Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Politics and education, N.S.W"

Character education in early childhood is not new, and character education is also not just a transfer of knowledge, but something that needs to be built early on through various stimula- tions. This study aims to develop the character of early childhood through audio-visual media with traditional Javanese songs. Using educational design-based research to develop audio-visual media from traditional songs, this media was tested in the field with an experimental design with a control group. Respondents involved 71 kindergarten students from one experimental class in one control class. The data revealed that character education in children shows the average value of the experi- mental class is higher than the control group, this means character education in children can be built through traditional songs. Further research can be done to improve the character of early childhood through a variety of media that interests children. Keywords: Early Childhood, Character Education, Javanese Traditional Songs Media References: Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research? Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X11428813 Bates, A. (2016). The management of ‘emotional labour’ in the corporate re-imagining of primary education in England. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 26(1), 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2016.1175959 Bates, A. (2019). Character education and the ‘priority of recognition.’ Cambridge Journal of Education, 49(6), 695–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2019.1590529 Battistich, V., Schaps, E., Watson, M., Solomon, D., & Lewis, C. (2000). Effects of the Child Development Project on students’ drug use and other problem behaviors. Journal of Primary Prevention, 21(1), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007057414994 Berkowitz, M. W. (1933). The Science of Character. 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Early childhood development (PAUD) is a fundamental investment that is included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Previous research has shown that ECD investment in Indonesia, and its financial governance remains a challenging issue. Through a qualitative approach to a case study method design, this study aims to examine the state of PAUD financial management in Panggungharjo Village, Yogyakarta. This study uses in-depth interviews and desk research as data collection techniques. The instrument was developed from the SABER-ECD World Bank Assessment and ECD Financial Profiling Tools. The results showed that PAUD financial management in established villages had innovative financing, budget management and institutional development resulted in a blueprint for managing PAUD financing in other villages in Indonesia. Important policy objectives in all aspects, including the legal framework, cross-sectoral coordination, program coverage, coverage, equity, data availability, quality standards, and compliance with standards, the vision of financing early childhood development will be more achievable for future research. Keywords: Early Childhood, Financial Governance, Village References: Alatas, H., Brinkman, S., Chang, M. C., Hadiyati, T., Hartono, D., Hasan, A., Hyson, M., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., Pradhan, M., & Roesli, R. (2013). Early childhood education and development services in Indonesia. In Education in Indonesia (pp. 82–108). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Ambang.Yudanto. (2019). Analisis Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Desa dalam Pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa: Studi Kasus Bumdes Panggung Lestari, Bantul [Analysis of Village Head Transformational Leadership in Village Owned Enterprise Management: A Case Study of Bumdes Panggung Lestari, Bantul]. The Journal of Business and Management. Antlöv, H., Wetterberg, A., & Dharmawan, L. (2016). Village Governance, Community Life, and the 2014 Village Law in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 52(2), 161–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2015.1129047 Aqsati, F. A. (2018). Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa untuk Pengembangan Pembedayaan Masyarakat di Desa Panggungharjo [Management of Village Fund Allocation for Community Empowerment Development in Panggungharjo Village]. Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik. Astuti, S. J. W., & Suaedi, F. (2019). Building Independent Villages through Collaborative Governance by Village-Owned Enterprises (Best Practice from Panggungharjo Village, Central Java, Indonesia). Iapa Proceedings Conference, 265. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2018.200 Basuki, A. F., Setyowati, K., & Wahyunengseh, R. D. (2019). Accountability Model of Financial Management in the Public Sector: A Study on Panggungharjo Village Budget. 