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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pollutants detection"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 9 novembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pollutants detection"

1

Song, Wei. "Abnormal Concentration Detection Method of Chemical Pollutants Based on Multisensor Fusion". Journal of Sensors 2022 (2 agosto 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2936960.

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China is a big industrial producer, but also a big producer and user of chemical materials. Although the use of chemical materials has improved the level of industrialization, it has also caused harm to the environment and ecosystem. With the acceleration of China’s industrialization, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of chemical pollution. The pollution of water resources in China has seriously damaged the balance of ecological environment and is also an important factor threatening people’s own health. The detection of chemical pollutants in water resources, especially organic pollutants, has a long way to go. To solve this problem, this paper designs a method of chemical pollutant concentration detection based on multisource information fusion and analyzes the performance of the detection system. Firstly, this paper introduces the main types of situations of chemical pollution at present. Secondly, a multisensor fusion model based on BP neural network is established, and the collected chemical pollutant samples were input into the model. Finally, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the detected pollutant concentration results shows that the proposed method not only has good detection effect of chemical pollutant concentration but also has good practicability. In a word, the proposed method not only has good theoretical significance but also has certain potential application value.

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2

Dwi Laksana, Saga Dermawan, Sayekti Wahyuningsih e Ari Handono Ramelan. "MITIGATION EFFORTS FOR QUICK DETECTION OF POLUTAN GAS AT PUTRI CEMPO TPA USING PROTOTYPE ZnOTiO2GO". Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, n. 2 (7 maggio 2024): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2024-2-84-93.

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The impact of the increasing volume of waste in the Putri Cempo TPA causes the emergence of pollutants in the form of liquid, gas or solid. Gas is a dangerous pollutant because it can cause respiratory disease and even death. methane gas (CH4), sulfurdioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), so that it can be the cause of respiratory (respiratory)-related diseases cardiovascular, and physiological changes such as pulmonary function and blood pressure. This study tries to identify pollutant gases that arise in the Putri Cempo TPA and the detection method uses ZnO-TiO2-GO Material which previously used an adsorbent solution. The use of this material has the advantages of being practical, safer and easier to recycle. The gas identification carried out includes SO2, O3, NO2, H2S and NH3 gases. ZnO-TiO2 and GO materials were varied into variation A, B, C ,D And E. The results showed that The results show that the composition of TiO2; ZnO Graphene C (45%; 45%, 10%) shows better results for detecting NO2 gas than the p-aminodimethylaniline working solution used for laboratory measurements. The results show that the composition of TiO2; ZnO Graphene E (60%; 30%, 10%) shows the composition's ability to detect 10 times more H2S gas than the p-aminodimethylaniline working solution but the ability to detect NH3 is lower than the p-aminodimethylaniline working solution. composition variations in TiO2; ZnO ; Graphene B (30%; 60%, 10%), and D (80%; 15%, 5%) can detect exposure to SO2 and O3 gases 6 times more than p-aminodimethylaniline solution. From various compositions, it shows that TiO2, ZnO, Graphene materials are more dominant than aminodimethylaniline solution except for the detection of NH3 pollutant. The results of the research recommendations need to be developed prototypes for the detection of the five pollutant gases without having to go through laboratory testing. The development of a prototype of the pollutant gas detection tool can speed up the measurement of gas pollutants. So that it is easier for analysts to measure gas pollutants. It is necessary to develop the effect of the concentration of adsorbed pollutant gas on the composition of materials with various conductivity of material compositions for further research

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3

Zhang, Jun-Hua, Zi-Tong Zhang, Yang-Jing Ou, Fei Zhang, Jie Meng, Gen Wang, Zhao-Lin Fang e Yan Li. "Red-emitting GSH-Cu NCs as a triplet induced quenched fluorescent probe for fast detection of thiol pollutants". Nanoscale 12, n. 37 (2020): 19429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04645k.

