Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Polluants organiques – Identification – Analyse"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Polluants organiques – Identification – Analyse":
CHATELET, A., A. FOURNIER, S. JURJANZ, S. LERCH, H. TOUSSAINT, M. DELANNOY, C. FEIDT e G. RYCHEN. "L’épandage de matières fertilisantes d’origine résiduaire sur les prairies comporte-t-il des risques en termes de transfert de polluants organiques et inorganiques vers la chaîne alimentaire ?" INRA Productions Animales 28, n. 5 (14 gennaio 2020): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.5.3041.
Guéret, Samuel, Gwenaël Diélie, Frédérique Bastin, Tiriana Segato, Michel Verbanck e Pierre D’Ans. "Influence de la substitution d’argile par des déchets sédimentaires dans des briques en terre crue comprimée (BTCC) sur la résistance à l’abrasion". Matériaux & Techniques 107, n. 3 (2019): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019018.
DOREAU, M., R. BAUMONT e J. M. PEREZ. "Avant-propos". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n. 5 (8 dicembre 2011): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.5.3274.
NYS, Y. "Préface". INRAE Productions Animales 23, n. 2 (10 aprile 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.2.3292.
Nguetsop, Victor François, Théophile Fonkou, Martin Lekeufack e Jonas Yves Pinta. "Assemblages d’algues et relations avec quelques paramètres environnementaux dans deux sites marécageux de l’Ouest-Cameroun". 22, n. 1 (4 febbraio 2009): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019821ar.
Saint-Laurent, Diane, Marlies Hähni e Stephen A. Barrett. "Analyse des sédiments contaminés de la portion sud-ouest du Lac Saint-Pierre (Québec, Canada)". 23, n. 2 (7 giugno 2010): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039904ar.
Tesi sul tema "Polluants organiques – Identification – Analyse":
Blondel, Alodie. "Identification des sources intérieures de composés organiques volatils et estimation de leur contribution aux teneurs observées dans les logements français". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10171/document.
Indoor atmospheres appear very rich in volatile organic compounds (VOC). These substances form a “dangerous mix” whose composition and effects on health remain still unknown. This complexity makes difficult the identification and the quantification of indoor sources on the indoor air quality. The purpose of this thesis is to establish qualitative and quantitative relationship between VOC indoor sources and the concentrations observed in French dwellings. The first axis of this work deals with the development of passive measurement to determine the formaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde emission rates of materials. This sampler was validated in laboratory, then used in-situ, in a batch of measurements carried out in student rooms. This diagnosis on site shows that the furniture and the building materials contribute equally to the indoor concentration in FA. The increase of the emissions is clearly influenced by the rise in the temperature. A balance mass model based on the measured emission rates led to a satisfying prediction of the FA concentrations in the 24 sampled rooms. The second axis deals with the analysis of the chemical profiles of 60 residences. From a “screening” of the VOC; homogeneous classes of chemical profiles associated with the dwellings could be established. Assumptions on the potential sources of these compounds were formulated and examined on the basis of the bibliography, the descriptive questionnaires of the dwellings and the emissions of materials and products present in indoor environment
Caria, Giovanni. "Développement d'une stratégie de caractérisation de l'état de contamination organique des sols par criblage en masse ciblé et non ciblé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR060.
The environmental pollution by multiple organic compounds linked to human activities is a recurring problem. Environmental compartments are subject to continuous monitoring such as surface and human supply waters and outdoor and indoor air. On the other hand, agricultural soils are only controlled in the case of the spreading of organic amendments, which could contain polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls. Research work has been carried out for several years to assess the fate of organic pollutants in agricultural soils using more efficient and sensitive analysis methods increases to the development of quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled with gas or liquid chromatography. Nevertheless, many methods are used only to a selection of a few dozen organic molecules. In addition, the possible implementation of monitoring of organic pollutants in environmental matrices requires making choices and does not allow having a very broad knowledge about all the organic pollutants.The objective of this work is to propose a methodological strategy in order to approach the organic composition of soils by target and non-target screening analysis. The methodological development, carried out in non-target analysis, can contribute to the reflection of monitoring the quality of soils. Non-target analysis can make it possible to direct the target analysis towards a selection of organic compounds of interest and to determine environmental markers.The thesis report includes the development of target analysis methods in soils on a selection of pesticides, drugs and hormones extracted by pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) and analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS). The target analysis method has been validated for pesticides in agricultural soils, and applied to a selection of forty French agricultural soils from Centre-Val de Loire region. Non-target analyses were carried out too for these 40 soils by LC-QTOF-MS after two different PLE extractions, one with acetonitrile and the other with ultrapure water. Each soil extract was injected sequentially in positive, then negative ionization according to two mass settings, one in Full scan MS and bbCID MS (suspect screening) and the other one in Full scan MS and auto MS/MS (non-target screening or NTS). The final dataset is then very substantial with 8 different data for each soil sample, of which 4 used in suspect mode and 4 in NTS mode. 825 organic compounds were detected and identified by suspect screening analysis using the TargetScreener database backed by the LC-QTOF-MS. A classification of these compounds according to the value of identification quality criteria could be established and allowed a prioritization of the study of a few dozen compounds of interest. The non-target screening analysis was carried out for the « acetonitrile » soil extracts ionized by positive and negative modes using the Metaboscape chemometric software and by querying multiple databases independent of the analysis tool. The identification could be confirmed or reinforced in NTS mode for organic compounds already identified in suspect mode.The distribution of the 40 soils in groups of homogeneous agricultural use made it possible to highlight the presence of organic compounds exclusively in one group, thus constituting a sample group marker. The work of the thesis opens up many perspectives for the exploitation of non-target analysis data obtained for the 40 French agricultural soils, studies on the quality of French soils and pharmacovigilance of representative soils of the French national territory
Boucharat, Cécile. "Méthodologie d'analyse d'acides organiques à l'état de traces dans les eaux de surface et les eaux destinées à la consommation humaine". Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3008.
