propôs estimar o risco da ocorrência de infecção alimentar pelo consumo de lingüiça frescal suína, através da análise de dados de prevalência, quantificação, cinética de crescimento e destruição e de surtos alimentares que envolveram Salmonella no Rio Grande do Sul. Das 336 amostras de lingüiça frescal de carne suína adquiridas no comércio, 24,4% apresentaram Salmonella sp. com contagens variando entre 0,03 e 460 Número mais Provável (NMP).g-1, com mediana de 0,23 NMP.g-1. Os sorovares mais prevalentes foram Brandenburg, Derby, Panama e Typhimurium. Em simulações de crescimento e destruição realizadas em caldo nutriente, isolados dos 12 sorovares encontrados no produto, apresentaram cinética de crescimento semelhante em temperatura ambiente. Até duas horas todos os sorotipos permaneceram em fase lag e, após, iniciou-se a fase exponencial. Em temperatura de refrigeração, todos os isolados mantiveram a contagem inicial até 30 dias. A destruição térmica em 60°C ocorreu após 20 minutos em todos os ensaios. As mesmas simulações foram conduzidas em amostras do produto contaminadas artificialmente com Salmonella sp. não havendo alterações significativas nas quantidades de Salmonella em temperatura ambiente e de refrigeração durante todo o período de observação. Após a preparação em forno (200°C), por 15 minutos, a população total inoculada foi destruída. Nos surtos ocorridos por Salmonella, os alimentos a base de ovos, maionese e frango predominaram. Os resultados obtidos na quantificação variaram de <3 NMP até 4,6x109.g-1desses alimentos, com mediana de 4,6x106.g-1. S. Enteritidis foi o sorovar identificado em todos os surtos, apresentando um único perfil de macro-restrição. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para simular diferentes cenários no programa @Risk. Considerando-se o costume da população estudada de ingerir este produto após tratamento térmico, o risco encontrado foi muito baixo (6,12 x 10-7). Para uma pequena parte da população que costuma ingerir o produto sem qualquer tratamento térmico, em uma simulação realizada com 10.000 refeições, poderá haver 8,78 casos da doença, considerando a ingestão de uma única unidade. Em um perfil típico de preparação e consumo de lingüiça frescal de carne suína pela população de Porto Alegre, ou seja, como acompanhamento de churrasco, após tratamento térmico mínimo de 15 minutos, calculou-se a probabilidade de ocorrência de doença.Dentre os 3.354.716,98 churrascos estimados consumidos mensalmente em Porto Alegre, o resultado do modelo indicou um mínimo de 0,01, média de 2,05 e máximo de 11,08 casos de doença por mês. Esse cenário infere que a lingüiça frescal de carne suína pode estar causando um baixo número de casos isolados em Porto Alegre, os quais podem estar sendo subnotificados.
In Southern Brazil, a high prevalence of Salmonella isolation has been reported in slaughter pigs, indicating that pork may represent a hazard to the consumers. In this sense, this study aimed to conduct a risk analysis of the consumption of pork sausage in Southern Brazil. For this purpose, Salmonella prevalence on pork sausages collected at retail level was estimated, growth and death curves for representative porcine Salmonella strains were constructed, the consumption patterns of pork sausages by the population were investigated, and foods involved in salmonellosis outbreaks were analysed. From a total of 336 samples of fresh pork sausage examined, Salmonella enterica was detected in 82 (24.4%) of the samples, with a Most Probable Number count ranging from 0.03 (MPN).g-1 to 460 MPN.g-1, and a median of 0.23 MPN .g-1. Strains belonging to serovars Brandenburg, Panama, Derby and Typhimurium were the most prevalent. Growth and death curves of 12 strains representing Salmonella serovars isolated in this study were similar in assays conducted in nutrient broth. At room temperature, all Salmonella serovars started the exponential phase after a two hours period of lag phase. Under refrigeration, all isolates mantained the initial population counts up to 30 days. The heat destruction was observed after 20 minutes in all assays. Similar assays conducted in fresh pork sausages inoculated with Salmonella demonstrated that no growth of Salmonella sp. could be detected at room temperature and under refrigeration troughout the observation period. After cooking in the oven (200°C) for 15 minutes the inoculated Salmonella population was completely destroyed. Foods containing eggs, mayonnaise or chicken were the most implicated in outbreaks investigated in Rio Grande do Sul. Salmonella counts variaded from <3 MPN to 4.6x109.g-1 of foods involved in these outbreaks, with a median value of 4.6x106.g-1. All strains were identified as S. Enteritidis, and presented a unique macrorestriction profile, demonstrating the predominance of one clonal group in foods involved in the salmonellosis outbreaks. Data obtained in the conducted assays were used to simulate different cenarios, using the @Risk software. Considering that the population usually consums pork sausage after termic treatment (roasting), the estimated risk was very low (6.12 x 10-7). Another simulation, conducted for the low percentage of the population (3%) that declared to consum raw pork sausage, indicated that for 10,000 meal consumption events of one sausage, the probability is 8.78 disease cases. Finally, considering the typical consumption pattern of pork sausage by the population of Porto Alegre city (roasted for at least 15 minutes during a barbecue called “churrasco”) the number of disease cases was simulated. Among 3,354,716.98 “churrascos” prepared monthly in Porto Alegre city, the model indicated a probability of a minimum of 0.01 cases, a media of 2.05 and a maximum of 11.08 disease cases occurring each month. Results of risk assessment show that fresh pork sausage may have been a cause of few undernotificated individual salmonellosis cases in Porto Alegre city.

