Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Polymorphisme social"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Polymorphisme social"
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Johal, Gurinder, e Adam Amlani. "Integrating Pharmacogenomics into Clinical Practice". University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 6, n. 1 (11 maggio 2016): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v6i1.1549.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pharmacogenomics has the potential to improve patient-centered care and lead to an overall decrease in healthcare costs. This would be achieved through fewer hospitalizations due to adverse drug reactions, individualized and effective therapies, and decreased drug development costs with single nucleotide polymorphism pre-screening. Although challenges do exist in encouraging the use of pharmacogenomics―specifically in regards to resources, regulation, and impacts on the pharmaceutical industry―the benefits may outweigh the costs in terms of patient health and safety. In implementing pharmacogenomics, various clinical, ethical, legal, social and economical factors must be considered.
La pharmacogénomique aurait le potentiel de diminuer le coût des soins de santé et d’optimiser les soins primaires aux patients. Il serait possible d’y parvenir en réduisant les hospitalisations suite aux effets secondaires associés aux médicaments, en utilisant des thérapies individualisées plus efficaces et en diminuant le coût associé au développement de médicaments grâce au test de dépistage de polymorphisme d’un seul nucléotide. Malgré les défis associés à l’utilisation de la pharmacogénomique surtout sur le plan des ressources, de la régulation et de l’impact dans l’industrie pharmaceutique, les avantages en terme de santé et de sécurité sont à considérer. Plusieurs facteurs cliniques, éthiques, légaux, sociaux, et économiques doivent être pris en considération pour l’utilisation de la pharmacogénomique.
2
Courtet, P. "Adversité sociale et troubles mentaux". European Psychiatry 29, S3 (novembre 2014): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.131.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il est établi que les facteurs de risque sociaux jouent un rôle important dans la genèse et le maintien des troubles mentaux. Les modèles animaux nous indiquent que les expériences précoces d’adversité sociale peuvent avoir des effets à long terme à travers un « conditionnement biologique » et que le cerveau serait « modelé » par les facteurs environnementaux. En effet, des expériences sociales négatives très précoces peuvent avoir de profonds impacts durant les périodes de haute plasticité cérébrale lors de la vie prénatale et juste après la naissance. La recherche doit arriver à intégrer plusieurs niveaux d’organisation et déterminer les effets de l’adversité précoce sur le développement du cerveau en tentant d’expliquer comment ces expériences précoces affectent les voies moléculaires, cellulaires et biologiques conduisant à une vulnérabilité particulière. Comment les circonstances difficiles prénatales, périnatales et durant l’enfance sont « biologiquement intégrées » dans les systèmes génomiques moléculaires qui déterminent les expressions de la vulnérabilité ? Le paradigme actuel des interactions GèneXEnvironnement découle directement des travaux de A. Caspi sur les enfants victimes de maltraitance, en mettant en évidence le rôle de ces évènements dans l’apparition de troubles mentaux à l’âge adulte en fonction du polymorphisme génétique.Les phénomènes d’addiction, le suicide et la schizophrénie représentent des troubles complexes qui résultent d’interactions entre plusieurs facteurs psychologiques, sociaux, environnementaux, génétiques et neurobiologiques. Les facteurs sociaux et les expériences précoces d’adversité constituent des facteurs importants et reconnus de risque d’apparition de ces troubles. La question qui se pose alors est de savoir s’il est possible d’intégrer ces différents aspects au sein de modèles unifiés où les expériences précoces d’adversité et de stress social constitueraient une dimension commune et dont le rôle serait essentiel.
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Cardoso, Jessica Vilarinho, Daniel Escorsim Machado, Renato Ferrari, Mayara Calixto da Silva, Plínio Tostes Berardo e Jamila Alessandra Perini. "Polymorphisms in VEGF and KDR genes in the development of endometriosis: a systematic review". Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 16, n. 3 (settembre 2016): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042016000300002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objectives: to review studies that used case-control design to verify the association of polymorphisms in VEGF and KDR genes in the development of endometriosis. Methods: the systematic review selected articles published until September 1, 2015 from PubMed, MEDLINE, BVS, SciELO databases, considering the following key words: endometriosis and ("polymorphism" or "SNP" or "genetic polymorphism") and ("VEGF" OR "Vascular endothelial growth factor" or "VEGFR-2" or "Vascular endothelial growth factor-2" or "KDR" or "Kinase Insert Domain Receptor"). Results: 106 articles were identified, only 11 were eligible. Discrepant results were observed regarding polymorphisms in VEGF gene in the development of endometriosis, which can be explained by methodological differences, sample size, eligible control type, using the unadjusted risk estimates and the heterogeneity of the studied population. Only one study investigated polymorphisms in KDR gene in the development of endometriosis, however it was ineligible for this review. Conclusions: to avoid discrepancy in the results, we suggest that the ideal control group should be formed by fertile women and free of gynecological diseases. Multicentric studies with adequate design, involving different population besides the combined analysis on polymorphisms in VEGF and KDR genes are still necessary to contribute in the understanding of this disease, which are social, clinical and economical problems.
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Rył, Aleksandra, Natalia Tomska, Anna Jakubowska, Alicja Ogrodniczak, Joanna Palma e Iwona Rotter. "Genetic Aspects of Problematic and Risky Internet Use in Young Men—Analysis of ANKK1, DRD2 and NTRK3 Gene Polymorphism". Genes 15, n. 2 (27 gennaio 2024): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15020169.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is characterized by an excess of uncontrolled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors related to computer use and Internet access that culminate in negative outcomes or individual distress. PIU includes excessive online activities (such as video gaming, social media use, streaming, pornography viewing, and shopping). The aim of this study was to analyze the association of gene polymorphisms that may influence the severity of risky behaviors in young men with the frequency of Internet use. We speculate that there are individual differences in the mechanisms of Internet addiction and that gene–hormone associations may represent useful biomarkers for subgroups of individuals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a sample of 407 adult males. Subjects were asked to complete the Problematic Internet Use Test (PIUT). Serum was analyzed to determine concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding protein (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), insulin (I), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA), as well as DRD2, ANKK1, and NTRK3 gene polymorphisms. Results: In the analysis of the ANKK1 gene, there was a specific association between ANKK1 polymorphisms and PRL and 5-HT blood concentrations. There was also an association between the ANKK1 polymorphisms and LH and DA concentrations. When analyzing the DRD2 gene polymorphism, we found that in the group with a moderate level of Internet dependence, there was an association between both the G/GG and GG/GG polymorphisms and FSH concentration. Conclusions: Our study found that there may be an association between the NTRK3 gene polymorphism and PIU. The polymorphisms of ANKK1 and DRD2 genes may be factors that influence the concentrations of hormones (PRL, 5-HT, DA) that are associated with the results obtained in PIU.
