Tesi sul tema "Politique du pain"
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Bonnivert, Antoine. "La crosse, le glaive et le pain. Évêques et accès à la nourriture dans l'espace rhéno-mosan (XIe-XVe siècles)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/308039.
Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Régis, Nina. "Le pain de guerre allemand : une histoire culturelle de l'arrière, 1914-1919". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU20083.
During the First World War, as it was impossible to import raw material and cereals from enemy countries, Germany had to impose bread rationing on the population. The first food to be rationed was bread. From the beginning of the conflict in 1914 to the treaty of Versailles in 1919, this study’s objective is to understand the experience of this food and in what way it’s qualitative and quantitative evolution influenced the Homefront’s will to support the war. The question leads to link the history of the senses with the history of emotions, the study of social practices and of cultural representations, of the press and the censorship, of the politics of bread, of the medicine and of the food security. The anticipation of the first shortages materializes from 1914 to 1916 through the creation of new institutions and the search for new substitutes to replace flour, but also through the invention of a war bread, which consumption becomes a patriotic gesture. From 1916 on, the bread’s qualitative and quantitative decline leads to the expression of disgust and to its refusal, although it continues to be suffered by the consumers and mocked by the enemies. From 1918 to 1919, war bread remains in the heart of demands for the return to the tastes of peace times and a more fundamental reassessment of the rationing system, as well as the State’s role. This study had been made possible thanks to many precious archives and invites to question several prejudices concerning « the German war bread » rooted in a more ancient opposition between white and black bread. The conservation of material traces and the transmission of bread-making practices in the long run indicate the capital role of this food for the experience, but also for the remembrance of the war. They prove the interest of a subject which stakes stretch out until the Second World War
Während des Ersten Weltkrieges, als keine Rohstoffe und Getreide mehr aus den benachbarten verfeindeten Staaten importiert werden konnten, mussten Lebensmittel in Deutschland rationiert werden. Das erste rationierte Lebensmittel war das Brot. Vom Anfang des Krieges an, im Jahre 1914, bis zum Vertrag von Versailles im Jahre 1919 geht es darum, die Broterfahrung zu erforschen und zu zeigen, inwiefern die qualitativen und quantitativen Veränderungen die Bereitschaft, der in der Heimat verbliebenen, den Krieg weiterhin zu unterstützen, beeinflusste. Diese Frage ermöglicht es, die Geschichte der Sinne und der Emotionsgeschichte, die Studie der sozialen Praktiken und der kulturellen Darstellungen, der Presse und der Zensur, der Brotpolitik, der Medizin und der Ernährungssichterheit, miteinander zu verbinden. Den ersten Mangelerscheinungen wurde zwischen 1914 und 1916 einerseits durch die Bildung von neuen Institutionen und durch die Suche nach neuen Ersatzmehlsorten entgegengewirkt, andererseits durch die Erfindung eines Kriegsbrotes, dessen Konsum als eine patriotische Geste gedeutet wurde. Ab 1916 rief die qualitative Verschlechterung des Grundnahrungsmittels, das abgelehnt, doch oft erduldet und von den Feinden verspottet wurde, das Gefühl des Ekels hervor. Zwischen 1918 und 1919 befindet sich das Kriegsbrot im Mittelpunkt der Forderungen nach einer Rückkehr zu den Geschmäckern der Friedenszeiten, und zugleich einer grundsätzlicheren Infragestellung des Rationierungssystems und der Rolle des Staates. Ermöglicht wurde diese Forschung durch eine günstige Quellenlage. Durch diese werden Vorurteile bezüglich des « deutschen Kriegsbrotes » hinterfragt, die mit der viel älteren Gegenüberstellung zwischen Weiß- und Schwarzbrot zusammenhängen. Die langfristige Konservierung der materiellen Spuren und die Weitergabe der Herstellungspraktiken deuten auf die wesentliche Rolle des Nahrungsmittels für die Kriegserfahrung, aber auch für die Erinnerung an den Krieg. Sie beweisen die zentrale Stelle eines Themas, das bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg weiterhin eine Schlüsselrolle einnimmt
Borges, Da Costa Guilherme. "Participation et dialogue dans la gestion environnementale au Brésil : le cas du monument naturel des Monts du Pain de Sucre et d’Urca à Rio de Janeiro". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1021.
The Federal Constitution of 1988 has established the participatory management in Brazil as a way to decentralize and democratize the access to national public management. Since then, the spaces for citizen participation have increased, supported by legal instruments at the municipal, state and federal sphere. In the field of environment, among other actions, councils of protected areas, which are participatory bodies for the management of a territory that, in total, corresponding to 17% of the area of Brazil, have been created. However, the structure desired on the Constitution and the environmental legislation has not been followed by an institutional change to promote engagement or even changes in the national political culture. The literature on the evolution of the Brazilian State emphasizes the influence of the historical political and economic instability, coupled by an authoritarian legacy and strong social inequality, as obstacles to the establishment of a truly democratic culture in the country. Thus, we find demobilized citizens, frustrated by public affairs, which potentializes the effects of a political crisis in democracy and alienates citizens from the public spaces and the contact with each other. We have, then, a specific situation: while there is the institutionalization of these political spaces for participation of citizens in Brazil, which could lead to new political practices and changes, and assist in the renewal of the democracy in the country, there is a frustration with politics and with the democracy that move the citizens away from public affairs. This thesis is situated within this scenario and aims to identify and analyze, from a political psychological approach, the subjectivity inherent in the management of protected areas in Brazil, seeking to understand the meanings given to them by stakeholders participation in this process. How do advisors in protected area attribute means to their own action in those spaces? How do they relate to the democratic practice? Do they make sense of their work as a political action? We also sought to investigate, from a communicative practice developed with members of the council of a protected area, the role of the dialogue in the collegiate space facing the challenges of participatory management of protected areas and if the council could be taken as a democratic voice device. To achieve these proposed objectives, we have developed a participatory action research in the Council of the Natural Monument of Sugarloaf and Urca Mountains, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. After data analysis, we have identified that people do consider the importance of the collegial process for the strengthening of democracy, they understand the participation in the Council as a political action, however, there is a process of internalization on the limits of the participation in the informational level and low willingness to engage in collegial management process. For what concerns the dialogue, we have identified that councilors recognize the importance of listening what the others have to say in the process, however, the priority is based on building an argument that is convincing and not undertaking a cooperative and collective construction of an opinion / decision / action. Whereas for those who took part in the communication action, dialogue has been taken on a different meaning, more cooperative and collective, but we have identified that some internalized limits of participation have not been overcome
Pesquet, Jean-Baptiste. "Récits d’exil de réfugiés syriens au Liban (2012-2016) : le rôle du religieux et du politique dans la formation d’éthiques souffrantes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080101.
