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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Polymère P3HT"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 2 novembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Polymère P3HT"

Nguyen, Thanh-Danh, Van-Hai Nguyen, Jongwoo Song, Jongdeok An, Ngoc-Thuan Truong, Chi-Hien Dang e Chan Im. "Molecular Weight-Dependent Physical and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Butyl, Hexyl, and Octyl Side-Chains". Polymers 13, n. 19 (7 ottobre 2021): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193440.

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A series of poly-3-alkylthiophenes (P3ATs) with butyl (P3BT), hexyl (P3HT), and octyl (P3OT) side-chains and well-defined molecular weights (MWs) were synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization. The MWs of P3HTs and P3OTs obtained via gel permeation chromatography agreed well with the calculated MWs ranging from approximately 10 to 70 kDa. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the crystalline melting temperature increased with increasing MWs and decreasing alkyl side-chain length, whereas the crystallinity of the P3ATs increased with the growth of MWs. An MW-dependent red shift was observed in the UV–Vis and photoluminiscence spectra of the P3ATs in solution, which might be a strong evidence for the extended effective conjugation occurring in polymers with longer chain lengths. The photoluminescence quantum yields of pristine films in all polymers were lower than those of the diluted solutions, whereas they were higher than those of the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-blended films. The UV–Vis spectra of the films showed fine structures with pronounced red shifts, and the interchain interaction-induced features were weakly dependent on the MW but significantly dependent on the alkyl side-chain length. The photovoltaic device performances of the P3BT and P3HT samples significantly improved upon blending with a fullerene derivative and subsequent annealing, whereas those of P3OTs mostly degraded, particularly after annealing. The optimal power conversion efficiencies of P3BT, P3HT, and P3OT were 2.4%, 3.6%, and 1.5%, respectively, after annealing with MWs of ~11, ~39, and ~38 kDa, respectively.

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Kubota, Mayara, Ricardo Fernandes e Santana de. "Electrical, optical and structural characterization of interfaces containing poly(3-alkylthiophenes)(P3ATs) and polydiphenylamine on ITO/TiO2: Interaction between P3ATs polymeric segments and TiO2". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, n. 00 (2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc231125024k.

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With the aim of studying the use of conjugated polymers poly(3- methylthiophene) (P3MT), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polydiphenylamine (PDPA) to make up the active layer of inverted organic solar cells forming the interface with TiO2, and also help shed light on the optical and electronic properties applied to develop this technology, the interfaces between films containing P3MT, P3HT and PDPA on ITO electrode were electrochemically prepared, after chemically depositing a film of TiO2. The systems under investigation were designated ITO/TiO2/P3MT, ITO/TiO2/PDPA/P3MT, ITO/TiO2/PDPA, ITO/TiO2/P3HT and ITO/TiO2/PDPA/P3HT and characterized by Raman techniques (Spectroscopy and Microscopy), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Photoluminescence (PL). In this study, the aromatic, semiquinone and quinone segments in the polymer matrices of the poly(3-alkylthiophenes)(P3ATs) and PDPA at these interfaces were monitored and characterized by comparison with films of their homopolymers by means of Raman spectroscopy and EIS. Raman imaging demonstrates that the P3MT film can be incorporated into the titanium oxide crystalline lattice. The systems containing P3MT or P3HT were found to strongly interact with the TiO2, stabilizing the P3AT radical cation segments, and the presence of PDPA destabilized this interaction. These findings were complemented by low-temperature (15 K) PL spectra, revealing a reduction in the intensity and displacement of the band associated with radical cation emission, observed in the absence of TiO2 in the system under investigation.

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Medrano-Solís, Alma B., María E. Nicho-Díaz e Hailin Hu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) applied in a Dual Electrochromic Device". MRS Proceedings 1767 (2015): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.226.

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ABSTRACTThe polyaniline (PANI) and regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HTr) are polymers synthesized easily, can be deposited as a film by various techniques, are materials that exhibit a variety of colors to go through oxidation processes and reduction by applying an external potential, both polymers have an immediate response rate of color. The electrochemical behavior of the PANI and P3HTr is complementary, that is, if a positive potential to the device is applied, the PANI film is oxidized while the P3HTr film is reduced, on the other hand, if a negative potential is applied, the PANI film is reduced while the P3HTr film is oxidized. Both films in its redox process are clarified and obscured at the same time, this color change provides a significant difference in optical transmittance on a dual electrochromic device (DED's).In this research, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) was synthesized and characterized, films were deposited by spin-coating and dip-coating techniques. Polyaniline films were deposited by chemical bath and spin-coating techniques. Dual electrochromic devices based on P3HTr and PANI were prepared. The devices were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy at three different voltages: 1.4 V, 0 V and -1.4 V, optical kinetic tests were also performed at 550 nm applying a positive potential (1.4 V) and negative (-1.4 V). The results indicated the wavelength where both (PANI and P3HT) reach the greatest difference in transmittance. The influence of deposit type of polymer films on electrochromic response was determined.