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M. khadhim, Manal, Ali T. AL-Damerchi e Meraim A. Kazaal. "Evaluation of A Disintegrin and Metalloprotein33 Gene Polymorphism in Bronchial Asthma". AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 11, n. 19 (24 luglio 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2015.11.19.1-9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: A disintegrin and metalloprotein 33 (ADAM33) gene is the first asthma candidate gene identified by positional cloning, may be associated with lung function decline and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. However, replication results have been inconclusive in smaller previous study populations probably due to inconsistence in asthma phenotypes or yet unknown environmental influences. This study aimed to further elucidate the role of ADAM33 polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genetic analysis of our case- control. Materials and methods: One polymorphic sites (V4) of ADAM33 gene was genotyped in 69 patients with bronchial asthma, and 20 healthy controls. Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and SPSS version 20 computer software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) in association with Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The single nucleotide polymorphisms V4 G/C, of the ADAM33 gene may be participate in the susceptibility of bronchial asthma in the Iraqi population. Conclusion: Although ADAM33-V4 polymorphism not associated with asthma in many population, our study confirmed significant correlation between ADAM33-V4 and asthma .
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Guo, Lei, Yanan Liu, Lijun Liu, Shixiu Shao, Yanwei Cao, Jiaming Guo e Haitao Niu. "The CYP19A1 (TTTA)n Repeat Polymorphism May Affect the Prostate Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis". American Journal of Men's Health 15, n. 3 (maggio 2021): 155798832110170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883211017033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abnormal aromatase (CYP19A1) expression may participate in prostate cancer (PCa) carcinogenesis. However, the results of studies on the CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms and PCa are conflicting. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the associations between the CYP19A1 Arg264Cys polymorphism and the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism and PCa. Electronic databases (PubMed, EmBase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library) were comprehensively searched to identify eligible studies. The strength of the association between the Arg264Cys polymorphism and PCa was assessed by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in allelic, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous genetic models. To analyze the impact of the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, we sequentially took the N-repeat allele (where N equals 7,8,10,11,12, and 13) as the minor allele and the sum of all the other alleles as the major allele. The ORs and 95% CIs were calculated in the allelic model; this analysis was performed individually for each repeat number. Pooled estimates of nine studies addressing the Arg264Cys polymorphism indicated that this polymorphism was not associated with PCa risk in the overall population or in the Caucasian or Asian subgroups. The 8-repeat allele in the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism increased PCa risk in the overall population (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.14–1.58, p = .001) and in the subgroup with population-based (PB) controls (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.13–1.74, p = .002) as well as in the subgroup using capillary electrophoresis to identify this polymorphism (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09–1.65, p = .006).The meta-analysis indicated that the CYP19A1 (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, but not the Arg264Cys polymorphism, may affect PCa risk.
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Maliza, Rita, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Jaka Pradika, Kharisma Pratama, Haafizah Dania, Bramadi Arya e Dyah Aryani Perwitasari. "Genetic polymorphism and the risk of diabetic foot: a bibliometric analysis from 2011-2021". International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2023): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i4.23028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) has been associated with genetic and environmental factors, which could potentially have a role in DFU development. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to DFU, including inflammation. Bibliometric studies on the SNP on genes affecting DFU still have not been evaluated. This study aims to depict bibliographically and understand the topic trend of genetic polymorphism and the risk of DFU publications. A bibliometric methodology was applied in this study. The data were extracted through the Scopus database from 2011 to 2021. VOS viewer was used to classify and summarize Scopus articles. The 35 articles were evaluated. India topped the list of countries with the most publications, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences was the primary institution. Singh K and his team were the first contributing authors with 44 citations. Keywords analysis indicated that the research hotspots were DFU, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic foot ulcers, polymorphisms, hypoxia, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), diabetic foot, diabetes mellitus, and oxidative stress. This study summarizes the current state, trends in genetic polymorphism and risk with DFU research. It may provide researchers with insight into the genetic polymorphism and risk associated with DFU research, as well as useful information for identifying possible collaborators and partner institutions.
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Wang, Tzu-Yun, Sheng-Yu Lee, Yi-Lun Chung, Shiou-Lan Chen, Chia-Ling Li, Yun-Hsuan Chang, Liang-Jen Wang et al. "TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR Genes Specifically Interact in Opiate Dependence but Not in Alcohol Dependence". European Addiction Research 22, n. 4 (2016): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444676.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Different drug dependencies may have unique genetic vulnerabilities. Changes in serotonin availability and function have been linked to addiction. We investigated whether 2 serotonergic polymorphisms, TPH1 A218C (rs1800532) and 5-HTT-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) (rs25531), are differently associated with alcohol or opiate dependence. Methods: Alcohol-dependent patients (n = 292), opiate-dependent patients (n = 309), and healthy controls (n = 301) were recruited from the Han Chinese population in Taiwan. Genotypes of TPH1 A218C and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: The genotype frequencies of the TPH1 A218C polymorphisms were not significantly different in the 3 groups. The genotype frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR S+ (S/S, S/LG, LG/LG) polymorphisms were significantly higher in opiate-dependent patients (χ2 = 8.77, p = 0.01), but not after controlling for the covariates of age, gender, and interaction effect in logistic regression analysis. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the TPH1 A218C A/C and 5-HTTLPR S+ gene polymorphisms in opiate-dependent (OR 2.72, p = 0.01), but not in alcohol-dependent patients. Conclusions: Our data suggested that there may be a differential genetic vulnerability in serotonergic genes for alcohol and opiate addiction. However, replications of our findings are still needed.
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Balko, Iva, Stefan Balko, Miroslav Petr, Josef Heidler, Lucie Benesova e Eva Kohlikova. "Associations between the occurrence of the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 polymorphisms and anaerobic performance among a group of elite fencers". Physical Activity Review 9, n. 2 (2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2021.09.25.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: This research aims to detect possible associations between the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9 genetic polymorphisms, and selected anaerobic performance indicators among elite and sub-elite fencers. Methods: The sample of participants included a group of 20 fencers (males, age 25.5 ± 6.9 years; height 185.1 ± 5.8; weight 78.3 ± 9.8). We obtained genotype analysis for selected polymorphisms (ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, BDKRB2 +9/-9) through buccal swabs. 30-second Wingate test was used for the anaerobic performance where the following variables were monitored: the maximal anaerobic performance – Pmax [W], the anaerobic capacity – AnC [kJ], the total number of revolutions – TR [n], the peak blood lactate concentration – LApeak [mmol·l-1]. Results: Within ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, no differences were found in the observed variables between genotypes. However, ACE I/D heterozygotes reached higher Pmax, AnC, and LApeak values than homozygotes. Furthermore, BDKRB2 +9/-9 polymorphism homozygotes with -9 allele reached higher Pmax and AnC values than homozygotes with +9 allele. No statistical differences were found in all monitored variables between genotypes of monitored polymorphisms. Conclusions: The research findings might serve as another useful piece of knowledge related to the existing statements in the field of genetics, focusing on speed-strength performance problems. It should be highlighted that current studies are only the first steps in helping us better understand the associations between genetic factors and performance in sports.