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4

Pang, Shaoning, Lei Song, Abdolhossein Sarrafzadeh, Guy Coulson, Ian Longley e Gustavo Olivares. "Indoor Emission Sources Detection by Pollutants Interaction Analysis". Applied Sciences 11, n. 16 (17 agosto 2021): 7542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167542.

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This study employs the correlation coefficients technique to support emission sources detection for indoor environments. Unlike existing methods analyzing merely primary pollution, we consider alternatively the secondary pollution (i.e., chemical reactions between pollutants in addition to pollutant level), and calculate intra pollutants correlation coefficients for characterizing and distinguishing emission events. Extensive experiments show that seven major indoor emission sources are identified by the proposed method, including (1) frying canola oil on electric hob, (2) frying olive oil on an electric hob, (3) frying olive oil on a gas hob, (4) spray of household pesticide, (5) lighting a cigarette and allowing it to smoulder, (6) no activities, and (7) venting session. Furthermore, our method improves the detection accuracy by a support vector machine compared to without data filtering and applying typical feature extraction methods such as PCA and LDA.

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5

Yu, Jie, Yitong Cao, Fei Shi, Jiegen Shi, Dibo Hou, Pingjie Huang, Guangxin Zhang e Hongjian Zhang. "Detection and Identification of Organic Pollutants in Drinking Water from Fluorescence Spectra Based on Deep Learning Using Convolutional Autoencoder". Water 13, n. 19 (25 settembre 2021): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192633.

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Three dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy has become increasingly useful in the detection of organic pollutants. However, this approach is limited by decreased accuracy in identifying low concentration pollutants. In this research, a new identification method for organic pollutants in drinking water is accordingly proposed using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy data and a deep learning algorithm. A novel application of a convolutional autoencoder was designed to process high-dimensional fluorescence data and extract multi-scale features from the spectrum of drinking water samples containing organic pollutants. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), an implementation of gradient-boosted decision trees, was used to identify the organic pollutants based on the obtained features. Method identification performance was validated on three typical organic pollutants in different concentrations for the scenario of accidental pollution. Results showed that the proposed method achieved increasing accuracy, in the case of both high-(>10 μg/L) and low-(≤10 μg/L) concentration pollutant samples. Compared to traditional spectrum processing techniques, the convolutional autoencoder-based approach enabled obtaining features of enhanced detail from fluorescence spectral data. Moreover, evidence indicated that the proposed method maintained the detection ability in conditions whereby the background water changes. It can effectively reduce the rate of misjudgments associated with the fluctuation of drinking water quality. This study demonstrates the possibility of using deep learning algorithms for spectral processing and contamination detection in drinking water.

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6

Badea, Mihaela, Izabela RoxanaVoina, Gheorghe Coman, Lucia Dumitrescu, Camelia Draghici e Mihaela Idomir. "POLLUTANTS DETECTION USING HAPTEN DERIVATIZATION". Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 4, n. 2 (2005): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2005.024.

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7

Gorshteyn, Alexander Y., Zinoviy Kataenko, Sigurdur Smarason e Albert Robbat. "Subsurface Detection of Environmental Pollutants". Instrumentation Science & Technology 27, n. 2 (aprile 1999): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149908085839.

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8

Kumar, Vinay, Munish Sharma, Sonica Sondhi, Komalpreet Kaur, Deepak Sharma, Shivali Sharma e Divya Utreja. "Removal of Inorganic Pollutants from Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and Toxicity Assessment". Sustainability 15, n. 23 (28 novembre 2023): 16376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316376.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the past decade, a sudden increase in the number and kind of emerging water contaminants has been observed. The emerging contaminants can be categorized as organic or inorganic. Organic contaminants have been known for years, and techniques for their detection and remediation have been developed. However, inorganic pollutants are much more common. This is because they are detected in very low or negligible concentrations and are equally toxic as organic pollutants at higher concentrations. To boost the research on inorganic pollutant contamination, advancements in detection and quantification techniques are required. The presented paper discusses major inorganic pollutants such as metals and their salts, inorganic fertilizers, sulfides, acids and bases, and ammonia and oxides of nitrogen. In addition, it discusses the inorganic toxicants’ toxicity to organisms and the environment, upgraded quantification methods, and advancements in inorganic toxicant mitigation. Moreover, the major bottlenecks in the quantification and removal of inorganic pollutants are discussed at the end.

