Bibliografie tematiche / Police corruption – United States

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Police corruption – United States"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 27 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Police corruption – United States"

Huh, Koung-Mi. "A Study on the US Corrupt Police Officer Regulation System: Focusing on the New York Police Department". Korea Anti-Corruption Law Association 6, n. 2 (31 agosto 2023): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.36433/kacla.2023.6.2.185.

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This study analyzes the corrupt police officer regulatory system in the United States and presents its dilemma or implications. Due to the complex legal system in the United States, the punishment for the same corruption is different. This gives police officers the false impression that a colleague has been sacrificed in order to uphold noble justice. Federal disciplinary laws make it difficult to punish corrupt police officers because they determine the necessity of using firearms or violent force from the police officer's point of view. After all, the government is making a practice of closing corruption cases with a large civil settlement. Sanctions are required when the New York Police Commissioner does not accept the civil complaint review committee's disciplinary recommendation for corrupt police officers.Violence and excessive use of firearms by US police officers are increasing the number of civilian deaths. It should be recognized that punishing only the problem cops, like the rotten apple theory, is not an essential solution. Corruption among civilian police officers is also serious, and a separate anti-corruption policy is needed. US police need to make efforts to restore the trust and status of the police, which have been lost to the extent that the theory of abolition of the police force is spreading. In addition, the corruption control system of the police organization should be systematically overhauled.

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Shut, O. A., M. M. Mogunova, A. L. Balandin e D. A. Baimukhanova. "THE AMERICAN ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY". Vestnik of M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, n. 3 (55) (19 ottobre 2022): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54596/2309-6977-2022-3-122-126.

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The topic of combating corruption in our world is more relevant than ever. Corruption negatively affects the state apparatus, which affects its functioning. The article examines the experience of fighting corruption in the United States of America. To prevent bribery in public policy, the United States of America became one of the first countries to initiate an active fight against corruption. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that corruption that occurs at the highest levels of government leads to the destruction of the political, economic and legal system of the state. Therefore, in order to effectively combat it, it is necessary to carefully study the experience of other states, adopting all effective methods.

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Borisov, Vladimir Konstantinovich, e Sergei Romanovich Chepurnykh. "The history of the fight against corruption in the United States". Interactive science, n. 11 (76) (29 dicembre 2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-558757.

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The relevance of the article is due to the significance of the problem of corruption for the modern world. According to the latest United Nations estimates, the annual volume of bribes in all countries is estimated at a trillion dollars. Due to corruption, the state loses about 2.6 trillion dollars. To combat corruption, almost every country has an anti-corruption policy, which means the activities of public authorities at different levels, public organizations and citizens aimed at preventing and combating corruption. Today, the problem of conducting a truly effective anti-corruption policy is quite acute for most states. Thus, over the past decade, 154 out of 180 countries have shown negative dynamics or remained at the same level in the Corruption Perception Index. In this regard, there is a need to study the experience of fighting corruption in different countries. The American experience deserves special study. It was the United States of America that became one of the first count

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W. Becker, Steven. "Human trafficking, homicide and current prevention efforts in The United States of America". Hrvatski ljetopis za kaznene znanosti i praksu 29, n. 2 (29 novembre 2022): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54070/hljk.29.2.11.

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The article focuses primarily on the question of why human trafficking is often overlooked as a contributing factor in homicide cases. As a case study, the author analyzes one of the most infamous serial murder cases in United States history, the John Wayne Gacy case, in which the human trafficking element remained hidden for almost 40 years. The case is examined from five different perspectives: (1) the prosecution; (2) the defense; (3) the police; (4) the culture; and (5) political corruption. In addition, the piece provides an overview of current efforts in the United States to prevent trafficking in persons, including a summary of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, the annual Trafficking in Persons Report, with its informative regional and country narratives, and the White House’s National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking.

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Lim, Chang-Ho. "The Measures of Enhancing Police Accountability Mechanisms in South Korea". Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, n. 3 (30 settembre 2022): 395–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.3.395.

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It is true that South Korea’s police accountability mechanisms, unlike those of United States and United Kingdom, have been not systematically established and that academic research on the police accountability mechanisms has been also very poor. The purpose of this study is first to analyze previous studies published recently in South Korea and foreign countries on the police accountability mechanisms, second to summarize the police accountability mechanisms of western countries, third to explain six types of the police accountability mechanisms of South Korea and, fourth to suggest the measures for improving the police accountability mechanisms of South Korea. In particular, this study presented six types of police accountability mechanisms in South Korea: legal, political, administrative, societal, communal, and judicial. In order to improve the police accountability system in South Korea, the measures to strengthen the internal police accountability mechanisms and strengthen the external police accountability mechanisms have been proposed. First, in order to strengthen the internal police accountability mechanisms, it is necessary to strengthen the performance evaluation of the police department, introduce the early warning system, strengthen the education and training of police officers, and operate the existing internal police accountability mechanisms more systematically. Second, in order to strengthen the external police accountability mechanisms, it is necessary to activate the police supervision system, activate the police ombudsman system of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, establish the police accountability mechanisms step by step, and promote research on the police accountability mechanisms.