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The enthusiasm in the Tahfidz House (TH) education program especially for children shows an increasing trend in Padang, a modeling city in developing Islāmic character for children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Tahfidz House program trends development in early childhood in Padang. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection tools, namely inter- views, direct observation, and document analysis. The results showed that: First, the Tahfidz House program attracted public interest because it offered dimensions of character formation such as in- creasing Intelligence Quotient, Emotional Quotient, and Spiritual Quotient. Second, there is a theo- logical reason in the landscape of local people to think that the Qur'an offers a blessing concept in our lives. Third, Tahfidz House existences as non-formal education has two dominant affiliations, namely pure education and based on market interests or capitalization. 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One of the problems faced by working mothers is caring for children, especially children who are still at an early age. This is because their workplace does not allow them to bring small children or does not provide daycare. This study aims to find out the types of child care that working mothers in Indonesia choose and their considerations in choosing that type. This research method uses a mixed-method design by combining two types of quantitative and qualitative data. Data collection was carried out through surveys with questionnaire instruments and interviews with working mothers. The number of respondents surveyed was 500 working mothers and 100 of them were interviewed. Interviews were conducted in person or via telephone and video calls using the Zoom meeting and WhatsApp applications. The study was conducted in 2020 and 2021. The results of the study found that five types of child care were selected with the main considerations being the child's development, the competence and personality of the caregivers, the conditions of the living area, and considerations of cost.Keywords: early childhood, working mothers, types of care References: Alsheikh, N., Parameswaran, G., & Elhoweris, H. (2010). Parenting style, self-esteem, and student performance in the United Arab Emirates. Current Issues in Education, 13(1), 1–26. Amalia, R. P., Abidin, F. A., & Lubis, F. Y. (2022). Parenting Stress, Mother's Assessment Of Covid-19, And Supportive Parenting [Stres Pengasuhan, Penilaian Ibu Terhadap Covid-19, Dan Pengasuhan Suportif ]. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 15(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2022.15.1.51 Arabi, R., Mamat, R., Rashid, N. A., & Bakri, R. (2018). Working Mothers’ Knowledge of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) (Pengetahuan Penyusuan Susu Ibu Secara Eksklusif dalam Kalangan Ibu Bekerja di Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM)). Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 16(1), 163–168. Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=YcdlPWPJRBcC De Almeida, L. S. (2012). Working mothers and their multivoiced self. Revista Colombiana de Psicologia, 21(2), 313–322. Dey, S., Patra, A., Giri, D., Sharma, J., & Anna, L. (2021). The effectiveness of Parental Intervention in Teaching Emotional Intelligence to Their Adole scent Children. International Education & Research Journal [IERJ], 7(December), 9–12. Dhingra, V., & Keswani, S. (2019). Impact of Working and Non—Working Mothers on Development of their Children in Madhya Pradesh. 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Profile of Child Care Needs in Young Couples [Profil Kebutuhan Pengasuhan Anak pada Pasangan Muda]. Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku, 2(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.25077/jip.2.2.89-106.2018 Hurst, M., & Zambrana, R. E. (1982). Child Care and Working Mothers in Puerto Rican Families. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 461(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716282461000012 Meier, P., & Mead, L. (1978). Working Mothers. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 7(3), 49–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1978.tb00746.x Merlina, N. (2010). Parenting Patterns in the Giri Jaya Indigenous Community [Pola Pengasuhan Anak pada Komunitas Adat Giri Jaya]. Patanjala: Balai Pelestarian Sejarah Dan Nilai Tradisional Bandung, 2(2), 241–257. Montgomery, K. S. (2002a). Information for working mothers. The Journal of Perinatal Education an ASPOLamaze Publication, 11(2), 44–45. https://doi.org/10.1624/105812402X88713 Montgomery, K. S. (2002b). Resource Column: Information for Working Mothers. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 11(2), 44–45. https://doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.11.2.44 Nilam Sari, P. (2017). Increasing the Success of the Exclusive Breastfeeding Program for Working Mothers as an Effort to Achieve the MDGs [Meningkatkan Kesuksesan Program ASI Ekslusif pada Ibu Bekerja sebagai Upaya Pencapaian MDGs]. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas, 9(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.24893/jkma.9.2.93-97.2015 Odenweller, K. G., & Rittenour, C. E. (2017). Stereotypes of Stay-at-Home and Working Mothers. Southern Communication Journal, 82(2), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2017.1287214 R, R., & Chacko, E. (2019). Effectiveness of Day Care center son working Mothers. Center for Management Studies, Jain University,. Retnaningsih, W., & Setiyawati, D. (2019). Validation of the Positive Discipline Training Module to Improve Parenting Practices in Mothers of Preschool Children [Validasi Modul Pelatihan Disiplin Positif untuk Meningkatkan Praktik Pengasuhan pada Ibu Anak Prasekolah]. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP), 5(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.50373 Rimba Eka Handini, Haryoko, S. F., & Yulianto, A. (2017). Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Work Engagement [Hubungan antara Work-Family Conflict dan Keterikatan Kerja pada Ibu Bekerja]. Jurnal NOETIC Psychology, 4(July-Deesember), 169–180. Salum, E. D. O., Lima, J. C., Marcacine, P. R., Walsh, H. P., & Walsh, I. A. P. de. (2020). Epidemiological profile of working mothers. Revista Família, Ciclos de Vida e Saúde No Contexto Social, 8(2), 200. https://doi.org/10.18554/refacs.v8i2.4525 Saraswati, W., & Febriani, Z. (2018). Relationship between Mindful Parenting and Parenting Style in Mothers with Children Aged 3-6 Years. [Hubungan antara Mindful Parenting dengan Gaya Pengasuhan pada Ibu yang Memiliki Anak Usia 3-6 Tahun]. Journal Psikogenesis, 6(2), 214–222. https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v6i2.704 Shao, M., He, W., Zhao, L., & Su, Y. S. (2022). The Influence of Parental Involvement on Parent Satisfaction: The Moderating Effect of Parental Educational Level and the Number of Children. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(January). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752802 Sim, W. H., Jorm, A. F., & Yap, M. B. H. (2022). The Role of Parent Engagement in a Web-Based Preventive Parenting Intervention for Child Mental Health in Predicting Parenting, Parent and Child Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042191 Widyastuti, S. B., Soedjatmiko, & Firmansyah, A. (2011). Growth and development profile of children at two-day care centers in Jakarta. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 45(11–12), 275–279. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi Xia, X. (2022). 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The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lucas, F. M. M. (2017). The Game as an Early Childhood Learning Resource for Intercultural Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.127 Atwi Suparman. (2012). Desain Intruksional Modern. Jakarta: Erlangga. Mapiare, A. (2013). Tipe-tipe Metode Riset Kualitatif Untuk Eksplanasi Sosial Budaya Dan Bimbingan Konseling. Malang: Elang Emas & Prodi Bimbingan Dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Milner, K. M., Bhopal, S., Black, M., Dua, T., Gladstone, M., Hamadani, J., … Lawn, J. E. (2019). Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104, S3–S12. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315430 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Nutbrown, C. (2011). Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Perpres. Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. , 6 Peraturan Presiden RI § (2017). Puspita, W. A. (2013). Multikulturalisme dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI P2TK PAUDNI, 8(2), 144–152. Raikes, A., Sayre, R., Davis, D., Anderson, K., Hyson, M., Seminario, E., & Burton, A. (2019). The Measuring Early Learning Quality & Outcomes initiative: purpose, process and results. Early Years, 39(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1669142 Satrio Roefandi, P. (2019). Keluarga Pendalungan, Keluarga Berbasis Budaya Madura Atau Jawa? 10 Th Psychofest Conference, (March), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/v8g5b Stokoe, E. (2014). The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): a method for training communication skills as an alternative to simulated role-play. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact, 47(3), 255–265. Sutarto, A. (2006). Sekilas Tentang Masyarakat Pandalungan. Jelajah Budaya 2006, 1–7. Suyadi. (2010). Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani. Tapscott, D. (2011). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your World. Bucharest: Publica. Wijana, W. D. (2014). Konsep-Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. In UT. https://doi.org/10.1101/112268 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Raikes, A., Kim, S., & Kabay, S. B. (2018). Toward High-Quality Early Childhood Development Programs and Policies at National Scale: Directions for Research in Global Contexts. Social Policy Report,31(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2018.tb00091.x