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Zhang, Kai, Xinlong Song, Meng Liu, Menghua Chen, Jie Li e Jinglong Han. "Review on the Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Detection of Environmental Pollutants". Water 15, n. 17 (28 agosto 2023): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173077.

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Magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs) have been widely used in the detection of pollutants in the environment because of their excellent nano effect and magnetic properties. These intrinsic properties of MNPs have diversified their application in environmental contaminant detection. In this paper, the research status quo of the use of MNPs in detecting organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater and soil is reviewed. The preparation method and modification technology of magnetic nanoparticles are also described in detail. The application prospect of magnetic nanoparticle composites in the detection of contaminants in water and soil is discussed. Compared with traditional detection methods, MNPs are more accurate and efficient in pollutant enrichment. Moreover, the biological synthesis of MNPs was proven to be eco-friendly and aided in sustainable development. The study shows that MNPs have good application prospects in soil pollution detection, but the mechanism still needs to be investigated to realize their popularization and application.

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Gagliardi, Roberta Valentina, e Claudio Andenna. "Change Points Detection and Trend Analysis to Characterize Changes in Meteorologically Normalized Air Pollutant Concentrations". Atmosphere 13, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010064.

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Identifying changes in ambient air pollution levels and establishing causation is a research area of strategic importance to assess the effectiveness of air quality interventions. A major challenge in pursuing these objectives is represented by the confounding effects of the meteorological conditions which easily mask or emphasize changes in pollutants concentrations. In this study, a methodological procedure to analyze changes in pollutants concentrations levels after accounting for changes in meteorology over time was developed. The procedure integrated several statistical tools, such as the change points detection and trend analysis that are applied to the pollutants concentrations meteorologically normalized using a machine learning model. Data of air pollutants and meteorological parameters, collected over the period 2013–2019 in a rural area affected by anthropic emissive sources, were used to test the procedure. The joint analysis of the obtained results with the available metadata allowed providing plausible explanations of the observed air pollutants behavior. Consequently, the procedure appears promising in elucidating those changes in the air pollutant levels not easily identifiable in the original data, supplying valuable information to identify an atmospheric response after an intervention or an unplanned event.

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Tesi sul tema "Pollutants detection"

1

Agboola, Bolade Oyeyinka. "Catalytic activities of Metallophthalocyanines towards detection and transformation of pollutants /". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/873/.

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Russell, Ingrid Margaret. "The development of an immobilised-enzyme bioprobe for the detection of phenolic pollutants in water". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006211.

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The possibility of developing an immobilised-enzyme bioprobe, based on mushroom polyphenol oxidase, for the purely biological detection and quantification of phenolic pollutants in water was investigated. Polyphenol oxidase catalyses the bioconversion of many phenolic compounds into quinone-related coloured products. Thus, in an immobilised form, the enzyme serves as a visible indicator of the presence and concentration of phenolic pollutants in water. The objective of this research was to develop a portable, disposable bioprobe incorporating polyphenol oxidase for this purpose. The intensity of the colour changes produced by the enzyme on reaction with p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and phenol was found to increase proportionally with increasing concentrations of these substrates in solution. Immobilisation of the enzyme on various supports did not appear to significantly affect the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was immobilised by adsorption and cross-linking on polyethersulphone, nitrocellulose and nylon membranes with the production of various colour ranges on reaction with the phenolic substrates. The most successful immobilisation of the enzyme, in terms of quantity and distribution of enzyme immobilised and colour production, was obtained with the enzyme immobilised by adsorption on nylon membranes in the presence of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH). The enzyme, immobilised using this method, produced ranges of maroon colours in phenolic solutions and orange colours in cresylic solutions. The colour intensities produced were found to increase proportionally with increasing substrate concentration after 5 minutes exposure to the substrates. The bioprobe had a broad substrate specificity and was sensitive to substrate concentrations down to 0.05 mg/L. The enzyme activity of the bioprobe was not significantly affected in a pH range from 4 to 10 and in a temperature range from 5-25⁰C. The bioprobe activity was not affected by various concentrations of salt and metal ions and the bioprobe was able to detect and semi-quantify phenolic substrates in industrial effluent samples. These features of the bioprobe indicate that the commercialisation of such a bioprobe is feasible and this technology has been patented (Patent No. SA 97/0227).
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Meadows, Jane M. "Conditional sensitive whole cell biosensors for detection of pollutants in the natural environment". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250276.

