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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Plant viruses"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Plant viruses"

1

Kawakami, Shigeki, e Yuichiro Watanabe. "Plant viruses. Movement proteins of plant viruses." Uirusu 49, n. 2 (1999): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.49.107.

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2

Ehara, Yoshio. "Special issue: Plant viruses. Plant response to viruses." Uirusu 44, n. 1 (1994): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.44.55.

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3

Watanabe, Yuichiro. "Special issue: Plant viruses. Movement proteins of plant viruses." Uirusu 44, n. 1 (1994): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.44.11.

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4

Ogawa, Toshiya. "Special issue: Plant viruses. Transgenic resistance to plant viruses." Uirusu 44, n. 1 (1994): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.44.69.

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5

Cao, Xinran, Jie Liu, Jianguo Pang, Hideki Kondo, Shengqi Chi, Jianfeng Zhang, Liying Sun e Ida Bagus Andika. "Common but Nonpersistent Acquisitions of Plant Viruses by Plant-Associated Fungi". Viruses 14, n. 10 (17 ottobre 2022): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102279.

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Investigating a virus’s host range and cross-infection is important for better understanding the epidemiology and emergence of viruses. Previously, our research group discovered a natural infection of a plant RNA virus, cumber mosaic virus (genus Cucumovirus, family Bromoviridae), in a plant pathogenic basidiomycetous fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, isolated from a potato plant grown in the field. Here, we further extended the study to investigate whether similar cross-infection of plant viruses occurs widely in plant-associated fungi in natural conditions. Various vegetable plants such as spinach, leaf mustard, radish, celery, and other vegetables that showed typical virus-like diseases were collected from the fields in Shandong Province, China. High-throughput sequencing revealed that at least 11 known RNA viruses belonging to different genera, including Potyvirus, Fabavirus, Polerovirus, Waikavirus, and Cucumovirus, along with novel virus candidates belonging to other virus genera, infected or associated with the collected vegetable plants, and most of the leaf samples contained multiple plant viruses. A large number of filamentous fungal strains were isolated from the vegetable leaf samples and subjected to screening for the presence of plant viruses. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing of the PCR products revealed that among the 169 fungal strains tested, around 50% were carrying plant viruses, and many of the strains harbored multiple plant viruses. The plant viruses detected in the fungal isolates were diverse (10 virus species) and not limited to particular virus genera. However, after prolonged maintenance of the fungal culture in the laboratory, many of the fungal strains have lost the virus. Sequencing of the fungal DNA indicated that most of the fungal strains harboring plant viruses were related to plant pathogenic and/or endophytic fungi belonging to the genera Alternaria, Lecanicillium, and Sarocladium. These observations suggest that the nonpersistent acquisition of plant viruses by fungi may commonly occur in nature. Our findings highlight a possible role for fungi in the life cycle, spread, and evolution of plant viruses.

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Bagni. "The Plant Viruses." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 275, n. 3 (giugno 1989): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(89)87241-9.

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7

Chung, Bong-Nam, Tomas Canto e Peter Palukaitis. "Stability of recombinant plant viruses containing genes of unrelated plant viruses". Journal of General Virology 88, n. 4 (1 aprile 2007): 1347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82477-0.

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The stability of hybrid plant viruses that might arise by recombination in transgenic plants was examined using hybrid viruses derived from the viral expression vectors potato virus X (PVX) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV). The potato virus Y (PVY) NIb and HCPro open reading frames (ORFs) were introduced into PVX to generate PVX-NIb and PVX-HCPro, while the PVY NIb ORF was introduced into a vector derived from TRV RNA2 to generate TRV-NIb. All three viruses were unstable and most of the progeny viruses had lost the inserted sequences between 2 and 4 weeks post-inoculation. There was some variation in the rate of loss of part or all of the inserted sequence and the number of plants containing the deleted viruses, depending on the sequence, the host (Nicotiana tabacum vs Nicotiana benthamiana) or the vector, although none of these factors was associated consistently with the preferential loss of the inserted sequences. PVX-NIb was unable to accumulate in NIb-transgenic tobacco resistant to infection by PVY and also showed loss of the NIb insert from PVX-NIb in some NIb-transgenic tobacco plants susceptible to infection by PVY. These data indicate that such hybrid viruses, formed in resistant transgenic plants from a transgene and an unrelated virus, would be at a selective disadvantage, first by being targeted by the resistance mechanism and second by not being competitive with the parental virus.

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Roossinck, Marilyn J. "Lifestyles of plant viruses". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, n. 1548 (27 giugno 2010): 1899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0057.