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Fatin Hana Naning, Syed Abdul Malik e Hafizul Fahri Hanafi. "Isotherm Behaviour of P3OT, P3HT and PCBM Langmuir Layer on Ionic Subphase". Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 29, n. 3 (8 febbraio 2023): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.29.3.168174.

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Isotherms are generally curves that depict the phenomena that govern a substance’s mobility at a constant temperature and pH. In this study, the Langmuir layer of P3OT, P3HT and PCBM were characterised by computing their surface pressure as a function of the surface area available to the molecules at the interface to obtain a curve called surface pressure – area (Π-A) isotherm. All three polymers were spread on two types of subphases - DI water and water containing bivalent metal ions, Pb2+. None of the Langmuir layers exhibits discrete gas-liquid-solid phase transitions on the water subphase. However, more stable Langmuir layers formed when lead ions were added to the water subphase. The stability enables the capping of lead ions between the polymer chain or within the balls, which can be implemented in flexible electronic devices.

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Chen, Jean Hong, Jian Yi Li, Lung Chuan Chen e Ching Iuan Su. "Morphology and Microstructure of Aggregates and Gelation Behaviour of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) in Xylene Solution". Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (dicembre 2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.115.

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In this work, we investigate the morphology and microstructure of the aggregates, and the gelation behaviour of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) conjugated polymer in xylene solution as functions of P3HT concentration and aging time by the means of ageing time test, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible absorption (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The result reveals that the gelation time of P3HT/xylene solution decreases markedly with increasing P3HT concentration. The photophysical properties of the P3HT aggregates in P3HT/xylene solution increase as P3HT concentration and ageing time are raised. It indicates that the well soluble P3HT polymer chains in xylene solution present microphase separation and self-assemble into stiff sheetlike structure, which associates by rodlike nanowhiskers of P3HT polymers during aging. Upon prolonged aging, the sheetlike structure of P3HT aggregates to from the three-dimension network that improves the electronic particle mobility in the organic solar cell.

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Sairam, Koneti, e A. Sivagami. "Comparison the Electrical Characteristics of PEDOT: PSS Tandem Solar Cell and P3HT Tandem Solar Cell by Varying Thickness". Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, n. 1 (29 giugno 2021): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21095.

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Aim: This project aims to improve the electrical characteristics in the polymer tandem solar cell by changing polymers with thickness to increase the efficiency. Methods and Materials: The PEDOT: PSS and P3HT Polymer was chosen as a group having 20 samples in each respectively. The electrical characteristics are stimulated by varying the polymer with thickness. Changing the polymer material leads to improved efficiency in the tandem solar cell. Results: The Independent T test was done which reveals that the P3HT (P = 0.553) was found to be statistically significantly compared with PEDOT: PSS polymer material. Conclusion: The analysis we found P3HT appeared to have better efficiency than PEDOT: PSS polymer tandem solar cell from Green energy. While P3HT(p=0.583) having the better significance compared with PEDOT: PSS (p=0.883).

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García-Escobar, C. H., M. E. Nicho, Hailin Hu, G. Alvarado-Tenorio, P. Altuzar-Coello, G. Cadenas-Pliego e D. Hernández-Martínez. "Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the Subsequent Photovoltaic Performance of CdS/P3HT Solar Cells". International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1926972.

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Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a semiconductor polymer that has been proved to be a good electron donor in organic or hybrid solar cells. In this work, a detailed study of P3HT synthesis in CH2Cl2solvent by oxidative method with and without MW assistance has been conducted. Effects of synthesis process parameters on the physical properties of P3HT products and their application in hybrid CdS/P3HT photovoltaic devices were studied. It is observed that the use of MW as well as the reaction time affected the reaction yield and properties of the polymer products. It was found that, by the traditional method (without MW), the maximum yield and the properties of the polymer products were similar after 2 h or 24 h of synthesis. The optimal reaction time with MW for P3HT polymerization in CH2Cl2solvent was 1 h, and the obtained P3HT product showed similar or better properties than those P3HT polymers synthesized by the traditional method in the same solvent. The effect of using MW during the synthesis was to increase yield and crystal size of P3HT. Larger energy conversion efficiency of ITO/CdS/P3HT/CP-Au devices was obtained when the P3HT product had higher molecular weight and head/tail-head/tail (HT-HT) triad contents.