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LUDMERCZKI, ROBERT. "Carbon-based nanostructures in hybrid materials for detection and removal of water pollutants". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/294538.

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The thesis is mainly focused on the better understanding of carbon dots (C-dots) formation in bottom-up syntheses, by identifying the key chemical processes and correlating them to the observed fluorescence. Therefore, several types of C-dots were studied, by systematically varying the used (molecular) precursor ratios and reaction times. Selected samples were surface functionalized by organosilanes to reveal the role of the C-dots surface functional groups in the overall photoluminescence. As better understanding of the ongoing processes finally achieved, the synthesized C-dots were applied in photocatalysis experiments by combining them with titania and an appropriate C-dot was tested as a nitrite ion sensor.

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Zhang, Haitao. "Development and application of the microanalytical systems for water pollutants determination". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0032.

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Cette thèse concerne la détection des métaux lourds dans l’environnement et en particulier dans les eaux de surface et les sous-produits de désinfection de l’eau potable. Les deux catégories de contaminations ont des propriétés différentes de sorte que deux méthodes correspondantes ont été dévéloppées : l’une est basée sur des capteurs moléculaires fluorescents mis en oeuvre dans un micro-dispositif, l’autre est basée sur une détection électrochimique. Deux capteurs moléculaires fluorescents, Rhod-5N et DPPS-PEG, et plusieurs dispositifs microfluidiques ont été fabriqués et appliqués pour la détection des ions de métaux lourds, Cd (II) et Hg (II),dans les eaux de surface. Une nouveau circuit en PMMA est fabriqué par ablation laser femtoseconde et testé pour la détection de Cd2+ avec le Rhod-5N. De plus, des améliorations de la performance des circuits microfluidiques ont été faites. Une nouvelle méthode de détermination sensible de cinq acides haloacétiques (AHAs) dans les d'eaux a été développée. Elle est basée sur l'extraction électromembranaire (EME) avant électrophorèse capillaire avec détection de conductivité sans contact à couplage capacitif (CE-C4D)
This thesis is aimed at environmental contaminations detection, mainly heavy metal ions in surface water and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. The two categories of contaminations have different properties so that two correspondent methods were developed: one is based on fluorescent molecular sensors in a microfabricated device, the other one is based on conductive detection. Two fluorescent molecular sensors, Rhod-5N and DPPS-PEG, and several microfluidic devices were developed and applied for heavy metal ions Cd (II) and Hg (II) detection in surface water. A new microchip made of PMMA was fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation and tested for Cd (II) sensing based on a fluorescent molecular sensor Rhod-5N. Further more, some improvements of the performance of microfluidic chips were made. A novel method for sensitive determination of five priority haloacetic acids (HAAs) in water systems has been developed based on electromembrane extraction (EME) prior to capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D)

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Oxspring, Darren A. "The detection and determination of selected organic pollutants by modern instrumental techniques of analysis". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241679.

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Bishop, Christopher. "Innovative sensors using nitride semiconductor materials for the detection of exhaust gases and water pollutants". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54898.