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Collins, Ashley. "Quality attributes during 160 days refrigerated shelf life of a smoked, fully cooked sausage formulated with a nitrite containing pork preblend". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20554.

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Abstract (sommario):

Master of Science
Food Science Institute
Elizabeth A. Boyle
Pork preblends held for 0, 4 or 7 d were formulated into smoked sausages and analyzed for cook yield, instrumental external color, pH, salt content, proximate analysis, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), sensory analysis and purge percentage during 0, 110, 131 and 160 d display at an average 2.65 °C under fluorescent lighting. One preblend × day of display interaction was found for b* values. On display d 0, preblend d 7 was more yellow (P < 0.05) than preblend d 0 and 4; however, no differences (P > 0.05) were found for any preblends on d 110 or 160. On display d 131, preblend d 0 was more (P < 0.05) yellow than preblend d 4 but similar (P > 0.05) to preblend d 7. There was no preblend effect (P > 0.05) on any of the other attributes measured. Display day did not affect (P > 0.05) purge, pH, proximate analysis, WBSF, juiciness, saltiness or off-flavor. For color, a* and saturation index values decreased (P < 0.05) and L* increased (P < 0.05) between d 0 and 110 as well as d 110 and 131, while L*, a*, a*/b* ratio and saturation index values were similar (P > 0.05) from d 131 to 160. Hue angle value decreased from d 0 to 110 but was similar for the remaining display. A reduction (P < 0.05) in a*/b* ratio was shown from d 0 and 110 (average 0.85) to d 131 and 160 (average 0.78). There was a reduction in salt content by 0.43% and an increase in TBARS values by 0.46 mg malonaldehyde/100 g sample from d 0 compared to d 110, 131 and 160 (P < 0.05). Inconsistent differences were found for sensory panel traits bite and flavor intensity and a reduction in mouthfeel coating was found from d 0, 110 and 131 compared to 160 (P < 0.05). Therefore, preblending could be implemented without any detrimental outcome on quality or sensory attributes of skinless smoked sausage; however, as day of display increases product may become lighter, less red and more oxidized.

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Ruengwilysup, Chaowaree. "Controlling Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes in Nham, a Thai style fermented pork sausage, by lactic acid bacteria /". Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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Lobaton-Sulabo, April Shayne S. "The effects of four packaging systems and storage times on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in shelf-stable smoked pork and beef sausage sticks and whole muscle turkey jerky". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14081.