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Phillips, Alan. "An Introduction to Vaccine Policy and Law in the United States". Homœopathic Links 29, n. 02 (giugno 2016): 097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1582470.

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US Vaccine Rights Attorney Alan Phillips briefly reviews vaccine effectiveness historically; then highlights some of the well-documented, systemic corruption in today's health care system generally, and introduces components of vaccine law in the United States, including the federal Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and vaccine exemptions that apply to vaccine mandates in over a dozen different contexts and subcontexts.

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Fajimbola, Joshua Olatunde. "America’s Foreign Policy and the Challenges of Liberal Democracy in Africa". Journal of Contemporary International Relations and Diplomacy 3, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2022): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/jcird.2022.0302.03-j.

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The paper examines the United States of America’s foreign policy toward Africa in terms of promoting liberal democracy, as well as the challenges that African countries face in putting liberal democracy principles into practice, thereby impeding expected dividends and development. It is based on secondary data sources and descriptive data analysis methods. The findings revealed a gap between what the United States proposed for Africa in terms of good governance, anti-corruption, and social development and how liberal democracy actually works on the continent. The paper observed that, despite America’s celebration of liberal democracy, the effect in Africa is contextualized by the majority of African countries’ experiences of impressive governance, ineffective leadership, and endemic corruption. The various bilateral agreements between the United States of America and some African countries to promote liberal democracy have also been called into question due to deviations from expected outcomes. The paper suggests a philosophical approach to liberal democracy in Africa that incorporates pre-colonial African leadership traditions and governance cultures. African governments should invest adequately in youths and galvanize their energies for productivity through employment opportunities in order to uphold and protect liberal democracy. On the other hand, the United States should strengthen bilateral relations with each African country to ensure that they achieve good governance and economic development for mutual benefit.

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Dincer, Oguzhan C., e Per G. Fredriksson. "Corruption and environmental regulatory policy in the United States: Does trust matter?" Resource and Energy Economics 54 (novembre 2018): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2018.10.001.

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Dziundziuk, V., e S. Merezhko. "MODEL FOR FORMING OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY IN UKRAINE". East European Scientific Journal 5, n. 4(68) (14 maggio 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.5.68.29.

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Formulation of the problem. Different countries have different anti-corruption strategies. However, just separate strategies to combat such a complex phenomenon as corruption are not enough; a purposeful and long-term public policy is needed, of which the mentioned strategies will be a part. And, in our opinion, such a policy should be based on the United Nations Convention against Corruption [7], which has been created as a strong base and legal framework for the fight against corruption. This Convention is unique as it is grounded on a shared understanding of the dangers and negative consequences of corruption from a wide range of participating states. However, there is a downside: while the Convention provides new opportunities and guidance for national policy and anticorruption measures, it can also create new issues in this area, for example, the temptation to take too many anti-corruption measures at the same time, which will lead to negative results and undermine the faith of citizens in anti-corruption efforts.

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Hac, Piotr. "Integrity Testing in Poland — Issues, Experience and Practical Comments". Internal Security 8, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2016): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2271.

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The aim of this article is to present a subject not widely known in Poland: the tool known as Integrity Testing that is in place in several countries of the world (including countries in Europe). It is used to fight corruption and irregularities in the functioning of public institutions and means the possibility of anti-corruption authorities creating a false corruption situation in order to verify an officer’s behaviour. The motives for the inception of the procedure, its assumptions and the basic conditions of use are presented,and the terminology used is also explained. It shows the positive, preventive aspects of the use of tests and the need for a professional approach to these on the part of the people implementing and performing them. For the purposes of this article the tests described have been divided into four main groups and the criteria adopted have been explained. A comparative analysis of integrity testing as used by institutions in the United States, Australia, Great Britain, Romania and the Czech Republic is also carried out, specifying the key differences between these systems, including how to implement procedures and the possible use of the results. Specific figures are given concerning the number of tests carried out in some countries and their effectiveness. The assumptions used in integrity tests are also compared to current similar solutions in the anti-corruption law operating in the Polish police (Article 19 of the Police Act). Also outlined are the main problems requiring a response before any possible start of work on the implementation of integrity tests in Poland. At the same time it is noted that in the years 2007–2008 the Polish Police worked on a similar legal solution, but ultimately this was not accepted. The article is based on the author’s personal knowledge and experience resulting in a highly pragmatic picture of the issues presented.

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Tesi sul tema "Police corruption – United States"

Wilson, Andrew Jonathon. "Comparative Political Corruption in the United States: The Florida Perspective". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4613.