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Microsensor technologies based on nitride semiconductor materials were developed as options for improved exhaust gas sensors in diesel exhaust systems. The main goals were to develop new sensors that can meet the requirements given by Peugeot PSA to meet upcoming EU emissions regulations for NO, NO2, and NH3 detection. Two different sensor technologies were developed based on Schottky junction and high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices. Novel materials such as BGaN and BGaN/GaN superlattice structures are explored. For each device, a comprehensive analytical model is developed and simulations are carried out to optimize and design the sensor devices. Materials growth is then conducted for the different semiconductor layers, followed by materials characterizations to ensure high quality materials. Device prototypes are fabricated using various materials and functional layer designs. For device testing, an experimental setup is developed. Our experimental results show excellent sensitivity; we also report selectivity between NO and NO2 for the first time for these types of devices. Finally, we modify our devices for other sensing applications such as the detection of other harmful gases and pollutants in liquid environments.

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Abboo, Sagaran. "Phenolic compounds in water and the implications for rapid detection of indicator micro-organisms using ß-D-Galactosidase and ß-D-Glucuronidase". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004037.

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Faecal contamination in water is detected using appropriate microbial models such as total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E. coli. Βeta-D-Galactosidase (β-GAL) and Beta-D-glucuronidase (β-GUD) are two marker enzymes that are used to test for the presence of total coliforms and E. coli in water samples, respectively. Various assay methods have been developed using chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates. In this study, the chromogenic substrates chlorophenol red β-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) for β-GAL and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG) for β-GUD were used. Potential problems associated with this approach include interference from other organisms present in the environment (e.g. plants, algae and other bacteria), as well as the presence of certain chemicals, such as phenolic compounds in water. Phenolic compounds are present in the aquatic environment due to their extensive industrial applications. The USA Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA) lists 11 Priority Pollutant Phenols (PPP) due to their high level of toxicity. This study investigated the interfering effects of the eleven PPP found in water on the enzyme activities of both the β-GAL and β-GUD enzyme assays. The presence of these PPP in the β-GAL and β-GUD enzyme assays showed that over and underestimation of activity may occur due to inhibition or activation of these enzymes. Three types of inhibition to enzyme activities were identified from double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plots. The inhibition constants (Ki) were determined for all inhibitory phenolic compounds from appropriate secondary plots. Furthermore, this study presented a validated reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, developed for the simultaneous detection, separation and determination of all eleven phenolic compounds found in the environment. This method demonstrated good linearity, reproducibility, accuracy and sensitivity. Environmental water samples were collected from rivers, streams, industrial sites and wastewater treatment plant effluent. These samples were extracted and concentrated using a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure prior to analysis employing the newly developed HPLC method in this study. Seasonal variations on the presence of the PPP in the environment were observed at certain collection sites. The concentrations found were between 0.033 μg/ml for 2,4-dinitrophenol in a running stream to 0.890 mg/ml for pentachlorophenol from an tannery industrial site. These concentrations of phenolic compounds found in these environments were able to interfere with the β-GAL and β-GUD enzyme assays.

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Dale, Olivia R. "Detection, diversity, and activity on anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Anammox) in the Cape Fear River Estuary /". Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/r1/daleo/oliviadale.pdf.

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Guijarro, Řezníček Christian [Verfasser], e Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Wölfl. "Detection of pollutants in aquatic media using a cell-based sensor / Christian Guijarro Řezníček ; Betreuer: Stefan Wölfl". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180735102/34.

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Libri sul tema "Pollutants detection"

1

Manea, F. Wet electrochemical detection of organic impurities. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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2

Oxspring, Darren A. The detection and determination of selected organic pollutants by modern instrumental techniques of analysis. [S.l: The Author], 1996.

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3

Gee, Shirley J. Environmental immunochemical analysis for detection of pesticides and other chemicals: A user's guide. Westwood, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1996.

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4

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Determining a Standard Unit of Measure for Biological Aerosols. A framework for assessing the health hazard posed by bioaerosols. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.