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Abstract (sommario):

Master of Science
Department of Food Science
Elizabeth A. E. Boyle
To validate how packaging and storage reduces Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) on whole muscle turkey jerky and smoked sausage sticks, four packaging systems, including heat seal (HS), heat seal with oxygen scavenger (HSOS), nitrogen flushed with oxygen scavenger (NFOS), and vacuum (VAC), and four ambient temperature storage times were evaluated. Commercially available whole turkey jerky and pork and beef smoked sausage sticks were inoculated with Lm using a dipping or hand-massaging method, respectively. There was no interaction on packaging and storage time on Lm reduction on smoked sausage sticks and an Lm log reduction of >2.0 log CFU/cm[superscript]2 was achieved in smoked sausage sticks packaged in HS, HSOS, and VAC. A >2.0 log CFU/cm[superscript]2 reduction was achieved after 24 h of ambient temperature storage, regardless of package type. NFOS was less effective in reducing Lm by more than 0.5 log CFU/cm[superscript]2 compared to HS, HSOS or VAC. After 30 d of ambient storage, Lm had been reduced by 3.3 log CFU/cm[superscript]2 for all packaging environments. In turkey jerky, Lm reduction was affected by the interaction of packaging and storage time. HS, HSOS, NFOS, or VAC in combination with 24, 48, or 72 h ambient temperature storage achieved <1.0 log CFU/cm[superscript]2. After 30 d at ambient temperature storage, Lm was reduced by >2.0 log CFU/cm[superscript]2 in HS and VAC, and could serve as a post-lethality treatment. Alternatively, processors could package turkey jerky in HSOS or NFOS in combination with 30 d ambient storage period as an antimicrobial process. Very little data has been published describing how packaging atmospheres affects Lm survival in RTE meat. The mechanism for Lm reduction under these conditions is not fully understood and additional research is needed.

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Figueiró, Lorane Sarmento. "Influência da redução do teor de nitrito de sódio na estabilidade oxidativa e avaliação microbiológica de linguiça suína frescal". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5764.