This dissertation studies experiences of war and exile as Syrian refugees recount them in Lebanon between 2012 and 2016. It is based on an ethnography composed of over one hundred interviews as well as field notes and observations. The research aims to vulnerabilities, narratives of suffering and describe suffering in its ethical and existential dimensions. It analyses four types of narratives: political narratives of war in Syria, narratives of exile in Lebanon, narrative of suffering which are divided into three instances of existential limit-situations: illness, torture and combat.Using a postmodern perspective, this work unveils power relations between religious and secular discourses on pain shaping suffering ethical subjectivities. It then argue that spiritual exercises (practice of the self) enable incorporation of ethical virtues as a way of acting on their suffering to change themselves and their social environment. This thesis concludes that studying agency on suffering allows us to distinguishing between two ethics of political suffering: violent and non-violent
Le, Breton-Falézan Isabelle. "La place des régimes politiques internes dans l'analyse de la paix et de la guerre". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100114.
Roldán, Andrade Úrsula. "Stratégies et dynamiques paysannes face à la politique agraire d'après-guerre au Guatemala : (entre le processus de paix et les politiques néolibérales, 1985-2009)". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010635.
Bardyn, Christophe. "Montaigne, la politique et la religion : le moyenneur de la paix". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0118.
The aim of this work was to determine Montaigne's position in the midst of the civil and religious wars of his time. We took for granted that, in this context, political commitment could not be separated from religious concern. As for philosophy, we suggested that Montaigne is a mitigated cynic, wich allowed us to explain some of his contradictions. In the first Part, the most significant point is the role of political authority to solve conflicts, and an utter preferences for republicanism. Reading the Essais, we understand Montaigne's political thought as centered upon the theme of frankness, both a freedom and sincerity, leading us a new towards a cynical statement. The second Part of our work bears more specifically on Montaigne's religion. We first examined the grounds of the opinion according to wich Montaigne would have been an excellent catholic. A confrontation between Montaigne and Augustine fills most of this Part of our work. The result of those analyses was that Montaigne opposes each and every fundamental thesis of Augustine, as much metaphysical ones as ethical or theological ones. Montaigne eventually appears as a thinker most concerned by the political impact of religious theses and desirous to find merely political solutions. He is a moyenneur and an irénique. His endeavor to propose an original solution to the theological-political problem of his time led to a renewal of the literary forms
Wola, Bangala Charles. "Politique éthique et Paix : du principe de "publicité" dans la philosophie pratique de Kant à la formation morale de la conscience politique". St. Ottilien EOS-Verl, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3108409&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
Wola, Bangala Charles. "Politique éthique et paix du principe de publicité dans la philosophie pratique de Kant à la formation morale de la conscience politique". St. Ottilien EOS, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988745763/04.
Le, Mouël Carole. "Les institutions politiques en Irlande du Nord : évolution des initiatives politiques et mise en perspective du processus de paix". Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20046.
The issue of political institutions in Northern Ireland has always been complex. Right from their creation, the six Counties were governed by a legislative and executive power that was not representative. It had to change. After more than 25 years of negotiations, a peace agreement was reached on 10 April 1998. It was the fruit of several years of discussions. The political initiatives that preceded it are analysed to understand how they oriented the debates. Tactical and human evolutions, at the local and international levels, are put into perspective to demonstrate the evolving nature of the peace process. We described the new Northern Irish, cross-border and intergovernmental institutions. We explain the instability and difficulties experienced by the political process. We also underline the weaknesses of the compromise and its achievements
Razafindralambo, Bakoly. "Les "préliminaires de Paix" : Une revue politique allemande (1793-1796) de Ludwig Ferdinand Huber". Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1005.
Ezzi, Ghassan El. "Enjeux et retombees de l'operation israelienne " paix en galilee " sur le paysage politique regional". Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11019.
The israeli operation "peace in galilea" launched in june 1982, is a wellconceived action, yielding to a well-defined and stat control strategy, and was carried out in a very propitious local, interior and international context. This operation involves declared and undeclared targets, of interior nature (economic, electoral anc social) and of foreign nature (peace treaty with lebanon, destruction of the p. L. O. , redifinition of the local system), which seem quite achievable, considering the means of the actor-state. The military victory of israel had been taken granted from the start. But this victory, according to raymond boudon's sociological theory, developped "emerging effects" of various types : reinforcement effect, reaction effect, innovation effect and aggregation effects. Thanks to these perverse effects, later events will turn against initially anticipated objectives. War is the pursuit of politics by others means (c. V. Clausewitz), but war as a settlement of political disputes, just engenders new disputes
Ezzi, Ghassan El. "Enjeux et retombées de l'opération israélienne "Paix en Galilée" sur le paysage politique régional". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613430b.