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Vdovychenko, Yu P., N. O. Firsova e K. H. Khazhylenko. "Polymorphisms of hemostasis system genes in women with habitual miscarriage". HEALTH OF WOMAN, n. 8(144) (31 ottobre 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.144.36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective: to evaluate the prevalence of hemostasis and folate cycle gene polymorphisms in patients with a history of miscarriage. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted of 125 women with habitual miscarriage who were in the first, main, group. The criteria for inclusion of patients in the study were the presence of two or more pregnancy losses in the anamnesis up to 22 weeks. The exclusion criteria were anatomical, endocrine, infectious, immunological, social causes of miscarriage, and the presence of benign uterine tumors and antiphospholipid syndrome. Group II (control) included 40 somatically healthy women, without reproductive losses, with a history of at least one physiological pregnancy. All women underwent a molecular genetic study of 8 hemostatic system genes and 4 folate cycle genes by a multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in real time. Results. As a result of the analysis in women with habitual miscarriage, statistically significantly more often revealed: homozygous polymorphism for the gene FGB 455G> A, ITGA2 (α2-integrin) C807T, both homo- and heterozygous forms, homozygous polymorphism 5GG75GG7575G > 4G – homo- and heterozygous forms, as well as polymorphism of MTHFR 677C> T and MTHFR 1298A> C genes. A statistically significant association of ITGA2 807C> T and PAI-1 675 5G> 4G polymorphisms was confirmed with more than six and sevenfold increased odds of habitual miscarriage (p=0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively). Carrying the mutant allele of the FGB 455G> A gene was associated with a 3.6-fold increase in the chances of reproductive loss. Multigenic forms of thrombophilia were detected in 109 (87.2%) women of the main group, which was 3.5 times higher than the corresponding indicators in the control group – 10 (25.0%); p <0.05. Conclusion. In order to prevent recurrent reproductive losses in patients with a history of pregnancy miscarriage, with the exception of other causes, it is necessary to carry out an examination for the presence of clotting and folate cycle polymorphisms. Detection of the carrier of mutant alleles in patients with pregnancy miscarriage will help to properly study the activity of certain parts of the hemostasis system, to adequately select therapy and to realize the reproductive function of a woman. Key words: habitual miscarriage, pregnancy polymorphism of hemostasis genes, folate cycle.
Tesi sul tema "Polymorphisme social"
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Taupenot, Antoine. "Implication de supergènes dans l'expression de traits complexes chez la fourmi socialement et morphologiquement polymorphe Myrmecina graminicola". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS201.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les supergènes, des régions génétiques où des loci coadaptés sont transmis comme une seule unité mendélienne, jouent un rôle crucial dans la mise en place des polymorphismes complexes mais démêler la complexité de leur évolution et de leur maintien reste un défi de taille. Les fourmis offrent un contexte unique pour mettre en évidence de nouveau supergènes et étudier les principes généraux régissant leur mise en place et leur évolution puisqu'elles présentent de grandes variations inter et intra-espèces dans tous les aspects de leur organisation sociale et qu'un nombre inhabituellement élevé de supergènes a déjà été mis en évidence dans différentes espèces. Notamment, dans cinq lignées différentes un supergène en lien avec l'organisation sociale des colonies, c'est-à-dire le nombre de reines accouplées par colonie, a été mis en évidence. Cependant, son origine et son maintien restent à élucider clairement et de nouveaux modèles sont nécessaires. L'espèce de fourmi Myrmecina graminicola suscite un intérêt particulier pour l'étude des supergènes chez les insectes sociaux puisqu'elle présente à la fois un polymorphisme social (présence de colonies monogynes et de colonies polygynes) et un polymorphisme alaire (présences de reines ailées et de reines aptères).Dans cette thèse, nous avons exploré la présence de supergènes chez M. graminicola, en lien notamment avec ces deux polymorphismes. Dans le premier chapitre, à l'aide de données de reséquençage, nous avons mis en évidence la présence d'un supergène lié au polymorphisme social (~10 Mb) daté de ~1 Ma en déséquilibre de liaison avec un supergène lié au polymorphisme alaire (~110 kb) apparu plus récemment (~ 0,4 Ma). Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous avons étudié les liens entre les traits d'histoire de vie des deux principaux types de colonies retrouvés dans cette espèce, à savoir les colonies monogynes avec des reines ailées et les colonies polygynes avec des reines aptères. Nous avons montré que ces deux types de colonies ne différaient pas quant au nombre d'ouvrières et de larves au moment de l'échantillonnage. Une fois élevées en laboratoire, nous avons observé que ces deux types de colonies produisaient un nombre similaire de nymphes et d'adultes mais que les colonies polygynes produisaient plus d'œufs et de nouvelles larves que les colonies monogynes. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous avons exploré la possibilité qu'il existe dans cette espèce d'autres supergènes non liés directement à la socialité ou à la présence/absence d'ailes. Nous avons identifié un troisième supergène (~7 Mb) et démontré qu'il n'était pas associé au sex ratio des colonies. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse révèle la présence de trois supergènes chez la fourmi M. graminicola, dont un lié au polymorphisme social, un autre au polymorphisme alaire, et propose des pistes sur les mécanismes contribuant au maintien de ces polymorphismesSupergenes, genetic regions where coadapted loci are inherited as a single Mendelian unit, play a crucial role in establishing complex polymorphisms. However, unraveling the complexity of their evolution and maintenance remains a significant challenge. Ants offer a unique context to identify new supergenes and study the general principles governing their establishment and evolution due to their extensive inter- and intra-species variations in all aspects of social organization. Notably, in five different lineages, a supergene related to colony social organization, specifically the number of mated queens per colony, has been identified. However, its origin and maintenance remain to be clearly elucidated, and new models are needed. The ant species Myrmecina graminicola is of particular interest for studying supergenes in social insects as it exhibits both social polymorphism (presence of monogynous and polygynous colonies) and wing polymorphism (presence of winged and apterous queens).In this thesis, we explored the presence of supergenes in M. graminicola, particularly in relation to these two polymorphisms. In the first chapter, using resequencing data, we identified a supergene associated with social polymorphism (~10 Mb) dating back to ~1 Mya, in linkage disequilibrium with a supergene linked to wing polymorphism (~110 kb) that appeared more recently (~0.4 Mya). In the second chapter, we examined the life history traits of the two main types of colonies found in this species, namely monogynous colonies with winged queens and polygynous colonies with apterous queens. We showed that these two colony types did not differ in the number of workers and larvae at the time of sampling. When reared in the laboratory, we observed that both types of colonies produced a similar number of nymphs and adults but that polygynous colonies produced more eggs and new larvae than monogynous colonies. In the third chapter, we explored the possibility of other supergenes in this species not directly linked to sociality or wing presence/absence. I identified a third supergene (~7 Mb) and demonstrated that it was not associated with colony sex ratio. Overall, this thesis reveals the presence of three supergenes in the ant M. graminicola, one linked to social polymorphism, another to wing polymorphism, and provides insights into the mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of these polymorphisms
