Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Polymères biocompatibles"
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Tesi sul tema "Polymères biocompatibles"
Flesch, Christophe. "Synthèse de nanocomposites magnétiques à base d'oxyde de fer et de polymères biocompatibles". Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0804.
Testo completoMagnetic hybrid materials offer promising opportunities for biomedical applications, like cells magnetic separation, MRI contras!enhancement or cancer treatment via magnetic hyperthermia. A lot of efforts are made for tailoring the size, magnetic properties, biocompatibility or colloïdal stability of these particles. We decided to graf! two different biocompatible polymers onto maghemite nanoparticles (y Fe203). The first one is poly(s-caprolactone) (PCL), a hydrophobie and biodegradable polyester and the second one is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a hydrophilic polyether which has the skill to prevent protein adsorption, increasing the plasma half-life of the particles after intravenous injection. Ln order to obtain a strong cohesion between the magnetic core and the polymerie,corona, severa! grafting routes have beer explored and optimized. We were thus able to obtain hydrophobie nanocomposites with high PCL amounts, up to 0. 8 g/g of maghemite, with hydrodynamic diameter equal to 60 or 200 nm depending on the grafting procedure. PEO coated hydrophilic nanocomposites, hydroxyl functionalized, with a hydrodynamic diameter of 50 nm and stable over the whole range of pH were aIso obtained in a one ste procedure. Such materials couId have potential in vivo applications after derivatization of the hydroxyl groups with molecules of biomedical interest. Inverse emulsion copolymerization of a PEO macromonomer and surface immobilized methacrylate groups was aIso shown to be an efficient way to coat magnetic particles with a hydroxyl-functionalized polymer. The amount of polymer in the material reached 8_glg of maghemite and the particles have an average diameter of 100 nm
Lakard, Sophie. "Culture et étude de neurones olfactifs sur des surfaces fonctionnalisées par des polymères aminés biocompatibles électrodéposés". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2031.
Testo completoDuring this study, we have first synthesized biocompatible polymers using electrochemistry in order to improve the adhesion and proliferation of neuronal cells. Thus, we have optimized the culture of mature olfactory neurons first on standard substrates, then on the electrodeposited polymers. We have also characterized these cells and study their structure and morphology. This study is original since extracellular matrix, such as collagen or laminin, are the most common used substrates contrary to electrodeposited polymers which are rarely used as culture substrate. The second part of this work combining electrochemistry and neurosciences consists in the elaboration of a biosensors destinated to recognize difrferent odours. Indeed, we want to elaborate a 'bio-nose' using a microsystem on which the polymer and the neurons can be fixed. Then, the neurons can grow on this microsystem and react to an olfactory stimulus by emitting an electronic and an ionic signal charasteristic of a particular odour
Hu, Ling. "Etude de nouveaux procédés de greffage de polymères biocompatibles sur des nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer : intérêt de la voie micro-onde". Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS062.
Testo completoMagnetic nanohybrids based on inorganic cores encapsulated by a biocompatible and/or biodegradable polymeric corona have been widely used in medical and pharmaceutical applications in aqueous medium. Generally, the magnetic nanoparticles are firstly obtained in aqueous medium and the grafting of polymer on the nanoparticles is then realized in an organic solvent. This work focuses on exploring a new approach to synthesis of core-corona structured nanohybrids in order to avoid the negative effects of classical synthesis techniques such as the significant loss of particles during washing procedures, the irreversible aggregation of particles and the danger of nano-powder materials after drying. This innovative approach was applied to obtain core-corona structured nanohybrids, based on maghemite nanoparticles and a water soluble, biocompatible polymer, polyethylene glycol methyl ether (mPEG), in aqueous medium (compatible with medical applications without further solvent exchange). Two synthesis methods, two-steps and one-step respectively, under classical heating, are developed. Their improvement by one-step microwave-assisted refluxing is also studied. In all cases, the grafting of mPEG, previously functionalized by introduction of silane ethoxy groups, on the surface of maghemite nanoparticle by forming a Fe-O-Si covalent bond is evidenced by different characterization methods. Grafted and isolated maghemite particles of 20 nm are obtained. It is obvious that one-step procedures give the same mPEG grafting amount (15% (w/w)) by using less reaction time. In particular, the one-step microwave procedure allows a time saving of 82% than the two-steps procedure. Moreover, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies reveal that microwave treatment tends to result in better crystallized particles. The experimental conditions developed are then reproduced to study a biodegradable nanohybrid by grafting a new biodegradable copolymer: polyethylene glycol methyl ether-co-poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (mPEG-co-PGEt) on the maghemite nanoparticle. A grafting amount of about 5% (w/w) is obtained after one hour reaction. This is the first investigation on the synthesis and the utilization of functionalized mPEG-co-PGEt as a new material. The new approach developed during this thesis allows to simplify the classical procedures and improve the product quality. It is applicable to other types of core-corona structured nanohybrids
Duffau, Emilie. "Systèmes injectables à libération prolongée de principe actif à partir de matériaux biocompatibles". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0368.