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Melnikov, Alexey P., Martin Rosenthal, Tim Erdmann, Anton Kiriy e Dimitri A. Ivanov. "Thermal Properties of Poly(3-(2′-Ethyl)Hexylthiophene): Study with a Real-Time Combination of Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering and Ultrafast Chip Calorimetry". Key Engineering Materials 869 (ottobre 2020): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.375.

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Here we report on reorganization on heating of a perspective organic semiconductor poly(3-(2′-ethyl)hexylthiophene) (P3EHT). P3EHT is an analogue of a well-known poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), which has comparable optoelectronic properties and the advantage of a lower processing temperature. The processes of structural reorganization during heating of P3EHT have been explored with a combination of synchrotron X-ray scattering and ultrafast chip calorimetry. The signature of reorganization has been identified from an increase of d-spacing of 100 peak of the P3EHT unit cell. It was observed that reorganization operates during heating of P3EHT at conventional rates of a DSC experiment (i.e., at 10 deg/min), whereas it is largely suppressed at a heating rate of 100 deg/s. Despite the absence of reorganization at high heating rates the calorimetric curves exhibit pronounced double melting, which corroborates the model of the negative pressure building up during crystallization of semi-rigid chain polymers.

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Orlova, M., S. Didenko, D. Saranin, O. Rabinovich, A. Panichkin e I. Borzykh. "New Polymer Systems for Use in Organic Photovoltaics". International Journal of Nanoscience 17, n. 05 (ottobre 2018): 1750022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x17500223.

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In this paper, new polymers for use in organic photovoltaics were investigated. PPBI, PNBI and copolymer MULT are considered as a potential alternative or an effective dopant for P3HT and PCBM. The choice of these materials allows us to find out new information on the prospects and properties of heterocyclic polymers — for thermal stability and resistance to the environment for organic solar cells. The levels of HOMO and LUMO of new heterocyclic polymers were measured, and the results were compared with those of P3HT: PCBM. The level of new polymer MULT photoluminescence was determined. The absorption blend for P3HT: PCBM peak absorption shift was detected by adding 5% (by mass) of the new polymer MULT, the value of 30–40[Formula: see text]nm to longer wavelengths. Data obtained by cyclic voltammetry showed deep HOMO levels of heterocyclic polymers in values of about [Formula: see text]6[Formula: see text]eV, which is promising in terms of acceptor properties.

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Borazan, Ismail, Yasin Altin, Ali Demir e Ayse Celik Bedeloglu. "Characterization of organic solar cells using semiconducting polymers with different bandgaps". Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, n. 7 (26 luglio 2019): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0052.

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Abstract Polymer-based organic solar cells are of great interest as they can be produced with low-cost techniques and also have many interesting features such as flexibility, graded transparency, easy integration, and lightness. However, conventional wide bandgap polymers used for the light-absorbing layer significantly affect the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells because they collect sunlight in a given spectrum range and due to their limited stability. Therefore, in this study, polymers with different bandgaps were used, which could allow for the production of more stable and efficient organic solar cells: P3HT as the wide bandgap polymer, and PTB7 and PCDTBT as low bandgap polymers. These polymers with different bandgaps were combined with PCBM to obtain increased efficiency and optimum photoactive layer in the organic solar cell. The obtained devices were characterized by measuring optical, photoelectrical, and morphological properties. Solar cells using the PTB7 and PCDTBT polymers had more rough surfaces than the reference cell using P3HT. The use of low-bandgap polymers improved Isc significantly, and when combined with P3HT, a higher Voc was obtained.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Polymère P3HT"

Alet, Pierre-Jean. "Cellules photovoltaïques en couches minces à base de silicium nanostructuré et de polymère semiconducteur". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0055.