Elmanfe, Galal. "Coadsorption de polluants organiques et de métaux lourds : analyse fondamentale d'un mécanisme de physisorption". Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2013.
This study was aimed at evidencing the role of non-reactive interactions between ions and organic molecules in the primary adsorption mechanism, constituted by physi-sorption. The chosen conditions allow one, however, to roughly simulate some environniental situations where silica suspensions, e. G. Grains of sand, can exchange adsorbed pollutants with interstitial waters in sous or within a water sheet. Experiments were made on silica suspensions with, at first, lead nitrate and carbofuran solutions, then lead nitrate and naphthalene solutions and finally naphthalene and carbofuransolutions. One should note that the adsorption of one of the components is usually favoured by the presence of the other one and conversely. However, the water lying at the silica surface leads to non-straightforward effects: organic molecules have a far much lower affinity with this interface than with the water/air interface. Addition of a second organic molecule, i. E. Carbofuran, to the lead nitrate-naphthalene mixture apparently induced no drastic change in the position or richness of the naphthalene layer; on the other hand, carbofuran adsorption was greater than previously, and ionic adsorption was strongly enhanced. A rough application of the fundamental ideas developed in the Wagner-Onsager-Samaras model to these interfaces showed that electrostatic effects are responsible for this greater ionic adsorption and suggested that the structure of the inner organic double layer plays a major role in this result
Debevec, Cécile. "Identification des déterminants de la concentration en polluants organiques gazeux dans le bassin méditerranéen Est". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10138/document.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role within the atmospheric system acting as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (OA). In the Mediterranean region, particulate and gaseous concentrations are usually higher than in most continental European regions especially during summertime. However, air pollution in this region remains difficult to characterize because of a lack of atmospheric measurements. This thesis provides a better understanding of the sources and fate of VOCs in the Eastern Mediterranean region. During the intensive field campaign held in March 2015 at a background site of Cyprus, real-time measurements of a large number of VOCs have been performed, allowing the evaluation of their concentration levels in ambient air, improving the understanding of their major sources in the area, and describing their variabilities and their potential origins. A factorial analysis (PMF) showed that the local biogenic sources and the regional background were found to be the largest contributors to the VOC concentrations observed at this site. Benefiting from real-time OA measurements, a parallel between organic aerosol and gas phase composition was conducted. Biogenic VOC interactions with anthropogenic compounds can influence formation and growth of newly particles, inducing a reinforcement of secondary OA fraction. Finally, on-line measurements of primary VOCs were performed from January 2015 to February 2016 to provide a better characterization of the seasonal variation in VOCs and their sources impacting the Eastern Mediterranean region
Debevec, Cécile. "Identification des déterminants de la concentration en polluants organiques gazeux dans le bassin méditerranéen Est". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10138.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role within the atmospheric system acting as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (OA). In the Mediterranean region, particulate and gaseous concentrations are usually higher than in most continental European regions especially during summertime. However, air pollution in this region remains difficult to characterize because of a lack of atmospheric measurements. This thesis provides a better understanding of the sources and fate of VOCs in the Eastern Mediterranean region. During the intensive field campaign held in March 2015 at a background site of Cyprus, real-time measurements of a large number of VOCs have been performed, allowing the evaluation of their concentration levels in ambient air, improving the understanding of their major sources in the area, and describing their variabilities and their potential origins. A factorial analysis (PMF) showed that the local biogenic sources and the regional background were found to be the largest contributors to the VOC concentrations observed at this site. Benefiting from real-time OA measurements, a parallel between organic aerosol and gas phase composition was conducted. Biogenic VOC interactions with anthropogenic compounds can influence formation and growth of newly particles, inducing a reinforcement of secondary OA fraction. Finally, on-line measurements of primary VOCs were performed from January 2015 to February 2016 to provide a better characterization of the seasonal variation in VOCs and their sources impacting the Eastern Mediterranean region
Mai, Anh Tuan. "Développement des biocapteurs électrochimiques à base de tyrosinase pour la détection des polluants organiques en phase aqueuse". Lyon 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/73/40/PDF/tel-00007508.pdf.