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Abstract (sommario):

The vast majority of well-characterized eukaryotic viruses are those that cause acute or chronic infections in humans and domestic plants and animals. However, asymptomatic persistent viruses have been described in animals, and are thought to be sources for emerging acute viruses. Although not previously described in these terms, there are also many viruses of plants that maintain a persistent lifestyle. They have been largely ignored because they do not generally cause disease. The persistent viruses in plants belong to the family Partitiviridae or the genus Endornavirus . These groups also have members that infect fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of the partitivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes suggests that these viruses have been transmitted between plants and fungi. Additional families of viruses traditionally thought to be fungal viruses are also found frequently in plants, and may represent a similar scenario of persistent lifestyles, and some acute or chronic viruses of crop plants may maintain a persistent lifestyle in wild plants. Persistent, chronic and acute lifestyles of plant viruses are contrasted from both a functional and evolutionary perspective, and the potential role of these lifestyles in host evolution is discussed.

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9

Bagni. "The Filamentous Plant Viruses." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 275, n. 3 (giugno 1989): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(89)87242-0.

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Bagni. "The Filamentous Plant Viruses." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 21, n. 3 (giugno 1989): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(89)85020-2.

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Tesi sul tema "Plant viruses"

1

Chare, Elizabeth R. "Recombination in RNA viruses and plant virus evolution". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433381.

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2

Mcmenemy, Lindsay Sara. "Raspberry viruses manipulate plant–aphid interactions". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7465/.

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Plants come under attack by a variety of organisms, including insects and pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses. Plant viruses can interact indirectly with their vectors by inducing changes to plant chemistry which may alter its attractiveness as a host for herbivore vectors. Using red raspberry as a study system, this study aimed to investigate the host plant mediated interactions occurring between the large raspberry aphid, Amphorophora idaei, and two of the viruses that it transmits, Black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV) and Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV). In whole plant bioassays, BRNV and RLMV-infected plants were shown to be initially more attractive to A. idaei and aphids remained on the initially selected host plant for a period of approximately 30 minutes. In addition, A. idaei took three days longer to reach reproductive maturity compared with those feeding on non-infected plants, suggesting a virally-induced manipulation of aphid behaviour whereby a deceptive attraction of the vector to a host plant found to be nutritionally poor, presumably acts to promote virus transmission. Investigations of the underlying plant chemistry revealed that raspberry viruses may be capable of facilitating aphid feeding by reducing leaf phenolic concentration when aphids are feeding and that infection with BRNV and RLMV resulted in significantly elevated levels of carbon and free amino acids in the leaves. While increased concentrations of amino acids might be expected to promote aphid performance, the amino acid composition was dominated by glutamate (77% of total content of infected plants), a previously suggested indicator of reduced host-plant suitability for aphids. Volatile entrainments from virus-infected plants showed elevated levels of the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Bioassays subsequently revealed that this compound acted as an aphid attractant at a concentration of 50 ng ml-1 but that aphid behaviour was unaffected by lower concentrations. The combined utilisation of PCR diagnostics developed from newly sequenced viral genomes and the implementation of a non-invasive, targeted method of sampling plant headspace volatiles enabled this study to provide novel insights into the nature of host plant mediated interactions between aphids and the viral pathogens that they transmit.

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3

Groen, Simon Cornelis. "Manipulation of plant-insect interactions by insect-borne plant viruses". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648187.

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4

Jeffries, Alex Craig. "The study at the molecular level of the New Zealand isolate of Lucerne transient streak sobemovirus and its satellite RNA". Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj47.pdf.

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5

Segwagwe, Amogelang Thethe. "Characterization of a tymovirus causing disease in diascia ornamental plants". Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/A%5FSegwagwe%5F032007.pdf.

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6

Afsharifar, Alireza. "Characterisation of minor RNAs associated with plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha2584.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 127-138. This thesis studies the minor double stranded RNAs (dsRNA) and single stranded RNAs (ssRNA) which are consistently associated with plants infected with Q strain of cucumber mosaic virus (Q-CMV). The investigations are focused on the structural elucidation of new RNAs which have been observed in single stranded and double stranded RNA profiles of Q strain of CMV.

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7

Keese, Paul Konrad. "Structures of viroids and virusoids and their functional significance". Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk268.pdf.

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8

Fu, S. F. "Salicylic acid induced resistance to plant viruses". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599252.