Garibay, David. "Des armes aux urnes : processus de paix et réinsertion politique des anciennes guérillas en Colombie et au Salvador". Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de paris - Sciences Po, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00241152.
Cervera-Marzal, Manuel. "Ni paix ni guerre : philosophie de la désobéissance civile et politique de la non violence". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241296.
El, Rayes Nagah. "La politique égyptienne entre l'enjeu moyen-oriental et l'ambition méditerranéenne : l'enjeu stratégique de la paix". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010271.
Hohmann, Stefan. "Friedenskonzepte : die Thematik des Friedens in der deutschsprachigen politischen Lyrik des Mittelalters /". Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau Verl, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374605537.
Bouhou, Kassim. "La politique étrangère américaine au Maghreb après la guerre froide [1989-2001]". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030034.
In history, United States did not focus on North African issues. American leaders consider that this part of the world is under European influence, especially under French influence. The Second World War, decolonization in the 1950s and 1960s and the Western Sahara dispute in the 1980s are the periods during which American presence has been the most active. Yet, the Maghreb was not kept out the stakes and challenges facing the world in the 1990s. How did the Bush and Clinton Administrations consider the North African authoritarian regimes, socially weakened by endemic debts and unable to provide an alternative response to the popular call for Islamist parties ? In the making of American foreign policy, which actors are bound to the Maghreb region ? Which roles played the Congress, the media, the political parties as the Maghreb faced the booming of Islam as a political force ? Are there any interests of American parties or American political and economic clans in the Maghreb ? Are there any antagonist positions inside the Congress and the executive branch about the policy to conduct in the region ?
Al, Tabal Lyna. "Politique de colonisation, négociations de paix et statut disputé : Jérusalem au cœur du conflit israélo-palestinien". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083749.
In 1947, 93% of the land was owned by Palestinians. In 1949, only 44% of it was offered to them. Nowadays, in the light of possible negotiations, only 9-10% of pre-1948 Palestine would be given to Palestinians. After occupying Gaza, the West Bank and East-Jerusalem in 1967, Israel is trying to settle the occupied Palestinian territories through a colony-building strategy. In spite of the peace process and negotiations thar were initiated between the two parties, Israel is still pursuing its settlement strategy. These colonies form the basis of a de facto apartheid system in the Palestinian territories. This scheme is being reinforced by a series of other unequal and separate systems of laws, the building of roads and of a discriminating policy of expropriation of natural resources. Today, the only hope is a dignified and fair coexistence between the two populations, on the basis of equality and self-determination. The real challenge is not making Jews, Muslims and Christians who would still be fighting each other live together, the real challenge is to make equal citizens live in peace on the same (piece of) land
Lardellier, Pascal Melot Michel. "Les miroirs du paon : rites et rhétoriques politiques dans la France de l'Ancien Régime /". Paris : H. Champion, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39055309s.
Kuzuyama, Yuriko. "L'élaboration d'une politique de prévention de l'apparition de réfugiés: Le cas de la région des Grands Lacs d'Afrique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/240993/5/These.pdf.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Belhaoues, Mohamed Amir. "Le droit international nucléaire pour le développement et la paix". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0022.
Ruiz, Raphaël. "Télévision et processus de paix : l'exemple nord-irlandais : (1993-1998". Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21031.
Ekwa, Mateke Wilfried. "Le processus de paix en Angola". Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020092.
The latest developments seem to point towards some acceleration in the national reconciliation process xhich has been so much hoped for yet always turned down. Years of savage and destructive war finally tired the belligerents who agreed to negociations with the four powers which are u. S. A. , angola, cuba and republic of south africa in may 1988. The parties solemnly signed two peace-agreements in new york in december 1988, putting an end to the "international conflict" in angola. One problem remained - finding a solution for the conflict within angola itself. Harsh bargaining between the mpla in power and the unita, under the mediation of zaire, finally led to the agreements of gbadolite, in 1989, but these short-lived. New negociations conducted by portugal in lisbon from 1990 ended by the signing of the bicesse agreement on may 31st, 1991. These paved the way for a democratic angola to come into existence with the end of general and presidential elections scheduled for 1992. Unfortunately, unita resumed hostilities after their poll defeat in order to gain power by force. Confrontation turned to the advantage of those in power. The rebels, after this total defeat, accepted to sign the lusaka agreements, thus establishing mpla supremacy in november 1994. Which structural and conjonctural reasons have forced the protagonists to open talks and sign peace-agreements ? were there any deciding interior or exterior factors after all ?
Battistini, Matteo <1979>. "Thomas Paine nella trasmissione atlantica della rivoluzione". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/819/1/Tesi_Battistini_Matteo.pdf.
Battistini, Matteo <1979>. "Thomas Paine nella trasmissione atlantica della rivoluzione". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/819/.
Abdullah, Jamal. "La politique étrangère de l'État du Qatar (1995-2010) : contribution à la compréhension de la politique extérieure contemporaine d'un État du Golfe". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841738.
Lima, Vaz de Carvalho Pinheiro Moreira Juliana. "La fabrique sociale et politique de la paix : la reconversion autoritaire du régime angolais dans le post-guerre". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D066.