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Political corruption is a cancer - a malignant phenomenon that affects every political system and every person in the world. Corruption undermines the very fabric of society and the faith of people in their government. It makes goods more expensive, stymies development in developing nations, and it makes both the United States and the world a more dangerous place. Because of its negative effects and universality, corruption should be studied. Its study leads to greater understanding, the discovery of effective approaches to prevention, and restored faith in political systems. Its study also illuminates and breaks down barriers to effective government while empowering officials who put constituents before themselves to act. In this analysis, modern literature and analyses are examined to gain better understanding of the nature and wider study of corruption, rankings of the American states are analyzed and a meta-study completed to rank the states along broader criteria, and one particular state - Florida - is examined closely as a case study in political corruption. Why Florida? Florida is the fourth largest state in the United States, has a racially and socioeconomically diverse population, and the highest number of convictions for corruption of any other state for the last decade. The result of this study is a deeper insight into political corruption as a field of study, better understanding of defining and measuring political corruption, and potential policy remedies to reduce it. The results come with implications for a wide variety of academic fields with vested interest in the study of political corruption along with nonacademic audiences seeking to rid themselves of this cancer of government.

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Roberts, David Joseph. "Police Reform and the Boston Police Strike of 1919". W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625618.

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Schoeman, Justin. "The role culture plays in China's illicit drug/chemical foreign policy". Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490912.

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Hollins, Robert Norvell III. "Discrimination and Nepotism Within Police Specialty Units". PDXScholar, 2002. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3094.

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A career as a police officer has served as a legitimate avenue for many Black Americans to elevate themselves from numerous low paying less prestigious jobs, to a more respectable better paying secured occupation that has a higher social economic status. The general perception related to the civil service position of a police officer, suggests that it is an occupation which should offer an environment free from discrimination and nepotism, thereby allowing fair treatment and equal access for advancement to all individuals employed within the police organization. The concept of a police organization that offers fair treatment and equal access for advancement to all of its employees in a climate that is free from discrimination and nepotism is the subject of considerable skepticism among many black police officers. Police departments throughout the United States of America have been challenged by a highly visible accusation of discrimination and nepotism in regards to the selection process and the police personnel selected to become members of elite police specialty units. This thesis traces the historical involvement of black police officers in The United States and their progression to obtain equality and fair treatment as police officers within the law enforcement community. This thesis examines the racial demographics of eighteen (18) police departments located in various sections of the United States and the racial demographics of the elite police specialty units which are incorporated within each police department. In addition, this thesis will analyze collected data from the police departments that participated in the study and determine if the minority representation within each of the police department's elite police specialty units is equal to the general population which the police departments serve and proportionate to the minority representation within the police department. Finally, this thesis will examine data identifying Black American's representation in significant areas of the criminal justice system, thus analyzing the correlation between Black American's over-representation in the criminal components of the criminal justice system and their under-representation within police departments and elite police specialty units.

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Singer, Thomas Edward. "Law enforcement officers killed and assaulted, 1960-1987: A descriptive analysis". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/712.

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Hwang, Nick H. "The Need for Interrogation Reform in the United States". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/907.

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This paper examines the methodology of interrogation in the United States, specifically the usage of the accusatorial Reid technique. Following a description of the Reid technique and its origins, the topic turns to an examination of how the usage of the method results in unacceptably high rates of false confessions and wrongful convictions. The next section discusses the recent increase in discovery and documentation of how often such mistakes occur, as well as the dire consequences which often involve the wrongful imprisonment or even execution of innocents. With the need for reform clearly established, the following sections discuss potential alternatives to the Reid technique as well as potential adjustments that can be made to provide better safeguards against false confessions. The paper then explains how suggested changes have all been empirically shown to reduce the rates of false confessions without compromising the investigative process, and recommends that the rest of the United States follow the example of the few states which have already passed legislation mandating such modifications.

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Yesilyurt, Hamdi. "The response of American police agencies to digital evidence". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4725.

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Little is known about the variation in digital forensics practice in the United States as adopted by large local police agencies. This study investigated how environmental constraints, contextual factors, organizational complexity, and organizational control relate to the adoption of digital forensics practice. This study integrated 3 theoretical perspectives in organizational studies to guide the analysis of the relations: institutional theory, contingency theory, and adoption-of-innovation theory. Institutional theory was used to analyze the impact of environmental constraints on the adoption of innovation, and contingency theory was used to examine the impacts of organizational control on the adoption of innovation. Adoption of innovation theory was employed to describe the degree to which digital forensics practice has been adopted by large municipal police agencies having 100 or more sworn police officers.The data set was assembled primarily by using Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) 2003 and 1999. Dr. Edward Maguire`s survey was used to obtain 1 variable. The joining up of the data set to construct the sample resulted in 345 large local police agencies. The descriptive results on the degree of adoption of digital forensics practice indicate that 37.7% of large local police agencies have dedicated personnel to address digital evidence, 32.8% of police agencies address digital evidence but do not have dedicated personnel, and only 24.3% of police agencies have a specialized unit with full-time personnel to address digital evidence. About 5% of local police agencies do nothing to address digital evidence in any circumstance. These descriptive statistics indicate that digital evidence is a matter of concern for most large local police agencies and that they respond to varying degrees to digital evidence at the organizational level. Agencies that have not adopted digital forensics practice are in the minority.; Researchers investigating the influence of various factors on the adoption of digital forensics practice should further examine environmental variables. The unexpected results concerning the impact of administrative weight and formalization should be researched with broader considerations.; The structural equation model was used to test the hypothesized relations, easing the rigorous analysis of relations between latent constructs and several indicator variables. Environmental constraints have the largest impact on the adoption of innovation, exerting a positive influence. No statistically significant relation was found between organizational control and adoption of digital forensic practice. Contextual factors (task scope and personnel size) positively influence the adoption of digital forensics. Structural control factors, including administrative weight and formalization, have no significant influence on the adoption of innovation. The conclusions of the study are as follows. Police agencies adopt digital forensics practice primarily by relying on environmental constraints. Police agencies exposed to higher environmental constraints are more frequently expected to adopt digital forensics practice. Because organizational control of police agencies is not significantly related to digital forensics practice adoption, police agencies do not take their organizational control extensively into consideration when they consider adopting digital forensics practice. The positive influence of task scope and size on digital forensics practice adoption was expected. The extent of task scope and the number of personnel indicate a higher capacity for police agencies to adopt digital forensics practice. Administrative weight and formalization do not influence the adoption of digital forensics practice. Therefore, structural control and coordination are not important for large local police agencies to adopt digital forensics practice. The results of the study indicate that the adoption of digital forensics practice is based primarily on environmental constraints. Therefore, more drastic impacts on digital forensics practice should be expected from local police agencies' environments than from internal organizational factors.
ID: 030646197; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-209).
Ph.D.
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Health and Public Affairs
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Belvedere, Kimberly Joy. "Why do they resist? Exploring dynamics of police-citizen violence during arrest encounters". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2177.