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The processing of cured meat products involves some chemical preservatives such as sodium nitrite aiming to preserve, modify sensory traits and diversify production. Addition of nitrite has been associated with a negative image as regards the health of consumers due to the formation of nitrosamine, which has led the food industry to reconsider the amount of nitrite used. Given this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sodium nitrite concentration on the oxidation stability and microbiological count of fresh pork sausage. Sausage samples containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.kg-1 sodium nitrite were prepared, vacuum-packed and stored at 5 ºC. We evaluated the lipid oxidation profile, by the number of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), color, pH, acidity and quantification of residual nitrite throughout the storage period (Days 1, 8 and 15). The microbiological evaluation was performed by counting the total coliforms (NMP.g-1); thermo-tolerant coliforms (NMP.g-1), psychrotrophic microorganisms (Log.cfu.g-1) and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (cfu.g-1) on days 0, 7 and 14. During the studied period, a TBARS of 0.24 mg.kg-1 was observed when 50 mg.kg-1 nitrite were added, and 0,09 mg.kg-1 when we utilized 200 mg.kg-1, displaying a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the number of TBARS as the sodium nitrite concentration was elevated. During the storage time, an increase (P ≤ 0.05) from 0.14 mg.kg-1 to 0.21 mg.kg-1 was observed in TBARS, demonstrating development of the lipid-peroxidation process. With regard to the objective determination of the color, increase was observed (P ≤ 0.05) in the L* values (57.77 to 59.2), whereas the b* values were found to reduce (14.9 to 13.3), and no influence (P > 0.05) of sodium nitrite was observed for any of the color parameters assessed. Although the pH and acidity values had no significant differences at the different concentrations of nitrite, they did show variation (P ≤ 0.05) during the storage period, specifically 5.78 to 5.66 and 7.95 to 9.75% lactic acid, respectively. The residual nitrite contents increased (P ≤ 0.05) from 1.95 to 6.57 mg.kg-1 on the 1st day, when the nitrite concentration rose from 50 to 200 mg.kg-1, but during the conditioning time, it reduced almost completely, presenting levels below 2 mg.kg-1 on the 15th day. In the microbiological evaluation of the fresh pork sausage, counts lower than 1 × 103 NMP.g-1 were observed for total and thermo-tolerant coliforms; for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus all the results were negative, showing it to be in accordance with the Brazilian legislation. At the count of psychrotrophic microorganisms, all treatments presented counts above 6 Log cfu.g-1. Given the aforementioned results, we conclude that all treatments showed to be stable at lipid peroxidation and microbiological evaluation. Thus, it may be possible to reduce the sodium nitrite concentrations used in the preparation of fresh pork sausage. However, before adopting this measure, more studies should be conducted to evaluate the influence of nitrite concentrations on the other variables associated with preservation and safety of fresh pork sausage
Durante o processamento de produtos cárneos curados são utilizados alguns conservantes químicos como o nitrito de sódio, com o objetivo de conservar, alterar características sensoriais e diversificar a produção. A adição de nitrito tem sido associada a uma imagem negativa em relação a saúde dos consumidores devido a formação de nitrosaminas, o que tem levado a indústria de alimentos a reconsiderar a quantidade de nitrito utilizada. Considerando essa abordagem, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar a influência da concentração do nitrito de sódio na estabilidade oxidativa e na contagem microbiológica da linguiça suína frescal. Foram elaborados amostras de linguiça com 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg.kg-1 de nitrito de sódio, que foram embaladas a vácuo e armazenadas a temperatura de 5ºC. Foram avaliados o perfil de oxidação lipídica, por meio do número de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), a cor, o pH, a acidez e a quantificação de nitrito residual ao longo do período de armazenamento (Dias 1, 8 e 15). A avaliação microbiológica foi feita por meio de contagens de coliformes totais (NMP.g-1); coliformes termotolerantes (NMP.g-1), microrganismos psicrotróficos (Log.UFC.g-1) e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (UFC.g-1) nos dias 0, 7 e 14. Durante o período estudado, observou-se número de TBARS de 0,24 mg.kg-1, quando adicionou-se 50 mg.kg-1 de nitrito e 0,09 mg.kg-1, quando utilizou-se 200 mg.kg-1, verificando-se uma redução (P ≤ 0,05) no número de TBARS com o aumento da concentração de nitrito de sódio. Durante o tempo de armazenamento foi observado um aumento (P ≤ 0,05) nos valores de TBARS, de 0,14 mg.kg-1 para 0,21 mg.kg-1, evidenciando que houve desenvolvimento do processo de oxidação lipídica. Com relação à determinação objetiva da cor, foi observado durante o tempo avaliado, aumento (P ≤ 0,05) dos valores de L* de 57,77 para 59,2, e redução (P ≤ 0,05) dos valores de b* de 14,9 para 13,3, não sendo observada influência (P > 0,05) do nitrito de sódio em nenhum dos parâmetros de cor avaliados. Embora os valores de pH e acidez não tenham tido diferenças significativas nas distintas concentrações de nitrito, apresentaram variação (P ≤ 0,05) durante o período de armazenamento, verificando valores de 5,78 para 5,66 e 7,95 para 9,75 % de ácido lático, respectivamente. Os teores de nitrito residual aumentaram (P ≤ 0,05) de 1,95 para 6,57 mg.kg-1 no 1º dia, quando a concentração de nitrito se elevou de 50 para 200 mg.kg-1, mas durante o tempo de acondicionamento, reduziu-se quase que completamente, apresentando níveis menores que 2 mg.kg-1 no 15º dia. Durante a avaliação microbiológica da linguiça suína frescal, observou-se contagens para coliformes totais e termotolerantes inferiores a 1 x 103 NMP.g-1 e para Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, todos os resultados foram negativos, mostrando-se em acordo com a legislação brasileira. Na contagem de microrganismos psicrotróficos, todos os tratamentos apresentaram contagens superiores a 6 Log UFC.g-1. Diante dos resultados apresentados, conclui-se que todos os tratamentos apresentaram-se estáveis à oxidação lipídica e à avaliação microbiológica. Assim, poderia ser possível reduzir as concentrações de nitrito de sódio usadas no preparo da linguiça suína frescal. Porém, antes de adotar esta medida, são necessários mais estudos para avaliar a influência das concentrações de nitrito sobre outras variáveis associadas à conservação e segurança da linguiça suína frescal

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Kruger, Monika Francisca. "Controle de Listeria monocytogenes em lingüiça frescal refrigerada através do uso de óleo essencial de orégano e nisina". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-13092006-110306/.