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Mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) plays a role in protecting plant cells against reactive oxygen species. The SA-inducible RNA-directed RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1), contributes to viral RNA degradation via RNA interference. Previous data suggested that these enzymes comprise separately regulated, redundant elements in SA-induced resistance to viruses. To test this hypothesis, I constructed transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and N. benthamiana plants compromised simultaneously in AOX function and RDR1 activity. Transgenic tobacco and N. benthamiana plants were characterised by measuring alternative respiratory pathway (AP) capacity and RDR enzyme activity. The resistance/susceptibility status of the transgenic plants was assessed by analysing Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) accumulation in the chemically treated, directly-inoculated tissues. Antimycin A (AA)-induced resistance to TMV was inhibited in transgenic N. benthamiana with increased AP capacity, and SA- and AA-induced resistance was enhanced in transgenic N. benthamiana with decreased AP capacity. However, SA-induced resistance to TMV in directly-inoculated leaves was still unaffected in transgenic tobacco and N. benthamiana compromised in AOX function and RDR1 activity. This suggests that SA-induced resistance to viruses involves additional, unknown mechanisms. Surprisingly, SA can enhance RDR activity in transgenic 35S-MtRDR1 N. benthamiana but not wild-type and vector-control plants (natural mutants of RDR1). This SA-enhanced RDR activity resulted from increased MtRDR1 protein level, indicating the post-transcriptional regulation of MtRDR1 enzyme activity. SA-induced resistance to systemic movement was enhanced in transgenic 35S-MtRDR1 N. benthamiana plants, suggesting that SA-induced increase in RDR1 activity plays a role in induced resistance to systemic movement of viruses. Basal resistance to viruses was studied in transgenic tobacco (nn or NN genotype) and N. benthamiana plants with modified AP capacity or RDR activity. Modification of AP capacity had no effect on TMV accumulation in HR lesions from transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the Aoxla construct (NN background). Notably, transgenic N. benthamiana plants with increased AP capacity were more susceptibility to Potato virus X (PVX) than non-transgenic plants. This was seen in the transgenic plant with increased AP capacity that PVX accumulated to higher level in both directly-inoculated and systemic leaf tissues. It was also nearly discovered that transgenic 35S-MtRDR1 N. benthamiana plants were more resistant to Potato virus Y ordinary strain. The results suggest that altering AP capacity has effect on basal resistance to some viruses and confirms that RDR1 plays a role on basal resistance.

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9

Aw, D. W. J. "Analysis of methods for screening plant viruses". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328786.

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10

Bonfiglioli, Roderick. "Studies on the ultrastructural localisation of viroids and other plant pathogens". Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb713.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 78-90. Designed to localize viroids at the histological and subcellular level and to determine with which cellular compartments the different viroids are associated. The majority of the work, in both the viroid and the phytoplasma studies involved the development of different methods and techniques.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Plant viruses"

1

L, Mandahar C., a cura di. Plant viruses. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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2

Gaur, Rajarshi Kumar, SMP Khurana e Yuri Dorokhov. Plant Viruses. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315162287.

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3

F, Murant A., e Harrison B. D, a cura di. The plant viruses. New York: Plenum Press, 1996.

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4

Harrison, B. D., e A. F. Murant, a cura di. The Plant Viruses. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1772-0.

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5

Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., e Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, a cura di. The Plant Viruses. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7026-0.

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6

Milne, Robert G., a cura di. The Plant Viruses. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7038-3.

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7

Koenig, Renate, a cura di. The Plant Viruses. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0921-5.

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8

Francki, R. I. B., a cura di. The Plant Viruses. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4937-2.

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9

Francki, R. I. B., 1930-, Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. e Fraenkel-Conrat Heinz 1910-, a cura di. The Plant viruses. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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10

Roossinck, Marilyn J. Plant virus evolution. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Plant viruses"

1

Blystad, Dag-Ragnar, Anders Kvarnheden e Jari Valkonen. "Plant viruses." In Plant pathology and plant diseases, 107–31. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243185.0107.

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2

Grierson, Donald, e Simon N. Covey. "Plant Viruses". In Plant Molecular Biology, 158–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9649-2_8.

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3

Grierson, Donald, e Simon N. Covey. "Plant Viruses". In Plant Molecular Biology, 158–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3666-6_8.

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4

Lacomme, Christophe, Greg P. Pogue, T. Michael A. Wilson e Simon Santa Cruz. "Plant viruses". In Genetically Engineered Viruses, 59–105. London: Garland Science, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003423775-4.

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5

Marwal, Avinash, R. K. Gaur e SMP Khurana. "Possible Approaches for Developing Different Strategies to Prevent Transmission of Geminiviruses to Important Crops". In Plant Viruses, 301–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315162287-18.

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Singh, Khushwant, e Jiban Kumar Kundu. "Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus". In Plant Viruses, 131–48. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315162287-8.

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Malathi, V. G., P. Renukadevi e S. Rageshwari. "Molecular Dynamics of Geminivirus-Host Interactome". In Plant Viruses, 173–94. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315162287-10.

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Yin, Zhimin. "Host miRNAs and Virus-Derived Small RNAs in Plants Infected with Certain Potyviruses". In Plant Viruses, 279–300. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315162287-17.

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9

Dorokhov, Yuri L., Ekaterina V. Sheshukova e Tatiana V. Komarova. "Tobamoviruses and Their Diversity". In Plant Viruses, 65–80. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315162287-4.