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This study seeks to identify a relationship between Rational Choice/Classical thought and resisting arrest among criminal offenders. It seeks also to fill the gap that currently exists with regard to the effects of situational dynamics and police-citizen violence.

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Akinropo, Akinniyi Ademola. "Perception of Nigerian Immigrants of Police and Policing in the United States". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5048.

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Nigerian immigrants in the United States exhibit complex and different perceptions of police in the criminal justice system than those of African Americans who are born in the United States. In order for Nigerian immigrants to contribute to improved police-community relations, their views and experiences with local police should be evaluated and applied to police agency decision-making. The purpose of this narrative study was to explore Nigerian immigrants' perceptions of police and policing in the United States (U.S.). Social cognitive theory was utilized as a lens of analysis to understand how prior experiences can influence future behavior and expectations. Structured interviews from a purposive sample of 14 Nigerian immigrants living in San Antonio, TX, were coded and subjectively analyzed with Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) miner software. A narrative inquiry was used so that participants could provide reasoning from their own perspectives and experiences to answer the research and interview questions. According to the study findings, despite overwhelming negative opinions about police in the United States, Nigerian immigrants hold more positive opinions about police in the United States than the police force in their home country. While nearly all participants complained about the abuse of authority by police, police in the United States are not perceived as corrupt. These findings can be used to enhance relationships between Nigerian immigrant communities and the police in areas where there are high concentrations of this particular group, especially in the practice of community policing and resolving negative perceptions based on cultural imprints that hinder effective policing.

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Wentzlof, Chloe Ann. "A Comparision of Classification Models for Predicting Criminal Case Disposition of Police Crime in the United States". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1554993250668438.

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Libri sul tema "Police corruption – United States"

Avery, Michael. Police misconduct: Law and litigation. 3^a ed. [St. Paul, Minn.]: Thomson/West, 2002.

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Avery, Michael. Police misconduct: Law and litigation. 3^a ed. [St. Paul, Minn.]: Thomson/West, 2008.

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Avery, Michael. Police misconduct: Law and litigation. 3^a ed. New York: Clark Boardman Callaghan, 1996.

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Dittrich, Stacy. Murder behind the badge: True stories of cops who kill. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books, 2009.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. United States policy toward Iran: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One hundredth Congress, first session, January 14, 16, 23, and 27, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Corbitt, Michael. Double deal: The inside story of murder, unbridled corruption, and the cop who was a mobster. New York, N.Y: Avon, 2004.

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Lindberg, Richard. To serve and collect: Chicago politics and police corruption from the Lager Beer Riot to the Summerdale Scandal : 1855-1960. Carbondale, Ill: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998.

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Manca, John. Tin for sale. New York: Avon Books, 1993.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Police corruption – United States"

Albrecht, James F. "Timetable: Police Deviance and Serious Misconduct in the United States". In Police Brutality, Misconduct, and Corruption, 9–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64438-7_3.

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Albrecht, James F. "Understanding and Preventing Police Deviance and Corruption Based on Experiences and Trends in the United States". In Special Topics in Policing, 63–86. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56347-8_4.

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Kutnjak Ivković, Sanja, Jon Maskály, Ahmet Kule e Maria Maki Haberfeld. "The Code of Silence and the Theory of Police Integrity". In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 17–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96844-1_2.