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Philippe, Anne-Sophie. "Etude de la variation génétique et de la plasticité des comportements sociaux chez la drosophile". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112089/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La variation des comportements sociaux est une problématique très importante pour appréhender l’évolution de la socialité dans le règne animal. Par l’étude des interactions entre les paramètres génétiques et environnementaux sur les comportements sociaux de la drosophile (Drosophila melanogaster), cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette problématique et cherche à mettre en évidence les paramètres déterminants pour la expliquer la variation des comportements sociaux des individus. Au cours de ce travail de recherche, on a pu étudier et mettre en évidence l’existence de comportements sociaux chez la drosophile tels que l’apprentissage et l’utilisation des informations sociales dans un contexte de recherche spatiale, le comportement d’agrégation et l’établissement de nombreuses interactions. Ces comportements sont les premiers pas vers plus de socialité et leur étude est indispensable pour comprendre l’évolution vers plus de coopération et de communication entre les individus. L’utilisation de deux lignées issues du polymorphisme génétique du gène foraging (phénotypes Rover et Sitter) a permis de mettre en évidence des différences de comportements entre les individus et d’étudier les interactions entre paramètres génétiques et environnementaux. Les individus de phénotype Sitter témoignent d’un comportement plus social que les individus Rover, utilisant préférentiellement l’information sociale, ils forment aussi des agrégats plus importants semblant attirés par le plus grand nombre. On note aussi que la variation de la composition génétique du groupe entraine une modification du comportement d’agrégation du groupe. Ainsi, les variations interindividuelles influencent le comportement collectif. Le dernier volet de cette thèse s’intéresse aux interactions entre les individus au sein de 12 populations différentes de l’espèce Drosophila melanogaster. Cette approche a permis de révéler une grande variation de l’organisation sociale des individus au sein d’une même espèce et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour étudier l’évolution de la socialité.Ce travail de recherche permet d’apporter de nouveaux éléments sur les facteurs influençant la variation des comportements sociaux et de mettre en avant de nouvelles perspectives pour l’étude de leur évolutionThe social behavior variation is a very important issue for understanding evolution of sociality in animal kingdom. By studying genetic and environmental interactions influence on social behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, this thesis fits with this problematic and focus on the parameters which could explain the social behavior variations. In this research work, we studied and highlighted the existence of social behavior in Drosophila like learning and using social information in a spatial learning task, aggregation behavior and numerous social interactions. These behaviors are the first step before more sociality and their study with no-social species is essential to understand the evolution toward more sociality. The use of two lines from genetic polymorphism of the foraging gene (Rover and Sitter phenotypes) reveals differences in behavior between individuals and enable us to study the influence of genetic and environment parameters. Sitter individuals show more social behavior than Rover ones, using more social information and adopting more aggregation behavior. Variation of the genetic composition of the group influence the aggregation level of Rover individuals. They show more gregarious behavior with majority of Sitter individuals. These observations raise the question of the effects of the information source variations on the social behavior and their implication in interactions variations. The last part of this thesis focuses on the interactions between individuals in 12 different populations of Drosophila melanogaster. This approach revealed an important variation in social organization within species and opens new perspectives to study the evolution of sociality.This research bring new elements on factors influencing the change in social behavior and highlight new perspectives for the study of their evolution
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Sanchez, Sylvie. "Une séduction transculturelle : la pizza : polymorphisme, appropriation et identité dans l'alimentation". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0125.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La pizza a connu au vingtième siècle une diffusion quasi-universelle. Devenue aux Etats-Unis l'une des nourritures les plus familières, elle vient aujourd'hui sous ses formes américanisées réinvestir l'Europe et conquérir les autres continents. La vicariance de ce mets à travers les cultures et les grammaires culinaires les plus diverses en fait une voie royale pour explorer les modalités du contact interculturel, identifier les conditions de l'emprunt mutuel, de l'appropriation ou de la réappropriation. L'analyse montre que, quel que soit le vecteur d'introduction du " nouveau ", industriel ou artisanal, l'appropriation des aliments par un groupe procède d'un même ensemble de mécanismes. En outre, un mets " allogène " rappelant, par la forme ou le nom, une préparation propre à la culture considérée est toujours " retravaillé " en fonction du modèle local. Ce fait vient infirmer la thèse d'une homogénéisation culturelle et culinaire dont la pizza serait l'une des manifestations.
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Pigeyre, Marie. "Etude des déterminants du comportement alimentaire : interaction gène-environnement dans l'obésité". Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La prévalence de l'obésité a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières décennies et est généralement expliquée par l'interaction entre les changements environnementaux et la prédisposition génétique. Le premier objectif était d’examiner l'impact des changements socioprofessionnels et éducatifs sur la prévalence de l'obésité en France. Cette analyse a été effectuée dans la population MONICA (5423 hommes et 5271 femmes âgés de 35 à 64 ans) en 1986, 1996 et 2006 dans trois régions géographiques de la France. Un questionnaire et un examen clinique standardisé ont permis de recueillir les données. Une analyse contrefactuelle a évalué la contribution des changements socioprofessionnels et éducatifs sur la prévalence de l'obésité. Nous avons ainsi observé que la prévalence de l'obésité a augmenté pour chaque catégorie professionnelle, sauf pour les femmes au chômage, où elle est restée stable. La contribution des changements professionnels sur la prévalence de l'obésité a été estimée à -0,3% et -1,9% chez les hommes et les femmes, respectivement. La prévalence de l'obésité a augmenté également pour chaque niveau d’éducation, cependant davantage pour le groupe moins instruit. La contribution des changements du niveau d'éducation sur la prévalence de l’obésité a été estimée à - 1,8% pour les hommes et -4,7% pour les femmes. Ces tendances ont été partiellement masquées par la contribution défavorable des facteurs séculaires, estimés à +3,9% et +2,5% chez les hommes et les femmes, respectivement. En conséquence, la prévalence de l'obésité est passée de 15,0% à 18,4% chez les hommes et de 15,9% à 17,2% chez les femmes entre 1986 et 2006. Le second objectif était d’étudier l'influence des comportements liés au poids sur l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) en fonction du sexe et de la classe sociale, ainsi que la perception du poids, dans un échantillon représentatif de la population adulte française. L’analyse a été effectuée dans l’enquête transversale Nutrialis, comportant 1646 sujets adultes vivant en France. Les participants ont été pesés à la maison et ont ensuite répondu à un questionnaire standardisé. Nos résultats montrent que la classe sociale est liée à l'IMC chez les femmes, et non chez les hommes. La perception du poids diffère selon la classe sociale chez les femmes et non chez les hommes et contribuent aux différences observées entre les comportements visant à contrôler le poids. Dans la classe sociale la plus élevée, la restriction est plus élevée et le temps passé devant la télévision plus faible, pour les deux sexes ; l'externalité alimentaire est plus élevée chez les femmes et moins élevée chez les hommes, comparativement aux autres classes sociales. L'IMC est positivement corrélée avec le score de restriction alimentaire et négativement avec le score d’externalité alimentaire dans les deux sexes. La proportion de sujets pratiquant une activité physique de loisirs augmente avec la classe sociale pour les deux sexes. La proportion de fumeurs est plus élevée chez les hommes de classe sociale