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Marwal, Avinash, Rakesh Kumar Verma, SMP Khurana e R. K. Gaur. "Molecular Interactions between Plant Viruses and Their Biological Vectors". In Plant Viruses, 205–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315162287-12.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Plant viruses"

1

Taliansky, Michael E., Jane Shaw, Antonida Makhotenko, Andrew J. Love, Natalia O. Kalinina e Stuart MacFarlane. "PLANT-VIRUS INTERACTIONS: THE ROLE OF SUBNUCLEAR STRUCTURES". In Viruses: Discovering Big in Small. TORUS PRESS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/viruses-2019-11.

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2

Solovyev, Andrey. "NOVEL TRANSPORT MODULE IN A PLANT VIRUS GENOME INCLUDES HELICASE AND HYDROPHOBIC PROTEIN GENES". In Viruses: Discovering Big in Small. TORUS PRESS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/viruses-2019-05.

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3

Vasilijević, Bojana, Vera Katanić, Sanja Živković, Tanja Vasić, Stefan Kovačević e Darko Jevremović. "APPLICATION OF MULTIPLEX RT-PCR FOR GRAPEVINE VIRUSES DETECTION". In 2nd International Symposium on Biotechnology. Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt29.18bv.

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Grapevine, a significant fruit crop globally, is a host of various viruses that negatively affect yield, plant vigor, and fruit quality. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) offers the ability to detect numerous viruses simultaneously. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mRT-PCR for the detection of nine grapevine viruses in Serbia, including: grapevine fanleaf virus, grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1, 2, and 3, grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus, grapevine virus A, grapevine virus B, grapevine fleck virus, and arabis mosaic virus. This study confirms mRT-PCR as an efficient method for simultaneous detection of multiple grapevine viruses.

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"Bacillus bacteria in the resistance of potato plants to viruses". In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-035.

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"Endophytic bacteria of the Bacillus induce resistance of potato plants to viruses". In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-029.

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6

Saltanovici, Tatiana, Larisa Andronic, Ludmila Antoci e Ana Buldumac. "Impactul infecțiilor virale asupra activității gametofitului masculin de tomate". In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.57.

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Reinfection of tomato genotypes with tobacco mosaic virus or tomato aspermia virus results in a change of plant pollen productivity and male gametophyte activity. Under the influence of infection, the specificity of the genotype response for a number of functional traits of the male gametophyte was revealed. Under conditions of primary infection and reinfection, the genotype was a determining factor in the variability of pollen viability, while the change in the size of pollen tubes was mainly determined by the appearance of viruses. As a result of the experiments, two varieties Venets and Rufina were selected for further research, combining a high level of pollen viability and productivity. They testify to a high reproductive capacity of varieties; the combination of these indicators can be used as a tool for the selection of valuable genotypes.

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Marii, Liliana, Larisa Andronic, Svetlana Smerea e Natalia Balasova. "Evaluarea rolului genotipului în răspunsul antioxidativ la tomatele infectate cu virusuri". In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.41.

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Studying the particularities of manifestation of defensive indicators – POX and PPO in case of in-fection with 2 types of viruses of different virus-host combinations (sensitive, tolerant, resistant) was per-formed in basis of analysis of variance. The obtained results denote a significant contribution of all ana-lyzed factors in the variability of PPO and POX indices, the major contribution returning to the genotype, followed by viral infection, the type of viral infection with a variable dose of contribution depending on the applied matrix. The PPO index expressed a higher specificity of the genotype response depending on the virus applied compared to POX. At the same time, it was found that TAV had a higher contribution in the variability of POX and PPO, compared to TMV.

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Petrova, A. D. "VIRAL AND NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN PLANTINGS OF THE GARDEN STRAWBERRY". In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.316-321.

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Protecting strawberries from various diseases and phytoparasites plays an important role in providing high yields. Ditylenchiasis caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857, Filipjev, 1936) is a wide-spread and highly dangerous disease with the greatest economic impact worldwide. The disease is common in industrial gardens, on farms and subsidiary farms. The stem nematode being a serious pest reduces strawberry yield by almost 3-5 times. Berries become small and ugly on damaged plants and their sugar content decreases. The plant reproductive capacity decreases by 6-10 times. The most dangerous and economically significant viruses for strawberries are arabis mosaic vitis ArMV, strawberry latent ringspot virus SLRSV, tomato black ring virus TBRV, and raspberry ringspot virus RpRSV. The symptoms of strawberry damage by nepoviruses appear as dwarfism and a chlorotic pattern in the form of rings, lines, and spots on leaves. The harmfulness of the viruses on strawberries is shown in decreased yield to 42%, decreased peduncles, ovaries and fruit weight, and the changed chemical composition. The research was carried out on farms of different types of ownership in the Moscow, Yaroslavl, and Tver Regions. The species composition of the viruses on strawberry varieties and hybrids, and the Ditylenchus dipsaci prevalence were studied. In 18% of the studied private subsidiary farms, the infection with the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci was detected. The infection degree ranged from 9 to 28% of the plants on the site. The infected bush yield fell by 40%. The overall virus prevalence was 53.6%. The variation was from 5 to 24% in individual viruses. The cucumber mosaic virus infection was found in 18% of the samples.