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C, Hanisch R., e Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory (Cincinnati, Ohio), a cura di. Thermally modulated electron affinity detector for priority pollutant analysis. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1985.

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F, Connor Brooke, National Water-Quality Laboratory (U.S.) e Geological Survey (U.S.), a cura di. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Determination of 86 volatile organic compounds in water by gas chromatgraphy/mass spectrometry, including detections less than reporting limits. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Colborn, Theo. Our stolen future: Are we threatening our fertility, intelligence, and survival? : a scientific detective story. New York: Dutton, 1996.

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Colborn, Theo. Our stolen future: Are we threatening our fertility, intelligence, and survival? : a scientific detective story. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996.

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Dianne, Dumanoski, e Myers John Peterson, a cura di. Our stolen future: Are we threatening our fertility, intelligence, and survival? : a scientific detective story : with a new epilogue by the authors. New York: Penguin Group, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Improvements needed in detecting and preventing violations : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1990.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Pollutants detection"

1

Vignesh Kumar, T. H., e Jerome Rajendran. "Recent Progress in Electrochemical Methods for Microplastics Detection". In Microplastics and Pollutants, 249–63. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54565-8_11.

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Khan, Razia, Vipul Patel e Zeenat Khan. "Materials in Emerging Water Pollutants Detection". In Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material, 255–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_14.

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3

Tripathi, Gyanendra, Vipul Kumar Yadav, Jyoti Singh e Vishal Mishra. "Analytical Methods of Water Pollutants Detection". In Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material, 63–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_5.

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Silambarasan, A., e R. Ramesh. "Disposable Sensor for Environmental Pollutants Detection". In ACS Symposium Series, 101–20. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2023-1437.ch005.

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Rogers, K. R. "Immobilized Biomolecules for Detection of Environmental Pollutants". In Uses of Immobilized Biological Compounds, 477–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1932-0_46.

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Ojha, Ankita. "Materials in Electrochemical Detection of Water Pollutants". In Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material, 161–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_10.

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Sharma, Chhavi, Sauraj e Yuvraj Singh Negi. "Materials for Electrical Detection of Water Pollutants". In Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material, 107–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_7.

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Jain, Rishabh, Anupma Thakur, Praveen Kumar e D. Pooja. "Materials in Colorimetric Detection of Water Pollutants". In Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material, 125–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_8.

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Gowri, Annasamy, e Arunkumar Kathiravan. "Fluorescent Chemosensor for Detection of Water Pollutants". In Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material, 147–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_9.

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Harren, F., F. Bijnen, C. Lindenbaum e J. Reuss. "Sensitive Photoacoustic Trace Detection of Ethylene". In Monitoring of Gaseous Pollutants by Tunable Diode Lasers, 289–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0989-2_28.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pollutants detection"

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Dara, Krishan, Chinmaya Shukla, Venya Singh, Amisha Roy, Debanjan Paul, Devansh Krishna Ojha e Aparna Mohanty. "Precise Detection of Air Pollutants". In 2023 International Conference on Next Generation Electronics (NEleX). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nelex59773.2023.10421732.

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Onoda, Mitsuyoshi, e Daluwathu M. G. Preethichandra. "Detection of environmental pollutants with oxidoreductases". In 2017 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iseim.2017.8166527.

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Mohamed, Abdel-Mohsen O. "TDR Detection of Pollutants in Sandy Soils". In Geo Jordan Conference 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40735(143)10.

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Zientkiewicz, Jacek K., e Zbigniew T. Lach. "Optical methods for detection of gas pollutants". In Optical Fibers and Their Applications VI, a cura di Jan Dorosz e Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.348702.

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Rob, Mohammad A., e Larry H. Mack. "Absorption Spectra of Propylene at Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Wavelengths". In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.tub.7.