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Listeria monocytogenes é conhecida como um importante patógeno causador de doenças transmitidas por alimentos na última década. Apesar do número de casos por ano ser relativamente baixo, a infecção pode ser grave, com mortalidades acima de 30%. Pesquisas realizadas no Brasil relataram uma incidência de 32% em amostras de produtos cárneos, e o microrganismo foi encontrado em 80% das amostras lingüiças frescal de carne suína. Apesar dos recentes avanços nas tecnologias de controle de patógenos em alimentos, os consumidores têm procurado alimentos \"naturais\", isto é, submetidos a tratamentos menos agressivos e isentos de conservadores químicos. Antimicrobianos naturais são uma opção interessante, mas sua aplicação requer uma melhor compreensão de sua funcionalidade nos alimentos. Os óleos essenciais e seus compostos fenólicos estão se tornando agentes antimicrobianos naturais bastante populares, assim como a nisina, uma bacteriocina produzida por Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida para avaliar o efeito de óleo essencial de orégano (O.E.O.) e de nisina, individualmente ou em combinação, na inibição da multiplicação de Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in vitro (meio de cultura) e in situ -(lingüiça frescal suína). A atividade inibitória foi testada pela metodologia de difusão em poços, e os halos de inibição foram medidos 24 horas após a incubação à 37ºC. Foram testadas as concentrações 0,05%, 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3%, 0,4% e 0,5% (v/v) de O.E.O. e 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 e 2000 ppm de nisina. Quando o óleo essencial foi usado em combinação com a nisina foi observado um efeito sinérgico na inibição de L. monocytogenes. As concentrações que apresentaram o maior efeito contra o patógeno nos testes in vitro, ou seja 0,5% (v/v) O.E.O. com 200 ppm de nisina, foram utilizadas nos experimentos com três formulações diferentes lingüiça frescal, contendo pernil de porco, sal (2%), nitrito (0,015%), condimentos, emulsificantes e antioxidantes, experimentalmente contaminadas com L. monocytogenes Scott A (106 UFC/g). A multiplicação do patógeno foi monitorada no produto refrigerado a 5oC por até 10 dias, através da contagem em placas. Controles sem antimicrobianos também foram estudados. Os resultados indicaram que o O.E.O., usado isoladamente, não conferiu proteção ao alimento. A nisina causou uma redução de 2 log imediatamente após o contato com o microrganismo, mas durante o armazenamento, as células sobreviventes apresentaram a mesma taxa de multiplicação que na lingüiça controle (??0,05), mantendo as contagens 2 log inferiores as do controle por até 9 dias. Quando os dois antimicrobianos foram usados em combinação, a redução imediata após o contato foi de 4 log, e, quando comparado ao controle, a taxa de multiplicação durante o armazenamento a 5oC foi significativamente mais altas que no controle (??0,05). Entretanto, as amostras de lingüiça contendo esses antimicrobianos nas concentrações testadas não foram aprovadas nos testes sensoriais de aceitação (??0,05). Esses resultados indicam que a combinação desses antimicrobianos pode ser utilizada como uma barreira adicional para a multiplicação de L.monocytogenes em lingüiça frescal suína, mas os atributos sensoriais que conferem ao produto podem limitar sua aplicação.
Listeria monocytogenes has been recognized as an important foodborne pathogen for the past decade. Although the number of cases per annum is relatively low, the infections can be acute, with mortality up to 30%. In Brazil, some works reported that 32% of dairy meat products were contaminated with L. monocytogenes, and this organism was found in 80% of fresh pork sausage. In spite of modern improvements in food production techniques, the consumers are seeking for \"natural\" food products, i.e., not submitted to aggressive treatments or added of chemical preservatives. Natural antimicrobials are a promising option, but their application requires a better understanding of their functionality in foods. Naturally occurring antimicrobial agents, such as essential oils and their phenolic components, are becoming increasingly popular as preservation agents. Other compound with increased application in foods is nisin, a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of oregano essential oil (O.E.O.) and nisin, individually or in combination, on the inhibition of growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in vitro (agar culture medium) and in situ (fresh pork sausage). The inhibitory activity was tested by the well diffusion method, measuring the inhibition halos after 24hours incubation at 37ºC. The concentrations tested were 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% (v/v) for OEO and 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 ppm for nisin. When the essential oil was used in combination with nisin, a synergistic effect was observed for L. monocytogenes, i.e., the oil enhanced the activity of the bacteriocin. The combination 0.5% (v/v) O.E.O. with 200 ppm nisin presented the best results and was used to test the functionality in fresh pork sausage prepared with three different formulations, containing deboned minced pork meat, 2% salt and 0.015% nitrite, plus spices, emulsifier and antioxidant, and experimentally contaminated with L. monocytogenes Scott A (106 CFU/g). The growth of the pathogen was monitored in the refrigerated product (5oC) up to 10 days, by means of plate counting. Controls without antimicrobials were included in the experiments. Results indicated that O.E.O., used alone, was not effective. Nisin alone caused a 2-log reduction immediately after contact, but during storage the surviving cells presented the same multiplication rate as in the control (? ? 0.5), keeping the counts 2 log lower up to 9 days. When used in combination, the two antimicrobials caused a 4-log count reduction immediately after addition and, when compared to the control, the multiplication rate of the surviving cells during storage under refrigeration up to 10 days was significantly higher (? ? 0.5). However, samples containing these antimicrobials in the tested concentrations failed the sensorial acceptance tests (? ? 0.5). These results indicate that the combination of these antimicrobials can be an additional hurdle for the control of L. monocytogenes in fresh pork sausages, but the final sensorial attributes of the product may hamper their application.