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Cette thèse présente un travail exploratoire sur des cellules solaires hybrides, basées sur un matériau inorganique (le silicium) et un polymère (le P3HT). Cette structure a été imaginée pour améliorer les cellules à bas coûts à base de matériaux organiques. Nous démontrons ici sa faisabilité expérimentale et analysons son fonctionnement. L'hétérojonction entre le silicium et le P3HT a été étudiée sur des dispositifs en bicouches planes. Nous montrons qu'elle fournit de l'énergie électrique et que les deux matériaux peuvent contribuer au photocourant. Des rendements de 1,6 % ont été obtenus. Un effort constant a été fait pour simplifier et fiabiliser les procédés de fabrication. Deux nouveaux types de silicium nano-structuré ont été développés. Des ``nano-éponges'', dont la taille typique des pores est de 20 nm, ont été obtenues à l'aide de catalyseurs métalliques par dépôts assistés par plasma à 175 °C. Des nanofils de silicium ont été formés par un procédé inédit : les substrats sont des oxydes transparents conducteurs, les catalyseurs sont générés in situ et la température de croissance est inférieure à 300 °C. La phase würtzite a été mise en évidence dans certains fils, et divers modes de croissance ont été observés. Ces deux nouveaux types de couches minces pourront aussi être utilisées dans des cellules solaires inorganiques
This thesis presents an exploratory work on a new design of hybrid solar cells, which are based on a junction between an inorganic material (silicon) and a polymer (P3HT). This structure is intended to improve the efficiency of organic based solar cells while maintaining low costs. Here, we investigate its experimental feasibility, and we analyze its performance. The hetero-junction between silicon and P3HT has been studied on bilayer devices. We have shown that this junction generates electrical power under illumination, and that both silicon and P3HT can contribute to the photocurrent. Power conversion efficiencies up to 1. 6% have been obtained. A large amount of work has been done to simplify the fabrication process and to improve its reliability. Two new nano-structured silicon layers have been developed. “Nanosponge” layers, where the typical dimension of pores is 20nm, have been obtained by metal-catalyzed plasma-enhanced CVD at 175C°. Silicon nanowires have been grown by a completely new process: the substrates are transparent conductive oxides, the catalysts are generated in situ, and the growth temperature is below 300C°. The würtzite (Si-IV) phase has been identified in some wires, and various growth modes are observed. Both kinds of layers may also find applications in inorganic solar cells

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Mulderig, Andrew J. "Performance and Active Layer Morphology of P3HT-PCPDTBT Organic Photovoltaic Cells". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1457619609.

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Hon, Sherman Siu-Man. "Calcium vapour deposition on semiconducting polymers studied by adsorption calorimetry and visible light absorption". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/863.

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A novel UHV microcalorimeter has been used to study the interaction between calcium and three polymers: MEH-PPV, MEH-PPP and P3HT. All three polymers behave differently in their reaction kinetics with calcium. On MEH-PPV we measure 45 μJ/cm² of heat generated in excess of the heat of bulk metal growth, 120 μJ/cm² for MEH-PPP, and 100 μJ/cm² for P3HT. Comparison of the MEH-PPV and MEHPPP data indicate that the initial reaction of calcium with MEH-PPV occurs at the vinylene group. We propose, based on hypothetical models, that calcium reacts with the vinylene groups of MEH-PPV with a reaction heat of 360 kJ/mol and at a projected surface density of 1.7 sites/nm², while it reacts with the phenylene groups of MEH-PPP in a two-step process with reaction heats of 200 and 360 kJ/mol respectively, at a projected surface density of 3.5 sites/nm². Optical absorption experiments, using either a 1.85 eV diode laser or a xenon lamp coupled to a scanning monochromator, have also been performed using the same calorimeter sensor. In the case of MEH-PPV, using the laser we find an optical absorption cross-section of 3E-¹⁷ cm² per incident calcium atom at low coverages. The change in absorptance at higher coverages correlates perfectly with the population of reacted Ca atoms determined calorimetrically. The size of the absorbance cross-section, and its position just within the band gap of the polymer, are consistent with the reaction being one of polaron formation. Calcium does not appear to dope P3HT, while the photon energy range of 1.5 to 3.75 eV used in these experiments is likely too small for probing polaronic energy states in MEH-PPP.

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Yu, Fei. "Graphene-enhanced Polymer Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439310775.

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Chapa, Garza Jose L. "A Comparative Study of the Morphology of Flow and Spin Coated P3HT:PCBM Films". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374520548.

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Xu, Yifan. "Studies on field effect transistors with conjugated polymer and high permittivity gate dielectrics using pulsed plasma polymerization". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124219179.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 187 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-187). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Agumba, John O. [Verfasser], e Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Reiter. "Formation and optical characterization of single crystals of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT), a model conjugated polymer". Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119717477/34.

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Haas, Olivier. "Etude des défauts électriquement actifs dans les cellules solaires organiques". Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=570d3f0e-b7f0-460b-acca-69de2d97f99f.