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Abstract (sommario):

Laser remote sensing techniques for detecting trace level atmospheric pollutants have made rapid advances in the past several years.1,2 Molecular CO2 lasers play an important role in atmospheric pollution monitoring, because its emission spectrum in the 9-11 μn range falls within the largest atmospheric window and which overlap with the absorption spectra of a large number of molecules of environmental concern.2 The primary pollutants that are emitted to the atmosphere by natural and anthropogenic processes are, hydrocarbons (HC), carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitric oxides (NO, NO2), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and etc.3 The primary pollutants also go through complex chemical reactions among themselves or with the natural atmospheric constituents, to form a variety of secondary pollutants.2,3 An understanding of the atmospheric chemical processes requires fast detection of primary and secondary pollutants while they reside in the atmosphere. Laser remote sensing techniques are suitable for the detection of these pollutants.

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Lawrence, David J., George L. Coffman, Thomas C. DeVore, Patrick T. Olin e W. Gene Tucker. "Thermopile Sensors for the Detection of Airborne Pollutants". In 2007 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2007.4388633.

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Hassan, Aseel K., Maria V. Molina, Asim K. Ray, Alexei V. Nabok, Zabih F. Ghassemlooy, Robert B. Yates e Reza Saatchi. "Chemical sensors for the detection of organic pollutants". In 1999 Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, a cura di Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.354285.

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Roman, Miruna, Mihail-Lucian Pascu e Angela Staicu. "Detection of atmospheric pollutants by pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy". In ROMOPTO '97: Fifth Conference on Optics, a cura di Valentin I. Vlad e Dan C. Dumitras. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.312740.

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Salam, Rudi, Abdul Mu’Iz Maidi, Min Cheng, Kai Liu, Nianyu Zou, Norazanita Shamsuddin e Feroza Begum. "Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensor for Environmental Pollutants Detection". In 2023 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc56963.2023.10209700.

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Gilmore, D. A., e G. H. Atkinson. "Quantitative detection of atmospheric pollutants by pulsed laser photoacoustic spectroscopy". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tud7.

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Abstract (sommario):

The use of pulsed laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has many advantages in the detection of atmospheric pollutants. Sensitivities down to a few ppbv with linearity over several orders of magnitude have been demonstrated. Pulsed lasers in conjunction with nonlinear optics provide easy access to a widely tunable range of wavelengths, from the vacuum ultraviolet to the infrared. The ultraviolet wavelengths are particularly useful for the detection of pollutants such as aldehydes and SO2. The molecules under study include NO2, SO2, H2CO, and CH3CHO. These molecules have importance as pollutants ranging from Industrial emissions to indoor air quality in homes. The technique of pulsed laser PAS is well suited in this application with high sensitivity and large dynamic range. Also, using spectral selectivity, the concentration of one component can be determined from a mixture. Thus far, detection limits of 5 ppbv in NO2 and SO2 and 25 ppbv in H2CO and CH3CHO have been achieved. Pulsed PAS spectra have been obtained in the UV to determine a measurement protocol for mixtures.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pollutants detection"

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Shtenberg, Giorgi, e Shelley Minteer. Dual mode detection of heavy metal pollutants: A real-time biosensing method. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7604937.bard.

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McCarthy, James, Jeffrey Panek e Tom McGrath. PR-312-12206-R02 FTIR Formaldehyde Measurement at Turbine NESHAP and Ambient Levels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), aprile 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011476.