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AbstractThis chapter nests the code of silence within the discussion of police integrity. It starts by presenting an overview of the tenets of police integrity theory and the methodology developed by Klockars CB, Kutnjak Ivković S, Haberfeld MR (2004a) The contours of police integrity. In Klockars CB, Kutnjak Ivković S, Haberfeld M R (eds). The contours of police integrity. Sage, Thousand Oaks, p 1–18.; Klockars CB, Kutnjak Ivković S, Haberfeld MR (2004b) Police integrity in the United States of America. In Klockars CB, Kutnjak Ivković S, Haberfeld M R (eds). The contours of police integrity. Sage, Thousand Oaks, p 265–282. Based on the data from one mid-sized police department in the United States, the chapter examines the extent of the code of silence across 12 different scenarios depicting lapses in police integrity, including police corruption, use of excessive force, organizational deviance, and interpersonal deviance. Our findings show that the strength of the code of silence varies across scenarios and that it is negatively related to how serious misconduct is evaluated to be. The multivariate models indicate that the perceptions of organizational peer culture are the strongest factor affecting the respondents’ own willingness to report. In addition, other factors based on the police integrity theory—seriousness of police misconduct, assessment that the behavior violates official rules, and severity of expected discipline—are all related to the respondents’ expressed unwillingness to adhere to the code of silence.

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Kutnjak Ivković, Sanja, Jon Maskály, Ahmet Kule e Maria Maki Haberfeld. "The Code of Silence and Disciplinary Fairness". In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 37–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96844-1_3.

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AbstractThis chapter expands the police integrity approach by focusing on the link between the evaluations of disciplinary fairness and the code of silence. Based on the writings by Klockars and Kutnjak Ivković (The code of silence and the Croatian police. In Pagon M (ed) Policing in central and Eastern Europe: organizational, managerial, and human resource aspects. College of Police and Security Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 329–347, 1998), this chapter presents three potential theoretical approaches hypothesizing the relationship between police officers’ willingness to report misconduct and disciplinary fairness. We rely on the data from one mid-sized police department in the United States to test the effects across 12 scenarios depicting police corruption, use of excessive force, interpersonal deviance, and organizational deviance. Our multivariate models show that perceptions of disciplinary fairness are independently related to the police officers’ willingness to adhere to the code of silence. Discipline that is viewed as too harsh does not entice police officers to report; rather, in such cases, police officers are more likely to say that they would not report than police officers who evaluated discipline as fair. The effects are not as clear for the cases in which police officers evaluated discipline as too lenient.

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Kramer, Paul. "Reflex Actions: Colonialism, Corruption and the Politics of Technocracy in the Early Twentieth Century United States". In Challenging US Foreign Policy, 14–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230349209_2.

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Lambert, Laurent A., e Moosa Elayah. "Conclusions". In The Post-American Middle East, 247–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29912-4_10.

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AbstractDuring the two decades of the US War on Terror, the indicators of peace, stability, and security have markedly deteriorated in nearly two-thirds of the countries of the broad Middle East region, wherein American foreign policy has become particularly resented, as expressed in various survey polls. The United States had never fought for so long a war (and legally, the War on Terror is still continuing), and the political structures of the Middle East never had been so fundamentally challenged—and in a few countries, destroyed—since World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire a century ago. The War on Terror, as such or under different names, has been characterized by grand policy claims, the actual destabilization of dozens of countries, the widespread use of torture, the endemic corruption of tribal and government elites, the polarization of inter-state relations across the Middle East, counter-productive policies of drone bombings with frequent collateral civilian victims, and large-scale migrations across and from a region that will need decades to reconstruct itself and heal from the trauma. Building upon the previous nine chapters, this final section presents our conclusions as to why the WoT failed so badly in the region and why the role of the United States has sharply declined in importance there, having identified four main reasons. Finally, we explain that the long-announced regional withdrawal of the United States has disappointed traditional partners. Tellingly, Egypt, Israel, and the Gulf monarchies have decided in 2022 to not abide by the US sanctions against Russia in order not to antagonize an international power that has become particularly influential in Syria, Iran, and the broad region, at a time when Washington seems to be losing always more ground to what it has officially called in its strategic doctrine “near-peer competitors”, i.e., Russia and China.

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Tillipman, Jessica. "The United States". In Routledge Handbook of Public Procurement Corruption, 519–42. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003220374-36.

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Kassab, Hanna Samir, e Jonathan D. Rosen. "Conclusion: Police, Judicial, and Prison Reform". In Corruption, Institutions, and Fragile States, 179–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04312-4_9.

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Cortese, Jeff. "Border Corruption". In Public Corruption in the United States, 69–78. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197447-9.

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Cortese, Jeff. "Prison Corruption". In Public Corruption in the United States, 61–68. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197447-8.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Police corruption – United States"

Karatalov, Omurbek. "Open Economy and Economic Integration within the Framework of Eurasia". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00633.