This thesis analyzes the ordinary socio-political processes that govern both "war " and "peace” times. Our hypothesis is that in long-term conflict consolidates a pattern of relations of domination, crystallizing social and political habitus. Because the arrival of peace upsets the established political order, it inaugurates a period of political fluidity characteristic of transitional processes. We question what war and peace did/do to the social and political order in post-colonial Angola and articulate it with the process of State formation. We show that it was the preservation of the status quo of the Angolan regime after the end of a 27 years civil war that prevented a possible political crisis. By exploring the hypothesis of the authoritarian reconversion of the regime of José Eduardo dos Santos, we show that the renewal of the pattern of political practices of social domination from times of war in times of peace, and we demonstrate how it legitimizes the persistence of the regime political hegemony and its extension throughout the Angolan territory, for the first time fully under its control. Beyond that, we argue that the articulation between social imaginaries peace and the Angolan regime’s post-conflict policies contributed to manufacture consent, and thus, to the creation of peace and political stability
Sacco, Elodie. "Les missions d'observation de la paix : contribution des organisations internationales régionales". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32019.
Nowadays, the Peace keeping tries to adapt to new demands of an evolving international society. In this new era of changes the Peace monitoring missions and regionalism appear as trustworthy means to make the Peace keeping change. On the one hand, monitoring has always been a classical tool serving the Peace keeping. Owing to their flexibility the missions has been able to adapt to each situation, they can perform tasks in spreading fields. The participation to the Peace keeping's evolution changes the missions' nature. Peace monitoring was traditionally a passive witness function but the growing interventions fields turn the monitoring missions into actors of the Peace keeping. Indeed it's now difficult to distinguish monitoring missions from other kind of missions. On the other hand, regionalism is revealed as a reliable tool, it permits to face with the increasing number of demands. Rich of their regional and cultural particularities the regional organisations are the most competent to answer the proximity demands. Thus, the United Nations delegate a part of the Peace keeping to the regional organisations. The attention is focused on The Chapter VIII of the Charter which might be put into practise but in real it's not strictly applied. The distribution of tasks between the United Nations and the regional organisations is not easy. Yet coordination is necessary for a durable and a coherent Peace keeping. But the growing will of regional independence threats the Peace; it could dismantle the international Peace keeping system if the UN lost the control. Then, the international organisations risk to be abused by their powerful members states, they could be seen as means to extend the national influence. This two threats risk to weaken the Peace keeping, they could help the old alliances system to come back under cover of the regional organisations. Nevertheless this situation could only be a transition step, in fact states, the United Nations and the regional organisations may just try to find their place
Jourdin, Steve. "Le sionisme socialiste : émergence, apogée et déclin d'une culture politique (1905 – 1995). Une histoire politique et sociale d'Israël". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0070.
How can we explain the fact that the Zionist experience in Palestine did not conclude in chaos? From its foundation on May 14, 1948, what prevented the young Israeli democracy from dissolving despite opposing factors such as wars, mass immigration beyond calculation and economic crises? To answer these questions and to understand the achievements of the Zionist revolution, one must move beyond the traditional explanatory frameworks of nationalism, liberalism or socialism. Starting with the Mapai victory (under the leadership of David Ben-Gurion) at the elections for the eighteenth Zionist Congress of 1933, Labour Zionism became the leading ideology within the Zionist movement. Over time, the cultural and political influence of Labour Zionism succeeded to influence the Yishuv, which has lead to a unique historical phenomenon: for the first time, a movement claiming to be part of socialism created a sovereign state; it laid the foundations of a democratic entity; and shaped the set of values for a new nation. The hypothesis of this thesis is that Labour Zionism was a project that was linked to the republican tradition. Without always being fully aware of it, Socialist Zionists were, in their own way, experimenting and implementing republican ideas. In keeping the interests of the greater society above individual interests, the Labour movement developed a new political universe with modern institutions and a civic virtue that aimed to protect the polity from dissolution. The republican ambition of Labour Zionism was embodied in its conception of democracy as egalitarian, patriotic and imbued with civic virtue.In order to offer a faithful recounting of the neoliberal turning point of the Israeli economy in 1985, and the role of the Israeli political left in this social and economic paradigmatic switch, this thesis draws on the primary sources kept in the state archives in Jerusalem. In using the records of the Labour movement, this thesis retraces the great 'moments' of Socialist Zionism, from its Russian Revolutionary origins (1905) to its decline at the time of Israel's definitive entry into the 'new economy' in the early 1990s.In the context of increasing tensions within Israeli society between social groups, and the moral crisis following the Lebanon war (1982), this thesis argues that liberal ideas triumphed over republican ideals. In depicting this transformation, the contemporary political turmoil (the so-called 'civic crisis') is put into perspective
Légaré, Kathia. "Une paix chaotique : une reconstruction politique soumise aux interdépendances transnationales : étude comparée des cas du Liban et de la Bosnie-et-Herzégovine". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27467.
When war ends with a settlement, political institutions, norms and rules defining authority, are the main topics of conflict. The aim of this thesis is to understand why in this context reconstruction is so messy. It demonstrates that political reconstruction follows a cycle which alternates between phases of status quo, debate (transformation), and crisis (contestation). This process is primarily influenced by the degree of societal division and of complexity of the international environment. When the political space is deeply divided and the international environment conflictual, as it is the cases of Lebanon and Bosnia-and-Herzegovina, the cycle speeds up because of the multiple possibilities of transnational connections. These two processes were at first frozen, and were reactivated a few years later by transnational coalitions. These coalitions promoted state-building reforms which succeeded in pushing reforms forward, and gave way to multilateral negotiations unseen since the end of the war. However, this transformative period soon gave rise to contestation that made way for a political crisis, followed by a return to a new status quo. This change in political climate can be best explained by the disengagement of interveners supporting state-building measures, and by external pressures to speed up reforms. It weakened pro-reform coalitions and supported the return to more radical political objectives.