inférieure. Enfin, la restriction alimentaire, le tabagisme, le temps passé devant la télévision et l'activité physique sont indépendamment corrélés à l'IMC dans les deux sexes, alors que le score d’externalité alimentaire est corrélé à l'IMC que chez les femmes. Le troisième objectif était d’étudier l’interaction entre les polymorphismes d’un gène impliqué dans le comportement alimentaire et les facteurs socio-économiques, sur le développement de l’adiposité. Nous avons choisi le gène de la neuromedine B (NMB) pour lequel le polymorphisme P73T a été associé à l'obésité et aux anomalies du comportement alimentaire chez les adultes. Nous avons ainsi analysé l'association entre les 4 polymorphismes du gène NMB (rs1107179, rs17598561, rs3809508 et rs1051168 (P73T)) et les phénotypes liés à l'obésité dans la population HELENA (1144 adolescents européens âgés de 12 à 17 ans). L'obésité a été définie en fonction des critères de Cole et al. ; les données ont été recueillies via un questionnaire standardisé. Nos données montrent que seul le polymorphisme rs3809508 est associé à l’obésité, et le génotype TT est plus fréquent chez les adolescents obèses que chez les non obèses (ORajusté=2,85 [1,11-7,31], p=0,03). De plus, les sujets TT ont un IMC, un tour de taille, un rapport tour de taille/hanches et un rapport tour de taille/taille plus élevés que les porteurs de l’allèle C. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que les effets de ce polymorphisme sur toutes les valeurs anthropométriques ont été influencée par le statut socio-économique de la mère, en ce sens qu'un faible niveau d'éducation maternelle aggrave le phénotype des adolescents porteurs du génotype TT (interaction p<0,02). En conclusion, entre 1986 et 2006, l'obésité a augmenté en France dans toutes les catégories socioprofessionnelles et davantage chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Cette tendance séculaire a été partiellement contrée par l'amélioration du niveau socioprofessionnel et éducatif qui a eu lieu au cours de la même période. Notre étude confirme également qu’ils existent des différences liées au sexe dans la relation entre l'IMC et la classe sociale, qui pourraient être dues à une perception du poids et des comportements visant à contrôler le poids différents. Enfin, un faible niveau d'éducation maternelle peut aggraver l’expression phénotypique d’un gène associé au comportement alimentaire, sur le développement de l’obésité des adolescents.
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Colliat, Rémi. "Intégration économique européenne et système fiscal décentralisé : darwinisme institutionnel ou émergence d'un polymorphisme fiscal ?" Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873528.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser l'impact de l'intégration européenne sur les systèmes nationaux de politiques fiscales. La concurrence fiscale internationale, inhérente à l'internationalisation croissante des économies, induit une course au moins disant fiscal. Ce type de stratégies, que nous nommons " darwinisme institutionnel ", pose la question de la convergence des systèmes fiscaux vers un modèle unique non satisfaisant pour chaque économie. C'est encore plus vrai à l'échelle de l'Union européenne : alors que les effets externes de l'intégration poussent, en théorie, à l'harmonisation, nous constatons une absence de convergence depuis 2001. En l'absence de théories de la concurrence fiscale aptes à rendre compte de la nature complexe de l'ensemble des phénomènes fiscaux en Europe, et afin de mieux prendre en compte les ressorts dynamiques de la fiscalité, notre travail propose une grille de lecture de l'hétérogénéité fiscale européenne. Notre étude élabore une typologie des différents " modèles " fiscaux et institutionnels existants, évalués à six : continental développé, scandinave, libéral, continental en développement, micro-insulaire et oriental en transition. Sur la base de cette typologie, nous établissons des correspondances, pour chacun des États européens, entre leur modèle d'économie de marché et le type de structure fiscale. De plus, nos résultats mettent en avant que l'appartenance à un de ces modèles n'explique pas les différences de performances financières. Enfin, leur analyse en dynamique (1995-2007) nous conduit à caractériser les évolutions de ces différents modèles comme un phénomène de polymorphisme fiscal européen, où leur hétérogénéité n'a eu de cesse de s'accentuer sur la période considérée. Par conséquent, pour que chaque État-membre puisse suivre sa trajectoire institutionnelle tout en minimisant les effets externes résultant de stratégies nationales non-coopératives, il apparaît que le renforcement d'une coordination européenne des politiques fiscales est nécessaire au niveau des clubs de convergence définis à l'échelle des modèles fiscaux identifiés.
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Teboul, Annabelle. "Le polymorphisme du héros réaliste-naturaliste chez Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant et Zola ou le parcours initiatique d'un être oxymorique". Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935884.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail de thèse interroge la représentation du héros au sein des mouvements réaliste et naturaliste du XIXe siècle. Il s'agit, au travers d'un corpus de six romans et nouvelles, de mettre en lumière la tension inhérente à la figure héroïque chez Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant et Émile Zola. Malgré un refus apparent du modèle classique antique qui se signe par une banalisation du personnage principal, les romanciers réalistes-naturalistes n'échappent finalement pas à la tentation héroïque; en proposant un parcours initiatique et des formes originales de sacralisation, ils fabriquent un nouveau type de héros, à la fois plus proche des préoccupations de la société de l'époque et traversé par des représentations mythiques, éternelles (qu'elles soient issues du domaine mythologique, biblique, littéraire, psychanalytique ou religieux). La dialectique entre temporalité sociétale et permanence du légendaire se donne alors à lire. Cette thèse de doctorat cherche donc à démontrer l'exécution immuable d'une symphonie héroïque au sein de la poétique réaliste et naturaliste tout en rappelant la nature spécifique du héros chez chaque auteur étudié.
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Hahn, Patrick Daniel. "Social control of polymorphism in Zootermopsis". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185916.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The sex-specific effects of reproductives and of soldiers on the reproductivity (i.e., tendency to develop into replacement reproductives) of pseudergates of Zootermopsis nevadensis were studied. Reproductives inhibit reproductivity in pseudergates of their own sex only. Reproductives neither inhibit nor stimulate reproductivity in pseudergates of the opposite sex. Reproductives do not require the presence of a reproductive of the opposite sex to stimulate them to inhibit reproductivity in pseudergates. Soldiers had no effect on the reproductivity of pseudergates. The effects of group size and of the presence or absence of reproductives on the development of last-stage nymphs of Z. nevadensis were studied. The size of experimental groups had no effect on the rates of stationary molts or alate molts, suggesting that the correlation between colony size and the onset of alate production in nature may be spurious. The presence or absence of reproductives had no effect on the rate of stationary molts or alate molts, suggesting that in Z. nevadensis neither group size nor the presence of reproductives has any direct effect on alate determination. It is suggested that in Z. nevadensis a form of nutritional castration can delay the onset of alate development; that is to say, that the onset of alate development is determined by the ratio of nutrient-gathering castes to nutrient-receiving castes in the colony. I have found what I believe to be an extraordinary example of deception in Z. nevadensis and Zootermopsis angusticollis. This is the first reported example of caste mimicry in a social insect, and may explain why supernumerary replacement reproductives are common in Z. nevadensis and Z. angusticollis but not in Zootermopsis laticeps. The compositions of 41 field-collected colonies of Zootermopsis were given and the data were analyzed for trends. Most notably, supernumerary replacement reproductives were common in Z. nevadensis and in Z. angusticollis but have never been found in Z. laticeps, by us or by anybody else. These findings are in accordance with our hypothesis of "caste mimicry" in Z. nevadensis and Z. angusticollis.