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The Kyrgyz Republic economy openness is studied within the framework of the Eurasia. Insufficient level of the financial and economic standing of Kyrgyzstan is clarified. Reasons for Governmental regulating use in the area of monetary, tax and budget policy in USA have been set up. Conditions of the development of industrial countries economy are under consideration. The necessity of financialisation of all capital of country is defined. Kyrgyzstan public budget’s permanent deficiency formation reasons are studied. A necessity of integration economic relations development within the framework of Eurasia is offered. A necessity of sustainable economic relations establishment as well as finding solution for external debt between Kyrgyzstan and Russia have been justified. It is recommended to strengthen effective fight against a scale corruption, «shadow» economy and criminalization of economy and finances. The increase of efficiency and responsibility of top managers of the public administration level have been offered. The necessity of the independent mastering of own gold-mining fields is justified. The need to attract the foreign direct investments to the area of mining and processing industry have been offered. Within the framework of acceleration of economic integration. Needs for the development of exploring and processing of hydrocarbons as well as building of large economic entities especially the hydroelectric power stations, namely Kambar-Ata-1 Hydro-Power Plants have been suggested. By this it is also suggested to Russia to develop this as strategic partner of Kyrgyzstan. Creation of integral customs system and energy cooperation suggested. It should be supported by establishment of unique equivalent among Eurasia states. By this it is to be possible to find acceptable solutions in finance and economy and to form a united economic cooperation considering a sovereignty of each state. It is necessary to develop the identical financial reporting of point-of-sale and payment balances, balance of international investments, compliable national republics and on the whole on Eurasia. To walk away from the calculation and actual use of dollar of the USA in finance and economic operations. Based on econometric prognosis of gross internal product and the public budget of Kyrgyzstan is made calculating on the per to 2025 year.

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Arslan, Hasan, e Dan Farkas. "SHOT: Developing a database for police shooting incidents in the United States". In 2015 Internet Technologies and Applications (ITA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itecha.2015.7317375.

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Chen, Tianze. "Multivariate analysis on determining the main influencing factors of police violence in the United States". In International Conference on Statistics, Applied Mathematics, and Computing Science (CSAMCS 2021), a cura di Ke Chen, Nan Lin, Romeo Meštrović, Teresa A. Oliveira, Fengjie Cen e Hong-Ming Yin. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2627933.

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Naydenov, Egor. "CORRUPTION CRIMES AS ONE OF THE GROUNDS FOR IMPEACHMENT IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES". In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/153-164.

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The article deals with the regulation of impeachment proceedings in foreign countries on the example of the United States and Brazil. The types of impeachment, stages and procedures, and grounds for initiating and removing officials from office are analyzed. The article compares the procedure of impeachment of the President in Russia and in these countries. Special attention is paid to the impeachment process against Rousseff, who is accused of corruption crimes.

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Nikolovski, Marjan, Marjan Mladenovski e Frosina Nikolovska. "TYPES OF CORRUPTION IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION". In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.11.01.20.p23.

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Corruption as a phenomenon today is one of the most serious threats to the rule of law. It means that instead of the rule of law and its norms, individuals are governed, guided by lucrative goals and in accordance with their interests. It is a form of government dominated by self-love and self-government as a manifest form, followed by a reference to (often business) interests. Furthermore, it is a social situation and practice that adversely affects overall social development, slows down economic processes, deteriorates social security and undermines perceptions and beliefs about the value of principles, in particular the principles of legality, equality, and freedom. Corruption poses is a serious threat to democracy, justice and human rights, justice and social justice and impedes the economic development of states. Corruption runs counter to the principle of the rule of law and poses a direct threat to democratic institutions and the moral foundations of society. There are various forms of corruption, such as: political corruption, corruption in the judiciary, health, police, education and so on. One of the less researched forms of corruption is corruption in education with a particular aspect of higher education, a form of which is little talked about and the under-researched types of corrupt practices in higher education. From this point of view, the Faculty of Security conducted a five-year research on “Public opinion of the citizens of the Republic of Macedonia on corruption where a significant space is devoted to corruption in education with 158 emphasis on the university education. The paper also provides an analysis of the Erasmus court case, which specifically addresses corruption in university education. Key words: corruption, shapes, corruption in university education, types

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Burke, Donald S., Martha W. Bidez e Kathryn Mergl. "Cervical Spine Tolerance to Catastrophic Injury in Rollover Crash Environments". In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204926.

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According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) rollovers have a higher fatality rate than all other kinds of crash modes. Of the 6,159,287 police reported crashes in 2005 in the United States, only 4.1% involved a rollover. Yet, rollovers accounted for 34.4% (10,816) of all passenger vehicle fatalities and another 149,406 individuals sustained serious injuries in rollover crashes in 2005 [5].

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Ied Abdullah ABDULLAH, Ahmed. "THE ROLE OF E-GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS IN COMBATING ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL CORRUPTION IN IRAQ". In VI. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress6-01.

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Iraq faces many challenges as a result of the spread of financial and administrative corruption in most state institutions, especially with the multiplicity of decision-making sources and the lack of clarity of the economic system in force in Iraq, as the economy moved after the invasion of Iraq in 2003 by the United States and its allies to a rentier economy with almost complete dependence on oil revenues Without benefiting from the rest of the resources that Iraq enjoys, such as industry, agriculture, and services, many researchers believe that applying the concept of good governance leads to helping the Iraqi state gain more transparency, accountability, independence, and freedom in managing its affairs and actions. This study discusses the challenges and problems facing the Iraqi state, the concept and importance of applying good governance, its standards and models, and its role in reducing administrative and financial corruption. The study concluded that the Iraqi state suffers from financial and administrative corruption, and this is due to many problems, including weak application of good governance and the absence of systems of transparency and accountability. Transparency levels, and considering combating financial and administrative corruption a national task in which everyone participates

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Salimi, Nahal, Bryan Gere e Sharo Shafaie. "POLICE OFFICERS' KNOWLEDGE OF, AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS, MENTAL ILLNESS AND THE MENTALLY ILL INDIVIDUALS". In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact059.