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Scapin, Gabrielle. "AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIMICROBIANA DO EXTRATO DE SEMENTE DE CHIA E SUA APLICAÇÃO EM LINGUIÇA FRESCAL". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5753.

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The present study had as object verify the antioxidant activity of chia seed extracts (Sálvia hispânica) and its antioxidant effect in pork sausage. First of all, it was held the chemical composition of the chia seed. It presented high dietary fiber content, protein and lipids and low moisture content. After that, it was elaborated hydroethanolic extracts by stirring, using different ethanol concentrations and temperatures. In the extracts obtained were performed analyzes to measure total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in vitro through DPPH and FRAP methods. The extract obtained from stirring using ethanol 80% as solvent and 60ºC temperature, was the one that got the best antioxidants features, so, this one was applied in concentrations of 1%, 1,5% and 2% in pork sausages. To characterize the meat product, were held analyzes to measure pH, color, TBARS values and microbiological analysis. The sensorial analysis was evaluated by the test of acceptability with hedonic scale of seven points, and purchase intent test. The results obtained in the proximate composition, as well as in the microbiological analyzes to positive Staphylococcus coagulase, coliforms between 35ºC and 45ºC, Samonella sp e Clostridium sulfito products reducer are according to what is required by Brazilian law. The sausage pH showed an increase throughout time in storage. Regarding color, the product showed a staining tendency to browning. In the end of 28 days of storage, the TBARS values was 1,12 mg of MDA/kg to the control treatment (0% of chia extract). The chia seed extract did not present effects over the microbiological stability along the storage, measured by counting the total mesophilic aerobic microorganisms and psicrotrofics. The sensorial features stability was kept, showing good acceptability by consumers. Therefore, we can conclude that the chia seed extract (Sálvia hispânica) was able to inhibit the lipid oxidation of pork sausage, which suggests its applicability as a natural antioxidant source.
O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a atividade antioxidante de extratos de semente de chia (Sálvia hispânica) e seu efeito antioxidante em linguiça de carne suína. Primeiramente, foi realizada a composição química da semente de chia. A mesma apresentou alto conteúdo de fibra alimentar, proteína e lipídios e baixo teor de umidade. Após elaborou-se os extratos hidroetanólicos por agitação, utilizando diferentes concentrações de etanol e temperaturas. Nos extratos obtidos foram realizadas análises de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonóides totais e atividade antioxidante in vitro através dos métodos DPPH e FRAP. O extrato obtido através de extração por agitação utilizando etanol 80% como solvente e temperatura de 60oC foi o que apresentou as melhores características antioxidantes, então o mesmo foi aplicado nas concentrações de 1%, 1,5% e 2% em linguiças de carne suína. Para a caracterização do produto cárneo, foram realizadas análises de umidade, proteínas, cinzas, gordura e a cada sete dias foram realizadas as análises de pH, cor, índice de TBARS e análises microbiológicas. A análise sensorial foi avaliada através do teste de aceitabilidade com escala hedônica de sete pontos e teste de intenção de compra. Os resultados obtidos na composição centesimal, bem como nas análises microbiológicas para Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Coliformes a 35 º C e a 45 º C, Samonella sp e Clostridium sulfito redutor dos produtos estão de acordo com o exigido pela legislação brasileira. O pH da linguiça apresentou um aumento ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Com relação à cor do produto, este apresentou uma coloração com tendência ao escurecimento. Ao fim de 28 dias de armazenamento, os valores de TBARS foram de 1,12 mg de MDA/kg para o tratamento com 2% de extrato de chia e 1,60 mg de MDA/ kg para o tratamento controle (0% de extrato de chia). O extrato de semente de chia não apresentou efeito sobre a estabilidade microbiológica ao longo do armazenamento, avaliada pela contagem de micro-organismos aeróbios mesófilos totais e psicrotróficos. A estabilidade das características sensoriais foi mantida, demonstrando boa aceitabilidade pelo consumidor. Desta forma, conclui-se que o extrato de semente de chia (Sálvia hispânica) foi capaz de inibir a oxidação lipídica da linguiça de carne suína, sendo viável a aplicabilidade como uma fonte antioxidante natural.