Clerc, Lidwine. "Semer les graines de la paix : les Organisations Internationales et l’éducation à la paix au Kenya". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH034.
This thesis investigates Kenya's governmental journey into peace education through a qualitative case study and multi-sited ethnography. The relentless post-election violence of 2007-2008 signed the beginning of extensive peace building activities. Our analysis starts right at independence, in 1963; a corner stone in the national history since it rendered Kenya to Kenyans but also because the country's structural violence, social injustices, started building up in the hands of Africans. We reviewed the history of national politics to understand notions of ethnic group, ethnic community, ethnic politics in addition to unequal land allocations and internal borders. Accordingly main reasons of ethnic conflicts were assessed as well. Besides behavioural violence, Kenya is greatly challenged in terms of internal security; by rapid urbanization and ever growing slum areas with high rates of unemployed youth and by facing daily tough issues with over 500,000 refugees on its soil. We also reviewed briefly the ubiquitous corruption as an underlying matter of the issues above mentioned. Kenya made peace with an international mediation and the implementation of four agendas attending to proximate and long term issues. This thesis explored why, and most importantly, how peace education rallied round to the national peace building cause; further wondering if peace education had an impact on structural violence. Our review started at the beginning of the peace education programme in the MoEST headquarters with UNHCR and later with UNICEF. Afterwards, a national peace education campaign was built in sight of the notably peaceful 2013-general election, alongside with other activities. Kenya became the continental lead country of the ADEA: ICQN-PE, learning and sharing experiences with fellow African countries. A governmental policy on peace education was launched in 2014 with UNICEF and UNESCO; peace education now belongs to the patrimony of Kenya
Ben, Moubamba Bruno. "La signification du concept de "paix" dans l'Augustinisme". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML004.
What interests Saint Augustine, is the way elected officials, distinguished from others by the grace of God and not on their merits which are non-existent, will live in exile among the ungodly of an earthly city, private rest so peace. But just as the latter is comparable to the state nor the city of God is totally identifiable with the Church. We understand that these are two cities in the allegorical sense empirically following are mixed (perplexae) here below. Gradually assimilating the first state and the second in the Church, the medieval théocratiens (such as political Islam today) have come against the thought of the bishop of Hippo, to submit the State the church, unaware of the way the eschatological perspective of the theme of the two.The disciples of St. Augustine were they faithful to the teaching of the doctor of the Christian West, especially in politically? To the extent that they were unanimous in recognizing that the true "civilization" is based on faith in a God who revealed himself, and when man understands it as an "ultimate radicalissime possibility of his being," c is to place it outside the world. It remained to fight any attempt to reduce the size of the empirical worldly existence of the human condition, in the narrowness of the earthly city, this, this company Adamic which always precedes the city to come and prepare the tribulations of human history: "Here we will rest and we'll see, we will see and we will love, we love and praise." (Works of Saint Augustine, George Combe French translation, Augustine Library, Paris, Desclée de Brower, 1959). Is not this a picture of the peace to which all things tend-humans?
Nibimenya, Albert. "Le sentiment national au Burundi : de l'époque de l'indépendance aux accords de paix, 1961-2005". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0062.
When taking account of objective criteria that historians, anthropologists and political scientists put forward to define this kind of political structure, Burundi is a quite old African nation. The colonisation has even found this country at an advanced stage of its standardisation and the movement, wich led the country to the independence, was based on a strong nationalist feeling that has ended in the departure of Belgians. However, at the end of the 20th century, it is hardly if the Burundian nation still existed despite the fact that for about thirty years, a hard-line nationalist state in charge has made nationalism and national cohesion the top values of its ideology. The present study searches therefore to understand the current situation of the national feeling in Burundi and the internal and external factors wich have affected it since the time of independence (1957-1961) until the Peace Agreement with its striking result, the Constitution of 2005
Barzin, Nader. "L'Economie Politique de Développement de l'Energie Nucléaire en Iran (1957-2004)". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011311.
Le départ des forces britanniques du Golfe Persique en 1971 a fourni l'occasion pour le Shah d'assumer un rôle sécuritaire important dans la région. La contrepartie pour le Shah était la récupération totale des bénéfices de l'industrie pétrolière. Mais le Shah visait aussi d'enrayer la baisse continue des prix pétroliers en termes réels par le biais d'une action collective de l'OPEP, ce qui n'était plus acceptable pour les Etats-Unis. Ceci, couplé avec la volonté du Shah d'ajuster ses dépenses d'armement aux besoins du pays, et de se fournir chez les meilleurs fournisseurs et pas nécessairement aux Etats-Unis, a rendu le Shah un client inutile aux yeux de ces derniers.