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Davison, Paul James. "Social polymorphism and social behaviour in sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61422/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
I use field observations, experiments and molecular techniques to describe the social biology of the sweat bee Lasioglossum calceatum, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying social polymorphism and body size in this species. I also investigate environmental constraints on sociality, and the impact that workers have on productivity, in the obligate social species L. malachurum. Chapter 1 introduces sweat bees as a study system, and reviews social behaviour within the group. I then provide concise introductions to the study species. In Chapter 2 I show that L. calceatum exhibits latitudinal social polymorphism in the UK, with only bees in the south expressing primitive eusociality. I then describe the social life cycle from continuous field observations, with reference to genetic data. In Chapter 3 in I examine environmental and genetic components of social phenotype in L. calceatum by conducting a field transplant of bees from the north of the UK to the south. Social phenotype is likely to be predominantly determined by fixed genetic differences between social and solitary populations. Chapter 4 examines whether the transition between social and solitary nesting results in saw-tooth size clines in L. calceatum and Halictus rubicundus. Overall, both species exhibit converse-Bergmann clines but not saw-tooth clines. In Chapter 5 I transplant the obligate social sweat bee L. malachurum to the north of the UK, to test whether sociality is constrained by season length. Phenology was considerably delayed such that the life cycle could not be completed. In Chapter 6 I investigate queen quality, productivity and costs of worker production in L. malachurum, by manipulating the number of workers per nest. I show that queens probably incurs costs from producing more workers, and that a possible mechanism is that workers from larger groups may be of lower quality. In Chapter 7 I bring together key findings of the thesis, and comment on future directions.
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Chiaroni, Jacques. "ETUDE ANTHROPOGENETIQUE DE LA POPULATION COMORIENNE DE MARSEILLE". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011766.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La population actuelle de l'archipel des Comores est considérée comme étant le résultat de contacts entre des populations d'origine Africaine Bantoue, Arabe et Austronésienne. Le but de cette étude est de décrire sa structure génétique, au travers de l'analyse de six groupes sanguins érythrocytaires, du polymorphisme du locus HLA-DR-B1 et des gènes KIR. 164 individus, non apparentés, d'origine Comorienne résidant à Marseille ont été étudiés. Les résultats révèlent que la contribution génétique des populations originaires de l'Afrique Bantoue est la plus importante (50 à 60%) et est en accord avec la forte influence culturelle encore présente. La contribution des populations en provenance de la Péninsule Arabique est plus faible (30%) et semble à la hauteur de leur influence religieuse et linguistique. Enfin, comme au niveau linguistique, l'impact du Sud Est Asiatique sur le pool génétique Comorien paraît quasiment absent. De plus, cette étude génétique, en révélant les écarts phénotypiques qui existent entre une population migrante et celle des donneurs de sang du pays d'accueil, souligne la nécessité d'actions spécifiques de sensibilisation au don de sang.
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Ganem, Guila. "Commensalisme, fonction corticosurrénalienne et évolution chromosomique chez la souris domestique". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail s'integre dans une problematique generale cherchant a determiner quels aspects de l'environnement de la souris domestique peuvent participer a l'etablissement d'une divergence chromosomique (par suite de fixation de fusions robertsoniennes) dans certaines de ses populations. La souris domestique occupe deux types d'habitat exterieur et commensal. Le phenomene robertsonien est correle avec l'habitat commensal. Ici le commensalisme est considere dans ses aspects sociaux resultant des fortes densites et de la reproduction continue dans ce type d'habitat. La sensibilite des individus de differentes populations a un stress psychogenique est mesuree a l'aide d'un indice physiologique: le taux de corticosterone plasmatique. Differents stress sont experimentes: la capture, l'exposition a un environnement nouveau et la rencontre d'un congenere inconnu. La corticosteronemie basale en periode diurne permet d'evaluer la reactivite quotidienne des individus. Ces differents indices permettent de differencier au sein de chaque population etudiee les femelles plus emotives que les males, et parmi les differentes populations de distinguer celles qui proviennent d'un habitat commensal de celles provenant de l'habitat exterieur. En habitat commensal les individus montrent une faible sensibilite vis-a-vis d'un stress psychogenique et une forte reactivite quotidienne, le contraire est observe chez les souris exterieures. Les resultats sont interpretes en terme d'adaptation. Les souris robertsoniennes semblent montrer une strategie mixte qui pourrait etre a l'origine d'un avantage adaptatif. Un nouveau modele sur la mise en place du phenomene est propose
Libri sul tema "Polymorphisme social"
1
Kiaris, Hippokratis. Genes, polymorphisms, and the making of societies: How genetic behavioral traits influence human cultures. Boca Raton: Universal-Publishers, 2012.
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2
Bhasin, M. K. People of India: An investigation of biological variability in ecological, ethno-economic, and linguistic groups. Delhi, India: Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 1994.
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Westberg, Lars, e Hasse Walum. Oxytocin and Vasopressin Gene Variation and the Neural Basis of Social Behaviors. A cura di Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Experimental studies in rodents and humans show that the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are important regulators of behaviors related to social interactions. Evidence for positive effects of oxytocin treatment on symptoms of psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired social functioning has emerged. Numerous studies report associations between various social behaviors, the risk of autism, and polymorphisms inOXTRandAVPR1A. This chapter provides an overview of these genetic association studies. Although many of the published findings are inconclusive and need replication in independent samples, the chapter concludes that variants ofOXTRandAVPR1Aseem to moderate individual variation in different aspects of social behavior. The challenges for future studies include replication of current findings, identification of the functional variants, and characterization of the neural mechanisms mediating the gene-behavior associations, as well as exploration of the pharmacogenetic potential ofOXTRandAVPR1Ain future clinical trials.
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Kiaris, Hippokratis. Genes, Polymorphisms, and the Making of Societies: A Genetic Perspective of the Divergence Between East and West. Universal Publishers, 2021.
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Troisi, Alfonso. Detachment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most of us find social encounters rewarding, especially when we encounter those with whom we are familiar and have built up a relationship. From an evolutionary point of view, this is not surprising; human beings are fundamentally social organisms, and human development and functioning occur within a social context. The origin of individual differences in the capacity to experience social reward is likely to involve a complex interplay of genetic and environmental variables, including genetic variation, early experience and current situational factors. A few individuals seem to lie at the lower extreme of this continuum, experiencing little or no positive feelings during affiliative interactions. This chapter deals with the psychological and behavioral traits that characterize these uncommon individuals and reviews the mechanisms likely to cause their emotional detachment. The chapter then discusses the importance of aversive early experience in promoting an avoidant style of adult attachment and the role of the brain opioid system and genetic polymorphisms in mediating diminished hedonic response to affiliative interactions.