Al-Alam, Joséphine. "Polluants organiques : analyse, application au « biomonitoring » environnemental et introduction des biopesticides (algues marines) comme alternative". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF019.
In a context where environmental concerns due to pollution are growing on a global scale, monitoring of environmental pollution is a major research challenge in order to preserve as much as possible a healthy and sustainable environment. Indeed, the responsible and continuous monitoring of the environment escorted by the development of "green" pest control alternatives could certainly decelerate or even inhibit the spread of harmful pollutants into the entire biosphere. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis are intended firstly to characterize air quality by a biomonitoring-based approach and, secondly, to develop a biopesticide of algal origin, that allows the protection of post-harvested citrus fruit, as an alternative to the use of conventional chemical treatments. In order to answer the first objective, multi-residues extraction methods were developed. These methods were either specific to a family of pesticides such as dithiocarbamates or wider and more general regarding numerous pollutants such as pesticides, PAHs and PCBs. The latter were based either on the ASE-SPE-SPME, or on the QuEChERS-SPME, and formed the base of environmental biomonitoring studies undertaken. These monitoring studies allowed the assessment of spatial and temporal changes in air quality through natural species acting as biological sensors of environmental pollution and subsequently allowing the estimation of pollution in well-defined areas. To answer the second objective aqueous extracts of green algae, Ulva linza and Ulva lactuca, were prepared and tested as in vivo and in vitro antifungal agents, in order to study their ability to inhibit the development of Penicillium digitatum on post-harvested citrus fruits. A potential of post-harvested citrus fruits’ protection against this fungus was proved, giving hope to the reliability of this approach as a biological alternative for the replacement of potentially toxic chemical pesticides
Braun, Florence. "Identification et évaluation de critères pertinents de la disponibilité de polluants organiques au travers de l'observation multi-échelle des relations matrices-polluants-microorganismes". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20124/document.
Due to anthropogenic activity the sludge of wastewater treatment plants are contaminated by organic micropollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls and nonylphenol. This study focuses on the influence of microbial communities on the fate of these three micropollutant families during the anaerobic digestion process. A specific protocol was developed to extract microorganisms from their native ecosystem while maintaining their structural and functional singularity. Three communities, with different pollution history, were thus extracted and subjected to the same selection pressure (availability of substrate and micropollutant) in continuous anaerobic digesters. These three ecosystems can be perfectly identified through the characteristics of their microbial communities and their global metabolism. However, our results show also that the degradation of micropollutant converged in these 3 systems, demonstrating no direct link between methanogenesis and micropollutant degradation and no specialization of the microbial communities toward this degradation. In addition, the distribution of micropollutants in sludge is influenced by the metabolic pathways of those communities. The more the digestion is advanced, the greater the micropollutants are abundant in the aqueous compartment and adsorbed to the dissolved and colloidal matter. Specific functions for micropollutant degradation were studied (i) by following the 13C-labeled phenanthrene assimilation as main carbon source, which did not allow observing its mineralization and (ii) by exploring the presence of functional genes, which did not allow the detection of the targeted functions. Among the estrogenic, androgenic, dioxin-like and PAH-like activities, PAH-like activity is more expressed in all reactors at the steady state. The different degrees of digestion, through a change in PAH distribution, explain the increase in PAH-like activity in the aqueous compartment of the most digested sludge (and its decrease in the particulate compartment). PAH-like activity is not fully explained by PAH quantification, suggesting the presence of by-products with biological activity and which could be different depending on the metabolic pathway of the microbial communities
Robillot, Cédric. "Etude de la complémentarité des méthodes analytiques et bioanalytiques pour la détermination des contaminants organiques environnementaux : Application aux toxines de cyanobactéries et aux xéno-oestrogènes". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0027.
Libri sul tema "Polluants organiques – Identification – Analyse":
Feinstein, Karen. Guide to spectroscopic identification of organic compounds. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995.
Silverstein, Robert M. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 5a ed. New York: Wiley, 1991.
Silverstein, Robert M. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 5a ed. New York: Wiley, 1991.
Silverstein, Robert M. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 7a ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
Silverstein, Robert M. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. 6a ed. New York: Wiley, 1998.
H, Suffet I., Malaiyandi Murugan 1923-, American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry. e American Chemical Society. Division of Analytical Chemistry., a cura di. Organic pollutants in water: Sampling, analysis, and toxicity testing. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987.
Feinstein, Karen. Guide to Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Feinstein, Karen. Guide to Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Feinstein, Karen. Guide to Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Feinstein, Karen. Guide to Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Polluants organiques – Identification – Analyse":
Aguilera, Monica, Marie Balasse, Sébastien Lepetz e Véronique Zech-Matterne. "Amender les sols cultivés avec des fumiers et déchets domestiques : une origine multimillénaire pour un enjeu majeur du développement durable". In Regards croisés: quand les sciences archéologiques rencontrent l'innovation, 51–72. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3790.