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Libri sul tema "Pork sausage"

Home sausage making. Pownal, VT: Storey Communications, 1987.

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T, Harvey David, a cura di. Professional charcuterie: Sausage making, curing, terrines, and pâtés. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

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Pavičić, Željko. Kolinje i mesni specijaliteti. 3^a ed. Zagreb: Gospodarski list, 1997.

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Mueller, T. G. The professional chef's book of charcuterie: Pates, terrines, timbales, galantines, sausages, and other culinary delights. New York: CBI Book, 1987.

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Torrado, Llorenç. Els embotits a Catalunya: Una tradició, un art, una indústria. [Barcelona]: Editen FECIC, 1985.

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Sullivan, Jaclyn. What's in your hot dog? New York: PowerKids Press, 2012.

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Donald, Chris. Viz: The porky chopper : a meaty selection of prime, beefy, lean comic cuts from Viz issues 48 to 52, with stuffing and sausages. London: John Brown Publishing, 1993.

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Panda. Sausage: Pork. Independently Published, 2018.

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Jody Maroni's Sausage Kingdom Cookbook. Universe Publishing, 1997.

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Pork, Ham and Sausage (Ency of Creative Cooking). Olympic Marketing Corp, 1988.

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Schilling, M. W., T. T. Dinh, A. J. Pham-Mondala, T. R. Jarvis e Y. L. Campbell. "Fresh Pork Sausage". In Pork, 97–125. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-4-4.

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Pereira, Jorge A., Lídia Dionísio, Luis Patarata e Teresa J. S. Matos. "Morcela de Arroz Sausage". In Pork, 427–43. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-18-18.

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López, Eva María Santos, Ana María Díez Maté, Isabel Jaime Moreno, Magdalena Isabel Cerón Guevara, Javier Castro Rosas, Beatriz Melero Gil e Jordi Rovira Carballido. "Morcilla and Butifarra Sausage". In Pork, 409–25. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-17-17.

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Pérez-Álvarez, José Ángel, Manuel Viuda-Martos e Juana Fernández-López. "Salchichón (Spanish Dry-Cured Sausage)". In Pork, 311–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-13-13.

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Luciano, Carla Giovana, Flávia C. Vargas, Larissa Tessaro, Marco A. Trindade, Lucas Arantes-Pereira, Andrezza M. Fernandes e Paulo José do A. Sobral. "Pitangueira Leaf Extracts as Alternative to Traditional Additives in Fresh Pork Sausage". In Food Engineering Series, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61817-9_1.

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Campagnol, Paulo Cezar Bastianello, José M. Lorenzo, Jordana Lima da Rosa, Bibiana Alves Dos Santos e Alexandre José Cichoski. "Bologna Sausages". In Pork, 391–408. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-16-16.