Testo completoControlled release systems are a therapeutic challenge in the pharmaceutical and veterinary. These systems give advantages such as reduced frequency of administration for better observance and an optimized intake of the therapeutic dose. Systems based on hydrophobic active ingredient, polymer and water soluble compound, have been developed by various methods and have been characterized. The structure / functionality have been put into evidence through various techniques such as Raman spectroscopy. The structures, mechanisms and the release time depending on the type of polymer, formulation and shaping technique. This work provides elements of understanding and useful methodological tools for the development of new formulations based on polymeric matrix system, flexible in terms of size, time of liberation and therapeutic target
Hachet, Emilie. "Systèmes biocompatibles et biodégradables par modification chimique contrôlée de polysaccharides pour le traitement de patients diabétiques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV083.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis belongs to the area of stimuli-responsive materials, which have attracted a growing interest since several years. Its aim is to design biocompatible and biodegradable stimuli-responsive nanogels obtained from chemically modified polysaccharides to treat diabetic patients. These systems may be used to release insulin in a self-regulated manner. This common disorder of blood glucose regulation due to a lack of insulin is a major public health problem affecting about 250 millions of people in the world today, as compared to 30 millions twenty years ago. Patients diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes must take insulin by injecting themselves with a needle at least twice a day. The nanogels targeted in this work are thus expected to release insulin as a function of blood glucose concentration.This project will thus consist in the controlled synthesis of polysaccharides bearing cross-linkable groups and a sugar sensor. These biopolymers will be then used to prepare hydrogels and nanogels (using liposomes as nanoreactors)
Akpalo, Amivi Edéfia. "Création de nouveaux biomatériaux Réseaux interpénétrés de Polymères Réseau POE-Réseau Fibrine". Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CERG0389.
Testo completoThis PhD project realized in close collaboration between a biochemistry team (ERRMECe - Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules), and a polymer laboratory (LPPI - Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces) was to create new biocompatible and handling materials based on fibrin gels for potential applications in tissue engineering. First, fibrin gels were cross-linked with an enzyme, transglutaminase, but it did not improve viscoelastic properties enough. A poly (ethylene glycol) network (POE network) was thus associated to the fibrin network into an interpenetrating polymer network architecture (IPN). The fibrin network is formed through a sol-gel transition induced by a fibrinogen enzymatic hydrolysis catalysed by thrombin. The POE network is synthesized by poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) oligomer cross-linking reaction initialized by Irgacure 2959 under UV radiations. A first IPN (named IPN 550-5) was elaborated from a pH 7. 4 Tris buffer solution containing 100 mg/mL PEGDM (molar mass of 550 g/mol) and 5 mg/mL fibrinogen. Different complementary analyses (IR, DSC, electrophoresis, …) showed that the two networks are generated one in presence of the other. In addition, the storage modulus is increased from one hundred Pascal for fibrin gel to one megapascal for IPN 550-5 both in a wet state. The improvement of fibrin network viscoelatic properties was thus achieved. In addition, the material is handling and shows good (re)hydration properties. Thus, the process was extended to other conditions. Varying the quantity of each polymer, the molecular mass of the synthetic polymer and controlling the concerted or antagonistic action of the used enzymes (thrombin and transglutaminase) result in the obtaining of different materials. This work represents a new approach in both biomaterials and enzyme fields