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L’objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les cellules solaires organiques à base de poly(3-hexylthiophène):[6,6]-phényl-C61-butyrate de méthyle (P3HT:PCBM) et de déterminer les paramètres de pièges dans ces dispositifs. Tout d’abord, les caractérisations spectroscopiques et morphologiques des films de polymère ainsi que l'étude de l'évolution des couches après vieillissement ont été réalisées. Les rendements des cellules utilisant des mélanges de composition variable comme couche active ont été déterminés. Pour les matériaux employés, le meilleur rendement a été obtenu pour un rapport P3HT/PCBM égal à 1,25. L’analyse effectuée sur les films conduit à la conclusion que la performance des cellules est dépendante de l’organisation des domaines nanométriques du mélange, qui elle-même est fonction de la solubilité des matériaux dans le solvant. L’analyse des caractéristiques électriques de courant-tension des cellules suggère une conduction par la charge d'espace avec des pièges présents dans la couche active. L'étude approfondie des défauts a été réalisée par mesures de courant thermiquement stimulé complété par celle de spectroscopie des pièges profonds par la charge. Les paramètres de pièges ont été déterminés dans les cellules utilisant le P3HT et les mélanges de P3HT:PCBM, de compositions différentes. Les niveaux de pièges spécifiques dans les matériaux ont été identifiés et comparés aux résultats rapportés dans la littérature. Ce travail constitue une première approche de caractérisation de pièges dans les cellules solaires organiques par des techniques adaptées aux semiconducteurs organiques
The objective of this work is to study organic solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyrate de methyle (P3HT:PCBM) blend as a photoactive layer and to determine the trap parameters in these devices. First, we performed the spectroscopic and morphological characterizations of the polymer thin films and we studied their evolution after aging. The effficiencies of the solar cells using blends of different compositions as an active layer were then determined. For the materials used in this work, the best efficiency was obtained for the blend having a P3HT/PCBM ratio of 1. 25. Structural analyses of the blend films suggested that the cell efficiency depends on the organization of the nano-domains in the blend, which in turn is dependent of the solubility of the organic materials. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cells indicated a space charge limited conduction (SCLC) with a trap filling process. The defect study was completed by making use of the Thermally Stimuleted Current technique and the charge based Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. The trap parameters were determined for devices using P3HT polymer and P3HT:PCBM blends of different compositions as a photoactive layer. The trap levels of the materials were determined and were compared to those reported in the literature. This study is a original work on the characterization of traps in organic solar cells by performing several techniques which are proved to be adapted for organic semiconductors

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Livingstone, Veronica Jean. "One-Pot In-Situ Synthesis of Conductive Polymer/Metal Oxide Composites". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo158860469194691.

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Zellmeier, Matthias. "Characterization of hybrid solar cells prepared from poly-thiophenes and silicon". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17666.