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Li, Chunbao, Siyuan Chang e Cui Zhiyong. "Pork Sausages in Asia". In Pork, 155–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-6-6.

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Popova, Teodora. "Traditional Pork Sausages in Bulgaria". In Pork, 217–49. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-9-9.

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Rocha, Yana Jorge Polizer, Juliana Cristina Baldin, Heloísa Valarine Battagin e Marco Antonio Trindade. "Traditional Pork Sausages in Brazil". In Pork, 251–67. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-10-10.

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Igor, Tomašević, Simunović Stefan, Đorđević Vesna, Djekic Ilija e Tomović Vladimir. "Traditional Pork Sausages in Serbia". In Pork, 171–95. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429324031-7-7.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pork sausage"

Barretto, Andrea Carla Da Silva, Camila Vespucio Bis Souza, Marise Rodrigues Pollonio e Ana Lúcia Barretto Penna. "Influence of fat level reduction in the drying of Italian salami". In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7533.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fat reduction in the drying process of Italian salami. Two Italian salami formulations: HFS (High Fat Sausage) with 20g/100g of pork back fat and LFS (Low Fat Sausage) with 11.2g/100g of pork back fat were analyzed as water activity, weight loss, proximate composition and pH. The evaluation times were 0, 3, 7, 10 and 13 days of drying.The reduction of more than 25% in the fat content of Italian salami affected the weight loss in the drying process, but did not affect the moisture, pH and water activity.Keywords: Low-fat; fermented sausage; weight loss; healthier meat products; ripening time.

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zsef Farkas, J., áva Andrássy, Judit Krommer e Lézló Mészáros. "Elimination of Listeria from a sausage batter by HHP treatment". In Fifth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborn Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-543.

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Birk, T., K. Müller, T. B. Hansen e Søren Aabo. "Growth and survival of exponential and stationary phase Salmonella during sausage fermentation". In Ninth International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-635.

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Paukatong, Kwantawee V., e Sukun Kunawasen. "The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) Generic Model for the Production of Thai Fermented Pork Sausage (Nham)". In Third International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-1061.

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Boughton, C., F. C. Leonard, J. Egan, P. O'Mahony, G. Kelly, B. K. Markey e M. Griffin. "Prevalence and number of Salmonella in retail pork sausages". In Fifth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborn Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-528.

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Morea, M., A. Matarante, F. Baruzzi e A. Abbrescia. "Risk analysis of Bacillus spp. isolated from cured pork sausages". In Fifth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborn Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-560.

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Rantsiou, Kalliopi, Rosalinda Urso, Giuseppe Comi e Luca Cocolin. "Use of bacteriocin-producer Lactobacillus sakei for fermented sausages production". In Sixth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-733.

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Cocolin, Luca, Rosalinda Urso, Kalliopi Rantsiou, Carlo Cantoni e Giuseppe Comi. "Monitoring of a starter culture for fermented sausages by molecular methods". In Sixth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-762.

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Gumulya, Y., R. Ortega, L. Fernandez e M. Hernandez. "In-vitro experiment of Listeria reduction in ready-to-eat dry cured sausages". In Ninth International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-645.

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Hamilton, D., G. Holds, G. Smith, R. Flint, M. Lorimer, D. Davos, A. Kiermeier e A. Pointon. "National baseline surveys to characterise processing hygiene and microbial hazards of Australian culled sow meat, retail pork sausages and retail pork mince". In Ninth International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-610.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pork sausage"

Sebranek, Joseph G., Vincent J. H. Sewalt, Kristen L. Robbins e Terry A. Houser. Antioxidant Effectiveness of Natural Rosemary Extract in Pork Sausage. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-955.

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Laury, Angela M., e Joseph G. Sebranek. Extension of Pork Sausage Shelf Life Using Modified Atmosphere Packaging. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-994.

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Wolfer, Taylor L., Nuria C. Acevedo, Kenneth J. Prusa, Joseph G. Sebranek e Rodrigo Tarté. Potential of Rice Bran Wax and Soybean Oil Oleogels as Pork Fat Replacements in Frankfurter-type Sausages. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-357.

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Semaan, Dima, e Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.

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Abstract (sommario):

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].

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