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Gephart, Werner; Witte, a cura di. The Sacred and the Law: The Durkheimian Legacy. Klostermann, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783465142942.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is little doubt about the importance of Emile Durkheim’s work and the influence it had on the social sciences. His insights into the realms of normativity in particular remain an inspiring mine of information for theoretical reflection and empirical analyses. While his strengths, as we know nowadays, might not have always laid in systematic arguments, his main concerns have shaped the development of social thought in fundamental ways: the question of changing social bonds and the problem of integration; belief and unbelief in societal values; acceptance and rejection of the law, obligation and rights; inner tensions of normative orders; the problem of aligning the polymorphism of normativities with the polymorphic structures of society – and, hence, the project of normative and social pluralism. The Sacred occupies an important dual position in this context: marking an autonomous sphere of the Holy, endangered and upstaged by processes of modernization, and at the same time a fundamental trait of sociality, culture and normativity in general, thus providing the basis even still for modern, ‘secularized’ forms of collective beliefs. The current volume is comprised of contributions from a variety of disciplinary perspectives dealing with a wide range of topics in the realm of normativity in order to recall these important issues and demonstrate the influence and moment of Durkheim’s thinking on matters of the Sacred and the law.
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Burton, Derek, e Margaret Burton. Special adaptations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Within the considerable diversity of fish there are less-usual attributes of some species which facilitate survival in particular habitats or in response to selective pressures. The intense competition in warm, shallow water results in polymorphism in colour and size and complex social structure in some reef-fish and in different dentitions in cichlids with trophic specializations. Fish in the light-less deep sea are typically dark with large eyes and mouth; often they possess light-emitting photophores. In contrast, dark-dwelling cavefish lack melanin pigmentation, are usually pink, lack photophores and generally have poor eyesight. Adaptations to other limited habitats such as desert springs or temporary pools and water margins favour small fast-growing fish and air-breathing fish adapted to terrestrial habitats. The range of special adaptations is considerable, including burrowing fish, sound-producing fish, electric fish and even ‘flying’ fish. While parasitic fish are rare, special symbiotic relationships occur, as does hermaphroditism.
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Fabbri, Chiara, e Alessandro Serretti. The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease associated with high personal and socio-economic burden. Genetics accounts for 20–95% of variability in central nervous system drug disposition and pharmacodynamics, thus genetic markers are considered a promising way to develop tailored treatments and improve the prognosis of the disease. Among mood stabilizers, lithium response was the most investigated phenotype and the most replicated genes are involved in synaptic plasticity (BDNF), serotonergic (SLC6A4) and dopaminergic (DRD1) neurotransmission, and second messenger cascades (GSK3B). Relevant pharmacogenetic findings regarding other mood stabilizers are hyperammonaemia (CPS1 gene) and hepatic dysfunction (POLG gene) induced by valproate and immune-mediated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions (HLA-B*1502) induced by lamotrigine or carbamazepine. Polymorphisms in cytochrome (CYP) P450 genes are expected to provide useful information particularly in case of polypharmacy. Despite few pharmacogenetic tests are currently recommended, the development of pharmacogenetics in other fields of medicine provides an encouraging perspective.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Polymorphisme social"
1
Molet, Mathieu. "Worker Polymorphism". In Encyclopedia of Social Insects, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_138-1.
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Molet, Mathieu. "Worker Polymorphism: Ants". In Encyclopedia of Social Insects, 1047–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28102-1_138.
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Schmid-Hempel, Paul. "Infection and colony variability in social insects". In Infection, Polymorphism and Evolution, 43–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0077-6_5.
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da Silva, Marjorie, Sidnei Mateus e Fernando Barbosa Noll. "Castes and Polymorphisms in Neotropical Social Wasps". In Neotropical Social Wasps, 99–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53510-0_6.
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Barany, Ernest. "Bifurcation as the Source of Polymorphism". In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 29–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03473-7_3.
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Roshani, O., M. Z. Mohd Syahril e R. Mohd Hafiz. "Genetic Polymorphisms of Unicellular Green Algae Strains Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA". In Proceedings of the International Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (ICSTSS) 2012, 635–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-077-3_75.
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Shia, J. S. K., Cannilia Kerine, K. L. Teh, M. Z. Salleh, S. N. Hussin, I. N. Ismail e N. J. Abdul Wahab. "Genotyping the Exon 10 of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor: Discovery of New Single Nucleotide Polymorphism". In Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014), 541–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0534-3_54.
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Hussin, Siti Nooraishah, e John Kwong Siew Shia. "Screening of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Gene Polymorphism Using Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (ASPCR) Method". In Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016), 679–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0074-5_65.
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Armando León-Rodríguez, Diego, Julian Becerra, Juan Carlos Caicedo Mera, Luis Fernando Cardenas, Jorge Martínez Cotrina e Diego Mauricio Aponte Canencio. "OXTR Gene Polymorphisms and Event-Related Potentials in Humans: A Systematic Review". In Oxytocin and Social Function. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112631.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene polymorphisms have been consistently associated with humans’ differences in sensitivity to social cues, social cognition, stress response, and brain activity. However, how social and affective neural processing differs across carriers of distinct OXTR gene polymorphisms remains unclear. This systematic PRISMA review is the first to examine the experimental literature on the relationship between OXTR polymorphisms and ERP components. Eight studies published between 2014 and 2019 were included. The rs53576 was the only OXTR gene polymorphism analyzed in all studies. The OXTR genetic variation explained significant changes in N1, P2, N2, P3, and late positive potential (LPP) components during social perception and empathy for pain tasks. OXTR genotypes were not related to P1, N170, N3, or any neural activity after 600 ms. The discussion is focused on the influence of OXTR genetics on neural processing, the development of brain neural networks implicated in social and emotional skills, cultural neuroscience of the oxytocinergic system, and methodological issues of this field. In conclusion, the evidence supports the hypothesis that genetic variations of the OXTR significantly influence neural activity related to emotional and social processing, except for the early phases of face recognition.