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Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Entwicklung einer Hybridsolarzelle, in der der anorganische Halbleiter Silizium, das organische Polymer und das Kontaktsystem so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass ihre Kombination zu einem Bauelement mit hohem Wirkungsgrad führt. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen wurden verschiedene Maßnahmen ergriffen. Neue Polymermaterialien, abgeleitet von dem prototypischen organischen Halbleiter poly(3-hexylthiophen 2,5 diyl) (P3HT), namentlich poly(3-[3,6-dioxaheptyl]-thiophen) (P3DOT) und poly(3-[2,5,8-trioxanonyl]-thiophen) (P3TOT), wurden umfassend hinsichtlich ihrer Struktur untersucht. Poly thiophen/c-Si hybride Solarzellen, hergestellt aus diesen neuen Polymeren, erreichten Effizienzen bis zu 11 %. Die vollständigen Banddiagramme dieser Poly thiophen/c-Si Hybridgrenzflächen wurden mittels Photoelektronenspektroskopie aufgenommen. Außerdem wurde der Einfluss des Kontaktsystems auf die darunter liegenden Schichten mittels Oberflächenspannungsspektroskopie untersucht. Das Resultat dieser Messungen weißt eine Inversionslage unter der Siliziumoberfläche nach, die sich aufgrund des verwendeten semitransparenten Metallkontaktes formt. Dadurch lassen sich diese Bauteile als MIS Inversionsschicht Solarzelle kategorisieren. Um die Hybridsolarzellen weiter zu verbessern, wurde versucht den semitransparenten Metallkontakt durch Graphen zu ersetzen. Das Graphen wurde durch einen CVD-Prozess gewachsen und erreichte eine laterale Ausdehnung von bis zu 1 cm2. Der Übertrag auf die Solarzelle erfolgte mittels eines Wasser und Zerstörungsfreiem Transferprozess. Trotz dem erfolgreichen Aufbringen des Graphen limitierte ein geringer Füllfaktor aufgrund der geringen Ladungsträgerdichte im Graphen den Wirkungsgrad der Solarzelle. In einem letzten Schritt wurde das Polymer P3HT zum ersten Mal mit polykristallinen Siliziumabsorbern kombiniert. Die invertierte Zellstruktur, die hierbei zu Anwendung kam, erhöhte die Lebensdauer der Solarzelle erheblich.
The scope of this thesis was the development of a hybrid solar cell based on silicon in which the inorganic semiconductor, the organic polymer and the contact system are combined in such a manner to result in a photovoltaic device with high power conversion efficiency. To reach this goal several measures were taken. New polymer materials derived from the prototypical organic semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene 2,5 diyl) (P3HT), namely poly(3-[3,6-dioxaheptyl]-thiophene) (P3DOT) and poly(3-[2,5,8-trioxanonyl]-thiophene) (P3TOT), were extensively characterized regarding its structural properties. Poly thiophene/c-Si hybrid solar cells fabricated from these new polymers exhibited power conversion efficiencies up to 11 %. The energy level alignment of these poly thiophene/c Si hybrid interfaces was studied using photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the influence of the contact system on the underlying wafer is investigated with surface photovoltage measurements. The measurements revealed the formation of an inversion layer beneath the silicon surface due to the semitransparent metal contact used in the devices. Therefore, these devices can be classified as MIS inversion layer solar cells. To further improve the hybrid poly thiophene/c-Si solar cells by substituting the semitransparent metal contact, graphene was implemented in the device design as a transparent front contact. The CVD grown graphene sheet had a lateral size of up to 1 cm2 and was applied onto the solar cell using a non-destructive and water-free transfer process. However, despite the successful transfer the power conversion efficiency was restricted by the low fill factor due to a low charge carrier density in the graphene. As a last step, hybrid solar cells in the combination P3HT/polycrystalline silicon absorbers on glass were fabricated for the first time. The inverted device structure used for these solar cells proved beneficial for the lifetime. These devices were stable for up to 3 months.

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Libri sul tema "Polymère P3HT"

Ludwigs, Sabine. P3HT Revisited – From Molecular Scale to Solar Cell Devices. Springer, 2016.

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Ludwigs, Sabine. P3HT Revisited - from Molecular Scale to Solar Cell Devices. Springer, 2014.

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Ludwigs, Sabine. P3HT Revisited - from Molecular Scale to Solar Cell Devices. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2014.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Polymère P3HT"

Musumeci, A. W., G. G. Silva, J. W. Liu, L. Rintoul, E. R. Waclawik e G. A. George. "MWNT Polymer Nanocomposites Based on P3HT". In Advanced Materials and Processing IV, 291–94. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-466-9.291.

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Li, Zhongrui, e Liqiu Zheng. "P3HT-MWNT Nanocomposites by In-situ Polymerization and Their Properties". In In-Situ Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites, 303–29. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527640102.ch12.

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Ahmad, Zubair, Muhammad Awais, Mansoor Ani Najeeb, R. A. Shakoor e Farid Touati. "Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) (P3HT), Poly(Gamma-Benzyl-l-Glutamate) (PBLG) and Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) as Energy Harvesting Materials". In Smart Polymer Nanocomposites, 95–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50424-7_4.

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Kim, Hee Joo, Kyung Lee, Jong Cheol Lee e Sang Jin Moon. "Device Performance of P3HT/C₇₀-Methanofullerene Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Photovoltaic Cells". In Solid State Phenomena, 935–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.935.

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Hejczyk, Tomasz, Jarosław Wrotniak e Wiesław Jakubik. "Numerical Analysis of the Steady State in SAW Sensor Structures with Selected Polymers for Detection of DMMP and CO". In Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109367.

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The chapter presents the results of the numerical investigation of the SAW gas detector structures with selected polymer layers in steady-state conditions. The effect of SAW velocity changes vs. the surface electrical conductivity of the detector structures is predicted on the base of acoustoelectric elemental theory. The electrical surface conductivity of the rough polymer sensing layer placed above the piezoelectric waveguide depends on the profile of the diffused gas molecule concentration inside the whole detector structure. Numerical results in the steady state conditions for the gas molecules DMMP and polymer layer of (RR)-P3HT have been shown as well as for carbon oxide molecules with thin polyaniline and polypyrrole layer. The main aim of the investigations was to study a thin film’s interaction with targeted gases in the SAW detector configuration based on diffusion equations for polymers. Numerical results for profile concentration in steady state conditions for gas molecules concentration, film thickness, roughness, and interaction temperature have been shown. The results of numerical analyzes allow for selecting better detector design conditions, including the morphology of the detector layer, its thickness, operating temperature, and layer type. The numerical results, based on the code written in Python, were shown.