Curriculum material is generally considered the subject matter of information, talents, dispositions, understandings, and principles that make up research programs in the field. At a more complex level, the curricula need to contain historical and socio-political strengths, traditions, cultural views, and goals with wide differences in sovereignty, adaptation, and local understanding that encompass a diversity of cultures, laws, metaphysics, and political discourse This study aims to develop a curriculum with local content as a new approach in early childhood science learning. The Local Content Curriculum (LCC) is compiled and developed to preserve the uniqueness of local culture, natural environment, and community crafts for early childhood teachers so that they can introduce local content to early childhood. Research and model development combines the design of the Dick-Carey and Dabbagh models with qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that local content curriculum products can be supplemented into early childhood curricula in institutions according to local conditions. Curricula with local content can be used as a reinforcement for the introduction of science in early childhood. The research implication demands the concern of all stakeholders to see that the introduction of local content is very important to be given from an early age, so that children know, get used to, like, maintain, and love local wealth from an early age. Keywords: Early Childhood, Scientific Learning, Local Content Curriculum Model References: Agustin, R. S., & Puro, S. (2015). Strategy Of Curriculum Development Based On Project Based Learning (Case Study: SMAN 1 Tanta Tanjung Tabalong South Of Kalimantan ) Halaman : Prosiding Ictte Fkip Uns, 1, 202–206. Agustina, N. Q., & Mukhtaruddin, F. (2019). The Cipp Model-Based Evaluation on Integrated English Learning (IEL) Program at Language Center. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 2(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v2i1.1043 Altinyelken, H.K. (2015). Evolution of Curriculum Systems to Improve Learning Outcomes and Reduce Disparities in School Achievement, in Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2015. Andrian, D. (2018). International Journal of Instruction. 11(4), 921–934. Andrian, D., Kartowagiran, B., & Hadi, S. (2018). The instrument development to evaluate local curriculum in Indonesia. International Journal of Instruction, 11(4), 921–934. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11458a Aslan, Ö. M. (2018). From an Academician’ s Preschool Diary: Emergent Curriculum and Its Practices in a Qualified Example of Laboratory Preschool. 7(1), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v7n1p97 Bakhtiar, A. M., & Nugroho, A. S. (2016). Curriculum Development of Environmental Education Based on Local Wisdom at Elementary School. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 3(3), 20–28. Barbarin, O. A., & Wasik, B. H. (2009). Handbook of child development and early education. Guilford Press. Baron-gutty, A. (2018). Provision in Thai basic education”. March. Bodrova, E. (2008). Make-believe play versus academic skills: A Vygotskian approach to today’s dilemma of early childhood education. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 16(3), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/13502930802291777 Bohling-philippi, V., Crim, C., Cutter-mackenzie, A., Edwards, C., Desjean-perrotta, B., Finch, K., Brien, L. O., & Wilson, R. (2015). International Journal of Early Childhood. 3(1), 1–103. Brooker, L., Blaise, M., & Edwards, s. (2014). The SAGE handbook of play and learning in early childhood. Sage. Broström, S. (2015). Science in Early Childhood Education. Journal of Education and Human Development, 4(2(1)). https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v4n2_1a12 Childhood, E., Needs, T., & Han, H. S. (2017). Implementing Multicultural Education for Young Children in South Korea: Implementing Multicultural Education for Young Children in South Korea: Early Childhood Teachers’ Needs 1 ). March. Dabbagh, N & Bannan-Ritland, B. (2005). Online Learning: Concepts, Strategies, and Application. Pearson Education, Inc. Dahlberg, G., Moss, P., & Pence, A. (2013). Beyond quality in early childhood education and care: Languages of evaluation. Routledge. Dahlberg, G., Moss, P., & Pence, A. (2013). Beyond quality in early childhood education and care: Languages of evaluation. Routledge. Daryanto. (2014). Pendekatan Pembelajaran Saintifik. Gava Media. Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design of Instruction. Upper Saddle River. Elde Mølstad, C., & Karseth, B. (2016). National curricula in Norway and Finland: The role of learning outcomes. European Educational Research Journal, 15(3), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904116639311 Eurydice. (2018). Steering Documents and Types of Activities. Farid, MN. (2012). Peranan Muatan Lokal Materi Batik Tulis Lasem Sebagai Bentuk Pelestarian Budaya Lokal. Jurnal Komunitas, 4(1), 90–121. Fisnani, Y., Utanto, Y., Ahmadi, F., Tengah, J., Technology, E., Semarang, U. N., Education, P. T., Semarang, U. N., & Info, A. (2020). The Development of E-Module for Batik Local Content in Pekalongan Elementary. 9(23), 40–47. Fitriani, R. (2018). The Effect of Scientific Approach Applied on Scientific Literacy to Student Competency at Class VIII Junior High School 12 Padang. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 7(1), 97–105. Fleer, M. (2015). Pedagogical positioning in play-teachers being inside and outside of children’s imaginary play. Early Child Development and Care, 185(11–12), 1801–1814. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 03004430.2015.1028393 Hakk, İ. (2011). Curriculum Reform and Teacher Autonomy in Turkey: The Case of the HistoryTeachi̇ng. International Journal of Instruction, 4(2), 113–128. Haridza, R., & Irving, K. E. (2017). The Evolution of Indonesian and American Science Education Curriculum: A Comparison Study. 9(February), 95–110. Hatch, J. A. (2012). From theory to curriculum: Developmental theory and its relationship to curriculum and instruction in early childhood education. In & D. W. N. File, J. Mueller (Ed.), Curriculum in early childhood education: Re-examined, rediscovered, renewed (pp. 42–53). Hos, R., & Kaplan-wolff, B. (2020). On and Off Script: A Teacher’ s Adaptati on of Mandated Curriculum for Refugee Newcomers in an Era of Standardization On and Off Script: A Teacher’ s Adaptati on of Mandated Curriculum for Refugee Newcomers in an Era of Standardization. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 9(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v9n1p40 Hosnan, M. (2014). Pendekatan saintifk dan kontekstual dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Ghalia Indonesia. Hussain, A., Dogar, A. H., Azeem, M., & Shakoor, A. (2011). Evaluation of Curriculum Development Process. 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The purpose of this article is to analyze the so-called human capital theory and to clarify the concept of public good, as well as the frequency of the expression "public" in the Declarations adopted at the Regional Conferences of Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2008 and 2018. For this, in methodological terms, this article analyzes documents from certain International Organizations (UNESCO, World Bank and OECD) and seeks theoretical support in Reinhart Koselleck's History of Concepts and other authors such as Roger Dale, Susan Robertson, Bob Jessop, Stephen Gill, Paul Samuelson , Karl Polanyi and Pierre Bourdieu.ResumoO presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a chamada teoria do capital humano e precisar o conceito de bem público, bem como a frequência da expressão “público” nas Declarações aprovadas nas Conferências Regionais de Educação Superior na América Latina e Caribe, em 2008 e 2018. Para isto, em termos metodológicos, o presente artigo analisa documentos de determinadas Organizações Internacionais (UNESCO, Banco Mundial e OCDE) e busca apoio na História dos Conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck e em autores como Roger Dale, Bob Jessop, Stephen Gill, Paul Samuelson, Karl Polanyi, Pierre Bourdieu.Keywords: Public good, Human capital theory, Commodification, Education, CRES 2008 and CRES 2018.Palavras-chave: Bem público, Teoria do capital humano, Mercadorização, Educação, CRES 2008 e CRES 2018.ReferencesALVES, Giovanni. O que é o precariado? Blog da Boitempo. Extraído de <https://blogdaboitempo.com.br/2013/07/22/o-que-e-o-precariado/>, 22 Jul 2013, acesso em 28 fev 2019.ARENDT, Hannah. A crise na educação. In: Entre o passado e o futuro. Tradução: Mauro W. Barbosa de Almeida. 3ª reimpressão da 5ª ed. de 2000. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2005.AUDITORIA CIDADÃ DA DÍVIDA. Dividômetro: quanto pagamos (juros e amortizações) – dívida pública federal. Auditoria Cidadã da Dívída. 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ABSTRAK Lingkungan rumah tangga keluarga merupakan tempat pertama kali kita menghadapi persoalan ekonomi. Ketidakpastian ekonomi di satu sisi meningkatkan permintaan akan perencanaan keuangan. Penelitian ini akan berfokus pada mencari tahu faktor-faktor mikro keluarga muslim di Indonesia yang dapat mempengaruhi keputusan investasi khususnya saham. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kuantitatif dengan instrumen data sekunder Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) gelombang 5. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi probit, teknik analisis yang dilakukan dalam regresi probit meliputi; uji kelayakan model, analisis koefisien determinasi (R2), dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa variabel variabel jumlah keluarga, pinjaman, usia, dan status pernikahan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap probabilitas kepemilikan saham. Adapun variabel pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin dan financial worship memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap probabilitas kepemilikan saham pada keluarga muslim di Indonesia. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan Bursa Efek Indonesia sebagai informasi tambahan dan bahan pertimbangan dalam pembenahan kebijakan mengenai peningkatan literasi manajemen keuangan keluarga dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Kepemilikan Saham, Pendapatan, Tingkat Pendidikan, Jumlah Tanggungan Keluarga, Pinjaman, Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Status Pernikahan, Financial Worship. ABSTRACTThe family home environment is the first place we face economic problems. Economic uncertainty on the one hand increases the demand for financial planning. This study will focus on finding out the micro factors of Muslim families in Indonesia that can influence investment decisions, especially stocks. This study applies quantitative methods with secondary data instruments Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5 The data analysis technique used is probit regression analysis, the analysis techniques carried out in probit regression include; model feasibility test, analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2), and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the variables of family size, loan, age, and marital status did not significantly influence the probability of stock ownership. The variables of income, education level, gender and financial worship have a positive and significant relationship to the probability of stock ownership in Muslim families in Indonesia. It is hoped that this research can be useful for the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and the Bursa Efek Indonesia as additional information and consideration in reforming policies regarding increasing literacy in family financial management and community welfare in Indonesia.Keywords: Stock Ownership, Income, Education Level, Number of Dependents in the Family, Loans, Age, Gender, Marital Status, Financial Worship. DAFTAR PUSTAKAAhmed, H. (2016). Inclusive Islamic financial planning: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 9(2), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/mf.2008.00934jaa.001Anshori, M., & Iswati, S. (2009). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, edisi 1. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press.Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Kemendikbud RI. (2016). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemendikbud RI.Badan Pusat Statistik. (n.d.). Jumlah anggota rumah tangga. 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Religious tolerance is a supporter of social harmony and brings a country to a better life. Instilling tolerance in early childhood is a challenge for early childhood educators. This study aims to describe the transformation of religious tolerance values ​​by teachers in early childhood education. This research is a type of qualitative case study research model with researchers as observer participants. This research produces the following findings, that (1) transformation of tolerance values ​​among religious communities, is explicitly not taught in Early Childhood Education (ECE) on the grounds that all students are of the same religion, (2) transformation of tolerance of values among religious students taught through learning integrated with other lessons, (3) although explicitly the values ​​of tolerance among religious students are not taught, but the values ​​of togetherness such as greeting, sharing something that is owned, and helping the needs of other students are taught by practicing at the same time. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Tolerance Values in Religion References: Adams, K. (2019). Navigating the spaces of children’s spiritual experiences: influences of tradition(s), multidisciplinarity and perceptions. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1619531 Adams, K., Bull, R., & Maynes, M. L. (2016). 