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9

"Potential of ribonuclease-sinthesizing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in plant defence against viruses". In Current Challenges in Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/icg-plantgen2019-24.

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10

Pershin, S. M., N. V. Tcherniega, A. F. Bunkin, E. K. Donchenko, O. V. Karpova, A. D. Kudryavtseva, T. V. Mironova, M. A. Strokov, M. A. Shevchenko e K. I. Zemskov. "Laser Excitation of Coherent Gigahertz Vibrations in Plant Viruses". In 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lo.2018.8435836.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Plant viruses"

1

Palukaitis, Peter, Amit Gal-On, Milton Zaitlin e Victor Gaba. Virus Synergy in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573074.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

Transgenic plants expressing viral genes offer novel means of engendering resistance to those viruses. However, some viruses interact synergistically with other viruses and it is now known that transgenic plants expressing particular genes of one virus may also mediate synergy with a second virus. Thus, our specific objectives were to (1) determine if transgenic plants resistant to one virus showed synergy with another virus; (2) determine what viral sequences were essential for synergy; and (3) determine whether one of more mechanisms were involved i synergy. This project would also enable an evaluation of the risks of synergism associated with the use of such transgenic plants. The conclusion deriving from this project are as follows: - There is more than one mechanism of synergy. - The CMV 2b gene is required for synergistic interactions. - Synergy between a potyvirus and CMV can break natural resistance limiting CMV movement. - Synergy operates at two levels - increase in virus accumulation and increase in pathology - independently of each other. - Various sequences of CMV can interact with the host to alter pathogenicity and affect virus accumulation. - The effect of synergy on CMV satellite RNA accumulatio varies in different systems. - The HC-Pro gene may only function in host plant species to induce synergy. - The HC-Pro is a host range determinant of potyviruses. - Transgenic plants expressing some viral sequences showed synergy with one or more viruses. Transgenic plants expressing CMV RNA 1, PVY NIb and the TMV 30K gene all showed synergy with at least one unrelated virus. - Transgenic plants expressing some viral sequences showed interference with the infection of unrelated viruses. Transgenic plants expressing the TMV 30K, 54K and 126K genes, the PVY NIb gene, or the CMV 3a gene all showed some level of interference with the accumulation (and in some cases the pathology) of unrelated viruses. From our observations, there are agricultural implications to the above conclusions. It is apparent that before they are released commercially, transgenic plants expressing viral sequences for resistance to one virus need to be evaluated fro two properties: - Synergism to unrelated viruses that infect the same plant. Most of these evaluations can be made in the greenhouse, and many can be predicted from the known literature of viruses known to interact with each other. In other cases, where transgenic plants are being generated from new plant species, the main corresponding viruses from the same known interacting genera (e.g., potexviruses and cucumoviruses, potyviruses and cucumoviruses, tobamoviruses and potexviruses, etc.) should be evaluated. - Inhibition or enhancement of other resistance genes. Although it is unlikely that plants to be released would be transformed with HC-Pro or 2b genes, there may be other viral genes that can affect the expression of plant genes encoding resistance to other pathogens. Therefore, transgenic plants expressing viral genes to engender pathogen-derived resistance should be evaluated against a spectrum of other pathogens, to determine whether those resistance activities are still present, have been lost, or have been enhanced!

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Valverde, Rodrigo A., Aviv Dombrovsky e Noa Sela. Interactions between Bell pepper endornavirus and acute viruses in bell pepper and effect to the host. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598166.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

Based on the type of relationship with the host, plant viruses can be grouped as acute or persistent. Acute viruses are well studied and cause disease. In contrast, persistent viruses do not appear to affect the phenotype of the host. The genus Endornavirus contains persistent viruses that infect plants without causing visible symptoms. Infections by endornaviruses have been reported in many economically important crops, such as avocado, barley, common bean, melon, pepper, and rice. However, little is known about the effect they have on their plant hosts. The long term objective of the proposed project is to elucidate the nature of the symbiotic interaction between Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) and its host. The specific objectives include: a) to evaluate the phenotype and fruit yield of endornavirus-free and endornavirus-infected bell pepper near-isogenic lines under greenhouse conditions; b) to conduct gene expression studies using endornavirus-free and endornavirus-infected bell pepper near-isogenic lines; and c) to study the interactions between acute viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus Potato virus Y, Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, and Tobacco etch virus and Bell pepper endornavirus. It is likely that BPEV in bell pepper is in a mutualistic relationship with the plant and provide protection to unknown biotic or abiotic agents. Nevertheless, it is also possible that the endornavirus could interact synergistically with acute viruses and indirectly or directly cause harmful effects. In any case, the information that will be obtained with this investigation is relevant to BARD’s mission since it is related to the protection of plants against biotic stresses.