Zouari, Riadh. "Propriétés mécaniques de films de polyélectrolytes biocompatibles et de systèmes stimulables à base de cristaux liquides". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6002.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis has two distinct parts relating to the mechanical properties of polymer systems, namely polyelectrolytes multilayer (PEM) films and liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) in the dry state and in the swollen state, with a low molecular weight liquid crystal (LMWLC) as solvent. The experiments were carried out using an original piezorheology device developed in our laboratory, which imposes very low shear and compression strains to materials, in a wide frequency range (20 mHz – 104 Hz). All measurements were done in the linear response regime. The first part focuses on the mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte films called multilayers with exponential growth. It presents the first experimental evidence showing that these films are neither gels nor layered systems as was thought until now, but liquids consisting of polyelectrolyte complexes in solution. The cross-linked films are soft gels (~ 104 Pa) whose formation kinetic is governed by a single mechanism. In the second part, we investigate the mechanical properties of nematic monodomain (or uniaxial) side chain LCE, when they are dry, and then swollen with a LMWLC. The main results can be summarized as follows: a) the mechanical behavior can be simply described by the de Gennes model and not by the concept of soft or semi-soft elasticity, b) a progressive swelling transforms the supercritical elastomer into a gel exhibiting a first-order nematic to paranematic transition, and then into a supercritical gel when the swelling is total, c) chains are not Gaussian, d) the fully swollen gel is characterized by a “dip” in the curve giving the thermal variation of the real part of the shear modulus. This dip does not depend neither on the shear direction, perpendicular or parallel to the director, nor on the polydomain or monodomain structure of the elastomer. The supercritical state is confirmed by NMR measurements
Bodin, Noémi. "Formation d'émulsions multiples stables, stimulables et biocompatibles; application à l'encapsulation et au relargage contrôlé de principes actifs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX060/document.
Testo completoIn this work, we studied different kinds of emulsions stabilized by biocompatible diblock copolymers polydimethylsiloxane-b-poly(dimethylaminoethyle methacrylate) (PDMS-b-PDMAEMA). PDMAEMA is sensitive to pH and ionic strength thanks to the amine groups carried by the chain. Varying the latter parameters, we obtained direct, inverse and W/O/W double emulsions in only one emulsification step, by shearing an aqueous phase and a biocompatible oil (Miglyol® 812 or isopropyle myristate). For a copolymer having hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks of similar lengths, PDMS60-b-PDMAEMA50, very stable multiple emulsions (more than two years) were obtained, for pH close to pKa of PDMAMEA and in a large range of salt concentrations. Cytotoxicity measurements were performed on intestinal human cells, proving the possibility of using the emulsions stabilized with these copolymers to develop applications for health care.pH lowering allows to turn direct emulsions to multiple ones, leading to the controlled release of encapsulated species in the inner water drops. Encapsulation tests have been carried out with a model molecule, sucrose, and with an antioxidant extracted from green tea, catechin. Both molecules could be released from our emulsions by reducing the pH, despite the formation of hydrogen bonds between the encapsulated compounds and the copolymer which prevented complete deliverance. We demonstrated the ability of our multiple emulsions to protect the fragile catechin molecule during storage and preserve its antioxidant capacity.Additionally, we achieved the formation of PDMS-b-PDMAEMA stabilized emulsions by microfluidics. An innovative method was developed to allow the formation of double emulsions on PDMS microchips in an easy way. W/O/W emulsions were obtained for precise pH and salt concentrations, and catechin could also be successfully encapsulated in the internal water droplets by this method
Cázares, Cortés Esther Del Carmen. "Synthèse de nanogels biocompatibles et multi-stimulables pour la libération contrôlée d'une molécule modèle par hyperthermie magnétique et photothermie". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066290/document.