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When natural gas is combusted, formaldehyde is formed as an intermediate product as methane is converted to CO2 during combustion. Formaldehyde is regulated by the U.S. EPA as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) under National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) regulations, and both turbines and reciprocating engines are listed source categories where EPA is required to develop regulations. NESHAPs have been adopted for natural gas-fired combustion turbines and reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE), with initial regulations in 2004 that included a 91 parts per billion (ppb) standard for new turbines at "major source" facilities. However, the Turbine NESHAP was "stayed" by EPA as the agency considered whether natural gas-fired turbines should be regulated (i.e., whether those turbines would be "delisted" or removed from the rule). In response to a legal challenge regarding EPA's failure to meet Clean Air Act mandated schedules, EPA recently indicated that it plans to initiate a required periodic review of the Turbine NESHAP and that review will also address the delisting request. The "residual risk and technology review" (RTR) for the Turbine NESHAP will likely be conducted in 2018. Revisions to the regulation may be proposed when that review process is complete. Formaldehyde is ubiquitous (e.g., naturally formed through atmospheric chemistry even if not directly emitted), and there is also the potential that atmospheric levels and atmospheric chemistry are not adequately understood. Earlier pipeline industry testing of turbine formaldehyde emissions using refined methods indicated exhaust formaldehyde below 100 ppb and near the method detection limit. Anecdotal data from that test program showed ambient levels comparable to turbine exhaust in some cases, with naturally occurring emissions from an adjacent corn field resulting in ambient concentrations higher than formaldehyde exhaust levels. Evidence of "high" ambient formaldehyde levels (relative to turbine exhaust) may provide context and a counterargument to restrictive formaldehyde regulations. Understanding turbine formaldehyde emissions as compared to ambient levels is challenged by the ability to measure formaldehyde concentrations less than 100 parts per billion (ppb). Extractive Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) methods were developed for combustion exhaust formaldehyde measurement. However, measuring the ultra-low levels from turbines, commensurate with the NESHAP standard, will likely pose challenges. This project measured ambient formaldehyde levels using FTIR testing for comparison to the NESHAP standard. Significant challenges for conducting such measurements are apparent, which presents technical questions related to the feasibility of implementing emissions tests for the Turbine NESHAP standard.

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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert e Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.

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Lehotay, Steven J., e Aviv Amirav. Fast, practical, and effective approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. United States Department of Agriculture, aprile 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695587.bard.

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Background to the topic: For food safety and security reasons, hundreds of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental pollutants should be monitored in the food supply, but current methods are too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. As a result, only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop fast, practical, and effective new approaches for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to more pesticides, veterinary drugs and pollutants, further develop GC-MS and LC-MS with SMB and combine QuEChERS with GC-SMB-MS and LC-SMB-EI-MS to provide the “ultimate” approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in food. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: The original QuEChERS method was validated for more than 200 pesticide residues in a variety of food crops. For the few basic pesticides for which the method gave lower recoveries, an extensive solvent suitability study was conducted, and a buffering modification was made to improve results for difficult analytes. Furthermore, evaluation of the QuEChERS approach for fatty matrices, including olives and its oil, was performed. The QuEChERS concept was also extended to acrylamide analysis in foods. Other advanced techniques to improve speed, ease, and effectiveness of chemical residue analysis were also successfully developed and/or evaluated, which include: a simple and inexpensive solvent-in-silicone-tube extraction approach for highly sensitive detection of nonpolar pesticides in GC; ruggedness testing of low-pressure GC-MS for 3-fold faster separations; optimization and extensive evaluation of analyte protectants in GC-MS; and use of prototypical commercial automated direct sample introduction devices for GC-MS. GC-MS with SMB was further developed and combined with the Varian 1200 GCMS/ MS system, resulting in a new type of GC-MS with advanced capabilities. Careful attention was given to the subject of GC-MS sensitivity and its LOD for difficult to analyze samples such as thermally labile pesticides or those with weak or no molecular ions, and record low LOD were demonstrated and discussed. The new approach of electron ionization LC-MS with SMB was developed, its key components of sample vaporization nozzle and flythrough ion source were improved and was evaluated with a range of samples, including carbamate pesticides. A new method and software based on IAA were developed and tested on a range of pesticides in agricultural matrices. This IAA method and software in combination with GC-MS and SMB provide extremely high confidence in sample identification. A new type of comprehensive GCxGC (based on flow modulation) was uniquely combined with GC-MS with SMB, and we demonstrated improved pesticide separation and identification in complex agricultural matrices using this novel approach. An improved device for aroma sample collection and introduction (SnifProbe) was further developed and favorably compared with SPME for coffee aroma sampling. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LOD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope, and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade, and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.

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