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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck e Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.

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Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.

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Gal-On, Amit, Shou-Wei Ding, Victor P. Gaba e Harry S. Paris. role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 in plant virus defense. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597919.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

Objectives: Our BARD proposal on the impact of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1) in plant defense against viruses was divided into four original objectives. 1. To examine whether a high level of dsRNA expression can stimulate RDR1 transcription independent of salicylic acid (SA) concentration. 2. To determine whether the high or low level of RDR1 transcript accumulation observed in virus resistant and susceptible cultivars is associated with viral resistance and susceptibility. 3. To define the biogenesis and function of RDR1-dependent endogenous siRNAs. 4. To understand why Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) can overcome RDR1-dependent resistance. The objectives were slightly changed due to the unique finding that cucumber has four different RDR1 genes. Background to the topic: RDR1 is a key plant defense against viruses. RDR1 is induced by virus infection and produces viral and plant dsRNAs which are processed by DICERs to siRNAs. siRNAs guide specific viral and plant RNA cleavage or serve as primers for secondary amplification of viral-dsRNA by RDR. The proposal is based on our preliminary results that a. the association of siRNA and RDR1 accumulation with multiple virus resistance, and b. that virus infection induced the RDR1-dependent production of a new class of endogenous siRNAs. However, the precise mechanisms underlying RDR1 induction and siRNA biogenesis due to virus infection remain to be discovered in plants. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We found that in the cucurbit family (cucumber, melon, squash, watermelon) there are 3-4 RDR1 genes not documented in other plant families. This important finding required a change in the emphasis of our objectives. We characterized 4 RDR1s in cucumber and 3 in melon. We demonstrated that in cucumber RDR1b is apparently a new broad spectrum virus resistance gene, independent of SA. In melon RDR1b is truncated, and therefore is assumed to be the reason that melon is highly susceptible to many viruses. RDR1c is dramatically induced due to DNA and RNA virus infection, and inhibition of RDR1c expression led to increased virus accumulation which suggested its important on gene silencing/defense mechanism. We show that induction of antiviral RNAi in Arabidopsis is associated with production of a genetically distinct class of virus-activated siRNAs (vasiRNAs) by RNA dependent RNA polymerase-1 targeting hundreds of host genes for RNA silencing by Argonaute-2. Production of vasiRNAs is induced by viruses from two different super groups of RNA virus families, targeted for inhibition by CMV, and correlated with virus resistance independently of viral siRNAs. We propose that antiviral RNAi activate broad-spectrum antiviral activity via widespread silencing of host genes directed by vasiRNAs, in addition to specific antiviral defense Implications both scientific and agricultural: The RDR1b (resistance) gene can now be used as a transcription marker for broad virus resistance. The discovery of vasiRNAs expands the repertoire of siRNAs and suggests that the siRNA-processing activity of Dicer proteins may play a more important role in the regulation of plant and animal gene expression than is currently known. We assume that precise screening of the vasiRNA host targets will lead in the near future for identification of plant genes associate with virus diseases and perhaps other pathogens.

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5

Morris, T. J., e A. O. Jackson. Characterization of defective interfering RNAs associated with RNA plant viruses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6880107.

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6

Morris, T. J., e A. O. Jackson. Characterization of defective interfering RNAs associated with RNA plant viruses. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139870.

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7

Wang, X. F., e M. Schuldiner. Systems biology approaches to dissect virus-host interactions to develop crops with broad-spectrum virus resistance. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134163.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