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Pud, Alexander A., Nikolay A. Ogurtsov e Olga S. Kruglyak. "Influence of dopant on the specific features of formation and properties of nanocomposites of poly(3-methylthiophene) with polyvinylidene fluoride". In NEW FUNCTIONAL SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, 159–74. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.444.159.

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The work is devoted to the development and study of conducting nanocomposites of poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), suitable for changing properties when interaction with of the environment components, and to find factors of influence on properties of such materials. The kinetic aspects of P3MT formation in the process of 3-methylthiophene (3MT) polymerization in PVDF dispersions in the presence of dopants of different nature, in particular, chloride (Cl-), as well as surface-active dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS-) and perfluorooctanoate (PFO-) anions are studied. It is found that DBS- and PFO- anions inhibit 3MT oxidation and decrease P3MT yield in comparison with those of chloride anions. It is shown that P3MT is formed through two consecutive kinetically different reactions of pseudo-first order in terms of the oxidant concentration. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that as a result of such polymerization nanoparticles of doped P3MT formed a surface inhomogeneous layer on PVDF particles, thus forming nanocomposite particles with core-shell morphology. Thermal studies showed higher thermal stability of the doped P3MT phase in the nanocomposite compared to the pure polymer. It is found that thermal stability of the P3MT phase in the PVDF/P3MT-DBS nanocomposites is higher than in the PVDF/P3MT-Cl. The influence of the dopant nature and content of doped P3MT on conductivity and sensitivity of the nanocomposites to vapors of harmful volatile organic compounds (acetone and isopropanol) is characterized. The strongest responses to acetone are shown by the nanocomposite with PFO- dopant. In the DBS- dopant case medium intensity responses are found and the lowest ones are observed for Cl- dopant. It is shown that the sensitivity of nanocomposites extremely depends on the conducting polymer content.

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"TABLE 3 EL Efficiencies of the P30T/PVK". In Photonic Polymer Systems, 275–88. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269970-14.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Polymère P3HT"

Wone, T. K. S., Y. L. Lam, Y. C. Chan, X. Hu e H. Liu. "Ultraviolet Laser Lithography of Conjugated Polythiophene Thin Films". In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthh79.

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The lithographic patterning of conjugated polymer thin films is important for both device applications such as light emitting diodes and for microlithography. Previous patterning methods which include selective photoelectrochemical deposition and scanning electrochemical microscopy were limited by either the small size of the pattern or the need for photoconductive substrates. In this presentation, we demonstrate that conjugated polymers from the polythiophene series can be patterned directly (without resist) by using the 325nm ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a helium cadmium (He-Cd) laser. These results are an extension of the previous work by Abdou et al [1] and Hu et al [2] on laser irradiation effects on the polythiophenes. Four polymers: polythiophene (PTh), poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MT), poly (3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were prepared. Both PTh and P3MT were deposited electrochemicallv onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The substituted polythiophenes, P3BT and P3HT were synthesized chemically by Grignard coupling and oxidative polymerisation and were dissolved in chloroform to form dilute solutions. Thin films of P3BT and P3HT about 100nm thick were obtained by the dip coating technique. Lithographic patterning was performed using a custom-built UV laser writing system. The He-Cd laser has an output power of 15mW and the power intensity at focus is 286kWcm−2. After line patterns were written, the samples were observed by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that at sufficiently high incident fluences, all four polymers can be ablated directly into grooves several microns wide and up to 500µm long. The groove widths generally changed slightly with fluence but decreased rapidly near the respective cutoff fluences where no grooves could be formed (Fig. 1). At fluences below about 105 Wem−2, cross-linking was observed in both P3BT and P3HT Films. This renders the irradiated areas insoluble in chloroform and after development in this solvent, line structures 1-6µm wide were found on the glass substrate. Some of these line structures had rippled sidewalls and were attributed to solvent infusion effects. The significance of the present results is that both positive and negative tone lithographic patterning have been demonstrated. The ablation of PTh and P3MT in particular overcomes the difficulty of patterning these insoluble and infusible polymers. The mechanisms of the observed patterning processes will be explained and the linewidth trends shown in Fig.1 and other experiments will be discussed. This direct-write process should have potential applications in polythiophene based devices and conductive resists.

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Liu, Chin-Yi, e Uwe R. Kortshagen. "Hybrid Solar Cells From Silicon Nanocrystals and Conductive Polymers". In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90322.