L'introduction de l'industrie nucléaire iranienne en 1974 s'est faite, dans ces conditions de méfiance entre les Etats-Unis et l'Iran. Ce programme accéléré était un des piliers de l'industrialisation accélérée du pays : d'une part la nation prévoyait un équilibre énergétique optimal, et d'autre part la diminution de l'utilisation du pétrole pour l'énergie, permettait son utilisation à des fins de diversification. Le moment précis du lancement de cette industrie était choisi pour deux raisons : d'abord l'augmentation des prix pétrolières fournissait les revenus nécessaires pour des investissements de cette envergure. Deuxièmement, en tant que puissance hégémonique régionale, l'Iran ne pouvait pas ignorer le statut nucléaire d'Israël et de l'Inde. Même si le programme de l'Iran était de nature strictement commerciale (usage civil), il fournissait deux éléments indispensables pour l'Iran. D'une part l'industrie nucléaire pouvait servir dans l'immédiat de symbole. D'autre part, la capacité de recherche et les technologies à double usage pouvaient fournir à l'Iran une capacité de dissuasion nucléaire dans le futur si besoin était. La réponse des Etats-Unis au défi de l'Iran a été un mélange de deux mesures : au niveau international le contrôle des fournisseurs nucléaires a rendu difficile la souveraineté iranienne sur son cycle de combustion. Les manipulations américaines des taux de change du dollar a renversé les gains temporaires des pays producteurs et a de facto annulé le redressement des cours du pétrole. Ceci a imposé des contraintes importantes sur les pays comme l'Iran, qui s'étaient engagés dans des programmes industriels et des investissements lourds.
Notre thèse est que la divulgation en 2002, de la capacité d'enrichissement de l'Iran sert deux fonctions essentielles : installer une « dissuasion virtuelle » contre une invasion par les Etats-Unis, et rendre obsolètes les accusations des Etats-Unis sur l'utilité militaire des réacteurs civils de l'Iran. La position difficile des Etats-Unis en Irak, son désaccord avec les membres du Conseil de Sécurité, et son impopularité croissante dans les états du Golfe, ont rendu le moment de cette divulgation particulièrement bien choisi. Le programme de missile iranien est la deuxième composante de son système de dissuasion : la capacité d'enrichissement peut dissuader Etats-Unis de l'invasion, mais les missiles capables d'atteindre Tel-Aviv peuvent dissuader Israël de lancer une attaque nucléaire contre l'Iran.
Parmi les trois choix disponibles aux Etats-Unis face à cette situation—veto, acceptation du nucléaire civil, acceptation du cycle complet de combustion—nous avons émis l'hypothèse que les Etats-Unis choisiront la deuxième, i.e. le fonctionnement de la centrale civile. L'option du veto nécessiterait de la part des Etats-Unis une intervention militaire ou un sabotage, des pressions sur la Russie, ou l'incitation aux troubles internes et au changement de régime. L'acceptation du nucléaire civil peut être liée à des mesures supplémentaires de démocratisation en Iran, notamment par le biais de contrats de fourniture d'uranium enrichi. L'Europe et l'AIEA peuvent jouer un rôle important pour l'implémentation de celui-ci.
L'accélération du processus de démocratisation fournira plus de possibilités de coopération entre l'Iran et les Etats-Unis. Les intérêts communs des deux pays, gaz, pétrole et son passage libre garanti par la sécurité de la région fournissent des opportunités de coopération entre les deux nations. Cela doit d'abord passer par l'abandon d'une rhétorique hostile des deux côtés et la prise en considération des besoins légitimes de l'Iran en matière de sécurité. Des mesures à moyen et long terme nécessitent le renforcement du processus de démocratisation en Iran et peuvent aller, au delà de la coopération économique, jusqu'à la fourniture commune de sécurité dans le Golfe persique.
Monnet, Rodolphe. "La politique extérieure de l'Inde en Afrique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB025.
Since 2001 and the reshuffling of the balance of power, India has become one of the influential actors in an increasingly multipolar international context. The current groundswells are reshuffling powers between Nations in shaping new alliances and new power games. India is, more than ever, involved in this trend since the current Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, came to power in 2014. He conducts an ambitious foreign policy as a means to make his country a global and respected power. The context of the issue detailed in this document is: to what extent does Africa's place in India's foreign policy enables India to reach this status of power? This thesis investigates the following three themes: Firstly, the Indian Ocean's place in the Indo-African relationship should reflect Africa's role in India's will to make the Indian Ocean region a peaceful and secured space in which India is a decisive player in front of powerful and heterogeneous political actors. Secondly, this thesis focuses on assessing Africa's role in India's initiatives to be an influential player on politics on the international agenda through international bodies, its bilateral relations with African states and the Indian diaspora settled down in these countries. Thirdly, India's search for that particular status goes through the economic area and the assessment of India's economic footprint in Africa to better establish its influence on that Continent. This study tries to shed the light on India's foreign policy while the United States are reassessing their involvement in the Indian Ocean, and while China is setting up its "One Belt, One Road" and India and Japan have just come together to propose a new partnership to Africa
Chillaud, Matthieu. "Les études stratégiques en France sous la Ve république : la structuration d'un champ disciplinaire au service d'une politique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30049.
There has been a dynamic of contraries in the French State’s policies when it comes to promoting strategic studies : while its officials often seem willing to see it flourish, they no less often give the impression that they are unsure of how to achieve that end – or worse, reluctant at times to grant them free rein. Characterized by the practice of research institutes or government organizations, as well as by an insecure footing in academia, strategic studies is at the interface of a myriad related and overlapping disciplines and remains highly fragmented. Such eclecticism partly explains the problems encountered – among other factors, the ubiquity of the State, the power of networks, or the legacy of the post-Algerian War period when General de Gaulle imposed doctrinal orthodoxy. By combining a long-term historical perspective and political analysis, this doctoral dissertation aims to review the numerous organizations, research institutes and journals involved, however indirectly, in the field of strategic studies, as well as to explain why, despite a glorious past, it still has to find its bearings. Think tanks – very recent structures within the French strategic landscape – were, and to a certain extent are still nowadays, discredited by public authorities in terms of reflection and expertise on strategic issues in spite of a discourse of the French State which could make believe the opposite. This issue, combined, on the one hand, with the lack of dialogue between academics and militaries and, on the other hand, with the peculiarity of the object of research of strategic studies, a disciplinary field which demands a multidisciplinary approach whereas the main feature of French academia is to be monodisciplinary, explains the impediments of the development of strategic studies within the alma mater
Delton, Cendrine Castillo Monique. "Le devenir des relations internationales réflexion sur la philosophie de la paix des grandes organisations internationales (SDN, ONU) /". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0213465.pdf.