More than 60% of plant viruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that cause billion-dollar losses annually and pose a major threat to stable agricultural production, including cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) that infects numerous vegetables and ornamental trees. A highly conserved feature among these viruses is that they form viral replication complexes (VRCs) to multiply their genomes by hijacking host proteins and remodeling host intracellular membranes. As a conserved and indispensable process, VRC assembly also represents an excellent target for the development of antiviral strategies that can be used to control a wide-range of viruses. Using CMV and a model virus, brome mosaic virus (BMV), and relying on genomic tools and tailor-made large-scale resources specific for the project, our original objectives were to: 1) Identify host proteins that are required for viral replication complex assembly. 2) Dissect host requirements that determine viral host range. 3) Provide proof-of-concept evidence of a viral control strategy by blocking the viral replication complex-localized phospholipid synthesis. We expect to provide new ways and new concepts to control multiple viruses by targeting a conserved feature among positive-strand RNA viruses based on our results. Our work is going according to the expected timeline and we are progressing well on all aims. For Objective 1, among ~6,000 yeast genes, we have identified 96 hits that were possibly play critical roles in viral replication. These hits are involved in cellular pathways of 1) Phospholipid synthesis; 2) Membrane-shaping; 3) Sterol synthesis and transport; 4) Protein transport; 5) Protein modification, among many others. We are pursuing several genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport because cellular membranes are primarily composed of lipids and lipid compositional changes affect VRC formation and functions. For Objective 2, we have found that CPR5 proteins from monocotyledon plants promoted BMV replication while those from dicotyledon plants inhibited it, providing direct evidence that CPR5 protein determines the host range of BMV. We are currently examining the mechanisms by which dicot CPR5 genes inhibit BMV replication and expressing the dicot CPR5 genes in monocot plants to control BMV infection. For Objective 3, we have demonstrated that substitutions in a host gene involved in lipid synthesis, CHO2, prevented the VRC formation by directing BMV replication protein 1a (BMV 1a), which remodels the nuclear membrane to form VRCs, away from the nuclear membrane, and thus, no VRCs were formed. This has been reported in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Based on the results from Objective 3, we have extended our plan to demonstrate that an amphipathic alpha-helix in BMV 1a is necessary and sufficient to target BMV 1a to the nuclear membrane. We further found that the counterparts of the BMV 1a helix from a group of viruses in the alphavirus-like superfamily, such as CMV, hepatitis E virus, and Rubella virus, are sufficient to target VRCs to the designated membranes, revealing a conserved feature among the superfamily. A joint manuscript describing these exciting results and authored by the two labs will be submitted shortly. We have also successfully set up systems in tomato plants: 1) to efficiently knock down gene expression via virus-induced gene silencing so we could test effects of lacking a host gene(s) on CMV replication; 2) to overexpress any gene transiently from a mild virus (potato virus X) so we could test effects of the overexpressed gene(s) on CMV replication. In summary, we have made promising progress in all three Objectives. We have identified multiple new host proteins that are involved in VRC formation and may serve as good targets to develop antiviral strategies; have confirmed that CPR5 from dicot plants inhibited viral infection and are generating BMV-resistance rice and wheat crops by overexpressing dicot CPR5 genes; have demonstrated to block viral replication by preventing viral replication protein from targeting to the designated organelle membranes for the VRC formation and this concept can be further employed for virus control. We are grateful to BARD funding and are excited to carry on this project in collaboration.

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Whitham, Steven A., Amit Gal-On e Tzahi Arazi. Functional analysis of virus and host components that mediate potyvirus-induced diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591732.bard.

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The mechanisms underlying the development of symptoms in response to virus infection remain to be discovered in plants. Insight into symptoms induced by potyviruses comes from evidence implicating the potyviral HC-Pro protein in symptom development. In particular, recent studies link the development of symptoms in infected plants to HC-Pro's ability to interfere with small RNA metabolism and function in plant hosts. Moreover, mutation of the highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif to FINK in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) converts a severe strain into an asymptomatic strain, but does not affect virus accumulation in cucurbit hosts. The ability of this FINK mutation to uncouple symptoms from virus accumulation creates a unique opportunity to study symptom etiology, which is usually confounded by simultaneous attenuation of both symptoms and virus accumulation. Our goal was to determine how mutations in the conserved FRNK motif affect host responses to potyvirus infection in cucurbits and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our first objective was to define those amino acids in the FRNK motif that are required for symptoms by mutating the FRNK motif in ZYMV and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Symptom expression and accumulation of resulting mutant viruses in cucurbits and Arabidopsis was determined. Our second objective was to identify plant genes associated with virus disease symptoms by profiling gene expression in cucurbits and Arabidopsis in response to mutant and wild type ZYMV and TuMV, respectively. Genes from the two host species that are differentially expressed led us to focus on a subset of genes that are expected to be involved in symptom expression. Our third objective was to determine the functions of small RNA species in response to mutant and wild type HC-Pro protein expression by monitoring the accumulation of small RNAs and their targets in Arabidopsis and cucurbit plants infected with wild type and mutant TuMV and ZYMV, respectively. We have found that the maintenance of the charge of the amino acids in the FRNK motif of HC-Pro is required for symptom expression. Reduced charge (FRNA, FRNL) lessen virus symptoms, and maintain the suppression of RNA silencing. The FRNK motif is involved in binding of small RNA species including microRNAs (miRNA) and short interfering RNAs (siRNA). This binding activity mediated by the FRNK motif has a role in protecting the viral genome from degradation by the host RNA silencing system. However, it also provides a mechanism by which the FRNK motif participates in inducing the symptoms of viral infection. Small RNA species, such as miRNA and siRNA, can regulate the functions of plant genes that affect plant growth and development. Thus, this binding activity suggests a mechanism by which ZYMVHC-Pro can interfere with plant development resulting in disease symptoms. Because the host genes regulated by small RNAs are known, we have identified candidate host genes that are expected to play a role in symptoms when their regulation is disrupted during viral infections. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK amino acid motif of HC-Pro and its contribution to the functions of HC-Pro, and we have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to symptoms of virus infected plants when their expression becomes misregulated during potyviral infections. The results set the stage to establish the roles of specific host genes in viral pathogenicity. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.