Testo completoHybrid nanogels, composed of thermoresponsive polymers and inorganic responsive nanoparticles, such as magnetic nanoparticles (NPMs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) are highly interesting for biomedical applications. Their polymeric matrix makes them able to uptake and release high quantities of drugs, whereas nanoparticles can generate heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) for NPMs, and to a near-infrared light for AuNRs. This thesis manuscript focuses on the synthesis and the characterization of biocompatible, pH- and thermoresponsive nanogels, based on oligo(ethylene glycol) monomers (OEGMAs), methacrylic acid (MAA) and encapsulating NPMs and/or AuNR for remotely triggered doxorubicin (DOX, anticancer drug) release, by magnetic hyperthermia or phothothermia. Hybrid magnetic, plasmonic and magneto-plasmonic nanogels were synthesized. Theses nanogels have a hydrodynamic diameter between 200 and 500 nm and a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) from 30 to 54°C. The nanogels’ swelling-deswelling behavior can be induced by several stimuli (temperature, pH, AMF, NIR-L). These results demonstrate that MagNanoGels are excellent nanocarriers for enhancing cellular internalization enhancing DOX cytotoxicity and that DOX release was significantly enhanced upon exposure to AMF in athermic conditions. In addition, PlasMagNanoGels can efficiently generate heat by photothermy for thermotherapy. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of NPMs for magnetic targeting and as contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), make these nanogels ideal candidates for a new therapeutic approach (diagnosis and treatment) against cancer
Bokov, Plamen. "Description expérimentale et numérique de l'interaction entre un stent biodégradable et la paroi artérielle". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077109.
Testo completoWe have addressed the interaction between a biodegradable coronary stent and the arterial wall using experimental methods and a 3D numerical simplified model based on an equivalent pressure hypothesis. Two types of stents are investigated numerically: a PLLA-PTT stent (poly-L-lactic acid and polytrimethylene terephtalate copolymer) and a stainless steel stent. Three dimensional finite element simulations of the opening mechanics permitted to establish that a post-angioplastic dilatation of 7% is possible by using biodegradable stents. On the other hand, we show experimentally that the radial strength of biodegradable stents in PLLA is comparable to that of stainless steel stents. An important part of this work is devoted to the characterization of hemodynamical incidence of the stent and the pressure pulse reflection when a two dimensional axisymmetric geometrical configuration of the stent-artery System is considered. The stent is either represented as a local hardening of the arterial wall or as a geometrical protrusion in the arterial lumen. The impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of the shear rate at the wall is examined in detail and it is shown that the presence of the stent significantly disturbs the constraints near the site of stenting. This effect is extended a few centimeters upstream and downstream of the stented area. The detailed analysis of perturbations of the parietal viscous stress is a critical factor predicting the major risks of restenosis
Libri sul tema "Polymères biocompatibles"
Silver, Frederick H. Biocompatibility: Interactions of biological and implantable materials. New York, N.Y: VCH, 1989.
Cerca il testo completoW, Shalaby Shalaby, e Burg Karen J. L, a cura di. Absorbable biodegradable polymers: Contemporary topics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004.
Cerca il testo completoX, Ma Peter, e Elisseeff Jennifer H, a cura di. Scaffolding in tissue engineering. Boca Raton: Taylor&Francis, 2006.
Cerca il testo completo1939-, Dumitriu Severian, a cura di. Polymeric biomaterials. 2a ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2002.
Cerca il testo completoIgor, Galaev, e Mattiasson Bo 1945-, a cura di. Smart polymers: Applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. 2a ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007.
Cerca il testo completoL, Reis Rui, e San Román Julio, a cura di. Biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.
Cerca il testo completoL, Reis Rui, e San Román Julio, a cura di. Biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.
Cerca il testo completoBio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composite Materials. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2019.
Cerca il testo completoM, Visakh P., Oguz Bayraktar e Gopalakrishnan Menon. Bio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composite Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2019.
Cerca il testo completoM, Visakh P., Oguz Bayraktar e Gopalakrishnan Menon. Bio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composite Materials. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2019.
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