Radoykov, Boyan. "La politique américaine de maintien et de rétablissement de la paix pendant et après la fin de la guerre froide". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010309.
The thesis clarifies the origins of the us policy on peace operations, covers the global set of issues related to peacekeeping and peacemaking and presents conceptual definitions of peace operations. It develops and analyses the specific domestic policy motivations (induced by the fundamental alteration of the international context) that have led the united states to the decision to modify the strategic directions of its peacekeeping and peacemaking policy. Furthermore, the research demonstrates also how the reorientation of the priorities (followed by a consequent reduction of the motivations to intervene as well as by a modification of the classic modalities of implementation of the peace operations) resulted in a clear disengagement in this field. The central problem-area of the research concerns the radical change in the us peacekeeping and peacemaking policy after 1990 and the vanishing of the communist threat, when this policy adopted an approach giving the advantage to american economic interests. In this sense, the thesis systematises the newly established conditions of american interventionism decided within the framework of a reformed peace policy (institutional revision started by the president Bush and concretised on 3 may 1994 by the presidential directive n025 of president Clinton) in retreat compared to the cold war period. Examined during the demonstration are the political motivations and the modalities of the american interventions in Korea, Congo, Lebanon, Vietnam, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Panama, Iraq, Somalia, Haïti and in former Yugoslavia
Abdel, Rahman Houssam. "La politique étrangère syrienne : la restructuration stratégique de la guerre à la paix durant la présidence de Hafez Al-Assad". Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10035.
This study connects two fields of research interested in the analysis of the policies in the Middle East, namely the Studies of International Relations, and the Studies of the Middle East. Within this general framework, we propose both macro and micro analysis. First, we carried out a macro analysis of the principal line of the Syrian foreign policy as a process which has resulted from an uninterrupted effort of conciliation between the raison d'Etat and its Arab regional membership known as the raison de la Nation. This effort is implemented to consolidate the legitimacy of the State and to ensure the survival of the regime. Then, we did a micro analysis to analyze the causal dynamics of the decision of the strategic reconstruction in the Syrian foreign policy from the "war to peace" in 1991. This analysis is based on the determinants of the Syrian foreign policy decision as will as to the external and internal context of this decision. Consequently, this study recognizes with regard to the shaping of the behaviour of the foreign policy, the importance of the "state level" and the "sub-state level" as it is recognized in the "level of the system"
Caron, Emmanuel. "La politique ottomane de la France depuis la levée du siège de Vienne (1683) jusqu'à la paix de Karlowitz (1699)". Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040251.
The relations between France and the Ottoman Empire, which dated back to the sixteenth century, were significally renewed at the end of the seventeenth century. After the siege of Vienna had ended, Louis XIV adopted a position of benevolent neutrality towards the Porte, so as to bring it to continue the war it had started with the holy league. This neutrality was also interested because the French ambassadors tried to take advantage of this situation as well economically as religiously. After France had entered the nine years war in 1688, as the Ottoman Empire was on the verge of being defeated, an alliance "de facto" was established between both countries, which had henceforth a common enemy. From then on, their relations became close, and France acquired a political, economic and religious preeminence in Levant. From 1695 on however, the relations worsened, because each of the two partners was thinking more and more about the peace. It was France which broke the alliance "de facto", by signing the peace of Ryswick en 1697. Once more alone, defeated at Zenta, the Ottoman Empire was compelled to sign the peace of Karlowitz in 1699. But the latter event had negative consequences on the relations between both countries and the economic and religious advantages gained by France were partly lost. At the end of the century, France had therefore lost her predominant position in Levant, as well as an ally who could have useful in the view of the Spanish succession
Goiran, Hélène. "Les rôles politiques des militaires fidjiens : une histoire des guerriers, héros des conflits mondiaux, soldats de la paix, putschistes et hommes d’Etat, des premiers contacts avec les Occidentaux au gouvernement Bainimarama". Nouvelle Calédonie, 2011. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseHeleneGoiran2011.pdf.
Sherti, Epimaque. "Génocide et reconstruction de la paix au Rwanda : une contribution polémologique". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1024.
Following the river of blood that flowed in Rwanda, the country can he recover lasting peace or will it to his destruction? That is the question which is at the origin of our PhD thesis on the one hand and also the thread that has guided the development of our research. Bearing in mind the complementary aspects of science and consciousness, our goal was to develop a theoretical device that can be used in psychosociological interventions with social actors interested in the reconstruction of peace in Rwanda
Bazin, Cécile. "Images du conflit politique nord-irlandais dans le cinéma". Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030098.