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Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 32(4), 486–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2018.1494645 Firdaus, E. (2018). The Learning of Religious Tolerance among Students in Indonesia from the Perspective of Critical Study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 145(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/145/1/012032 Ganjvar, M. (2019). Islamic Model of Children’s Spiritual Education (CSE); its influence on improvement of communicational behaviour with non-coreligionists. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(2), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1624254 Granqvist, P., & Nkara, F. (2017). Nature meets nurture in religious and spiritual development. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12170 Heiphetz, L., Lane, J. D., Waytz, A., & Young, L. L. (2016). How Children and Adults Represent God’s Mind. Cognitive Science, 40(1), 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12232 King, U. (2013). The spiritual potential of childhood: Awakening to the fullness of life. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 18(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2013.776266 Kirschenbaum, H. (2019). Models of Values Education and Moral Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 8(2), 103–109. Lehtonen, M. (2019). The Development of Religious Tolerance: Co-operative Board Games with Children and Adolescents. IATL Reinvention: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2(2). Retrieved from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/reinvention/ Łowicki, P., & Zajenkowski, M. (2019). Empathy and Exposure to Credible Religious Acts during Childhood Independently Predict Religiosity. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 00(00), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1672486 Maussen, M., Bader, V., Dobbernack, J., Modood, T., Olsen, T. V., Fox, J., & Vidra, Z. (2012). Tolerance and cultural diversity in schools Comparative report. Amsterdam. Miedema, S., & Bertram-Troost, G. (2008). Democratic citizenship and religious education: Challenges and perspectives for schools in the Netherlands. British Journal of Religious Education, 30(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200701830970 Moore, D. . (2007). Overcoming Religious Illiteracy: A Cultural Studies Approach to the Study of Religion in Secondary Education. US: Palgrave Macmillan. Niculescu, R. M., & Norel, M. (2013). Religious Education an Important Dimension of Human’s Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.200 Pandya, S. P. (2019). Spiritual education programme (SEP) for enhancing the quality of life of kindergarten school children. Pastoral Care in Education, 37(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2018.1562493 Parekh, B. (2019). Ethnocentric Political Theory. Ethnocentric Political Theory, 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11708-5 Sari, A. D. P., & Indartono, S. 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e3828021The text is an essay based on theoretical reflections on institutional and symbolic violence in higher education which seeks to analyze the interface as evasion in exclusion processes. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which uses theoretical and documentary sources in order to elicit different investigations. The debate focuses on the contradictory elements of the university institution in the context of expanding access, it is assumed that the logic of its function, organization, and functioning contribute to the multiplication of inequalities and evasion mechanisms; Between opposites and contradictions, the analysis indicates the university institution as a space of criticism and combat to violence, fight and production of critical knowledge.ResumoO texto é um ensaio a partir de reflexões teóricas sobre a violência institucional e simbólica na educação superior em que se busca analisar a interface como a evasão em processos de exclusão. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e de abordagem qualitativa, que utiliza fontes teóricas e documentais a fim de suscitar diferentes investigações. O debate centra-se nos elementos contraditórios da instituição universitária no contexto de expansão do acesso, parte-se do princípio que a lógica de sua função, organização e funcionamento contribuem para a multiplicação das desigualdades e mecanismos de evasão. Entre opostos e contradições a análise indica a instituição universitária como um espaço de crítica e combate à violência, de luta e produção de conhecimento crítico.Palavras-chave: Educação superior, Violência, Evasão.Keywords: Higher education, Violence, Evasion.ReferencesARENDT, H. Da violência. Trad. Maria Cláudia Drummond Trindade. Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, 1985.BAUMAN. Z. Comunidade: a busca por segurança no mundo atual. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 2003.BELTRÁN, J. L. Ser para aprender. Los beneficios sociales de la educación a lo largo de la vida. 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