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"Police officers are some of the first professionals that might have direct interaction with individuals with mental illnesses. Statistics show that from 2017 to 2020 about 3986 individuals in the United States were fatally shot by police officers (Statista, 2021). These reports indicate that at least 25% and as many as 50% of all fatal shootings involved individuals with untreated severe mental illness. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the effectiveness of a five-day psycho-educational mental health awareness training in enhancing law enforcement officers’ knowledge about mental illness, and their perceptions towards mentally ill individuals using a pretest-posttest design. The Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale was used to measure participants’four mental health attitudinal domains - authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community mental health ideology. The results indicate that at the completion of the training there was an increase in participants’ confidence about their knowledge of the mentally ill individuals and mental illness conditions. However, the results also indicate a slight decrease in participants' mental illness social restrictiveness sentiment after the completion of the training. Additionally, the results also show a correlation between demographic variables and some of the domains. Implications for practice are discussed."

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Davydenko, Nadiia, Svitlana Boiko, Alina Вuriak e Inna Demianenko. "Development of rural areas through fiscal decentralization". In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.010.

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The ratification of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the adoption of the Concept of the Reform of Local Self-Government and the Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine in April, 2014 laid the groundwork for the approval of fiscal decentralization and the creation of fiscal frameworks for the development of rural areas. One of the defining conditions of fiscal decentralization is the provision of the local government with financial resources in an amount sufficient to perform their tasks for development of rural areas. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of rural development of Ukraine in terms of fiscal decentralization, identify the main problems, and present an argument for the directions towards enhancing the positive impact of fiscal decentralization on the social and economic development of rural areas. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of research, in particular: economic and statistical; analysis and synthesis; tabular and graphical. The conducted research has made it possible to establish that the implementation of fiscal decentralization has resulted in greater interest of village council in increasing revenues to local budgets by transferring the right to receive more tax revenues and non-tax revenues, finding contingency local budgets, improving the efficiency of tax administration and fees. The study gives grounds for proposing approaches to increase the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization in the context of rural development, including expanding of the list of taxes and fees in budget revenues of united territorial community (e.g. corporate income tax, personal income tax, environmental tax); improving the mechanism for providing local budgets with inter-budget transfers from the State Budget of Ukraine; optimization of budget expenditures under the condition that a guaranteed and affordable level of public services is provided; increasing the accountability of local governments in order to prevent corruption; involvement of the population in active participation in development policy of rural areas.

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Левин, Я. А. "CHIANG KAI-SHEK AND THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR IN FBI ASSESSMENTS". In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.75.62.022.

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Гражданская война в Китае стала временем острого столкновения интересов США и СССР в разгорающейся «холодной войне», поэтому, не удивительно, что американские спецслужбы про-являли повышенный интерес к этому региону. Чан Кайши – лидер условно проамериканской Ки-тайской Республики очень быстро проявил себя ненадёжным союзником, что во многом повлияло на ход войны. Информация о коррупции, махинациях и различных сложностях политики в этой части Китая стала доступна американскому руководству, в том числе и благодаря работе спец-служб. The Chinese civil war was a time of sharp clash between the interests of the United States and the USSR in the flaring Cold War, so it is not surprising that the American intelligence services showed an increased interest in this region. Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the conditionally pro-American Republic of China, very quickly proved to be an unreliable ally, which largely influenced the course of the war. In-formation about corruption, fraud and various political complexities in this part of China has become available to the American leadership, including due to the work of intelligence agencies.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Police corruption – United States"

Pippins, Lawrence A. The Use of United States Military Police in Migrant/Refugee Relief Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326757.

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Pike, Robert E. Alternative Futures: United States Air Force Security Police in the Twenty-First Century. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202057.

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DeBacker, Jason, Bradley Heim e Anh Tran. Importing Corruption Culture from Overseas: Evidence from Corporate Tax Evasion in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17770.

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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Elizabeth Benninger, Tabitha Hrynick e Santiago Ripoll. Youth COVID-19 Vaccine Engagement in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Institute of Development Studies, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.040.

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Despite overall progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minority communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. Vaccine hesitancy among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among minority youth (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio. While public discourse may label young people as “vaccine hesitant,” we found that there were hesitation differences based on social location and place. We found the greatest vaccine hesitancy among older youth (15+ years old), particularly those from minoritized communities. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives. Instead, concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minority youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minority communities and authorities, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.