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Bandazheuski, Yuri, e Nataliia Dubovaya. "ELEMENTS OF ETIO-PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA IN CHILDREN LIVING IN THE REGIONS AFFECTED FROM THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT". In The scientific paradigm in the context of technological development and social change. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-297-5-25.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in the population of children living in the area affected by the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) requires a deep study of the etio-pathogenesis of metabolic disorders of the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine (Met) and homocysteine (Hcy) under radiation exposure. The purpose of the study was to assess the involvement of genetic (folate cycle polymorphisms – FC) and environmental factors in the occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia in boys and girls living in the Ivankovsky and Polessky districts of the Kyiv region of Ukraine, near the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ). The methodology of the study is based on the evaluation by statistical methods of the results of genetic and laboratory examinations of 690 children (368 girls and 322 boys), aged 8-17 years, obtained in the course of projects of the European Commission, the Regional Council of Rhone-Alpes (France) and the French public organization "Children Chernobyl". It has been shown that in most cases, the violation of Hcy metabolism and the occurrence of hyperhomocystinemia in children from areas affected by the Chernobyl accident are caused by the association of genotypes with risk alleles of MTHFR:C677T and MTRR:A66G polymorphisms. Given the wide prevalence in the population, combinations of their heterozygous forms are of the greatest importance.The risk allele G of the MTRR:66 polymorphism also has a negative effect on the processes of Hcy methylation when associated with the risk allele G of the MTR:A2756G polymorphism and with compound heterozygosity A/CMTHFR:1298 – C/TMTHFR:677. In the body of boys, compared with the body of girls, combinations of risk alleles for FC polymorphisms are manifested by a more pronounced disturbance of Hcy metabolism. The A/AMTRR:66 genotype promotes Hcy utilization in the transsulfuration cycle, even if only one C allele of the MTHFR:677 polymorphism functions.An external environmental factor in the form of radioactive agents incorporated into vital organs, undermining cellular energy, has a negative impact on the processes of cobalamin methylation. The consequence of this is the occurrence of a state of hyperhomocysteinemia in more than 50 % of boys and girls who do not have risk alleles of MTR:A2756G, MTHFR:C677T and MTRR:A66G polymorphisms in the genome. Conclusions. The main internal cause of hyperhomocysteinemia in children living near the ChEZ is the association of risk alleles for FC genetic polymorphisms.The combined effect of endogenous (genetic mutations of FC) and exogenous (radioactive elements, their decay products, substances formed during the combustion of wood) factors leads to disruption of the Hcymethylation process and the emergence of a state of hyperhomocysteinemia in children living in the territory affected by the Chernobyl accident. This type of metabolic disorder can be considered a distant consequence of the Chernobyl accident. Further research should be aimed at developing measures for the prevention and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia, as a condition associated with the occurrence of serious pathological processes.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Polymorphisme social"
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Соловьева, А. Д., Н. В. Бардуков e В. Р. Харзинова. "MITOCHONDRIAL DNA POLYMORPHISM IN DOMESTIC AND WILD REINDEER". In Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии, 33–34. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48397/arriab.2021.21.xxi.014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Северный олень (Rangifer tarandus) имеет важнейшее экономическое, социальное, культурное и экологическое значение для коренных малочисленных народов. Олени являются источником мяса, шкур, а иногда и молока, и их используют в качестве транспортных средств. The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is of major economic, social, cultural and environmental importance to indigenous peoples. Reindeer are a source of meat, skins, and sometimes milk, and are used as vehicles.
2
Mohd Nazif Samat Darawi, Chin Ai-Vyrn, Soraya Kunanayagam, Philip Poi Jun Hua, Habibah Hashim, Mustafar Kamal Hamzah e Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed. "Allele specific polymerase chain reaction for detection of the genetic polymorphism of NMDA receptor". In 2010 International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cssr.2010.5773888.
Testo completo
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Astaf'eva, E. A., T. A. Tolochko e A. A. Timofeeva. "THE EFFECT OF POLYMORPHISM OF THE MTHFR C677T GENE ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF LYMPHOCYTES DURING DRUG INTOXICATION". In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The prevalence of opioid dependence among the able-bodied population is an important
medical and social problem. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a key role in the
metabolism of narcotic drugs. A decrease in the enzyme activity in polymorphic variants of the
gene encoding it is associated with a decrease in the immunity of opioid addiction patients.
4
Firdausi, Annisa, Rini Puspitaningrum, Chris Adhiyanto, Nurmasari Sartono e Afifah izzati Afifah izzati. "Identification of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) Gene Polymorphism in Students of Elementary School in Kalideres, Jakarta". In 1st International Integrative Conference on Health, Life and Social Sciences (ICHLaS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichlas-17.2017.17.
Testo completo
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Saiz-Rodríguez, Miriam, Cecilia Gil-Polo, Mónica Diez-Fairen, Saul-Indra Martinez-Horta, Frederic Sampedro Santalo, Carla Collazo, Sara Calvo et al. "F42 Polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor and their association with apathy and impaired social cognition in Huntington’s disease". In EHDN 2022 Plenary Meeting, Bologna, Italy, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-ehdn.133.
Testo completo
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Bolatkhan, Makhatov, Gulzhan Mussayeva, Gulshat Shaikamal, Indira Beishova e Jan Micinski. "Early diagnosis of the causes of Holstein cows’ extinction by polymorphisms BGH-ALUI and BIGF-1-SNABI". In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “DIGITALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS”. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0192640.
Testo completo
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Syarifah, Siti, Dita Hasni, Tri Widyawati e Dwi Rita Anggraini. "The Association of G2677T Polymorphism in MDR1 Gene with Neutropenia Incidence in Breast Cancer Patients Treated by Doxorubicin based Chemotherapy". In 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010044204280431.
Testo completo
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Rahayu, Dwi, Ratih D. Yudhani, Ratna Kusumawati e Dono Indarto. "Iron Deficiency is The Main Cause of Anemia in Female Students of Secondary Schools in Sukoharjo Regency with No Polymorphism of Transferrin Receptor 1". In 1st International Integrative Conference on Health, Life and Social Sciences (ICHLaS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichlas-17.2017.41.
Testo completo
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Ramadhan, Moch Rizki, Chris Adhiyanto e Zeti Harriyati. "Identification of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Anemia in Medical Study Programs and Doctor Profession 2012-2014 Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University". In 1st International Integrative Conference on Health, Life and Social Sciences (ICHLaS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichlas-17.2017.19.
Testo completo
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Fathimah, Nurul, Chris Adhiyanto e Hari Hendarto. "The Description of Polymorphism of CYP1A1*2A rs4646903 (TgC) Gene as Colorectal Cancer Risk Factor In Medical Study Programs and Doctor Profession 2012-2014 UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta". In 1st International Integrative Conference on Health, Life and Social Sciences (ICHLaS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichlas-17.2017.21.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Polymorphisme social"
1
Zhao, Zepeng, Fengyuan Zhang e Yijin Li. The Relationship Between Il-1 RN intron 2 (VNTR) rs2234663 Gene Polymorphism and The Progression of Periodontitis: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0100.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies is to find out the association of IL-1 RN intron 2 (VNTR) rs2234663 Gene Polymorphism and the occurrence and progression of periodontitis(including chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis and early-onset periodontitis). Condition being studied: Periodontitis is one of the most common ailments affecting the teeth, leading to the destruction of the supporting and surrounding tooth structure. Periodontitis is originally a disease originating from the gingival tissue which if left untreated results in penetration of inflammation to the deeper tissues, altering the bone homeostasis causing tooth loss. Periodontal disease has a multifactorial origin. The main culprit identified in periodontitis is the bacterial biofilm growing on the tooth surfaces. The deleterious effects of periodontopathogens are not limited to the periodontium, but they also exude their ill effects on the systemic health of the patients. While the host response determines the progression of the disease, genetics, environmental factors, systemic health of the patient, lifestyle habits and various social determinants also play a role. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist encoded by this gene IL-1RN is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses, particularly in the acute phase of infection and inflammation. We aim to study their association by conducting a meta-analysis.