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Mawassi, Munir, e Valerian Dolja. Role of RNA Silencing Suppression in the Pathogenicity and Host Specificity of the Grapevine Virus A. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592114.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

RNA silencing is a defense mechanism that functions against virus infection and involves sequence-specific degradation of viral RNA. Diverse RNA and DNA viruses of plants encode RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs), which, in addition to their role in viral counterdefense, were implicated in the efficient accumulation of viral RNAs, virus transport, pathogenesis, and determination of the virus host range. Despite rapidly growing understanding of the mechanisms of RNA silencing suppression, systematic analysis of the roles played by diverse RSSs in virus biology and pathology is yet to be completed. Our research was aimed at conducting such analysis for two grapevine viruses, Grapevine virus A (GVA) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV- 2). Our major achievements on the previous cycle of BARD funding are as follows. 1. GVA and GLRaV-2 were engineered into efficient gene expression and silencing vectors for grapevine. The efficient techniques for grapevine infection resulting in systemic expression or silencing of the recombinant genes were developed. Therefore, GVA and GLRaV-2 were rendered into powerful tools of grapevine virology and functional genomics. 2. The GVA and GLRaV-2 RSSs, p10 and p24, respectively, were identified, and their roles in viral pathogenesis were determined. In particular, we found that p10 functions in suppression and pathogenesis are genetically separable. 3. We revealed that p10 is a self-interactive protein that is targeted to the nucleus. In contrast, p24 mechanism involves binding small interfering RNAs in the cytoplasm. We have also demonstrated that p10 is relatively weak, whereas p24 is extremely strong enhancer of the viral agroinfection. 4. We found that, in addition to the dedicated RSSs, GVA and GLRaV-2 counterdefenses involve ORF1 product and leader proteases, respectively. 5. We have teamed up with Dr. Koonin and Dr. Falnes groups to study the evolution and function of the AlkB domain presents in GVA and many other plant viruses. It was demonstrated that viral AlkBs are RNA-specific demethylases thus providing critical support for the biological relevance of the novel process of AlkB-mediated RNA repair.

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Mawassi, Munir, e Valerian V. Dolja. Role of the viral AlkB homologs in RNA repair. United States Department of Agriculture, giugno 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594396.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

AlkB proteins that repair DNA via reversing methylation damage are conserved in a broad range of prokaryotes and eukaryotes including plants. Surprisingly, AlkB-domains were discovered in the genomes of numerous plant positive-strand RNA viruses, majority of which belong to the family Flexiviridae. The major goal of this research was to reveal the AlkB functions in the viral infection cycle using a range of complementary genetic and biochemical approaches. Our hypotheses was that AlkB is required for efficient replication and genetic stability of viral RNA genomes The major objectives of the research were to identify the functions of GVA AlkB domain throughout the virus infection cycle in N. benthamiana and grapevine, to investigate possible RNA silencing suppression activity of the viral AlkBs, and to characterize the RNA demethylation activity of the mutated GVA AlkBs in vitro and in vivo to determine methylation status of the viral RNA. Over the duration of project, we have made a very substantial progress with the first two objectives. Because of the extreme low titer of the virus particles in plants infected with the AlkB mutant viruses, we were unable to analyze RNA demethylation activity and therefore had to abandon third objective. The major achievements with our objectives were demonstration of the AlkB function in virus spread and accumulation in both experimental and natural hosts of GVA, discovery of the functional cooperation and physical interaction between AlkB and p10 AlkB in suppression of plant RNA silencing response, developing a powerful virus vector technology for grapevine using GLRaV-2-derived vectors for functional genomics and pathogen control in grapevine, and in addition we used massive parallel sequencing of siRNAs to conduct comparative analysis of the siRNA populations in grape plants infected with AlkB-containing GLRaV-3 versus GLRaV-2 that does not encode AlkB. This analysis revealed dramatically reduced levels of virus-specific siRNAs in plants infected with GLRaV-3 compared to that in GLRaV-2 infection implicating AlkB in suppression of siRNA formation. We are pleased to report that BARD funding resulted in 5 publications directly supported by BARD, one US patent, and 9 more publications also relevant to project. Moreover, two joint manuscripts that summarize work on GVA AlkB (led by Israeli PI) and on viral siRNAs in grapevine (led by US PI in collaboration with University of Basel) are in preparation.

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