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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee e Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Orlando, United States of America. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007015.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. As an international destination for theme parks, sporting events and conventions, Orlando approaches the smart city operation through Orlando Operations Center (OOC), an integrated facility established in 2001 by the Mayor after the 1997 hurricane. The major features of the integrated operation include the sharing of fiber optic networks and CCTV cameras, and close cooperation between transport, police and fire departments for road, criminal and disaster incident, and the emergency operation center within the OOC taking the lead in case of special event management and large-scale natural disasters. Along with the OOC, the city hall also utilizes smart city functions such as red light violation enforcement through detectors, bus management through AVL technology, GPS garbage truck tracking, and GIS water management. Orlando has experienced significant benefits in terms of shortened decision-making and response time, reduced operation cost, and improved environmental impacts, as well as enhanced service quality and communication with citizen.

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Nash, Richard, Cheyanne Scharbatke-Church, Zita Toribio, Peter Woodrow e Derick W. Brinkerhoff. Understanding Corruption and Social Norms: A Case Study in Natural Resource Management. RTI Press, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0089.2309.

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Corruption undermines many outcomes across development sectors, yet little is known about how social norms drive corruption or undermine anticorruption efforts in sector work. The conservation sector is no exception. The current study examined corruption and social norms related to infrastructure investments and site planning decisions and their subsequent effect on conservation outcomes. The study focused on the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, one of four protected areas under the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Sustainable Interventions for Biodiversity, Oceans and Landscapes (SIBOL) project in the Philippines, implemented by RTI International. Based on a site visit, key informant interviews, and extensive document analysis, our findings elucidate a unique governance structure that enabled project partners to navigate the significant corruption risks present. Direct social norms were not found to be driving corrupt decision making. However, indirect norms played a role by dictating inaction or silence—powerful behaviors—in the face of abuse of entrusted power for personal gain. Our analysis highlights the challenges and importance of having practitioners clearly define and understand what they mean by “corruption” as well as the importance of undertaking a systems analysis that incorporates the influence of social norms on behaviors within that system.

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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Tabitha Hrynick, Elizabeth Benninger, Janet McGrath e Santiago Ripoll. The COVID-19 YPAR Project: Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) to Explore the Context of Ethnic Minority Youth Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States and United Kingdom. Institute of Development Studies, ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.072.

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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in the US and UK, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised and/or deprived communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among young people (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio, US and the London borough of Ealing, UK. Whilst public discourse may label young people as ‘vaccine hesitant,’ we found that there were differences based on social location and place and this labelling may portray young people as ‘ignorant.’ We found the greatest vaccine hesitancy among older youth (15+ years old), particularly those from minoritised and deprived communities. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives, but instead concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minoritised youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minoritised and deprived communities and the state, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.

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Frisancho, Veronica, Evi Pappa e Chiara Santantonio. When Women Win: Can Female Representation Decrease Gender-Based Violence? Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004513.

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Every day, three women are murdered in the United States by a current or former partner. Yet policy action to prevent gender-based violence has been limited. Previous studies have highlighted the effect of female political representation on crimes against women in the developing world. This paper investigates whether the election of a female politician reduces the incidence of gender-based violence in the United States. Using a regression discontinuity design on mixed-gender races, we find that the election of a female House Representative leads to a short-lived decline in the prevalence of femicides in her electoral district. The drop in femicides is mainly driven by a deterrence effect that results from higher police responsiveness and effort in solving gender-related crimes.

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Richardson, Allissa V. Trends in Mobile Journalism: Bearing Witness, Building Movements, and Crafting Counternarratives. Just Tech, Social Science Research Council, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3010.d.2021.

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This field review examines how African American mobile journalism became a model for marginalized people’s political communication across the United States. The review explores how communication scholars’ theories about mobile journalism and media witnessing evolved since 2010 to include ethnocentric investigations of the genre. Additionally, it demonstrates how Black people’s use of the mobile device to document police brutality provided a brilliant, yet fraught, template for modern activism. Finally, it shows how Black mobile journalism created undeniable counternarratives that challenged the journalism industry in 2020 and presented scholars with a wealth of researchable questions. Taken together, the review complicates our understanding of Black mobile journalism as a great equalizer—pushing us to also consider what we lose when we lean too heavily on video testimony as a tool for political communication.

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Domínguez, Patricio, e Carlos Scartascini. Willingness to pay for crime reduction: evidence from six countries in the Americas. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004531.

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Crime levels are a perennial development problem in Latin America and a renewed concern in the United States. At the same time, trust in the police has been falling, and questions abound about citizens' willingness to support government efforts to fight crime. We conduct a survey experiment to elicit willingness to contribute toward reducing crime across five Latin American countries and the United States. We compare homicide, robbery, and theft estimates and find a higher willingness to contribute for more severe crimes and for higher crime reductions. In addition, we examine the role of information on the willingness to contribute by conducting two experiments. First, we show that exposing respondents to crime-related news increases their willingness to pay by 5 percent. Furthermore, while we document a 7 percent gap in willingness to pay for crime reduction between people who under- and over-estimate the murder rate, we find that this gap can be wholly eliminated by informing them about the actual level of crime. On average, our estimates suggest that households are willing to contribute around $140 per year for a 20 percent reduction in homicide. This individual-level predisposition would translate into additional investment in public security efforts of up to 0.5 percent of GDP.

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