This study centres on films dealing with the political conflict in Northern Ireland from 1968 to 1998 and attempts to trace the relationship between cinema and this ongoing conflict. Through its discursive construction, its independent voice and its popular reach, cinema provides a unique vehicle for the exploration of the Troubles and the peace process. The films about the Troubles, shot during this period, look mainly at the IRA and its relationship with England. The films made during the peace process reflect the question of identity - a central facet of the peace process - by representing, for example, some members of the IRA engaged in the search for their identity turning away from political violence. The comedies - also made during the peace process - use irony to denounce the political violence of the Troubles and depict the hope that the peace process generates. These films, mostly shot during the peace process which reconsiders t! he East-West relations and the internal relations in Northern Ireland between the two communities, focus primarily on the catholic community [nationalists and republicans] in its relationship with the British. Intercommunal relations appear rarely in films and the protestant community, relatively absent from the screen, is represented almost exclusively by loyalist paramilitaries. Therefore these films display a certain interest for the catholic point of view and some of them concentrate on catholic victims of specific events of the Troubles and offer an alternative to the official version of history endowing cinema with a role as historical source and also as a space for the memory of the victims. Thus, cinema does not only retranscribe history in a static way but takes part in the changes going on in Northern Ireland
Mvé, ebang Bruno. "Politique étrangère et sécurité nationale d'un petit État : analyse de l'action du Gabon pour la paix et la sécurité en Afrique Centrale, une politique extérieure au service de la construction et de la préservation de l'intérieur". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30018.
Africa is the region of the world, in which, exists the largest number of bloody armed crises. Since the independences, this region has never really known peace and security in all its regional entities. In this somber african board, Central Africa occupies an unenviable place. Abandoned in its sad fate at the end of the Cold War, countries, such as the Gabon, decided to direct particularly their foreign policy with the aim of helping states in crises, of its immediate environment, to cover a certain stability But especially in a logic of national reassurance. Small country of Central Africa, the Gabon feels the effects of the persistent regional instability. This Gabonese commitment for the peace was not born with its entry in the sovereignty. It built itself over the years. Its action for its building and national security has never aimed at reproducing exactly the same model of stability which it can but only arrive at the silence of weapons. It is obvious that as any political commitment, the gabonese regional action presents certain limits and the state should take measures aiming at a better international assertion. Nevertheless, the action of such country is important because by prioritizing the dialogue, they supply a painstaking job which manages, all the same, to put an end to the bloodsheds and to their tendency to the overflowing
Falah, Mohamed Chérif. "L'évolution de la diplomatie égyptienne dans le cadre du processus de paix avec l'Etat d'Israël (1967-1979) : étude politique & juridique". Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU1A001.
Mwana, Kitata Job. "Église catholique et crise socio-politique en RD Congo : analyse discursive de la parole épiscopale catholique sur la paix (1990-2010)". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28176.
Developed around the question: « What are the bishops’ discursive strategies for turning agents into actors of desired change, and hence into peacemakers », research shows from the rhetorical analysis of eight speeches by the bishops of the CENCO, the impact and pragmatic of their speeches in the reconstruction of the peace in the DRC. To be based on an empirical basis the socio-political crisis in the DRC (1990-2010), the rhetorical analysis of the episcopal word, emerging in the pragmatics of communication as elaborated in the theory of C. Perelman’s argumentation, in the argumentative analysis of R. Amossy’speech and P. Charaudeau’s political discourse, deals with the reconstruction of the Nation, the consolidation of peace and the prospects for a peaceful, just and prosperous democratic Congo. The analysis raises two major issues: it pursues a pragmatic aim in order to produce an effective impact on the audience and constructs new meanings, precisely, a new system of values on which to build the Nation. Putting the focal point on the values of the ethos: paradigms of « must-do » and of « bring-into-being », the research is inscribed in the moral theology, precisely theological ethic. These structuring values are normative principles, principles of reflection and anchors that the theological and ethical discourse on peace. To the counter values that threaten peace, analysis proposes, starting from the elaborations of P. Ricoeur on responsibility and coherence, and of M. Foucault’s on truth, an ethic of responsibility and an ethic of coherence backed by eths ethic of truth. Peace is a civic responsibility, a component of the ethics of fraternity built on the ethics of truth. The alethic generate the ethic of coherence among the recipients. The correctness of discourse the authenticity of life, the conformity of speech to the way of living and acting, the ethics of coherence as a mode of sincerity and authenticity of life, make it possible to build peace and self-Homonoïa in the DRC. Keywords: peace, ethos, logos, doxa, dialogism, values, change, reconstruction, consolidation, pragmatics, rule of law, rhetorical analysis, discourse analysis, ethic of responsibility, ethic truth, ethic of coherence.
Micchinelli, Matilde. "Analisi e razionalizzazione delle politiche di gestione prodotti nel settore paint: il caso Sherwin-Williams Company". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Nahon, John-David. "Cosmopolitique d’un espace public mondial. Projet de paix perpétuelle et transformation des relations internationales". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040258.
How can the structure of international relations be transformed? The structure of international relations is defined by the absence of legitimate force and centralized executive power, which constrains nations to live in a semi-anarchical state characterized by a cycle of war and peace.To confront this problem – the problem of war and peace among nations – we will resort to the cosmopolitical model, the forerunner of collective security. Cosmopolitical is a union of States, the purpose of which is a legitimate and legal perpetual peace. Because of a number of flaws in kantian cosmopolitanism, and after a review of the main, contemporary theories in cosmopolitanism – cosmopolitan democracy, liberal cosmopolitanism and republican cosmopolitanism – we will defend a project of a federal, cosmopolitan union based on a worldwide Assembly and a Court of justice. Our goal is to adapt legality, publicity and civility – the three main principles of a public space – to international relations.How can we create – thanks to a cosmopolitan union – a worldwide public space, respectful of the liberty and plurality of people and nations, in order to make the project of perpetual peace happen?Key words : cosmopolitanism, cosmopolitical, nationalism, nation, state, nation-state, sovereignity, citizenship, public space, publicity, civility, globalization, westphalian model, collective security, United-Nations, global justice, federalism, war, peace
Roy, Grégoire Etienne. "Écosystème normatif minier et communautés politiques en Colombie transitionnelle". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39059.