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Hybrid solar cells based on blends of a conjugated polymer, poly-3(hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) have been developed and characterized. The properties of composite Si NCs/P3HT films which were spun from 1, 2-dichlorobenzene were studied. Under A.M. 1.5 direct illumination conditions (100mW/cm2), devices made with 50wt% 3–5nm Si NCs showed 1.33% power conversion efficiency (PCE) and had a 30% incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency at 470 nm.

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Domakonda, S., L. Gouti, S. Earles, C. Baum, S. Ramesh e K. Mitra. "Characterization of Hybrid-Nano Polymer Solar Cell". In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12895.

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The efficiency of hybrid solar cell depends mainly on the exciton dissociation efficiency and charge mobility. The exciton dissociation efficiency can be improved by increasing the interfacial area between the nanoparticles and polymer. Charge mobility can be improved by proper distribution of nanoparticles in polymer to form better permitting path of each material. Both these parameters are strongly dependant on better distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer. The approach used in this research is the application of star dispersant to the photo active layer, specifically designed for conducting polymers. This dispersant will modify the arms of conducting polymer to have a high compatibility with nanoparticles and provide better distribution. The patterning of these polymers is achieved by wet etching process. Finally, Indium is used as a contact between P3HT and ITO to measure voltage and current characteristics. A number of specimens are prepared with and without the introduction of star dispersant. Absorption spectrum analysis and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are performed to characterize the optical properties of active layer. Parametric study involving influence of the nano-composite film morphology with and without star dispersant for Photoluminescence measurement and I-V characteristics of hybrid nano-polymer solar cells have been studied. Structural characterization revealed that with the application of the dispersant, better mixing of the nanoparticles and the polymer can be achieved. This will in turn increase the interface area and improve exciton dissociation.

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Yoshizawa, Masayuki, Makoto Taiji e Takayoshi Kobayashi. "Dynamics of Excitons in Conjugated Polymers". In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1990.wa4.

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Optical and electrical properties of conjugated polymers have been extensively investigated because 'of their large and fast optical nonlinearities and their role as model compounds for quasi-one dimensional semiconductors. In the present study, time evolution in polydiacetylenes (PDA-3BCMU and PDA-4BCMU) and poly(3-methy1thiophene) (P3MT) was investigated by femtosecond absorption spectroscopy and picosecond luminescence spectroscopy [1]-[3]. The samples of PDA-3BCMU and PDA-4BCMU (butoxycarbonylmethylurethane) are cast films of about 100 nm thickness on glass substrates. About 1 μm-thick films of P3MT was prepared by electrochemical polymerization on glass substrates.

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Surpyanto, Agus, Fahru Nurosyid, Yofentina Iriani, Kuwat Triyana e Ari H. Ramelan. "Characterization of Solar Cells Based Natural Chlorophyll and P3HT Polymer". In 2014 International Conference on Physics and its Applications. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icopia-14.2015.32.

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Alanazi, Ahmed, e James H. Rice. "P3HT: PCBm organic polymer supported plasmonic photo-catalysis and sensing." In Organic Electronics and Photonics: Fundamentals and Devices III, a cura di Sebastian Reineke, Koen Vandewal e Wouter Maes. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2632153.

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Peters, V. N., M. O. Faruk, R. Alexander, D. A. Peters e M. A. Noginov. "Effect of Strong Coupling on Photodegradation of the p3ht Semiconducting Polymer". In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2017.ftu4g.6.

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Darwis, Darmawati, Daniel Elkington, Syahrul Ulum, Andrew Stapleton, Glenn Bryant, Xiaojing Zhou, Warwick Belcher, Paul Dastoor, Ferry Iskandar e Mikrajuddin Abdullah. "High-Performance Thin Film Transistor from Solution-Processed P3HT Polymer Semiconductor Nanoparticles". In THE 4TH NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM (NNS2011): An International Symposium. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3667237.

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Suresh, D. S., S. Veeresh, H. Ganesh, Y. S. Nagaraju, S. P. Vijaykumar, Sapna Sharanappa e H. Devendrappa. "Synthesis, characterization of cadmium sulfide doped polymer P3HT for energy storage applications". In 66TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0178459.

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Farouil, L., F. Alary, E. Bedel-Pereira, I. Seguy, J. Roul, C. Routaboul, V. Shalabaeva, G. Molnar e J. L. Heully. "Combined theoretical and experimental studies of P3HT and PTB7 polymers for organic photodiodes". In 2016 IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nmdc.2016.7777143.

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